Introduction

This session provides the basic lay out of the policy scene
as a basis for the days to come:
ICT Policies and Strategies
• Definitions
• Steps in policy formulation and implementation
• Role of stakeholders
Development and Implementation
• Measuring progress
• Resource mobilisation

Margreet van Doodewaard

Regional Advisor ICT Policies and Strategies
UNESCAP
www. signalkomplex.hu/skwww/tg006.jpgl
UNESCAP/ITU ICT Policy Training Module
1 2

Definitions What is ICT?

Policy = short to the point document that provides
the governments’ mission and vision in a Information Communication Technology
particular area. (long term). • A tool.
Strategy (Master plan, Action plan) = the • Includes ‘old’ and ‘new’ technologies.
translation of the policy into a framework of
related programmes. (medium term). • Rapidly changing and converging.
Programme = a set of projects that together • Technology of the “young”.
cover one particular area or key objective. (medium • Affects all sectors and layers in society.
term).

Project = a time bound set of activities that lead • Globaliser.

to the establishment of a particular goal. (short
term). 3 4

What makes ICT policy different? Role of Government

• Lifecycle of a new technology shorter than the • Regulator

life cycle of an ICT policy. – ICT Law
Policy = technology neutral – Telecoms Law
• ICT is a tool. – E-Commerce Law
– Media Law
Policy objectives = non- ICT
• Enabler
• ICT is cross cutting.
– National policies and strategies
Policy integrates all sectors
• User
• ICT is participatory. – Procurement activities
Policy developed in participatory way. – Reaping the benefits

5 6

1
The Policy Process E-Readiness Assessments
International Policies
The measurement of how ready a country is to
E.g. WTO, international treaties and agreements
• What ? the achieve the objectives it has laid out in its’
ICT policy.
Existing National Policies
E.g. PRSP

E-Readiness Assessment Existing ICT policies

To gain insight into the country’s strengths,
Continuous monitoring and
evaluation. ICT Policy
Vision, mission, principles, objectives
Actions consistent with objectives
and timeframes • Why ? weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
To establish the starting point for future
National action plan/strategy
measurement of progress.
Situational analysis, Prioritised objectives, key actions, timelines and resources

Many different methods.

Project plan
Programme

Project plan Project plan

• How ? Chose method that will best produce the
information you need.
Situational analysis
Objectives
Budget
Planning
Chose method compatible with international
Actions Risk a sse ssment
Who is doing what? What if scenarios methods
Reporting duties Exit strategy

7 8

E-Readiness Assessments: Steps Readiness for the Networked World

• Define “E-Readiness” for your country. • An E-readiness assessment guide developed by Centre
– Choose a benchmark country.
• Select E-Readiness model: for International Development (Harvard University).
– That provides insights needed. • Based on the principle that a networked world 1) creates
– That is compatible with international indicators.
– That can be used in the Vietnamese setting. opportunities, 2) eliminates barriers and 3) promotes
• Apply the model efficiency.
– Use external researchers if in-country expertise not available
• Advantage: Neutral outlook • Identifies four stages of readiness with the fourth stage
• Disadvantage: May not understand the local setting fully. being most advanced.
Expensive
• Use the outcomes for policy, programme and project • Note: E-Readiness needs internal or external
development or adjustment. benchmarking.
• Use the outcomes to further develop progress indicators.
• Note: E-Readiness is only a snapshot of today.
9 10

Readiness for the Networked World DAI Index

Uses five categories:

• Network Access:
Weight: Weight:
– Availability, Cost and Quality of ICT networks, equipment and
services. 0.5 + 0.5 0.5 + 0.5
• Networked Learning
– Integration of ICT in general and professional education. Weight: 1
• Networked Society
– The ability of individuals to access and use ICT
• Networked Economy
– The usage of ICT as a communication tool by businesses and Weight: 0.62 Weight: 1
government. (literacy) + 0.21
• Networked Policy
– Facilitation of policies.

