Table of Content

Contents
1.0 Android..................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 What is Android?...............................................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Where does Android come from?...............................................................................................4
1.1.2 What is the difference between Android and iPhone?...............................................................4
1.1.3 Why does Android look different on each phone?.....................................................................5
1.1.4 What are the advantages of Android?........................................................................................6
1.2 What’s with the candy names?..........................................................................................................6
1.3 What’s the best thing about Android?...............................................................................................7
1.4 What’s the worst thing about Android?............................................................................................7
1.5 What is Google Play / Play Store?......................................................................................................7
1.6 Here are some Android terms you should know...............................................................................8
1.6.1 ADB.............................................................................................................................................9
1.6.2 APK:............................................................................................................................................9
1.6.3 Application..................................................................................................................................9
1.6.4 Backup........................................................................................................................................9
1.6.5 Bluetooth....................................................................................................................................9
1.6.6 Bootloading................................................................................................................................9
1.6.7 Brick............................................................................................................................................9
1.6.8 Download Mode.......................................................................................................................10
1.6.9 Factory Reset............................................................................................................................10
1.6.10 Firmware.................................................................................................................................10
1.6.11 Flash........................................................................................................................................10
1.6.12 Kernel......................................................................................................................................10
1.6.13 KIES.........................................................................................................................................10
1.6.14 Launcher.................................................................................................................................10
1.6.15 MicroSD..................................................................................................................................10
1.6.16 ODIN.......................................................................................................................................11
1.6.17 Open Source...........................................................................................................................11
1.6.18 Operating System...................................................................................................................11
1. 6. 19 OTA.......................................................................................................................................11
1.6.20 QR...........................................................................................................................................11
1.6.21 Recovery Mode.......................................................................................................................11
1.6.22 ROM........................................................................................................................................11
1.6.23 Root........................................................................................................................................12
1.6.24 Soft Reset................................................................................................................................12
1.6.25 Unlock.....................................................................................................................................12
1.6.26 Widget....................................................................................................................................12
1.6.27 Wipe.......................................................................................................................................12
1.6.28 Windows.................................................................................................................................12
1.0 Android
Today we begin the 'Android for Beginners' series. This is the first in a set of courses that ensure you
know everything about Android. This introductory course will focus on the origins of Android and give
you a list of the key terms you need to know before you start learning more.

1.1 What is Android?

Android is software for mobile phones, tablets and a growing range of devices encompassing everything
from wearable computing to in-car entertainment. It launched in 2003 and is the world’s most popular
mobile operating system (OS).

Android is an open source project (led by Google but it doesn't belong to them) called AOSP (Android
Open Source Project). Google uses this project as a base to create its version of Android, which is then
used by the other manufacturers. 

As an OS, Android's job is to act as a translator between you and your gadget. When you take a photo,
Android provides the button you tap and tells the phone what to do when you tap it. When you make or
receive a call, Android tells your phone how to do that. When you play a game, Android tells the game
what movements you’re making and what buttons you’re pressing. It’s like Windows, but for mobile
devices.

The Android software itself is developed in conjunction with Google, who releases major updates to the
platform every year. Manufacturers which run Android on their phones include Samsung, Huawei, Sony,
Lenovo, HTC, LG and many others; it's currently operational on more than one billion devices.

The Android mascot is a green robot: you might have seen it around.
Just a selection of the phones which run the Android operating system. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.1.1 Where does Android come from?

It comes from Google, who actually acquired Android in 2005 (no, Google didn't invent it). The search
giant performs regular updates along with an annual major update.

The operating system is based on the Linux kernel – if you have friends who work in IT, you may have
heard of it. This is the GNU / Linux operating system based structure, which is a unix type system
(portable operating system, multitasking and multi-user). The Linux kernel is one of the most prominent
examples of free software.

1.1.2 What is the difference between Android and iPhone?

It’s not so much a difference between Android and iPhone but Android and iOS. You see, iOS is the
software which runs on iPhones and the differences between this and Android are simultaneously big
and small.

Smartphones with Android or iOS installed are capable of doing most of the same things: they can both
run apps, connect to Wi-Fi, take photos, send messages etc. But there are many differences in how they
look and feel, and the possibilities of both.

 You can read more about how the latest versions of iOS and Android compare here.
The war between Android and iOS will not end soon. / © AndroidPIT

1.1.3 Why does Android look different on each phone?

Android doesn't look different on every device, but it does have a number of different versions. Android
is open-source, which means that manufacturers are free to customize the software and make it their
own. 

The 'purest' version of Android is often referred to as 'stock Android' and it's often preferred by the
Android community: it's the original software as Google intended. 

Other user interfaces (UI) include Samsung's TouchWiz, Sony's Xperia, and Huawei's Emotion. See what
they all look like in our Android UI comparison.
There are many Android UIs, each with subtle differences. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.1.4 What are the advantages of Android?

Choice. For example, if you want iOS, you have a choice of iPhone, iPhone or iPhone. If you go for
Android there are stacks of great devices to choose from, from cheap and cheerful handsets to really
impressive flagships. Those flagships are often cheaper than the equivalent Apple devices, too.

