Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Super Structure
Super Structure
PROJECT
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
BY
James-William Brown a1766666
Sakshi Ahuja a1767169
Dulan Gamage a1773659
Carey Zimmer a1770345
Khanh Vy Nguyen a1781568
THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE
School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering
Structural Mechanics Design Project Group 3
Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Materials .................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 - List of Materials ................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 - Use of Timber .................................................................................................................................... 4
3. Additions: Spa ............................................................................................................................................ 5
4. Design Recommendation ........................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Final Design .......................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1.1 Design overview ............................................................................................................................ 5
4.1.3 Wall ............................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.4 Floor and stilts .............................................................................................................................. 6
4.1.5 Spa Design Recommendation ....................................................................................................... 6
5. Summary of Structural Members .............................................................................................................. 6
6. Cost Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 7
7. Assumptions............................................................................................................................................... 8
8. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 8
9. References ................................................................................................................................................. 8
10. Calculation Check..................................................................................................................................... 9
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Structural Mechanics Design Project Group 3
1. Introduction
This design project presents the design and quote for the materials for the superstructure which
will contain recording studio for a client. The client has set requirements such as: the plan area
being limited to 6m × 8m, the studio having no internal columns as well as being a head height of
2.5m or greater, and the material used for the super structure to be MGP10 timber. It is also
required for the cost of the structure to be under the client’s budget, and for the studio to be able
to fit a luxurious spa. This project requires utilization of skills and knowledge that has been
acquired throughout the course, as well as courses such as Statics and Strength of Materials. The
design must take into account both the dead and the live load on the structure, alongside wind,
gravity, and the bending moments/deflections for each of the beams used. The dead load comprises
of its self-weight, which includes the floors, walls, roofs, permanent equipment, and any other
fixed décor which applies a static load that will remain constant. Live loads on the other hand,
represent the transient forces which are moveable, and can be applied to any structural element.
These loads include the weight of people, furniture, and other moveable equipment. As live loads
depend on the structural strength, it is crucial to have a clear plan of the building use (Live Loads
vs. Dead Loads in Structural Design – Barton Supply Co., 2018). Structural engineers must be
very careful with their calculations, including the geometric position and weight of live loads, as
any errors could have a disastrous impact such as the collapse of the entire shed. Thus, the client
will be provided with a detailed analysis, including the list and usage of materials, the addition of
the spa, the design recommendations, the cost summary and the assumptions. All calculations for
the floor design, added spa design, roof truss design, and wall design have been included, along
with the drawings of the designs. The added spa would need to be considered as an additional dead
load which will result in a deflection for the primary and secondary beams.
2. Materials
2.1 - List of Materials
The following list outlines the materials proposed to be utilized in the construction of this studio:
▪ 45mm x 90mm MGP10 timber (roof beams/truss and walls, primary beams with spa)
▪ 762mm x 16mm Color bond Corrugated .42 BMT Steel (roof surface and wall surface)
▪ 190mm x 35mm stilts
▪ 130mm x 19mm floorboards
▪ 190mm x 35mm MGP10 timber (primary beams without spa)
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Structural Mechanics Design Project Group 3
3. Additions: Spa
Apart from the design of the man cave, the client also needs a spa to be added for the alternative
design. The spa has dimensions 2m × 2m × 0.82m and is to be positioned in the top right-hand
side corner as is evident from the alternative design diagram within floor calculations.
4. Design Recommendation
4.1 Final Design
4.1.1 Design overview
Overall, the design for the superstructure recording studio is made up of three main sections: the
floor, the roof, and the walls. The floor is designed by having stilts made of 190 x 35mm MGP10
timber. These stilts were placed every 2m in the 6 x 8m area. Above the stilts lay the primary
beams and secondary beams, as well as the floorboards on top which are vertically and horizontally
placed. The secondary beam spacing was determined to be 0.5m and the primary beam spacing to
be 2m, where the stilt spacings are also 2m in accordance with the primary beams. The floorboard
was made of 130 x 19mm hardwood flooring. The secondary beams and primary beams were made
of 90 x 45mm MGP10 and 190 x 35mm MGP10 respectively. Moreover, the floors were made of
corrugated steel material to protect the inner frame. For the roof truss, two cases scenarios were
tested, and it was concluded that case two which is wind at 90 degrees was a better alternative to
use so that the wind pressure acting on the roof was minimal. Also, 90mm x 45mm MGP10 timber
was the best material to utilize for the roof design. The axial forces within the members and the
deflection of the truss at point C was also calculated through method of joints and unit load method.