11 12
Source: www.itu
www.itu.org
.org

2
 DAI Index for Selected Countries Networked Readiness Index

Country Infrastructure Affordability Knowledge Quality Usage DAI

Azerbaijan 0.15 0 0.88 0.12 0.04 0.24
Bangladesh 0.01 0.33 0.45 0.12 0 0.18
Bhutan 0.02 0 0.42 0.21 0.02 0.13
China 0.22 0.87 0.79 0.24 0.05 0.43
India 0.04 0.78 0.57 0.18 0.02 0.32
Kazakhstan 0.14 0.73 0.92 0.22 0.02 0.41
Malaysia 0.35 0.97 0.83 0.31 0.38 0.57
Nepal 0.01 0.3 0.5 0.14 0 0.19
Philippines 0.13 0.80 0.90 0.26 0.05 0.43
Sri Lanka 0.06 0.79 0.82 0.22 0.01 0.38
Thailand 0.22 0.96 0.88 0.27 0.09 0.48
Viet Nam 0.05 0.45 0.83 0.19 0.02 0.31
13 14

Networked Readiness Index for

SWOT
Selected Countries
Networked Readiness Environment Readiness Usage Strengths Weaknesses
Country Index Rankings Component Index Component Index Component Index What do we do better than our What do we do worse than our
Score NRI Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank neighbours? neighbours?
Azerbaijan - - - - - - - - What do we have that others do not What do we not have that others do
Bangladesh 2.57 93 2.57 89 3.00 95 2.14 92 have? have?
Bhutan - - - - - - - - What are our comparative What are our comparative
China 3.38 51 3.03 63 4.14 54 2.97 43 advantages? disadvantages?
India 3.54 45 3.45 44 4.23 50 2.94 44
Kazakhstan - - - - - - - - What national and international What national and international trends
Malaysia 4.9 26 3.95 26 4.86 29 - - trends may be beneficial to us? may be harmful to us?
Nepal - - - - - - - -
Philippines 3.10 69 2.67 82 3.84 72 2.80 50
Sri Lanka 3.15 66 2.99 66 3.98 64 2.49 71
Opportunities Threats
Thailand 3.72 38 3.57 41 4.59 37 3.00 40
Viet Nam 3.13 68 2.80 74 3.93 67 2.67 58
15 16
Total participating countries: 102

ICT enabling strengths ICT inhibiting weaknesses

Economy focus
• Infrastructure
• Affordable access
• High literacy rates
• English
• High quality technical and
managerial education
• Pro active (ICT) private sector
• Government enabling with
transparent, facilitating and fair
policies.
• Stable political, social and
economic environment
• Well developed R&D and
innovation (patents).
• Ample financial resources
• Low labour costs
Society focus
• Infrastructure
• Affordable and easy access
• Awareness
• Strong support from local
communities (champions!)
• Local content and applications
• Political, social and economic
stability
• Purchasing Power
• Government facilitating and
incorporating society
information needs.
17
Economy focus Society focus
• Lack of broadband access • Lack of government priority
• Access costs high and support
• Lack of market • Poor infrastructure
• Lack of Awareness
• Lack of business skill and
experience • Lack of local support
• Political, social and/or • Political, social and/or
economic environment economic instability
unstable. • Lack of local content and
• Government regulating rather applications
than facilitating • Lack of local purchasing
• Lack of access to investment power.
capital
• Low overall, managerial and
technically specific education
levels
• High labour costs
18

