Chronology May 16, 1980-August 15, 1980

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Autumn, 1980), pp. 469-483
Published by: Middle East Institute
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 CHRONOLOGY
May 16, 1980-August 15, 1980
ArabIsraeliConflict
(Seealso,Iran,Israel,Lebanon,Pakistan)
1980
May 17: A daytimecurfew was lifted in the occupied
West Banktown of Hebron. A nighttimecurfewre-
mainedin effect. [NYT)
May 18: PalestineLiberationOrganization
(PLO)leader
Yasir 'Arafatwarned West Europeannations that
they wouldpay "dearly"if they continuedtheir"pro-
Zionist policies."[NYT]
May 19: The New York Times reported that Israeli au-
thoritiesthe week beforehadremovedthe familiesof
2 West Bank youths to the Ein Sultanrefugee camp
nearthe Dead Sea, withoutelectricityor runningwa-
ter. The youthshad been accusedof attackingthe ve-
hicles of 2 local militarygovernors.[NYT)
A statementwas issued by 250 prominentIsraelis,
including20 membersof the Knessetand 5 former
generals, urging a "returnto mainstreamZionism"
and the attainmentof peace "throughcompromise
andpartitionof the land of Israel."[NYT]
May20: Three IsraeliSupremeCourtJusticesordered
the governmentto explainwhy 3 Palestinianleaders
hadbeen deportedfromthe occupiedWestBankear-
lier in the monthandwhy they shouldnot be allowed
to return. [NYT}
The UN SecurityCouncilvoted 14 to 0 for a reso-
lutionthat"stronglydeplored"the failureof Israelto
rescinda deportationorderagainst3 West Banklead-
ers. The US abstainedin the vote. [NYT)
May21: The IsraeliDefense Ministryannouncedit had
rescindedbanishmentordersfor 2 Arabfamiliescon-
fined to the Ein Sultanrefugee camp.[NYT)
May 22: A Conference of IslamicForeignMinisters,
meetingin Islamabad,adopteda resolutioncallingfor
the restorationof the "inalienablenationalrights"of
Palestinians.[NYT)
A congressof membersof the Al FathPalestinian
guerrillaorganizationmet in Damascus.[NYT)
List of Abbreviations
AN, Arab News; FBIS,ForeignBroadcastInformationServiceDaily Report-Middle East and North Africa andForeign
BroadcastInformationServiceDaily Report-South Asia; JP, TheJerusalemPost; MEED,Middle East EconomicDigest;
MEES,Middle East EconomicSurvey;NYT, The New York Times; TDN, Turkish Daily News; WP, The Washington
Post.
469
Sixteen Arab nationsannounceda boycott of the
WorldHealth Organization'seasternMediterranean
regionaloffice as long as it remainedin Alexandria,
Egypt.[NYTI
May 25: Israelnamed the Deputy Mayorsof Hebron
andHalhoulas Mayorsto replacethe formerMayors
who had been deported. [NYT]
In an interview published in The Washington Post,
SaudiArabianCrownPrinceFahdsaid that if Israel
"woulddeclareits sincere intentionof withdrawing
from the landsoccupiedin 1967, SaudiArabiawould
do its utmost to bring the Arabsto cooperateand
work for a full settlement."He said also that UN
SecurityCouncilResolution 242 could be made "a
basisfor a peace settlement."[WPI
May 26: An Israeliborderpolicemanwas stabbedand
woundedwhile on patrolin Hebron. [NYTI
May28: SaudiArabianCrownPrinceFahdsaidthatany
solution to the Arab Israeli conflict "must secure
withdrawalby Israel from the occupiedArab terri-
tories,especiallyJerusalem."[NYT)
May29: FormerMayorof HebronShaykhMuhammad
'AllJa'baridied, aged 80. [NYT}
May30: The SecurityCouncilvoted by 14 to 0 to ex-
tend the mandateof the UN DisengagementObserv-
er Forcein thejawlin region6 months.Chinadid not
participatein the vote. [NYT)
IsraeliPremierMenahemBeginwarnedthatIsrael
wouldnot implementthe finalstageof the withdrawal
fromSinaiunderthe termsof the peace treatyunless
Egyptsignedan agreementfor a multinationalforce
to police a bufferzone. UP]
May 31: EgyptianForeignMinisterKamil Hasan 'Ali
said that Egypt was "satisfied"with Israeli "clari-
fications"concerningthe finalstageof the Sinaiwith-
drawal.UP)
June 1: The Al Fathcongressendedin Damascus.A re-
port callingfor "armedpopularrevolution"and the
establishmentof "asecularstate"wasissued.[NYT)
Israeliauthoritiesbanned2 Arabicdailiesfromdis-
tributingtheirnewspapersin the West Bankbecause
the papers"promptedincitementsagainstthe military
government."[NYT)
470 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
June 2: A hand grenade was thrown into a crowd in oc-
cupied Hebron, injuring 7 people. [NYT)
A bomb planted in the car of Ramallah Mayor
Karim Khalaf exploded, blowing off his right foot.