It can be seen that the deflection at C is lower than the set Australian Standards. The columns for
the wall with 2 meter spacing also utilized 90mm x 45mm MGP10 timber. The surface cover for
the walls utilized color bond corrugated steel sheets. The maximum bending moments and shear
forces within the columns of the wall were evaluated using the portal method for analysis.
Additionally, an alternative design was made to accommodate for the addition of spa space.
Consideration of its full weight were taken to determine relevant spacings for the alternative floor
plans.
4.1.2 Roof Truss
The truss design was designed in order to support the roof and withstand the wind forces for a
dwelling situated in the Suburbs of Adelaide. The roof truss is 1 meter in height and 6 meters in
length, with an approximately 18° roof pitch. The roof pitch had followed the Australian Standards,
such that the pitch in the range of 15° to 22.5°. To analyze the wind action, site wind speed, design
wind speed, and design wind pressure were determined. Through that, the external and internal
wind pressure were calculated. The external wind pressure for the individual side of the buildings
were analyzed based on two cases scenario: when the wind is at 0° (𝜃=0°) and 90° (𝜃=90°).
Through the summary of the external pressure coefficients, it occurred that case 1 (𝜃=0°) produced
the largest design wind pressure activity on the rafter. Hence, case 2 (𝜃=90°) was used in order to
minimize the wind pressure acting on the roof. The most-suited material for the truss design was
90mm x 45mm MGP10 timber. In the second section of the roof truss calculations, method of
joints was used as a method to calculate the internal forces of the truss and then calculate the
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Structural Mechanics Design Project Group 3
deflection of the truss. The deflection was 0.05mm, which meets the criteria of maximum
deflection being less than 20mm.
4.1.3 Wall
The trusses were to be placed above 90mm x 45mm MGP 10 timber top plates with 2m spaced
90mm x 45 mm support columns. From the calculations, it can be seen that the primary supporting
columns spaced 2 meters apart were analyzed. The maximum potential bending of the columns
caused by the wind pressures were calculated using the portal method. For wall materials, Color
bond Steel XRW S-Rib Corrugated .42 BMT was chosen to be used.
4.1.4 Floor and stilts
To begin, the initial designs, considerations of spacing between the secondary beams, primary
beams, and stilts were needed. The flooring design that was determined that could withstand the
live loading that would be used in the 8m x 6m superstructure has met all the serviceability and
stress constraints criteria. The flooring was to be used is the ‘Boral 130 x 19mm Spotted Gum
Classic Hardwood Solid Flooring’ from Bunnings Warehouse. The maximum spacing for the
secondary beams was 0.521m, but for construction, 0.5m would be used as it would easily fit
across an 8m span and keep the entire structure calculations simpler. The secondary beams would
consist of using 90mm x 45mm MGP10 timber, as this spacing and timber dimension were within
the stress criteria. The span between primary beams was chosen to be 2m and 190mm x 35mm
MGP10 timber was the successor for this section as it has met the criteria of maximum deflection
and stress. Likewise, with the primary beam in terms of wood chosen, the stilts are also placed
every 2 meters along the primary beam.
4.1.5 Spa Design Recommendation
To accommodate for the addition of a spa into the area, an adapted floor plan was made. The spa
was chosen to have reasonable dimensions of 2m x 2m x0.82m, with a net-weight of 1600kg when
it is filled with water. Then, the weight of the spa had to be converted to a uniformly distributed
load which acted upon secondary beams and given this, the secondary beams were to be 0.5m apart
from each other. All wood dimensions of MGP10 Pine timber were kept the same for the adapted
floor plan. Furthermore, the addition of the spa resulted in changing the primary beam spacing to
0.5m resulting in silts also be 0.5m apart.