3
Trends in ICT and Policy Implications
Trend
• Increase in affordable broadband.
• Convergence of DTV and ICT.
• Mobile / Wireless – convergence of ICT and telecoms.
• Traditional media (TV, radio, paper) continue to be strong.
Policy Implications
• Policies should encourage broadband application and liberalise
broadband market.
• Wireless infrastructure offers access opportunities for remote areas.
• New infrastructure and implications should anticipate convergence of
technologies.
• Policies should include traditional media.
• Traditional media can play an important role in awareness raising
campaigns.
Trends in ICT
Trends
• Demand for data security increases.
• Increase in use of Free and Open Software as a platform.
• Non ICT Companies integrate systems further and further; focus on E-
Commerce.
• Reduction in demand and costs for ICT staff.
• ICT and media industry maturing; inclination to cost-reduction and
economies of scale.
Policy Implications
• Regulatory framework and enforcement on data security, IPRs, cyber-
crime crucial.
• Policies should encourage interoperability of systems.
• Anti-monopolist policies.
• Government protection of incubators and SMEs (within framework of
international agreements) against early take-overs. 21
Trends in ICT
Trends
• Upcoming new technologies gain ground: convergence ICT and bio-
technology, nano technology, artificial intelligence.
• On-going ‘technologisation’ of society will change traditional social
and institutional structures.
Policy Implications
• Innovation and high level technical education important to keep up with
developments.
• Enable government and others to keep up to date through research
facility.
• Encourage participation in international research initiatives.
• Government answer to changing society: developing new social and
institutional structures to match a changing world.
• Lifelong learning needs to be facilitated.
Trends in ICT
Trends
• Level of Internet usage depends on access, age, education, gender,
and income (e-Living project Europe). Typical early adopters are male,
single, educated and young. Women, the elderly, families and groups
with little education lag behind.
• Increased overall reliance on new technologies and applications.
Policy Implications
• Start ICT penetration in education and young generation ‘hang-outs’.
The young are the ICT generation of tomorrow.
• Special access and awareness programmes for women, families, the
elderly and low income groups.
• Local content and applications should specifically focus on the
groups that lag behind.
19 20
Trends in ICT
Trends
• Increased English language capacity.
• Reduction in demand and costs for IT staff.
• ICT and media industry maturing; inclination to cost-reduction and
economies of scale rather than innovation and incubation.
• ICT Industry: shift from product orientation to service orientation
Policy Implications
• Advantage of low cost labour should be exploited in-country
(outsourcing industry).
• Encourage large (foreign) firms to make use of local low costs
facilities.
22
Definitions
Policy = short to the point document that provides
the governments’ mission and vision in a
particular area. (long term).
Strategy (Master plan, Action plan) = the
translation of the policy into a framework of
related programmes. (medium term).
Programme = a set of projects that together
cover one particular area or key objective. (medium
term).
Project = a time bound set of activities that lead
to the establishment of a particular goal. (short
23 term). 24
4
What are good policies? Policy evolution
• Cover and integrate all aspects of ICT.
• Have the support of all stakeholders. 10) 3 rd ICT
policy and
7) Monitoring, Evaluation,
Internal and External
• Provide a clear mission, vision, guiding principles and action plan trends, best practices and
worst failures
overall objectives. 6) Implementation

• Are in line with national and international agreements 8) New i deas, new insights,

and policies. 5) 2 nd ICT

new political arena,
different settings
policy and
• Forward looking and daring action plan
9) Need for policy and
strategy change
2) Monitoring,
• Yet realistic Evaluation, Internal
and External trends,

• Are cross cutting in nature 1) Implementation best practices and

worst failures
3) New i deas, new insights,
• Are technology neutral. new political arena, different

Time
settings
• Prioritise objectives to facilitate implementation. 4) Need for
• Focus on NEED. 1 st ICT
policy and
strategy change
policy and
action plan

25 26

National Impact on ICT policy International impact on ICT Policy

Governments’ Overall National Strategy

Poverty Reduction ICT Policy Existing ICT and

Strategy Paper related policies (Trade,
Telecoms)

Bilateral and
multilateral E-Readiness
Political, social and Outcomes
agreements economic
sentiments

27 28
Source: Guide to International ICT Policy Making, Markle foundation, 2003. Av ailable from http://w ww .unicttaskforce
.unicttaskforce.org/
.org/perl
perl/documents.pl?id=1312
/documents.pl?id=1312

UNCITRAL WIPO - IPRs

Underlying Principles:
• Equivalence. Paper documents and their electronic counterparts
have the same legal value.
• Autonomy of contracts. Whether in paper form or in electronic
form, the substantive content of the contract remains the same.
• Voluntary use of electronic communication.
• The requirements for a contract to be valid and enforceable
remain the same.
• Application to form rather than substance. In other words, the law
regulates the contractual framework, form but not the content of
the contract.
• Consumer protection laws should take precedence over the
provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law.
29
“Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary
and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used
in commerce.
Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial property,
which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs,
and geographic indications of source; and Copyright, which includes
literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films,
musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings,
photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights
related to copyright include those of performing artists in their
performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and
those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs.”
30

5
WTO - TRIPS ICANN-
ICANN- DNS

Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of • DNS = Domain Name System. (dot….)

