CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEVANG PATEL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

Information Technology

Subject Name: Object Oriented Programming with C++

Semester: II
Subject Code: CE144
Academic year: 2020-21

Practical List
No. Aim of the Practical

1. Write a C++ program that will print output in the following form. Make sure your output looks exactly
as shown here (including spacing, line breaks, punctuation, and the title and author). Use cout and cin
objects and endl manipulator.
******************************
* Programmimg Assignment 1 *
* Computer Programmimg I *
* Author : ??? *
* Due Date: Thursday, Dec. 20 *
******************************

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
cout<<"******************************\n* Programmimg Assignment 1 *\n* C
omputer Programmimg I *\n* Author : ??? *\n* Due Date: Thur
sday, Dec. 20 *\n******************************";

return 0;
}

In This program I learned How to use cout , \n , And endl;

Que 2 : Write a program to create the following table.

Use endl and setw manipulator
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cout << "Enter the number: ";
cin >> n;
for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++)
{

for(int z = 1; z <= n; z++)

{
cout << "-----";
}
cout << "-";
cout << endl;
cout << "|";
for(int j = 1; j<=n; j++)
{
cout << setw(3);
cout << i*j <<" |" ;
}
cout << endl ;
}
for(int z = 1; z <= n; z++)
{
cout << "-----";
}
cout << "-";

In The program I learned setw .setw is used for set the width in output

Que 3 : Write a C++ program to add two floating numbers using pointer. The resultshould
contain only two digits after the decimal. Use fixed, scientific and setprecision ()
manipulators for controlling the precision of floating point numbers.

#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float a,b,*p,*q;
cout<<"Enter Two Float Number \n1 : ";
cin>>a;
cout<<"2 : ";
cin>>b;
p = &a;
q = &b;
cout<<"Setprecision Sum Fixed scient
ific "<<endl;
cout<<" 1 "<<setw(15)<<setprecision(1)<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<
<fixed<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<<scientific<<*p+*q<<endl;
cout<<" 2 "<<setw(15)<<setprecision(2)<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<
<fixed<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<<scientific<<*p+*q<<endl;
cout<<" 3 "<<setw(15)<<setprecision(3)<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<
<fixed<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<<scientific<<*p+*q<<endl;
cout<<" 4 "<<setw(15)<<setprecision(4)<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<
<fixed<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<<scientific<<*p+*q<<endl;
cout<<" 5 "<<setw(15)<<setprecision(5)<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<
<fixed<<*p+*q<<" "<<setw(15)<<scientific<<*p+*q<<endl;

return 0;
}

The use of set precision method to format the output of the floating point
output using fixed and scientific notations for the significant figures after
a decimal point is also learned.

Que 4 : Write a C++ program to find out sum of array element using Recursion. Question:
Show stepwise solution of winding and unwinding phase of recursion

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int num;
int sum(int arr[])
{
if (num == 0)
{
return 0;
}
num--;
 return arr[num] + sum(arr);
}
int main()
{
cout << "\n\nHow Many Number You Want To Enter : ";
cin >> num;
int arr[num];
cout<<"\n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cout <<"arr["<< i + 1 << "] : ";
cin >> arr[i];
}
cout<<"\nSum Of Array : "<<sum(arr);
return 0;
}

In this program I learned Recursion.

Que 5 : Find error in the following code and give reasons for each error :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int no1 = 10, no2 = 12;
int &x = no1;
// Error :-
//int &r; // r is declared as reference but not initialized.
// int &c = NULL; // we can not store NULL in &c.
//int &d[2] = {no1 , no2};// we can not make reference array
cout << "\nx = " << x + 20;
cout << "\nno1 = " << no1 + 10;
return 0;
}

• Can we declare an array of references?

 Ans : We cannot point reference variable to an array because array elements always
point to an index address.

• Can we assign NULL value to reference variable?

Ans : No , Because Reference variable store address and Null is a Not a valid
address.

• Is Reference variable a pointer variable?