Roof
Member Wood Type Axial Force Area (m^2)
(kN)
AB MGP10 90x45mm -7.4 0.00405
AG MGP10 90x45mm 8.3 0.00405
BC MGP10 90x45mm -7.4 0.00405
BG MGP10 90x45mm 0 0.00405
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Structural Mechanics Design Project Group 3
6. Cost Summary
Section Material Cost Amount Used Total Cost
Floor Floorboard 19 ($/m) 370 m $7030
Floor 90mm x 45mm 4.44 ($/m) 128 m $568.32
MGP10
Floor 190mm x 35mm 8.59 ($/m) 24 m $206.16
MGP10
Floor Stilt $500 (each) 33 $16500
Roof Truss 90mm x 45mm 4.44 ($/m) 87.4 m $388.06
MGP10
Roof Beams 90mm x 45mm 4.44 ($/m) 24 m $106.56
MGP10
Roof Surface COLORBOND 19.16 ($/m^2) 59.5 m^2 $1,141
Steel
Walls 90mm x 45mm 4.44 ($/m) 63 m $279.72
MGP10
Wall Surface COLORBOND 19.16 ($/m^2) 70 m^2 $1,456.16
Steel
7
Structural Mechanics Design Project Group 3
7. Assumptions
There were numerous assumptions that were considered for the designing process of the man cave.
The main assumptions taken into account are as follows:
1. The design only considers the wind and gravity loadings for the calculations. Natural
disasters such as earthquakes, and the pressure that they would apply on the structure has
not been taken into account. This is a reasonable assumption to make considering that
within the location (Adelaide), natural disasters are a rarity.
2. The walls and roof will be considered to be cladded for the purpose of wind calculations.
3. Stairs, draining or flashing is ignored for the shed design.
4. Another assumption is to do with the position of the spa. Although the spa is an additional
dead load, changes in its position may affect live loads such as the water, and the people
who may utilize it.
5. It is assumed that no other dead loads than those that have been mentioned will be applied.
This includes any other furniture or equipment which may be needed to run the spa and
man cave efficiently.
6. Any other assumptions made within the calculations have been clearly stated. For example,
the determination of the spacing for secondary beams had the following assumptions:
assume simply supported beam, assume loading on the beam to be a UDL, and for the
maximum deflection to be less than or equal to L/300, according to Australian standards
(where L is the spacing of beams in secondary).
8. Conclusion
In conclusion, this design project required structural knowledge to complete the sections of the
report including floor calculations, roof and truss calculations, the portal method, and finally the
cost analysis. The design encompasses a 6m × 8m shed studio with the addition of a 2m × 2m ×
0.82m spa. The material chosen to design the inner framework is MGP10 timber. MGP10 timber
has a very high MOE (modulus of elasticity) of 10,000 megapascals, which indicates that it is
relatively stiff. The material also has insulation properties which makes it a good choice for
construction. For the roof surface and wall surface, color bond steel is utilized. For the designing
of this shed, several assumptions were made which have already been stated. All calculations have
been provided in an organized manner, and the final cost of the entire construction process is
approximated to be $27,676.
9. References
▪ Barton-supply.com. 2018. Live Loads Vs. Dead Loads In Structural Design – Barton
Supply Co.. [online] Available at: <https://barton-supply.com/2018/10/17/live-loads-vs-
dead-loads-in-structural-design/> [Accessed 27 October 2020].
8
Overview
FLOOR CALCULATIONS SUMMARY PG 1117
Ls Secondary beam
spacing 0.5M
- =
Lp -
primary beam
spacing
=
2M
Stitt 2M
Lst
spacing
- =
ADDED SPA
(s Secondary beam
spacing 0.5M
- =
Lp -
primary beam
spacing
=
0.5M
stilt
Lst
spacing
- =
0.5M
i
'
l p
floorboard →
-
secondary beam →
beam →
primary
stilts →
l l l l
L L L I 8M
Consider floorboard 1
this
'
→ assume
loading on beam
l
L
l ( floorboard ) is a ODL
Dmax = 5*4
384 EI
1) allowed f Spean =
I
300 300
°
W =
dead load t live load
t t
of
weight find value on
i floorboard Australian standards
of
E
Young's modulus MGPIO timber
• =
°
I = 2nd moment of inertia → bd3
-
12
from dimensions of
chosen floorboard
→ solve for L
→ L of beams
gives spacing
in
secondary
PG 3117
4
5wL_ C 1-
384 El 300
<3 C 384¥
1500 W
G Q -
I 19mm
#
W =
dead load t
live load
= I -
ZG t 1.5 Q
-
L
b l
dead load =
( unit weight ) ( volume )
of MGPIO
=
( 5 -
3 ) ( 0.130×0.019×0 ) ( AS 1170 ,
Table Al )
= 0.0620lb kN Im
( VDL action )
live load = x t
length ( AS 1170 ,
Table 3.1 )
=
1.5 xD
1. 5b
= AN M
W =
1.2 ( O 0620lb )
-
t
1.5 ( 2b )
= 3.0744 b kN Im
I = ÷zbd3
=
÷zb( 0.01973
= 5.71583×10-7 b m
4
L 's C 3842¥
1500W
Vb )
) ( 5.71583×10
-
384 # ooo,7xlO0
L 's C ( .
