UNIT 2

INSTRUCTION AND MANUAL

A. Mind Idea Microscope

Paragraph 1 : Before use of the microscope it was better to consult a manufactures manual.
Paragraph 2 : Sinces it is not possible to be explicit about the operation of all.
Paragrap 3 : Remember that pressuriszed mercury arc lamp is lite rally a potential bomb.
Paragraph 4 : The mercury arc lamp has unfiltered light rich in ultraviolet and infrared light
that can damage the eye.
Paragraph 5 : The function of the barrier fillter is to prevent direct exposure to the ultraviolet.
Use of the Microscope
Before the use a microscope it was better to consult a manufacture manual. although in
different brands, the working principle remains the same, it's just that the operation is different.
since it is impossible to be explicit about all operations. at this stage of operation to
mineralize.
Remember that a pressurized mercury arc lamp is a rally light that has the potential to become
a bomb. even though the design on the tool is created with good accuracy, it is certain that there will
be no injury. but keep in mind that do not try to check the lamp when it is hot because when it is hot
the pressure increases to 112 pounds per inch. Let it cool completely before opening up the lamp.
Usuaslly 15 to 20 minutes.
Mercury arc lamps have unfiltered light which is rich in ultraviolet and infrared rays which
can damage the eyes, and remember never to look directly at the light exposure of mercury arc lamps
as this can cause eye damage
The function of barrier fillter is to prevent direct exposure to ultraviolet, namely for a barrier
from direct exposure to the object under the microscope in order not to be directly exposed to the eye.

B. Resume Paragraph
in paragraph one describes how before using a microscope properly, in paragraph two discusses the
differences from operating a microscope, in paragraph three describes the rules and warnings when
operating a mercury arc lamp, for the fourth paragraph describes the risks if the eye is exposed to
ultraviolet light, and in The fifth paragraph describes the function of the barrier filter.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above
1. What is the first thing to do before using a microscope?
- By consulting with the manufacture manual before using the microscope and asking
how they are operating.

2. In what way do microsopes differ?

- The difference in the microscope can be seen from the brand and may differ
considerably in the fine points of operation.
3. What is a likely hazard of wrong handling of mercury arc lamp?
 - eye injury will occur due to exposure to ultraviolet light
- the hand was exposed to the hot surface of the arc lamp

4. What is the cause of the hazard?

- . Immediately open your eyes when dealing directly with an arc lamp
- 2. Do not install barrier filters on the microscope
- 3. Directly hold and open the arc lamp when it is hot
5. What is the risk of removing the barrier filter?
- eye injury will occur because the eye looks directly at the bottom and is exposed
to ultraviolet light.
Make a questions :
6. How many minutes do we wait for the cooling of the mercury arc lamp?
- Usually, 15 to 20 minutes of cooling time is sufficient.
7. why shouldn't we open mercury arc lamp housings in hot conditions ?
- since the hot mercury arc lamp will increase the pressure by eight atmospheres.
8. why should we attach barrier filters to microscopes ?
- to prevent traces of ultraviolet.

D. Main idea Thermometer

- Parangraph 1 : The most common type is the mercury-in-glass thermometer.

- Paragraf 2 : A mercury-in-glass thermometer is supplied with the Temperature Measurement
Bench due to its stable and accurate performance.
The Liquid Filled Thermometer
The most common type is the mercury-in-glass thermometer. Mercury thermometer is a type
of thermometer that is often used by ordinary people. Mercury is used in thermometer temperature
measuring instruments because the coefficient of expansion can be fairly constant so that changes in
volume due to an increase or decrease in temperature are almost always the same. This tool consists
of a capillary tube that uses a glass material with Mercury at the lower end. For measurement
purposes, this pipe is made in such a way that it is vacuum. If the temperature increases, Mercury will
expand upward towards the pipe and provide a clue about the temperature around the gauge according
to a predetermined scale.
For accurate temperature measurements using a liquid-filled thermometer, it is important that
the thermometer is immersed in the correct amount of the measured medium. Until now, the above
calibration points are still used to find the average Celsius scale on the Mercury Thermometer. These
points cannot be used as an accurate calibration method because boiling and freezing points vary with
pressure.
How Mercury Thermometer Works:
 The mercury thermometer has several flow in its work, the way it works in a mercury
thermometer is as follows:
1. Before the change in temperature, the volume of Mercury is in its initial state.
2. Changes in ambient temperature around the thermometer to which Mercury responds with
changes in volume.
3. The volume of mercury will expand as the temperature increases and will decrease as the
temperature decreases.