[NYT)
A bomb planted in the car of Nablus Mayor
BassaumShak'ah exploded, blowing off both his legs.
[NYT)
A bomb at the garage of El Bireh Mayor Ibrilhim
al-Tawil exploded, blinding an Israeli Druze ex-
plosive expert sent to search for bombs. [NYT]
Israeli soldiers shot and wounded 2 Arab student
demonstrators in Ramallah. [NYT}
Gaza Mayor Rashid Shawa and the Gaza city coun-
cil resigned in protest against the bombings. [NYT)
June 3: Bethlehem Mayor Ilyas Frayj and the Bethle-
hem city council resigned in protest over the bomb-
ings. [NYT)
Stores and offices in most West Bank cities and East
Jerusalem were closed in a protest strike. [NYT)
June 4: Israeli soldiers forced Arab merchants in Nablus
and other West Bank towns to open their shops.
[NYT)
Israeli Premier Begin was quoted as saying that his
government intended to establish 10 new settlements
in the West Bank. [NYT)
June 5: The Security Council voted 14 to 0 for a resolu-
tion condemning the "assassinationattempts" on the
West Bank and expressing "deep concern" that Israel
had failed, as occupying power, "to provide adequate
protection to the civilian population." The US ab-
stained in the vote. [NYT)
Nablus Mayor Shak'ah was taken to Jordan for
medical treatment. [NYT)
Bethelehem Mayor Frayj and Gaza Mayor Shawa
withdrew their resignations. UP]
June 6: The Israeli Supreme Court rejected an appeal
for the release of Jewish Defense League leader Rabbi
Meir Kahane and a colleague who had been arrested
by Israeli authorities under administrative detention
orders in May. [NYT)
June 7: Israeli soldiers crossed the Jordanian border in
pursuit of "a terrorist squad" that was trying to cross
into Israel. Two Arabs were killed. [NYT)
June 8: An Israeli official said that an Israeli yeshiva stu-
dent had been arrested in possession of explosive de-
tonators. [NYT)
US President Jimmy Carter sent a letter to Egyp-
tian President Anwar al-Sadat suggesting a formula
for resumption of Egyptian Israeli negotiations on
Palestinian autonomy. [NYT)
June 9: An official of Al Fath said that the organization
would reestablish a base in Jordan for military opera-
tions against Israel. [NYT)
The US offered Shak'ah and Ramallah Mayor Kha-
laf medical treatment in the US. [NYT)
June 10: An Israeli border policeman in Jerusalem was
wounded by a sniper. [NYT)
June 1 1: The US said that the heads of the Egyptian and
Israeli negotiating teams would come to Washington
"to prepare for the resumption of formal negotia-
tions" on Palestinian autonomy. [NYT)
June 13: The heads of state and government of the 9
European Economic Community (EEC) nations is-
sued a declaration in Venice which said that Israeli
settlements "as well as modifications in population
and property in the occupied Arab territories" were
"illegal under international law," said that the EEC
would "not accept any unilateral initiative designed to
change the status of Jerusalem," and asserted that the
PLO would have to be "associated"with peace nego-
tiations. The declaration called for "the right to exis-
tence and to security of all the states in the region"
and "the recognition of the legitimate rights of the
Palestinian people." [NYT)
June 14: The PLO said that the EEC declaration "came
short of our expectations." (NYT)
The New York Times reported that about 90 US
Jews had issued a statement calling on Israelis and US
Jews not to follow policies which undermined Israel's
"new relations with Egypt and its longstanding rela-
tionship with the United States." (NYT)
June 15: Seven people were injured when a gasoline
bomb was thrown into a cafe in the West Bank village
of Anabta. [NYT)
June 16: An Israeli patrol boat intercepted and killed 3
guerrillas in a rubber craft off the coast of Gali-
lee. [NYT}
June 17: Jordanian King Husayn met with US President
Carter on the situation in the Middle East. The talks
were described as "both very frank and extremely
cordial and constructive." [NYT}
June 18: King Husayn met with Carter and called his
meetings in Washington "extremely fruitful." [NYT]
US officials said that King Husayn had assured the
US that Jordan would not permit Palestinian guerril-
las to use its territory to carry out military operations
against Israel. [NYT)
June 19: Saudi Arabian King Khalid said in West Berlin
that he hoped Jerusalem would "once again be in-
tegrated with the Arab territory"with "the support of
