Volume Status

PFO

LV/RV size
Various wires/lines in the heart (Swan Ganz
Catheter/Venous Cannula/Pacemaker)
LV/RV function

Masses/Obstructions to SVC, IVC

MV/TV structure and function

Depth: Same as for ME RV inflow-outflow view

Depth: 30 – 35 cm
ME bicaval
Finding it ME 4-Ch Finding it
Multiplane angle: 90 - 110ᵒ and clockwise turn
of the probe Info Multiplane angle: 10 - 20ᵒ

Info
Structures seen: LA, RA, right atrial appendage, SVC, IVC and Structures seen: Right atrium (RA), interatrial
IAS. septum (IAS), leftatrium (LA), mitral valve
(MV), tricuspid valve (TV), left ventricle (LV),
right ventricle (RV), and interventricular
septum (IVS).
RV size/function

LA/LV size
PV structure/function

LV function
Depth: From the ME ascending aortic SAX, advance
probe and turn clockwise to centre the TV
Finding it MV structure/function
ME RV inflow-outflow
Multiplane angle: 60 - 90ᵒ Info
Thrombus in LAA

Structures seen: LA, RA, TV, RV, PV, and

main PA ME 2-Ch Depth: 30 – 35cm (same as for ME 4-Ch)
Finding it
Ascending Aortic Dissection Multiplane angle: 80 - 100ᵒ
Info

Pulmonary Embolism Structures seen: LA, MV, LV, and left atrial
appendage

Central Lines in the SVC

LA/LV size

Swan Ganz position in the Pulmonary Artery

LV function

Depth: Same level as that of the ME

ascending aortic LAX view ME ascending aortic SAX MV structure/function
Finding it

Multiplane angle: 20 - 40ᵒ Ascending Aortic Dissection/Aneurysm

Info

Structures seen: The proximal ascending aorta, LVOT diameter (used to calculate cardiac
superior vena cava (SVC), PV, and proximal (main) output)
PA
ME LAX
Depth: 30 – 35 cm (same as for ME 4-Ch)
LV/RV volume status
Finding it
Multiplane angle: 120 - 160ᵒ
LV/RV systolic function TOE for FCA2 Info

Structures seen: LA, MV, LV, left ventricular

The only view to simultaneously show the outflow tract (LVOT),aortic valve (AV), and
myocardial distribution of all 3 coronary RWMA proximal ascending aorta
arteries!!

AV structure/function
LV size

Coronary take-offs
LV hypertrophy
TG mid-papillary SAX
Depth: Advance the probe from ME ascending
Depth: The TOE probe must be advanced into the
aortic SAX view till the SAX image of the AV
stomach from the ME 4-chamber view (at 0ᵒ) and
comes into view
ante flexed to come into contact with the gastric wall Finding it
Finding it
ME Aortic Valve SAX
Info Info Multiplane angle: 20 – 40°
Multiplane angle: 0ᵒ

Structures seen: AV cusps: Left coronary cusp, right

Structures seen: Short axis view of the LV,
coronary cusp and non-coronary cusp. LA, RA and
posteromedial and anterolateral papillary muscles
IAS.

Placing a Pulse Wave Doppler in the LVOT allows for

determination of the LVOT VTI and thus, cardiac AV structure/function
output.

Ascending Aortic Dissection/Aneurysm

Stroke Volume = Area of LVOT (Πr2) x VTI of
LVOT
Finding it: From the ME AV SAX view, rotate the
Deep TG LAX multiplane angle to approx. 120-160 degrees until
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
the LVOT, AV, and Asc Ao come into view. (Should
be 90 degrees beyond the angle of the AV SAX
ME Aortic Valve LAX
view.)
Finding it Info Info

Structures Seen: Left Atrium, Mitral Valve, Left

Descending Aortic Dissection
Ventricle, LVOT, Aortic Valve, Ascending Aorta,
Right Ventricle
Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Ascending Aorta Diameter
Aortic Atherosclerosis
Aortic dissection
Position of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump
Atheromatous plaques
Left hemothorax/pleural effusion
Depth: Withdraw the probe from the ME LAX
Des Aortic SAX view to see the LAX view of the ascending
Depth: Level of ME 4-chamber view, turn probe to aorta
the left until the descending aorta comes into view Finding it
Finding it Extra: ME Ascending Aortic LAX
Multiplane angle: 120 - 160ᵒ (same as ME
Multiplane angle: 0ᵒ (SAX) and 90ᵒ (LAX) Info LAX)
Info

Structures seen: Descending aorta (probe can be Structures seen: Ascending aorta, right
advanced and withdrawn to view the entire descending pulmonary artery (PA). Counterclockwise
aorta) rotation from this image results in LAX imaging
of the main PA and the pulmonic valve (PV).
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME 4-Ch
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME 4-Ch
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME 2-Ch
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME 2-Ch
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME Aortic Valve SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME Aortic Valve SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME Aortic Valve LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME Aortic Valve LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / Extra: ME Ascending Aortic LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / Extra: ME Ascending Aortic LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / Des Aortic SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / Des Aortic SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / Deep TG LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / Deep TG LAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / TG mid-papillary SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / TG mid-papillary SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME ascending aortic SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME ascending aortic SAX
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME RV inflow-outflow
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME RV inflow-outflow
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME bicaval
/ TOE for FCA2 / ME bicaval