InPlane Shear Behavior of FiberReinforced

Concrete Composite Metal Deck Slabs

Open Paper Session, ACI Convention Spring 2013

Minneapolis, MN

by
Hisseine Ousmane & Salah Al Toubat
University of Sharjah, UAE
Outline

Introduction

Motivation

Objectives

Significance

Methodology

Results

Summary & Conclusions

 Introduction

Composite Slabs are
common flooring system in
steel buildings.

Basic Components are:

Corrugated Steel Sheet;

WWF * Mesh;

Concrete.

* WWF: Welded Wire Fabric

Burj Khalifa, 4000 m2, 2008
Dubai International Airport, Terminal III
5000 m2, 2005-2006
Trump Tower, 22,000 m2
Dubai - UAE
 Introduction (.

Composite Deck

Temperature &
Shrinkage
Reinforcement

Tensile
Reinforcement

RC Slab
 Motivation

WWF is to control shrinkage and temperature cracks.

Fibers were found also efficient in controlling
temperature cracks.

In high rise buildings, composite slabs serve as lateral
load resisting elements, hence subjected to in-plane
shear.

The wire mesh contributes in resisting
in-plane shear.

Would the fibers provide comparable
in-plane shear strength?
Research Objectives

To perform large-scale testing to study the in-plane shear

behaviour of composite decks slabs reinforced with steel or

synthetic macro fibers;

To compare the diaphragm behaviour of fibrous composite decks

to that of composite decks reinforced with typical WWF;

To Evaluate the viability of using fibers as an alternative

secondary reinforcement in composite deck slabs.

 Research Significance

Most of previous investigations focused on flexural capacity

This research will:

o Focus on the in-plane shear behavior of fiber reinforced

composite deck slabs.

o Supports the new trend of using FRC in composites.

 Methodology

Design, instrument, and test large-scale composite metal

deck slabs under monotonic in-plane loading to

characterize shear behaviour of composite metal decks

with different reinforcing systems

 Study Parameters

Deck Orientation( Perpendicular/ Parallel to the Beam)

Deck Geometry ( Re-entrant / Trapezoidal)

Secondary Reinforcement type (Fiber / Mesh)

Concrete Strength; 40 – 50 Mpa

Fiber Dosage:

o Synthetic Fibers: 3.0 kg/m3 and 5.3 kg/m3

o Steel Fibers: 15.0 kg/m3

 Study Parameters
1- Reentrant Profile

1800 mm 1800 mm 1800 mm

P

1800 mm P

Strong Configuration Weak Configuration

 Study Parameters…
2- Trapezoidal Profile

P 1800 mm

P
1800 mm

Weak Configuration Strong Configuration

Materials: Mix Proportions
Material ( kg/m3) Mix1 Mix2 Mix3 Mix4 Mix5
Cement OPC 380 380 380 380 380
20 mm Aggregate 630 630 630 630 630
10 mm Aggregate 440 440 440 440 440
Fine Aggregate 880 880 880 880 880
Free water, L 180 180 180 180 180
Super plasticizer, L 0.50 0.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
Water Cement Ratio 0.50 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.53

Coarse To Fine Aggregate Ratio 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54

Synthetic Fibers - - 3.0 5.3 -
Steel Fibers - - - - 15.0
Average Cube Compressive
Strength, MPa 46.9 46.77 41.9 45.8 43.6
Materials: WWF Mesh

Two typical sizes of WWF

mesh were used:

Type A 98 A142
Wire Spacing in Both Direction (mm) 200 200
Wire Diameter in Both Direction (mm) 5 6
Cross Sectional Area in Both
Direction(mm2/m) 98 142

Weight Per m2 (Kg/m2) 1.54 2.22

Yield Strength, Mpa 460 460
Elastic Modulus, Gpa 200 200
Material Density, kg/m3 7850 7850
Materials: Synthetic Macro Fibers