Ans : No, it can’t be pointer because reference variable can be referenced by pass by
value. References are used to refer an existing variable.

• Can we declare a reference variable without initializing it?

Ans : No , It’s Mandatory to be initialized a reference variable.

• Does Reference Variable change the original value of variable?

Ans : Yes, Reference Variable changes the original Value & used to modify original
data.

Que 6 : Find output of the following code: Explain how scope Resolution operator is used
to access global version of a variable.

#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;
int m = 30;
int main(){
int m = 20;
{
int m = 10;
cout <<"we are in inner block"<< endl;
cout <<"value of m ="<< m <<"\n";
cout <<"value of ::m ="<< ::m <<"\n";
}
cout <<"we are in outer block"<< endl;
cout <<"value of m ="<< m <<"\n";
cout <<"value of ::m ="<< ::m <<"\n";

return 0;
}
we have study that if the global variable name is same as local variable
name, the scope resolution operator will be used to call the global variable. It is also used to
define a function outside the class and used to access the static variable of class.
Que 7: Write a program to enter a size of array. Create an array of size given by user
using “new” Dynamic memory management operator (free store operator). Enter the data to
store in array and display the data after adding 2 to each element in the array. Delete the
array by using “delete” memory management operator.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<"Enter Total Number : ";
cin>>n;
int *arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout<<i+1<<" : ";
cin>>arr[i];
}
cout<<"\nBefore Adding :: \n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout<<arr[i]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\nAfter Adding :: \n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout<<arr[i]+2<<" ";
}
delete[] arr;

return 0;
}
Memory that is dynamically allocated using the new operator can be
freed using the delete operator. The delete operator calls the operator delete function, which
frees memory back to the available pool.

Que 8: Find Error in the following code of a program and give explanation why these
errors exist.
8 a ::
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int var1 = 35, var2 = 20;
 int *const ptr = &var1;
// ptr = &var2; //The pointer cannot be assigned the constant value twice
cout << "var1= " << *ptr;
return 0;}
8 b ::
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int var1 = 43;
const int *ptr = &var1;
// *ptr = 1;// the value of pointer can't be assign twice
var1 = 34;
cout << "var1 = " << *ptr;
return 0;
}
//constant variable cannot be initializied by any constant

8 c ::
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int var1 = 0, var2 = 0;
const int *const ptr = &var1;
// *ptr = 1; //The pointer cannot be assigned the constant value twice
// ptr = &var2;
cout << "Var1 = " << *ptr;
return 0;
}

In this practical we studied that we cannot assign another variable

address to constant pointer variable, A const pointer always points to the same address, and
this address cannot be changed. A constant pointer to constant is a pointer that can neither
change the address its pointing to and nor it can change the value kept at that address

Que 9: Find the output of following program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
bool a = 321, b;
cout << "Bool a Contains : " << a << endl;
int c = true;
int d = false;
cout << "c = " << c << endl << "d = " << d;
c = a + a;
cout << "\nInteger c contain : " << c;
b = c + a;
cout << "\nBool b contain : " << b;
return 0;
}
A Boolean data type is defined using bool. Usually , 1(true) and
2(false) are assigned to Boolean variable as their default numerical values.

