ESIQIE - IPN 1

Tarea 5
Problemas del Capı́tulo 1
Isaı́as Chamorro Cruz

P ROBLEM 1.1
6
An annealed-steel tensile specimen (E = 30X10 psi) has a 0.505-in minimum diameter and a 2 in-gage Length.
Maximum load is reached at 15,000 lb, and fracture occurs at 10,000 lb.
a) What is the tensile strength?
The tensile strength, often known as Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) is the maximum stress that a material can withstand
while being pulled before breaking.
Data:
• D = 0.505 in → r = 0.2525 in
• Fmax = 15000 lb

 
Fmax lb
σmax =
A in2
Fmax
=
πr2
15000
=
π(0.2525)2
 
lb
σmax = 74889.10
in2

b) Why does fracture occur at a lower load than maximum load?

When a bar is under tension, two opposing mechanisms take place:
1) The bar loses cross-sectional area since it attempts to retain its volume while being stretched (Poisson’s ratio effect).
Once the bar begins to suffer plastic deformations, it undergoes stress hardening and it’s elastic modulus rises.
2) As the increase in elastic modulus is greater than the loss of area, the stress (force) measured will increase. At a certain
point, however, the material starts to lose area (necking) faster than it hardens, which means that the force required to continue
deforming the element starts to diminish, until the element reaches its ultimate deformation capacity and snaps.
Therefore the fracture occur at a lower load than maximum load.

c) What is the deformation when a tensile stress of 15,000 psi is applied?

Data:
6
• E = 30x10 psi
• σ = 15000 psi
• L0 = 2 in

σ
σ = E →  =
E  
15000 psi
= = 5x10−4
30x106 psi

δ
= → δ = ()(L0 )
L0
= (5x10−4 )(2)[in]

 = 0.001[in]
ESIQIE - IPN 2

P ROBLEM 1.2
A wire 300 m long elongates by 3 cm when a tensile force of 200 N is applied. What is the modulus of elasticity in
MPa if the diameter of the wire is 5 mm? Compare your answer with the result in units of psi.
Data:
• L0 = 300 m
• ∆L = 3 cm = 0.03 m
• F = 200 N
• D = 5 mm = 0.005 m → r = 0.0025 m

σ
σ = E → E =
  
F 1
=
A 
 
F L0
=
A ∆L
 
F L0
=
πr2 ∆L
  
200 300 N hmi
=
π0.00252 0.03 m2 m

E = 1.01859X1011 [Pa]

Calculating step bye step starting from [lb] and [in].

σ
E=
  
F L0
= 2
πr ∆L
   
44.962 11811 lb in
=
π0.0984252 1.181102 in2 in

E = 14773467.08 [psi]
Directly converting [Pa] to [psi]

E = 1.01859X1011 [P a] → 1477339.893 [psi]

Comparing answers

14773467.08 [psi] ≈ 1477339.893 [psi]

P ROBLEM 1.5
A hollow copper cylinder (OD = 10 in and ID = 5 in) contains a solid steel core. Determine the compressive stresses
in the steel and the copper when a force of 200,000 lb is applied with a press.
Data:
• Ftotal = 200000 lb
• OD = 10 in → ro = 5 in
• ID = 10 in → rI = 2.5 in
• ECu = 29 psi
• Esteel = 16 psi
ESIQIE - IPN 3

Considering perfect adherence

σCu σsteel ECu
Cu = steel → = → σCu = σsteel (1)
ECu Esteel Esteel

Ftotal = FCu + Fsteel

= (σCu )(ACu ) + (σsteel )(Asteel )
= (σCu )(πrI2 ) + (σsteel )(π(ro2 − rI2 )) (2)
substituting equation (1) into equation (2)
 
ECu
Ftotal = σsteel (πrI2 ) + (σsteel )(π(ro2 − rI2 )) (3)
Esteel
substituting equation (3) and solving for σsteel
 
16
200000 = σsteel (π2.52 ) + (σsteel )(π(52 − 2.52 )) (4)
29

σsteel = 3835 [psi] (5)

substituting equation (5) into equation (1) and solving for σCu

σCu = 2116 [psi] (6)

P ROBLEM 1.7
A cylinder of cast iron 0.50 in diameter by 2 in long is tested in compression. Failure occurs at an axial load of 50,000
lb on a plane inclined 40° to the axis of the cylinder. Calculate the shearing stress on the plane of failure. The same
cylinder of cast iron is pulled in tension. Give your estı́mate of the failure load and the plane of failure.
Data:
• D = 0.50 in → r = 0.25 in
• L = 2 in
• F = 50000 lb
0
• θ = 40

Fplane = (F )(cos(θ))
= (50000)(cos(400 ))
= 38302.22[lb]

Aplane = (A)(cos(900 − θ))

= (πr2 )(cos(900 − θ))
= (π0.252 )(cos(500 ))
= 0.305[in2 ]

Fplane
τ=
Aplane
 
38302.22 lb
=
0.305 in2

τ = 125, 581.05 [psi]

ESIQIE - IPN 4

P ROBLEM 1.8
A bar of uniform cross section is subjected to an axial stress of 10M N/m2 , θ is the angle between the transverse axis
and a plane obligue to the longitudinal axis. Plot the normal stress and shear stress on this obligue plane over the range
θ = 02 to θ = 902 .