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7s92 06011 1300 CSR 001 r0 Fire Gas Detector Mapping Report
7s92 06011 1300 CSR 001 r0 Fire Gas Detector Mapping Report
50696
CONFIDENTIAL - ECCN EAR 99
by
Prosad Roy
Anand Iyer
This document is made available subject to the condition that the recipient will neither use nor disclose the contents except as agreed in
writing with the copyright owner. Copyright is vested in Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague.
Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner.
Shell Global Solutions is a trading style used by a network of technology companies of the Shell Group.
Document History
Date Issue Reason for Change Author Approved by
29/04/2010 Rev 0 Draft for Comment Prosad Roy Robert Nicol
Summary
Fire & Gas Detector Mapping (FGDM) has been carried out for PTTLNG Jetty Development
and LNG Receiving Terminal Project. The review was carried out by Shell Global Solutions.
The recommended detector layouts include 3-D detector location coordinates and detection
coverage maps for each of the modelled areas.
Table 1 below summarises the detector numbers, both as-built and improved for each zone.
Table of Contents
Document History 1
Summary 3
Glossary of Terms 7
1. Introduction & Background 8
2. Summary & Recommendations 9
2.1 Summary 9
2.2 Recommendations 9
3. Purpose, Role, Objective & Scope 10
3.1 Overall Purpose 10
3.1 Role 10
3.2 Objective 10
3.2.1 Limitations of this Study 11
4. Target Detection Performance (TDP) for FGDM 12
4.1.1 Target Detection Coverage 12
4.1.2 Target Detection Objectives 12
4.1.2.1 Flammable Gas Detection Objective (FGDO) 12
4.1.2.2 FDO – Fire Detection Objective 12
5. Fixed Detection Voting & Technologies 13
5.1 Detector Voting Logic 13
5.2 Detector Types 13
6. F&G Hazards Identification 14
6.1 Flame Detection Mapping 14
6.2 Flammable Gas Detection Mapping 15
7. F&G Mapping Results 18
7.1 Flame Detection Mapping 18
7.1.1 Berth #1 18
7.1.1.1 Existing 18
7.1.1.2 Optimised 19
7.1.2 Berth#1 Impoundment Pit 20
7.1.2.1 Existing 20
7.1.2.2 Optimised 22
7.1.3 Truck Loading Area 23
7.1.3.1 Existing 23
7.1.3.2 Optimised 24
7.1.4 Tanks 24
7.1.4.1 T1A Existing 24
7.1.4.2 T1B Existing 25
7.1.4.3 T1A Optimised 27
7.1.4.4 T1B Optimised 28
7.1.4.5 T2A Existing 29
7.1.4.6 T2B Existing 29
7.1.4.7 T2A Optimised 31
7.1.4.8 T2B Optimised 31
7.1.5 LNG Drain Pump 32
7.1.5.1 Existing 32
7.1.5.2 Optimised 33
7.1.6 HP LNG Pumps 34
7.1.6.1 Existing 34
7.1.6.2 Optimised 36
7.1.7 LNG Impoundment Pit 36
7.1.7.1 Existing 36
7.1.7.2 Optimised 37
7.1.8 Metering Station 38
7.1.8.1 Existing 38
7.1.8.2 Optimised 40
7.1.9 Fuel Gas Heater 41
7.1.9.1 Existing 41
7.1.9.2 Optimised 41
7.1.10 Diesel Fuel Tank 42
7.1.10.1 Existing 42
7.1.10.2 Optimised 43
7.1.11 BOG Compressor 44
7.1.11.1 Existing 44
7.1.11.2 Optimised 46
7.1.12 Open Rack Vaporizer 46
7.1.12.1 Existing 46
7.1.12.2 Optimised 47
7.1.13 BOG Recondenser 47
7.1.13.1 Existing 47
7.1.13.2 Optimised 48
7.1.14 Emergency Power Generation Unit 50
7.1.14.1 Existing 50
7.1.14.2 Optimised 51
7.1.15 Yard Transformer Area 52
7.1.15.1 Existing 52
7.1.15.2 Optimised 53
7.2 Flammable Gas Detection Mapping 53
7.2.1 Berth #1 Impoundment Pit 53
7.2.1.1 Existing 53
7.2.1.2 Optimised 54
7.2.2 Berth #1 54
7.2.2.1 Existing 54
7.2.2.2 Optimized 55
7.2.3 Truck Loading Area 56
7.2.3.1 Existing 56
7.2.3.2 Optimised 57
7.2.4 Tanks 59
7.2.4.1 T1A Existing 59
7.2.4.2 T1B Existing 59
7.2.4.3 T2A Existing 59
7.2.4.4 T2B Existing 59
7.2.5 LNG Drain Pumps 59
7.2.5.1 Existing 59
7.2.5.2 Optimised 60
7.2.6 HP LNG Pumps 61
7.2.6.1 Existing 61
7.2.6.2 Optimized 62
7.2.7 Open Rack Vaporizer 62
7.2.7.1 Existing 62
7.2.8 LNG Impoundment Pit 62