)
-
( 3.07441
, be
C 0.141
( Ls =
secondary spacing )
Ls a
so.MX
M
S 0.521
=
let
We can Ls = 0.5 to
get 10 beams for 8M span
for
Deforming primary PG 4117
spacing
floor board →
→
beam
secondary a
→
beam LP
primary
→
stilts
Lp primary spacing
=
-
Lp
Ls = O 481M
-
secondary spacing
AUS kN1m3 ( ASI 170.1--2002 )
weight Pine
Unit =
5-3 Table At
Floorboard thickness =
0.019M
Calculations
"
5Wh c L - - - - - - -
#
y
-
,
384 EI 300 i
r I
5h24 c 1- I ; pnezemdatteast
384 El 300 i ,
i t
. - - - - - -
3 -
L C 3842¥ Ls =
0.521ns ( limit )
1500W 0.5 ( build )
dead load G =
(5-3) ((0.521×0.019) 1- (O - 12 XO - 045 ) )
O 0771 ODL direction L beam
along
= . in
live load Q = (I -
5) CO 521 )
-
w = I -2 ( 0.0771 ) t
I -5 (O -
7215 )
=
1.1747 KNIM
PG 5117
Lps s 3842¥
1500W
( 0.0011747 Kmfm )
(1500 )
( 9885061440 mm
C 9.885 m
If
primary beam is Lp =
2.12M apart ,
then
8 8
Fs Ey
'
-
=
My c
Ty
I
(0.600×0.06) c Ty
t 0-045×0.123
( 12
x
)
beam
primary
-
floorboards
-
✓
area
-
tributary
\ beam
secondary
Ls = O 481M
-
secondary spacing
AUS kNlm3 ( ASI 170.1--2002 )
weight Pine
Unit =
5-3 Table At
Floorboard thickness =
0.019M
Lp =
2M
primary spacing
to
secondary beam equivalent 4mx2m x 0.006075M
Calculations
dead load G =
(5. 3) ( (2×0.019 ) t (2×0-000075) + (O - Iu xo -035
) )
= O -
29177
W = I -2 (O -
29177 ) t
1.5 (3)
= 4.850 nnlm
G total =
Gbeam +
Aspa =
3.3542
W = SQ t l -
29 = 6.27 UNM
Imax =
50-0 = 2 mm
250
D =
0.351mm ,
as D C Dmax satisfied
ACTION EFFECTS
mmmm w = I -
ZG t l -
SQ = G 27k
-
NIM
TRAY
'
Y Ray
-
0.5M
+
TEFY = O
2 Ray =
(O 5) 16.27 )
-
Ray = 1.56 kN
G 27xkN
-
j UK ) G
27×41.56
=
I -56
-
-
x
( fu Jma )
kN Md) =
I -
56 x -
G -
LT ×
(E )
= 1.50 X -
3.085×2
VM )
x
SFD mcunm ) BMD
x
1.56 "" 0.2531N
#
W
Xcm ) Xcm )
7 >
i. soun
v
u
5max =
MI C fall ,
(10-2536)/0.04572
a 17000 Pa
Tz ( -0973 )
10.045 ) O
Dead G
load =
primary beam
weight t
secondary beam
floorboards
weight weight
t
Primary self
weight = ( 5.3 ) ( 0.19 )(0.035 ) ( MGPIO 190×3 5mm )
=
0.0352 KNIM
Secondary self
weight
=
( 5.3 ) ( 0.09 ) ( 0.045 )
= 0.0215 KNIM ( MGDIO 90 x 45mm )
= 0.239 KNIM
G = O -
0352 t
0.0215 t
0.239
= O -
2957 KNIM
so PBI
checking SBI and :
w = I -
ZG t 1.5 Q
= I -
2 CO 2957 )-
+
I -511 5) -
= 2.6048
FBD
④ Ray RBY
l
l
IM
+
TEE = O
,
Ray t
RBY
-
I ( 2.6048 ) =
O
T
Ray =
RBY = I -
3024 UN
PBI :
supports the ends of SBI and unit self weight
FBD :
1.3024kW
" Nlm
2.6084
Hmmm W=
→ 0.0352kW
SFD BMD
1.354N
'
W
"
et W
N' IV.