Intellectual Property Rights: • ICANN = The Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers.
• Emphasizes the ownership of intellectual
– Allocates domain names.
property.
– TLDs = Top Level Domains
• Regulates globally copyrights, • Generic:.com, .org, .net
trademarks, industrial design, patents. • Country code: .vn, .th, .nl
• Uses “Registrars” – local ISPs.
– Pay to ICANN for services
31 32

ICANN-
ICANN- Trade mark conflict Roles of national stakeholders
Private Sector – ICT and non ICT sectors
• Domain names can conflict with The Public – Citizens (women, the young,
trademarks: vulnerable groups),NGOs
– What to do with someone registering: The Government – Government and government
affiliated agencies (incl.
• www.cocacola.com?
educational institutions,
• ICANNs response: research centres)
Financing Institutions- Banks, donors, partners
– Minimum quality requirements for registration
– Respect of IPRs.
• Dominance of a particular stakeholder
– Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (UDNDRP)
group will influence policy focus!
• Different stakeholders – different approach
33 34

Consultation process: a Model Methods of consultation

Governing body; e.g. Prime Minister of Ministry of

ICT, High level Commission Physical
Role:
Consultative
National
consultations Policy/Strategy
• Consultative meetings
Frequency: Low
• Focus groups
Executing agency;
• Interviews
E.g. ICT Agency
• Questionnaires
Role:
Consultative
Monitoring
Working group; ICT focal
points from line ministries,
representatives from key
• Competitions
Evaluating Programme
Directing stakeholders
Frequency: Medium

Virtual
Implementing agency;
E.g. NGO, line ministry,
• On-line discussion platform
Working group; private sector consortium
Role:
Consultative
Monitoring
implementation agency,
partners and recipients
• On-line voting
Evaluating

Frequency: Often
Directing
• On-line discussion group
Project

Figure 3: Participatory structure 35 36

6
The DOI dynamics of ICT development UNCTAD Policy Model Framework

Sectors
Other Health Education Government Industry Trade Finance
Investment

Culture Procurement Manufacturing

Media Services Services
Customs Agriculture

Cross Cutting Policies

Telecommunications infrastructure, access

Technology Development, R&D

IT training & literacy, awareness

Legal and regulatory issues

Measurement and monitoring

Information Society Information Economy

Public Domain Private Domain

Policies
e-Business
e-Society polices e-Government Economic and business environment (trade,
investment, finance)

SME development, local content

ICT Industry

ICT Policy model framework. Source: E-Comm erce and Developm ent repo rt 2003; UNCTAD 2003: p. 65

37 38

From Policy to Strategy

However: • Group policy objectives thematically.

• Prioritise thematic groups.
• Prioritise objectives in each group.
A policy will never be perfect… • Per group define expected outcomes (results) =
…..therefore at some point one has to “get programmes.
on with it”’…….. • Gap-analysis: identify key actions = projects.
• Per group identify key resources
• Per group identify implementing agency, key
partners and stakeholders.
• Allocate a timeframe for each group.
39 40

Gap Analysis Linking Pin

Action Plan Aggregated,

ICT Education overall,
Programm e 2 general
Programm e 3

Baseline Expected Outcome

Programme 1: ICT Education Programme 2 Programme 3

1a: Awareness in schools Project 2a Project 3a
AIMS ACTIONS + RESOURCES 1b: National website competition Project 2b Project 3b
1c: Educating ICT Pro fession als Project 2c Project 3c

Gap!
Project 1a:
Awareness in school Project 1 c Project 1b
Action 1b – i Action 1c– i
What is 1aI – Internet radio for schools
1aII – Computerlabs in core schools.
Action 1b – ii Action 1c – ii Disaggregated,
Action 1b - iii Action 1c - iii
detailed,
missing and 1aIII – Integration of ICT awareness
specific
into curriculum
what needs to
be done
41 42

7
ICT Agency: Organisation structure ICT Agency: Networking Agency
Governing Board:
Chairperson: Minister responsible for ICT
Secretary: Chief Information Officer
Members: Representatives of key stakeholder groups
Main Responsibility:
International
Responsible for the strategic management of the ICT Agency with the organisations Communities
objective to ensure the development and delivery of ICT policies, strategies
and regulations

ICT Agency
Secretariat
Responsible for the procedural
aspects of the ICT policy
development and implementation
process such as calling of meetings,
writing minutes, follow up on actions
and so on.
Donors
ICT Institution
NGO’s
Line Ministries
Implementing group
Academia
Responsible for the substantive
aspects of the ICT policy Private Sector
development and implementation
process such as preparatory research,
drafting of policy documents,
coordination of project
implementation, maintaining
relationships with partners involved,
information dissemination.

43 44
Source: World bank

TOR for an ICT Agency Resource mobilisation

Has a clear mandate.