Android’s choice isn’t just about hardware. It’s about everything else too. Android is incredibly easy to
customize, both in terms of how it looks and how it works, and the various app stores aren’t as tightly
controlled as its rivals’ stores, like Apple.

1.2 What’s with the candy names?

Each new version of Android gets a code name based on consecutive letters of the alphabet. The most
recent version is known as Marshmallow because it is the Android M release. Previous versions have
included Lollipop, KitKat, Jelly Bean and Gingerbread.
Android version 4.4 was also known as Android KitKat. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.3 What’s the best thing about Android?

Options, many options. With Android you have hundreds of gadgets at your disposal, the cheapest, the
most expensive and innovative market. Android is also incredibly customizable, both in their roles, as in
his appearance. You can really make a unique mobile experience for yourself with this OS.

1.4 What’s the worst thing about Android?

Getting updates. In many cases manufacturers don’t seem to care about providing software updates for
devices they’ve already sold you. Even when they do provide updates they take their sweet time about
it. That’s why some consider rooting: you can download the updates yourself and apply them instead of
waiting for the manufacturer to get around to it.

1.5 What is Google Play / Play Store?

The Google Play Store is a digital marketplace where Android users can purchase apps, games, books,
movies, music and more. And it's a big advantage to owning an Android device.
 The purchased content is connected to your Google account – something you must have in order to
make these purchases – and is available on any device where you log in with your Google account.

 Google Play tips and tricks every Android user needs to know

 Google Play not working? Here's what you can do

The Google Play Store is where you find all of the available Android apps. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.6 Here are some Android terms you should know

Here is a glossary of terms you can refer back to as you continue in our series. Have a read through them
right now to get a brief overview. Click on one in the table to jump to the term.

ADB Download Mode MicroSD ROM

APK Factory Reset ODIN Root
Application Firmware Open Source Soft Reset
Backup Flash Operating System Unlock
Bluetooth Kernel OTA Widget
Bootloader KIES QR Wipe
Brick Launcher Recovery Mode Window
1.6.1 ADB: Stands for Android Debug Bridge, a tool that is used primarily by developers to send
commands from a computer to Android. It works as a client-server and gives you tools for the devices
for debugging.

1.6.2 APK: Android application package file used to distribute and install apps. This file contains the
app code, resources, assets and manifest file.

1.6.3 Application: An application or app is something you use to perform functions on the phone.
These range from simple to incredibly complex.

1.6.4 Backup: To keep your data in a safe place in case of a problem where you lose your important
information.

1.6.5 Bluetooth: Data transmission system between devices via radio waves without using wires or
other connectors.

1.6.6 Bootloading: Procedure that allows you to access recovery mode.

1.6.7 Brick: When the device does not start and becomes unusable due to a configuration error after
making a change.
Sometimes you need to factory reset your device. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.6.8 Download Mode: Used to install or replace the firmware of your device or a new ROM.

1.6.9 Factory Reset: Restoring the device to the original settings.

1.6.10 Firmware: The contents of the device's ROM. To find out the firmware version of your device
go the Settings, tap About Phone and hit Software Information.

1.6.11 Flash: Changing the ROM of a device.

1.6.12 Kernel: The core of the operating system. It's responsible for uniting the software functions
and the hardware.

1.6.13 KIES: Samsung application that allows you to update and synchronize the data from your
smartphone or tablet.

1.6.14 Launcher: Responsible for customizing the device by modifying the user interface.

1.6.15 MicroSD: Removable memory card format. Smaller than MiniSD, it's used for mobile devices.
The microSD can provide you with extra internal storage. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.6.16 ODIN: Program to flash your device.

1.6.17 Open Source: Software that is made available to be distributed and modified.

1.6.18 Operating System: Software that controls a device's basic functions like scheduling tasks and
executing applications.

1. 6. 19 OTA: Stands for 'Over The Air' and refers to updates that are made from your device without
using cords or other connectors.

1.6.20 QR: Abbreviation for 'Quick Response' and is a black and white code that can be scanned with
your device to open a link or application.

1.6.21 Recovery Mode: A method of starting your Android in order to install a ROM, wipe your
device or format it.

1.6.22 ROM: Stands for 'Read Only Memory' and is a type of storage for Android devices. It has the
programming for starting a device and performs most of the tasks.
1.6.23 Root: The act of unlocking the Android OS to gain complete control over the device through
which you can access hidden files, change the ROM or install certain special apps.

Android Marshmallow is a version of the Android OS. / © ANDROIDPIT

1.6.24 Soft Reset: The act of rebooting your phone, intentionally or not. It has the same effect as
when you remove your battery.

1.6.25 Unlock: You must perform this before you can use a SIM card from any carrier.

1.6.26 Widget: 'Icon' or part of an application that you can put on your home screen to quickly view
information or to access the app faster and easier.

1.6.27 Wipe: Formatting the device. Deletes the external data from the device.

1.6.28 Windows: In Android apps, they are objects that specify the look and feel of the content.

Little by little we will be improving our knowledge of these and other Android terms and concepts. Stay
tuned for the next episode of our 'Android for Beginners' series.