Que 10: Define three functions named divide (). First function takes numerator and
denominator as an input argument and checks it’s divisible or not, second function takes one
int number as input argument and checks whether the number is prime or not and Third
function takes 3 float number as argument and finds out average of the numbers. Use
concept of Function Overloading / static binding.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void divide(int n, int d)
{
if (n % d == 0)
{
cout << "It is divisible\n"
<< n << " / " << d << " = " << n / d;
}
else
{
cout << "\nIt is Not Divisible\n";
}
}
void divide(int num)
{
int i, m = 0, flag = 0;
m = num / 2;
for (i = 2; i <= m; i++)
{
if (num % i == 0)
 {
cout << "\nNumber is not Prime." << endl;
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
cout <<"\nNumber is Prime." << endl;
}
void divide(float a, float b , float c)
{
cout<<"\nAverage Sum : "<<(a+b+c)/3<<endl;
}
int main()
{
int casenum;
cout<<"\n1. Check Prime Number\n2. Check Two Number Divisble Or Not\n3. Av
erage of 3 Number\nEnter Your choice : ";
cin>>casenum;
switch (casenum)
{
case 1:
int num;
cout<<"\nEnter A Integer Number : ";
cin>>num;
divide(num);
break;
case 2:
int num1 , num2;
cout<<"\nEnter a Numerator Number : ";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Enter a Denominator Number : ";
cin>>num2;
divide(num1,num2);
break;
case 3:
float num3,num4,num5;
cout<<"\nEnter Three Number :: \n";
cout<<"1 : ";
cin>>num3;
cout<<"2 : ";
cin>>num4;
cout<<"3 : ";
cin>>num5;
divide(num3,num4,num5);
break;
}
return 0;
}
In this practical we studied that Function overloading is a programming
concept that allows programmers to define two or more functions with the same name and in
the same scope.

Que 11: Write a function called tonLarge() that takes two integer arguments call by
reference and then sets the larger of the two numbers to 100 using Return by reference.
Write a main() program to exercise this function.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void tonLarge(int *a , int* b){
if (*a > *b)
{
*a = 100;
}
else
{
*b = 100;
}

}
int main(){
int num1,num2;
cout<<"Enter Frist Number : ";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Enter Second Number : ";
cin>>num2;
tonLarge(&num1,&num2);
cout<<"Number 1 : "<<num1<<endl;
cout<<"Number 2 : "<<num2<<endl;
return 0;
}
In this practical we studies that the call by reference method of passing
arguments to a function copies the reference of an argument into the formal parameter.

Que 12: Write a function called power () that takes two arguments: a double value for n
and an int for p, and returns the result as double value. Use default argument of 2 for p, so
that if this argument is omitted, the number will be squared. Write a main () function that gets
values from the user to test this function.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int power(double n, int p)
{
double num = n;
for (int i = 1; i < p; i++)
{
n = n * num;
}
return n;
}
int power(double n)
{
int p = 2;
double num = n;
for (int i = 1; i < p; i++)
{
n = n * num;
}
return n;
}
int main()
{
int p;
double n, num;
cout << "Enter Base Number : ";
cin >> n;
cout << "Enter The Power : ";
cin >> p;
if (p == 0)
{
cout <<"Ans : "<< power(n);
}
else
{
cout <<"Ans : "<< power(n, p);
}
return 0;
}

In this practical we learned function is call from it’s parameter .

Que 13: Define a C++ Structure Rectangle with data member’s width and height. It has
get_values() member functions to get the data from user and area() member functions to
print the area of rectangle. Also create a C++ Class for the above program. Define both
functions inside the class. Member function defined inside the class behaves like an inline
function and illustrate the difference between C++ Structure and C++ Class.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Rectangle
{
float width,height,area;
void get_value()
{
cout<<"Enter the width :";
cin>>width;
cout<<"Enter the height :";
cin>>height;
}
void area1()
{
area = width*height;
cout<<"Area of Rectangle is :"<<area;
}
}t;
int main()
{
Rectangle t;

t.get_value();
t.area1();
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class rectangle{
int height,width;
public:
void get_valeus(int a, int b){
height = a;
width = b;
}
void area(){
cout<<"\n\nArea Of Rectancle : "<<height*width<<endl;
}
};
int main(){
class rectangle r1;
int a,b;
cout<<"\n\nEnter Height of rectangle : ";
cin>>a;
cout<<"\nEnter Width of rectangle : ";
cin>>b;
 r1.get_valeus(a,b);
r1.area();
return 0;
}
n this practical we learned what is the difference between structure and
class.