Length = 40mm

Aspect ratio = 90

Tensile Strength = 620 MPa

Elastic Modulus = 9.5 GPa
Materials: Steel Fibers
• Length = 60 mm
• Aspect ratio = 65
• Tensile Strength = 1000 MPa
• Elastic Modulus = 200 GPa
 Experimental Program: Test Set  UP

Reaction Frame

Roller
Supports

Hydraulic Actuator

Reaction Beam to Provide the Fixed End

Condition to the Diaphragm
Slab Preparation
 Instrumentation
P P
450 450
SG #3

SG #2 450 450

SG #1 450 SG #4
450
SG #4

450 450

900 900 300 1500

Layout of Gages
Testing
 Results

Load deflection Response

Strain Response

Ultimate in-Plane Shear Capacity

Cracking Pattern an Failure Mode

 Results: Load Deflection Response
Slabs with Reentrant Profile , Strong Direction

400
29%
20%

19%
300
Load (kN)

200
S 4 S S A142 Mesh
G 2 G 3 G
P 3 2
S
G
1 1 5.3 kg/m3 Synthetic Fibers
4
15 kg/m3 Steel Fibers
100 3.0 kg/m3 Synthetic Fibers
A98 Mesh
Control

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Deflection (mm)
 Results: Load Deflection Response…
Slabs with Reentrant Profile , Weak Direction
250

50%
200
30%

8%
Load (kN)

150

100
A 142 mesh
50 5.3 kg/m3 Synthetic Fibers
3.0 kg/m3 Synthetic Fibers
Control
0
0 15 30 45 60
Deflection (mm)
 Results: Ultimate Load
Normalized Ultimate in- Increase in Ultimate
Test Label
plane Load Load (%)
1 C-S-R 290 -
2 M142 –S-R-a 338 16
3 M142 –S-R-b 354 22
4 SN5.3 –S-R-a 365 26
5 SN5.3 –S-R-b 331 14
6 M98 -S-R 290 -
7 SN3.0 –S-R 287 -
8 DR15 –S-R 374 29
9 C-W-R 148 -
10 M142 –W-R 161 8
11 SN5.3 –W-R 221 50
12 SN3.0 –W-R 205 38
 Results: Ultimate Load…

Normalized Ultimate Increase in Ultimate

Test Label
Load Load (%)
13 C-S-T 190 -
14 M142 –S-T 207 9
15 M98 –S-T 197 4
16 SN5.3 –S-T 270 42
17 SN3.0 -S-T 211 11
18 DR15–S-T 225 19
19 M142 –W-T 36 -
20 DR15 –W-T 55 -
 Results: Load Deflection Response…
Slabs with Trapezoidal Profile , Strong Direction
300
42%

250
19%
11%
9%
200
Load (kN)

150
P A 142 mesh
100 3
5.3 kg/m3 Synthetic Fibers
3.0 kg/m3 Synthetic Fibers
4
15 kg/m3 Steel Fibers
50
Control
A 98 mesh
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Deflection (mm)
Results: Strain Response
 Results: Failure Pattern

Slabs tested in the strong direction

developed diagonal tension cracks
 Results: Failure Pattern

SG3
SG2
P SG1
3
SG4 4

2
1

Slabs tested in the weak direction developed

cracks above the deck flute
 Summary & Conclusions

Factors affecting the diaphragm behavior of composite metal decks
are:

Secondary reinforcement type

Steel Deck Profile

Direction of Deck corrugations relative to the main beam.

All slabs tested in the strong configuration failed through diagonal
tension cracking.

All slabs tested in the weak direction failed through cracking above
the deck flute where concrete section is minimal.

Slabs with fibers and mesh exhibited multiple diagonal cracking,
which enhanced their ductility.

Steel Fibers and Synthetic Fibers provide comparable in-plane shear
behavior to Composite Deck Slabs.
 Future Work

Testing of diaphragms with peripheral

flexible frame is required.

Dynamic testing of fiber reinforced

composite diaphragms.
 Acknowledgement

University of Sharjah :

Central Labs

College of Graduate Studies

Emirates Stones, UAE

W.R. Grace, Cambridge

Richard Lee Steel Decking, UK
THANK YOU