7.2.8.1 Existing 62
7.2.8.2 Optimised 63
7.2.9 Metering Station 65
7.2.9.1 Existing 65
7.2.9.2 Optimised 66
7.2.10 Fuel Gas Heater 67
7.2.10.1 Existing 67
7.2.10.2 Optimised 69
Glossary of Terms
The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout this report, and for the purposes
of this report, are defined as follows:
Detection The quantifiable criteria or set of goals against which success can be
objectives measured for detection. In terms of fire and gas detection this includes the
size of fire and the shape and size of gas clouds to be detected.
FGDM Fire & Gas Detection Mapping - Analysis technique for determining the
volume coverage using 3D models, geometric-based ray-tracing and
dispersion modelling techniques.
Flame The detection of flaming fires using optical methods – e.g. Infrared (IR),
Detection Ultraviolet (UV) or UV/IR (detectors that employ a combination of IR and UV
technologies).
LEL (or LFL) Lower Explosive Limit (or Lower Flammable Limit) - the lowest
concentration of a substance that will produce a fire or flash when an
ignition source (flame, spark, etc.) is present. It is expressed in percent of
vapour or gas in the air by volume.
Voting Logic applied to recognising an alarm event and triggering executive action
Strategy using the combined signals from an array of detectors
1ooN Voting strategy where one out of an array of N detectors is used to signal
an event.
2ooN Voting strategy where two out of an array of N detectors are used to signal
an event.
PTTLNG Jetty Development and LNG Receiving Terminal as part of the on-going
development have requested Shell Global Solutions, Process Automation Control &
Optimization (PACO) to review the performance of the existing fire and gas detection
systems installed.
This report covers the fire and gas detection mapping study for these facilities.
The aim of the study was to assess the adequacy of the existing fire and gas detection
against agreed detection performance requirements, and provide recommendations for
improvement where shortfalls are found.
• FGDM has been carried out for the identified detection areas with resulting detector
layouts that are matched appropriately to the facility hazards.
• Detection layouts are recommended that achieve the agreed target detection
performance for FGDM.
• Suitable detector types are recommended, based on evaluation, and testing.
2.2 Recommendations
The key purpose or objective of the FGS is to help mitigate hazardous events such as fire or
loss of containment by performing three basic functions:
3.1 Role
The role of FGD, as a subset of the FGS, is to provide prompt, reliable detection of
hazardous gas release and fire events. A key function is to provide reliable detection before
significant escalation takes place.
3.2 Objective
The main objective (or outcome) of the FGDM review is to verify, and where necessary,
optimise the design of an effective and efficient detector layout for the detection of hazardous
gas releases and fires, this includes:
• Matching to the specific hazards
• High equipment and system reliability
• Accessibility of detectors
• Maximum availability
• High immunity to spurious alarms
• Low maintenance
• Low cost of ownership.
1. The approach for assessing the level of detection coverage afforded is based on the
presence of a “significant” hazard. For the purposes of this study:
2. Long-range dispersion and detection of hazardous gas is not considered in this study.
3. It is not the intention of this study to design or assess the gas detector layout for the
detection of small, fugitive level gaseous emissions, or for the purposes of long-term
occupational exposure monitoring.