' '
N L L
N
l -35kW
PLZ thy
Mmax =
=
2.608€12) t
0.03522×22
4 8
= 1.33 KNM
Check for
yielding :
O
MI T sryield
=
c
+
M- C 17000
±
( 133 ) ( 0.0857 c 17000
#
( Tz x 0.035×0.193 )
O =
I
A
=
5.1×1-03
(0.035×0.19)
- 0.0352kW 'M
l l
2M
O -
0352 × 2 =
0.0704 kN
2. 6084 t O -
0352 = 2 - 1036
PG 17/17
S =
PI
48EI
3
= (2 -
1306 ) (2)
(48 ) 4×109 ) ( Tze 0.045×0-193 )
I 97 3M
-
= .
X (O
=
1.97mm .
'
Axial Forces:
The axial forces presented in SkyCiv are equal to the axial forces calculated
by hand. Therefore the hand calculations are verified.
Wall Calculation (Portal Method)
2 – Roof Truss
From earlier in the report:
The total length of the above members comes to 17.48m. As there are a total of 5 of these
trusses present in the roof, the total length used comes to 87.4m Using the 90mm x 45mm
members which cost $4.44 / m , the total cost comes to $388.06.
Material Cost Amount Used Total Cost
90mm x 45mm MGP10 4.44 ($/m) 87.4 m $388.06
3 – Roof Beams
The highlighted sections of the
roof structure will not bear very
much load, but are there for
stability and should be included in
the cost summary. As can be seen
in the scale, each beam is 8m long
and there are 3 of them. 24m of
90mm x 45mm timber will be
used, for a cost of $106.56.
The roof should have an overhang of 30cm on each edge, so the 8m length will be treated as
8.6m to account for 30cm of excess on each end, and the hypotenuse value in the roof
triangle of 3.162m will be treated as 3.462m. This rectangular shape will need to be doubled
to create the same shape for each side of the roof. A 8.6*3.462*2 = 59.5m^2 . At a cost of
$19.16 per m^2, the total cost is $1,141
The red highlighted members make up the structure of the walls. The horizontal top rectangle
has a total length of 28m. There are also 14 2.5m vertical members, which bring the total
length to 63m. 90mm x 45mm timber is used, which will have a total cost of $279.72
Material Cost Amount Used Total Cost
90mm x 45mm MGP10 4.44 ($/m) 63 m $279.72
6 – Wall Surface
Similar to the roof, the walls need a surface for the structure to be useful. The same
COLORBOND Steel will be used for this purpose. Gaps for doors and windows are not going
to be considered for this section. The 4 rectangular sides of the structure have a simply
calculated area of 70 m^2. The two triangles in the roof have a combined area of 6 m^2,
bringing the total area to 76 m^2. At a cost of $19.16 per m^2, the total cost is
Material Cost Amount Used Total Cost
COLORBOND Steel 19.16 ($/m^2) 70 m^2 $1,456.16
Summary:
Section Material Cost Amount Used Total Cost
Floor Floorboard 19 ($/m) 370 m $7030
Floor 90mm x 45mm MGP10 4.44 ($/m) 128 m $568.32
Floor 190mm x 35mm 8.59 ($/m) 24 m $206.16
MGP10
Floor Stilt $500 (each) 33 $16500
Roof Truss 90mm x 45mm MGP10 4.44 ($/m) 87.4 m $388.06
Roof Beams 90mm x 45mm MGP10 4.44 ($/m) 24 m $106.56
Roof COLORBOND Steel 19.16 59.5 m^2 $1,141
Surface ($/m^2)
Walls 90mm x 45mm MGP10 4.44 ($/m) 63 m $279.72
Wall COLORBOND Steel 19.16 70 m^2 $1,456.16
Surface ($/m^2)