Que 14: Write a C++ program having class Batsman. It has private data members:
batsman name, bcode (4 Digit Code Number), innings, not out, runs, batting average.
Innings, not out and runs are in integer and batting average is in float.Define following
function outside the class using scope resolution operator. 1) Public member function
getdata()to read values of data members. 2) Public member function putdata()to display
values of data members. 3) Private member function calcavg() which calculates the batting
average of a batsman. Also make this outside function inline. Hint : batting average =
runs/(innings - notout)

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class batsman
{
int Innings, notout, runs, bcode;
float battingaverage;
string name;
void calcavg()
{
battingaverage = (float)runs / (Innings - notout);
}

public:
void getdata(int a, int b, int c, int d, string name1);
void putdata();
};
void batsman ::getdata(int a, int b, int c, int d, string name1)
{
Innings = a;
notout = b;
runs = c;
bcode = d;
name = name1;
calcavg();
}
void batsman ::putdata()
{
cout << "\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------";
cout << "\n\n :: Player detail :: \n\n";
 cout << " Name : " << name << endl;
cout << " B Code : " << bcode << endl;
cout << " Innings : " << Innings << endl;
cout << " Not Out : " << notout << endl;
cout << " Runs : " << runs << endl;
cout << " Batting Average : " << battingaverage << endl;
}
int main()
{
class batsman player;
string name;
int a, b, c, d;
cout << "\n\nName : ";
cin >> name;
cout << "B Code : ";
cin >> d;
cout << "Innings : ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Not Out : ";
cin >> b;
cout << "Runs : ";
cin >> c;
player.getdata(a, b, c, d, name);
player.putdata();
return 0;
}
In this practical we learned how to make private member function and
we have to call it from another member function which is publicly defined.

Que 15: Define class Currency having two integer data members rupee and paisa. A
class has member functions enter() to get the data and show() to print the amount in 22.50
format. Define one member function sum() that adds two objects of the class and stores
answer in the third object i.e. c3=c1.sum (c2). The second member function should add two
objects of type currency passed as arguments such that it supports c3.add(c1,c2); where c1,
c2 and c3 are objects of class Currency. Also Validate your answer if paisa >100. Write a
main( )program to test all the functions. Use concepts of Object as Function Arguments,
function returning object and function overloading.

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Currency
{
public:
int rupee;
int paisa;
 float amt;
void enter()
{
cout<<"Enter currency in Rupee: ";
cin>>rupee;
cout<<"Enter currency in Paise: ";
cin>>paisa;
}
void show()
{
if(paisa>=100)
{
rupee = rupee + paisa/100;
paisa = paisa%100;
}
amt = rupee + (float)paisa/100;
cout<<"Amount : "<<setprecision(2)<<fixed<<amt<<endl;
}
Currency sum(Currency ob)
{
Currency t;
t.rupee = rupee + ob.rupee;
t.paisa = paisa + ob.paisa;
return t;
}
void add(Currency ob1, Currency ob2)
{
Currency t;
t.rupee = ob1.rupee + ob2.rupee;
t.paisa = ob1.rupee + ob2.paisa;
}
};

int main()
{
Currency c1;
Currency c2;
Currency c3;
c1.enter();
c2.enter();
c3=c1.sum(c2);
c3.add(c1,c2);
c3.show();
return 0;
}
In this practical we learned how to get the sum of two different objects
which are entered by the user.
Que 16: Define a class Dist with int feet and float inches. Define member function that
displays distance in 1’-2.5” format. Also define member function scale ( ) function that takes
object by reference and scale factor in float as an input argument. The function will scale the
distance accordingly. For example, 20’-5.5” and Scale Factor is 0.5 then answer is 10’-2.75”