4. The quantification of detection coverage assessed in this study relies on the accuracy
of the 3D CAD model used, and applies only to the layouts in their positions as
reported, against the stated target detection objectives. Significant changes in the
model and actual detector locations from those modelled may invalidate the reported
quantification of coverage.
5. Modelling smoke and heat detection inside buildings, utilities, control and switch
rooms are outside of the scope of this study and report. It is assumed that the
appropriate detector types, numbers and locations follow applicable local, national &
international regulations, and that appropriate actions are documented according to
the appropriate fire protection specification.
Where executive action on alarm is implemented, then the 2ooN layout, with 2ooN voting
logic recommended. 2 detectors in alarm simultaneously are regarded as confirmed fire or
gas, and provide a layer of protection from action on spurious event from an individual
detector.
It is recommended that for 2ooN voted systems the logic is configured such that a detector in
fault or disabled reverts the system voting performance to a 1oo (N-1) logic.
When N=2, a detector not in operation (due to fault, maintenance, etc.) must result in that
detector being seen as a detecting vote. However, this will happen only in the case of a
revealed failure. Hence, it is recommended that in such zones, the customer adds a third
detector.
The following process areas have been identified for Flame Detection Mapping
• Berth #1
• Berth #1 Impoundment Pit
• Truck Loading Area
• Tanks (T1A, T1B, T2A & T2B)
• LNG Drain Pump
• Open Rack Vaporizer
• LNG Impoundment Pit
• Metering Station
• Fuel Gas Heater
• Diesel Fuel Tank
• BOG Compressor
• HP LNG Pumps
• BOG Recondenser
• Emergency Power Generation Unit
• Main Transformer Area
Figure 1, Figure 2 & Figure 3 show the various zones identified for Flame Detection
Mapping
The following process areas have been identified for Flammable Gas Detection Mapping
Figure 4, Figure 5 & Figure 6 shows the various zones identified for Flammable Gas
Detection Mapping
7.1.1 Berth #1
7.1.1.1 Existing
Figure 7 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 2 & Table 3 show detector
contributions (obtained after excluding the projection area within obstructions) and detector
locations respectively.
7.1.1.2 Optimised
Figure 8 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 4 & Table 5 show
detector contributions (obtained after excluding the projection area within obstructions) and
detector locations respectively.
7.1.2.1 Existing
Figure 9 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 6 & Table 7 show detector
contributions (obtained after excluding the projection area within obstructions) and detector
locations respectively.
7.1.2.2 Optimised
Figure 10 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 8 & Table 9 show
detector contributions (obtained after excluding the projection area within obstructions) and
detector locations respectively.
7.1.3.1 Existing
Figure 11 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 10 & Table 11 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.3.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (99.60% for 1ooN & 93.85% for 2ooN). Hence,
no further optimisation is required.
7.1.4 Tanks
7.1.5.1 Existing
Figure 20 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 28 & Table 29 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.5.2 Optimised
Figure 21 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 30 & Table 31 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved is 98.69%
for 1ooN and 97.04% for 2ooN with the addition of one detector.
7.1.6.1 Existing
Figure 22 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 32 & Table 33 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.1.6.2 Optimised
Figure 23 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 34 & Table 35 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved is 97.06%
for 1ooN and 85.26% for 2ooN with the addition of one detector.
7.1.7.1 Existing
Figure 24 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 36 & Table 37 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.7.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 96.89% for 2ooN).
However, by removing one detector, we show that the remaining two detectors have
sufficient coverage (99.78% for 1ooN and 85.99% for 2ooN).
Figure 25 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 38 & Table 39 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.1.8.1 Existing
Figure 26 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 40 & Table 41 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.8.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (99.71% for 1ooN and 97.60% for 2ooN).
However, by removing one detector, we show that the remaining three detectors have
sufficient coverage (99.14% for 1ooN and 92.11% for 2ooN).