E. Answer the following questions based on the text above

Answer these questions based on the above text

1. How does this thermometer work? Explain briefly.
-the thermometer is immersed in the measured medium with the correct amount. The
immersion depth is usually stated on the thermometer shaft and determines the conditions
for maintaining the calibration. The immersion depth may be partial or total and absent
over the fill or range.

2. What strengths does this thermometer have?

- A mercury-in-glass thermometer is supplied with the Temperature Measurement Bench due
to its stable and accurate performance

3. What is the weakness of this instrument?

- This type of thermometer should not be used in applications such as the food industry where
mercury poisoning can occur in the event of a breakdown.

4. When can we use alcohol to replace mercury?

- when alcohol is cheaper and can be used at a lower temperature than mercury

5. Does the depth of immersion influence the result of the measurement?

- yes.

6. How does a mercury thermometer work ?

- 1. Before the change in temperature, the volume of Mercury is in its initial state.
- 2. Changes in ambient temperature around the thermometer to which Mercury
responds with changes in volume.
- 3. The volume of mercury will expand as the temperature increases and will
decrease as the temperature decreases.
7. Why mercury is used in thermometer temperature gauges ?
- measuring instruments because the coefficient of expansion can be fairly constant
so that changes in volume due to an increase or decrease in temperature are almost
always the same.
8. What happens if the temperature increases on the thermometer ?
- If the temperature increases, Mercury will expand upward towards the pipe and
provide a clue about the temperature around the gauge according to a
predetermined scale.
9. What happens when on the thermometer when the temperature increases ?
- The volume of mercury expands as the temperature increases
10. What is the function of the calibration point ?
 - used to find the Celsius average scale on a Mercury Thermometer.

F. Resume paragraph Thermometer

in the first paragraph explains what a mercury thermometer is, and explains how to measure
the correct thermometer in the second paragraph describes how the thermometer works

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

Equip Equipment equipable X
Expose Exposure Exposable X
Direct Direction Direct Directly
Damage Damager Damaging X
Exercise Exerciser Exercised X
Stabilize Stabilization Stable Stably
Deepen Depth X Deeply

Attempt Attempt Attempted X

Apply Application Applied X

Example :
1. Equip : Other quorum members could help gather needed tools and supplies to equip the
new shop.
Equipment : If equipment is functioning properly, indications are an animal life form.
Equipable : Each character has several types of equipable weapons.
2. Expose : Already, those weaknesses have been exposed a time or two.
Exposure : owever, Rupprecht cautioned, human exposure to rabies is common.
Exposable : It's difficult to see exposable in a sentence
3. Direct : The early ones were direct-marketing tools, products.
Direction : We spray in every direction, like germs from a sneeze.
Direct : We cut out the middle man and bought direct in volume,
4. Damage : Pathological changes occur as the body attempts to repair the damaged
cartilage.
Damager : The Mishnah required that a damager compensates for damage done out of
the damager's best quality property.
Damaging : they damaging the existing equipment in the lobby
5. Exercise : My students spend more time exercising their wallets than their minds.
Exerciser : Most rigorous exercisers have a system in place to maintain their energy.
Exercised : Thirty percent say they hadn't exercised the previous week.
6. Stabilize : Before you can perform surgery you need to stabilize the patient.
Stabilization : Perhaps member countries could be interested in a stabilization loan fund.
Stable : With stable babies and stable parents, it should be tried.
Stably : It is not stably associated with polysomes or ribosomal subunits.
7. Deepen : The new study deepens the mystery of the ancient ice ages.
Depth : He is a senior defensive end deep on the depth chart.
Deeply : It is not exactly a momentous matter, but deeply interesting
8. Attempt : Her doctor had to make several attempts to remove the implants.
Attempt : Often there is an attempt to mediate between the two worlds.
Attempted : It worked flawlessly until the operating-system upgrade was attempted.
9. Apply : Now simply apply the included neutralizer and the odor is gone.
Application : The number of applications supporting a math coprocessor are very rare.
Applied : The cement is applied to both surfaces and allowed to dry.