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
class dist
{
float inches;
float feet;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"ENTER THE FEET : ";
cin>>feet;
cout<<"ENTER THE INCHES : ";
cin>>inches;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<feet<<"'"<<inches<<"''";
}
void scale(dist &a,float b)
{
a.feet*=b;
a.inches*=b;
}
};
int main()
{
dist d1;
float f;
d1.getdata();
cout<<"ENTER SCALE VALUE : ";
cin>>f;
d1.scale(d1,f);
d1.putdata();
}
In this practical we learned how to call parameterised function for
objects
Que 17: Create a Class Gate for students appearing in Gate (Graduate Aptitude test for
Engineering) exam. There are three examination center Vadodara, Surat, and Ahmedabad
where Gate exams are conducted. A class has data members: Registration number, Name
of student, Examination center. Class also Contains static data member ECV_Cnt, ECS_Cnt
and ECA_Cnt which counts the number of students in Vadodara, Surat and Ahmedabad
exam center respectively. Class Contains two Member function getdata () which gets all
information of students and counts total students in each exam center and pudata () which
prints all information about the students. Class also contains one static member function
getcount () which displays the total number of students in each examination center. Write a
program for 5 students and display the total number of students in each examination center.
Use static data member, static member function and Array of Objects.

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Gate
{
public:
int regn;
string name;
string examcenter;
static int ECV_Cnt;
static int ECS_Cnt;
static int ECA_Cnt;
void getdata()
{
int c;
cout<<"Enter the name of student : ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter registration number : ";
cin>>regn;
cout<<"Examination center : \n1.Vadodara\n2.Surat\n3.Ahmedabad\nEnter you choice : ";
cin>>c;
switch(c)
{
case 1:
examcenter = "Vadodara";
ECV_Cnt++;
break;
case 2:
examcenter = "Surat";
ECS_Cnt++;
break;
case 3:
examcenter = "Ahmedabad";
ECA_Cnt++;
break;
 default:
cout<<"Wrong Choice!";
}
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"Name of student : "<<name<<endl;
cout<<"Registration No. : "<<regn<<endl;
cout<<"Examination Center : "<<examcenter<<endl;
}
static void getcount()
{
cout<<"Total no.of students in Examination Center\nVadodara : "<<ECV_Cnt<<"\nSurat : "<
<ECS_Cnt<<"\nAhmedabad : "<<ECA_Cnt;
}
};
int Gate::ECV_Cnt=0;
int Gate::ECS_Cnt=0;
int Gate::ECA_Cnt=0;

int main()
{
Gate students[5];
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{
students[i].getdata();
}
cout<<"\n\n";

for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{
students[i].putdata();
cout<<"\n";
}
Gate::getcount();
return 0;
}

In this practical we learned about Static member function and static

data member.

Que 18: Define a class Fahrenheit with float temp as data member. Define another class
Celsius with float temperature as data member. Both classes have member functions to
input and print data. Write a non-member function that receives objects of both the classes
and declare which one is higher than another according to their values. Also define main() to
test the function. Define all member functions outside the class. (Formula for converting
Celsius to Fahrenheit is F = (9C/5) + 32). Use the concept of friend function.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Fahrenheit;
class Celsius
{
public:
float temperature;
void input()
{
cout<<"Enter temperature in Celsius : ";
cin>>temperature;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"Temperature in C : "<<temperature<<endl;
}
friend void compare(Fahrenheit f, Celsius c);
};
class Fahrenheit
{
public:
float temp;
void input()
{
cout<<"Enter temperature in Fahrenheit : ";
cin>>temp;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"Temperature in F : "<<temp<<endl;
}
friend void compare(Fahrenheit , Celsius );
};
void compare(Fahrenheit f, Celsius c)
{
float ftemp;
ftemp = ((9.0*c.temperature)/5.0)+32;
if(f.temp > ftemp)
cout<<"Fahrenheit has higher temperature.";
else if(f.temp < ftemp)
cout<<"Celsius has higher temperature.";
else
cout<<"Fahrenheit and Celsius have same temperature.";
}
int main()
{
Fahrenheit ft;
Celsius ct;
ft.input();
ct.input();
ft.display();
ct.display();
compare(ft,ct);

return 0;
}

In this practical we learned how to make friend functions for different

classes.