Figure 27 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 42 & Table 43 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.1.9.1 Existing
Figure 28 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 44 & Table 45 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.9.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 89.58% for 2ooN).
However, by removing one detector, we show that the remaining two detectors have
sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 87.33% for 2ooN).
Figure 29 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 46 & Table 47 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.1.10.1 Existing
Figure 30 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 48 & Table 49 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.10.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 99.97% for 2ooN).
However, by removing one detector, we show that the remaining two detectors have
sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 98.03% for 2ooN).
Figure 31 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 50 & Table 51 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.1.11.1 Existing
Figure 32 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 52 & Table 53 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.11.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (96.77% for 1ooN and 85.15% for 2ooN).
Hence, no further optimisation is required.
7.1.12.1 Existing
Figure 33 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 54 & Table 55 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.12.2 Optimised
It is not possible to obtain more coverage for 1ooN by installing more detectors due the fact
that there is no coverage inside the Vaporizers. It is suggested to install a Linear wire heat
detector or fusible plug in addition to these detectors.
7.1.13.1 Existing
Figure 34 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 56 & Table 57 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.13.2 Optimised
Figure 35 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 58 & Table 59 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved is 98.12%
for 1ooN and 86.61% for 2ooN with the addition of one detector.
7.1.14.1 Existing
Figure 36 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 60 & Table 61 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.14.2 Optimised
Figure 37 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map. Table 62 & Table 63 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved is 94.17%
for 1ooN and 92.67% for 2ooN with the addition of one detector.
7.1.15.1 Existing
Figure 38 shows the existing flame detection coverage map. Table 64 & Table 65 show
detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.1.15.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (94.04% for 1ooN and 85.28% for 2ooN).
Hence, no further optimisation is required.
7.2.1.1 Existing
Figure 39 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 66 & Table 67
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.1.2 Optimised
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 95.11% for 2ooN). Hence,
no further optimisation is required.
7.2.2 Berth #1
7.2.2.1 Existing
Figure 40 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 68 & Table 69
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.2.2 Optimized
Figure 41 shows the optimized flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 70 & Table 71
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.3.1 Existing
Figure 42 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 72 & Table 73
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.3.2 Optimised
Figure 43 shows the optimised flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 74 & Table 75
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved is
99.97% for 1ooN and 88.09% for 2ooN.
7.2.4 Tanks
7.2.5.1 Existing
Figure 44 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 76 & Table 77
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.5.2 Optimised
Figure 45 shows the optimized flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 78 & Table 79
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved by
removing three detectors is 100% for 1ooN and 100% for 2ooN.
7.2.6.1 Existing
Figure 46 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 80 & Table 81
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.6.2 Optimized
The existing set-up offers sufficient coverage (100% for 1ooN and 90.31% for 2ooN). Hence,
no further optimization is required.
7.2.7.1 Existing
The placement of LOS Detectors in the zone is for strategic reasons (perimeter detection).
Hence, no optimisation will be performed.
7.2.8.1 Existing
Figure 47 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 82 & Table 83
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.2.8.2 Optimised
Figure 48 shows the optimised flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 84 & Table 85
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.2.9.1 Existing
Figure 49 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 86 & Table 87
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.2.9.2 Optimised
Figure 50 shows the optimised flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 88 & Table 89
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
The coverage achieved by using three LOS detectors and three point detectors is 100% for
1ooN and 85.52% for 2ooN.
7.2.10.1 Existing
Figure 51 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 90 & Table 91
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
7.2.10.2 Optimised
Figure 52 shows the optimised flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 92 & Table 93
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively.
The coverage achieved by adding two point detectors is 100% for 1ooN and 89.86% for
2ooN.
7.2.11.1 Existing
Figure 53 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 94 & Table 95
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.2.11.2 Optimised
Figure 54 shows the optimised flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 96 & Table 97
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved is
92.77% for 1ooN and 86.65% for 2ooN.