Has adequate resources.
Has strong leadership.
Has decision taking power.
Has a neutral position.
Has the capacity to build and maintain partnerships.
Has a balance between technically and managerially
trained staff.
Is transparent, flexible and agile.
Is pro-active.
Is small.
45 46

Seeking Resources Seeking Resources

Initial investment Initial investment
Hiring of Staff Maintenance State funds
Equipment PPP Maintenance
Housing Loans
Salaries Government Budget
Education Grants
Maintenance of Equipment Communities
Installation Housing Venture capital PPP
Forging partnerships Micro Credit
Training and awareness Piggybacking
Kick off marketing Outsourcing
Office costs In-kind contributions
Maintaining partnerships Privatisation User pays/Tax
Structural Marketing Micro-Credit
Transport Outsourcing
Sustainability
Sustainability
Exit activities
Hand Over Phasing out
Keeping in touch
47 48

8
 Considerations

Develop a resource mobilisation strategy:

1. What types of investment are needed and
when?
2. What are the cost involved?
• On a one-off basis
• On a regular basis
3. What costs can be recovered?
4. Balance costs and quality criteria.
5. Take into account inflation and price increases.
49 50

Considerations Outsourcing as a financing option

1. Determine:
Develop a resource mobilisation strategy: – What needs to be done in-house?
• Government priorities
• What resources must be mobilised • International agreements
externally? –
• Security and legal issues
What can be outsourced?
• Which sources are available? 2. What outsource modality works best?
• Least subsidy?
• What are the characteristics of these •
•
BOOT schemes?
Contracting?
sources? 3. What is the best financing modality?
– Available finance and other resources in-house?
• Match sources with needs. – Piggybacking possible?
– External resources accessible?
• How do can we best tap into these – Risk assessment.
resources?
51 52

Public Private Partnership Public Private Partnership

Definition: Privatization

A cooperative venture between the public and OL

BBO
private sectors, built on the expertise of each
partner, that best meets clearly defined public needs BOO

through the appropriate allocation of resources, Risk

risks and rewards. BOOT

DBFO
DB
(The Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships)
O&M

Public administration
53 54

9
Types of PPP Establishing partnerships
• Design-Build (DB) = The private sector designs and builds infrastructure to meet public sector performance
specifications, often for a fixed price, so the risk of cost overruns is transferred to the private sector.

• Operation & Maintenance Contract(O&M): A private operator, under contract, operates a publicly
owned asset for a specified term . Ownership of the asset rem ains with the public entity. • A real need Awareness
• Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO): The private sector designs, finances and constructs a
new facility under a long-term lease, and operates the facility during the term of the lease. The private partner • Understanding
transfers the new facility to the public sector at the end of the lease term. Participation
• Build-Own-Operate: The private sector finances, builds, owns and operates a facility or service in
perpetuity. The public constraints are stated in the original agreement through on-going regulatory authority.
• Mutual trust
Implementation
• Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT): A private entity receives a franchise to finance, design, build
and operate a facility (and to charge user fees) for a specified period, after which ownership is transferred back to
• Visible benefits
the public sector.

• Build-Buy Operate (BBO): Transfer of a public asset to a private or quasi-public entity usually under
• Clear incentives Ownership
contract that the assets are to be upgraded and operated for a specified period of tim e. Public control is exercised
through the contract at the time of transfer.

• Operation Licence (OL): A private operator receives a license or rights to operate a public service,
usually for a specified term.

• Finance Only (FO): A private entity, usually a financial services company, funds a project directly or uses
various mechanisms such as a long term leas or bond issue. 55 56

Public Private Partnerships Risk assessment

• Know and understand your partner.
– Recognize the strengths and the weaknesses of the partnership. • A good risk assessment saves resources.

• Build synergies and trust. • Include ratings from global companies such as S&P
• Maintain open communication. • Risk assessment and management during the Feasibility and
– Give complete and timely communication. Analysis phase of project development.
– Seek to solve problems together.
• Example methods:
• Emphasize and strengthen the partnership through formal
– Simple Factor Rating
written agreements.
– Design-Reality Gap Assessment Techniques
• Honour these agreements.
• Share risks and rewards.
http://www.e-devexchange.org/eGov/riskassess.htm

57 58

Monitoring and Evaluation:

OECD Risk Ratings of Selected Countries
ICT Indicators (OECD list)

