Basis Cranii

Basis Cranii
 CLASSIFICATION

Anterior Skull • Posterior frontal sinus, roof of ethmoid,

cribriform, and orbital roof, sphenoid
Base Fracture bone

Middle Skull • Temporal bone

Base Fracture

Posterior Skull • Clivus occipital, condylus occipital

Base Fracture
 Clinical sign :
• Presentation with anterior cranial fossa fractures is with CSF rhinorrhea
and bruising around the eyes "raccoon eyes."

• Patients with fractures of the petrous temporal bone present with CSF
otorrhea and bruising over the mastoids “Battle sign. “

• Longitudinal temporal bone fractures result in ossicular chain disruption

and conductive deafness of greater than 30 dB that lasts longer than 6-7
weeks.
• Transverse temporal bone fractures involve the VIII cranial nerve and the
labyrinth, resulting in nystagmus, ataxia, and permanent neural hearing
loss.

• Occipital condylar fracture is a very rare and serious injury. Most of the
patients are in a coma and have other associated cervical spinal injuries.
These patients may also present with other lower cranial nerve injuries
and quadriplegia.
 Halo Sign
(Ring sign/Target sign)

• Tanda CSF leak:

– Glucose (+)
– Halo sign (+)
– Beta-2-transferrin (+)  highly specific to CSF, not present
in plasma, nasal secretion, tear, saliva, or other fluid.