7.2.12.1 Existing
Figure 55 shows the existing flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 98 & Table 99
show detector contributions and detector locations respectively
7.2.12.2 Optimised
Figure 56 shows the optimised flammable gas detection coverage map. Table 100 & Table
101 show detector contributions and detector locations respectively. The coverage achieved
by adding one point detectors is 100% for 1ooN and 92.69% for 2ooN.
8. Practical Considerations
The following practical considerations should be noted:
• Generally, the modelling takes into account positional tolerance and practical x-y
positioning within +/- 0.5m is acceptable without compromising the coverage stated.
Deviations greater than this or any deviations in the elevation should be checked for
its effect on overall coverage.
• Optical flame detectors and Line Of Sight gas detectors should be mounted on
primary structural steel or on substantial purpose-built structures, braced against
vibration. The detector locations should be checked against the detector location
tables included for each area. Note that all 3-D coordinates for detector positions are
expressed in metres relative to the datum point contained in the supplied 3-D CAD
model.
Areas shown in red are seen by one detector only (1ooN). Areas shown in blue are seen by
two detectors in the array (2ooN), and areas shown in green are seen by more than two
detectors in the array (>2ooN).
The overall % coverage for the entire array (all detectors) is displayed in row 3 (the greyed
cells), columns 3, 4 and 5. These are shown for 1ooN (Red), 2ooN (Blue) and >2ooN (Green)
respectively.
The values in the cells in rows 4, 5 and 6, column 2 show the individual contributions to the
overall coverage in % for each of the detectors. The values in the cells in rows 4, 5 and 6,
columns 3, 4 and 5 show the individual contributions in % for the applicable voting
configuration (i.e. 1ooN, 2ooN and >2ooN). The cell values under the applicable voting
configurations for each detector give effective % values that would be subtracted from the
overall coverage, should the specific detector be removed from the array. For example,
Detector 2 is shown as having contributory values of 2%, 7.6% and 53.5% for 1ooN, 2ooN
and >2ooN respectively. If this detector failed or was removed from the array, the overall
coverage (All detectors) value for the array would be reduced by 2%, 7.6% and 53.5% for
1ooN, 2ooN and >2ooN respectively.
3-D coordinates are marked as East (x), North (y) and Elevation (z). Figures are in m from a
datum point, which may be the CAD model datum (point 0, 0, 0), or refer to a declared datum
(e.g. the bottom L.H. corner of the model at zero elevation). In this case, table 2 includes
Yaw (angular direction in azimuth) and Pitch (angular direction in zenith). In the case of gas
detector locations, yaw and pitch are omitted.
In addition to the main report, Flame Detection Mapping and coverage calculation has been
carried out for Transformers adjacent to Main Substation on request of Daewoo Engineering.
Table B1 below summarises the detector numbers, both as-built and improved for each zone.
Transformer
- - 3 4
Bay #3
Transformer
- - 3 4
Bay #4
Table B1 – Detector numbers for Main Substation Transformer
B.1.1 Existing
Figure B1 shows the existing flame detection coverage map for the transformer in Bay #3.
Table B2 & Table B3 show detector contributions (obtained after excluding the projection
area within obstructions) and detector locations respectively.
B.1.2 Optimised
Figure B2 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map for the transformer in Bay #3.
Table B4 & Table B5 show detector contributions (obtained after excluding the projection
area within obstructions) and detector locations respectively. The coverage obtained after
one additional detector is 100% for 1ooN and 87.6% for 2ooN.
B.2.1 Existing
Figure B3 shows the existing flame detection coverage map for the transformer in Bay #4.
Table B6 & Table B7 show detector contributions (obtained after excluding the projection
area within obstructions) and detector locations respectively.
B.2.2 Optimised
Figure B4 shows the optimised flame detection coverage map for the transformer in Bay #4.
Figure B8 & Figure B9 show detector contributions (obtained after excluding the projection
area within obstructions) and detector locations respectively. The coverage obtained after
one additional detector is 98.4% for 1ooN and 85% for 2ooN.
Bibliographic Information
This report has been classified as Confidential and is subject to US Export Control
regulations and has been classified as ECCN EAR 99.
Report distribution
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