Country
Country risk
Country
Country risk • Resources for the • The ICT sector
classification classification Information Society – ICT producing sectors
Azerbaijan 6 Maldives 5 – Investment in ICT – Size and growth of the sector
equipment and software – Contribution of the sector to
Bangladesh 6 Mongolia 7
– Consumption of ICT goods employment growth
China 2 Myanmar (Burma) 7 and services – R&D in selected ICT industries
Chinese Taipei 1 Nepal 7 – ICT patents – Contribution of ICT sector to
Hong Kong 2 Pakistan 7 – Occupations and skills in international trade
India 3 Philippines 5
the information society – ICT sector exports: share in
total exports and composition
Indonesia 6 Solomon Islands 7
– ICT trade specification and
Kazakhstan 5 Sri Lanka 5 comparative advantage
Kyrgyz Republic 7 Thailand 3 – Foreign affiliates in the ICT
Laos 7 Uzbekistan 7 sector
Malaysia 2 Vietnam 5 59 60

10
Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitoring and Evaluation:
ICT Indicators (OECD list) ICT Indicators (OECD list)
• Access to and use of information technologies • Electronic Commerce • ICT in education and
– Telecommunication networks – Infrastructure for Internet government
commerce – ICT in education
– Internet infrastructure – Measuring electronic • Computer access
– Internet subscribers commerce transactions • Computer use at different
– ICT access by households – Internet and electronic education levels
– Internet access by households commerce transactions – ICT in government
– Internet and electronic • Internet and e-mail access
– Use of the Internet by individuals commerce transactions by of civil servants
– Internet access and use by businesses consumers
– Internet access and use by enterprise size and industry – Internet transactions by
– Perceived barriers to Internet access and use in the product and cross-border
business sector – Drivers and inhibitors of
Internet commerce
– The price of Internet access and use – Barriers to Internet
commerce
61 62

ICT Indicators Interoperability framework

• ICT indicators should be: “A set of standards and guidelines which

– Developed in close liaison with NSO’s.
describe the way in which organisations
– Provide the information needed.
– As tangible as possible. have agreed, or should agree, to interact
– Match as much as possible international statistical with each other. An interoperability
standards.
– Make as much as possible use of indicators already
framework is, therefore, not a static
in use. document and may have to be adapted over
time as technologies, standards and
Working group on ICT Statistics (UN-OECD) is
developing questionnaire. administrative requirements change.”
63 64

Interoperability in practice EU Interaction types

1. Organisational Interoperability Government Agency

e-Government Portal
1 in MS2
– Business models and processes.
A2A
– Organisation structures
Government Citizens
– Information needs Agency 2 in MS1
A2C
2. Semantic Interoperability A2A Use e Government e-
services via the Internet
– Readability of exchanged data across different
systems and applications. Harmonisation of Government A2B Enterprise
Agency 1 in MS1
platforms and applications.
3. Technical Interoperability Three levels: In-house
-
applications
– Compatibility of network architecture and hardware. Information dissemination
Data collection
65 Data exchange 66

11
Interoperability considerations EU Interoperability framework

1. Accessibility eEurope
eEurope2005
2005action
actionplan
plan Political impulse
Addresses interactions
A2C
A2C/ /A2B
A2B
A2A
A2A(Member
(MemberStates)
States)

2. Multilingualism IDAbc
IDAbc

European
A2A
A2A(EU
(EUInst.
Inst.––MS)
MS)
European
Citizens, Enterprises
Interoperability
3. Security benefit from Interoperability
Framework
Framework
Target EU
EUInstitutions
Member
Institutions

MemberStates
StatesPublic
Public
Administrations
• Different security levels for each interaction type. Framework
Framework Use
Administrations
Others
Othersinvolved
involvedininthe
the
Takes into account delivery
deliveryofofpublic
public
4. Privacy Other
OtherDocuments
Documents Services
Services

• Different privacy levels for different data type. Includes

Organisational
OrganisationalInt. Semantic
SemanticInt. Technical
TechnicalInt.
5. Subsidiarity Subdidiarity
Subdidiarity Int. Int. Int.

Security
Security&&Privacy
Privacy Life
Lifeevents
events MetaData
MetaData Interconnection
InterconnectionServices
Services
Considered

6. Use of Open Standards versus Propriety Open

OpenStandards
Standards
in Business
Business
episodes
episodes
Data
DataModels
Models Data
DataIntegration
Integration&&Middleware
Middleware
Other Data
DataPresentation
Presentation&&exchange
software. Open
OpenSource
SourceSoftware
Software Other
Other
Other
Accessibility
exchange

Accessibility
Accessibility
Accessibility Security
SecurityServices
Services
67 68

Thank you

www .dataoptics.co.uk 69

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