those nations who befriend us." [NYT)
An Arab woman was injured when an Israeli bor-
der policeman accidentally fired a burst of machine
gun fire in Bethlehem. [JP]
June 21: Frayj called for an end to violence in the West
Bank. [NYT)
June 22: An Israeli government official disclosed that
Begin had decided to move his office and the Cabinet
conference room to East Jerusalem. [NYT)
June 23: The Arab woman wounded in Bethelehem by
an Israeli border policeman died. [NYTI
Two Israeli soldiers were formally charged with
conspiring to blow up mosques and Christian mis-
sionary institutions with explosives stolen from the
army. [NYT)
A bomb exploded in a grocery store in a Tel Aviv
suburb, wounding 3 people. [NYT)
UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim expressed
great concern" over the Israeli decision to move the
Premier's office to East Jerusalem, saying it would
"heighten tension" in the Middle East. [NYT)
June 24: The International Labor Organization voted by
249 to 15 with 165 abstentions for a resolution that
denounced Israeli policies establishing settlements in
"Palestine and the occupied Arab territories." [NYT)
 CHRONOLOGY 471

June25: Begin said he wantedIsraeliuniversitiesto ex- Palestinianpeople had "arightto self-determination,

pel Arab students who openly supportedthe PLO. includingstatehood."[NYT]
[NYT) Nine Arabwomenwent on a hungerstrikein sym-
June 29: Jewish Defense LeagueleaderRabbi Kahane pathywith their sons, who were prisonersat Nafha
wassentencedto 6 monthsin jailfor incitingviolence Prison.[NYT)
in the West Bank the previousyear.[NYT) July 28: Venezuelasaid it was movingits Embassyin
June 30: The SecurityCouncilvoted by 14 to 0 with 1 Israel from West Jerusalemto Tel Aviv because of
abstentionto deplore Israelipolicies towardJerusa- Israeli efforts to make all of Jerusalemits capital.
lem. [NYT) [NYT}
The VaticanSecretariatof Statecirculateda state- An Arab was arrested in Belgium after he had
ment sayingthatany unilateralattemptto changethe hurled2 handgrenadesinto a group of Jewish teen-
statusof Jerusalemwould be "veryserious."[NYT) agers in Antwerp.One person was killed in the at-
July 1: Khalafleft Ammanfor medicaltreatmentin the tack. JP]
United States.[FBIS) July 29: The UN GeneralAssemblyvoted by 112 to 7
July 2. EgyptianForeignMinister'All andIsraeliInteri- with24 abstentionsfor a resolutionwhich:reaffirmed
or MinisterYosef Burgmet withUS SpecialEnvoyto the rightsof the Palestinianpeople to self-determina-
the MiddleEastSol Linowitzin Washington.[NYT) tion and to establish an "independent sovereign
July 3: 'All and IsraeliInteriorMinisterBurg met with state;"reaffirmedthe rightsof the PLOto participate
US SpecialEnvoyLinowitzin Washington.LaterLi- "in all efforts,deliberationsand conferenceson the
nowitz said Egypt and Israel had agreed to resume questionof Palestine,"andcalleduponIsraelto with-
negotiations.[NYT) draw from all Arab territoriesoccupied since June
July 6: It wasreportedthatIsraeliArmyauthoritieshad 1967 "includingJerusalem"before November 15,
restricted8 Israeli Arabs to their hometownsfor 6 1980. [NYT)
monthsandplaceda curfewon them. [NYT) July 30: The IsraeliKnesset voted by 69 to 15 with 3
July 9: Shak'ahreturnedto Nablus.Hundredsof Pales- abstentionsto approvea bill thatmade"completeand
tinianswelcomedhim. [NYT) unitedJerusalem"the capitalof Israel.The bill pro-
July 11: The WorldJewish Congresssaidthata solution vided that the holy places would be protectedfrom
of the ArabIsraeliconflictshouldinclude"duerecog- "anythingthat is likely to prejudicethe freedom of
nition of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian accessof the religiouscommunitiesto the placesholy
people."CNYT] to them."[NYT)
US presidentialcandidateJohn Anderson toured July 31: Turkeyannouncedit was summoninghome its
EastJerusalemand met with Begin. Laterhe flew to charged'affairesin Tel Aviv becauseof the Israeli
Cairofor talkswith Egyptianleaders.[NYT) vote on Jerusalem.[NYT}
July 13: IsraeliJustice MinisterShmuelTamirtold re- Aug. 1: Egyptsaidit wouldnot suspendtalkswith Israel
portersin Cairothat IsraelbelievedJerusalemto be on Palestinianautonomyor recallits Ambassadorto
"aunifiedcity, the capitalof Israel,withinIsraelisov- Israel.[NYT)
ereignty."[NYT) Aug. 2: The KuwaytinewspaperAl-Qabasquoted Ku-
EgyptianandIsraelinegotiatorsmet in Cairoon the wayti Finance Minister 'Abd al-RahmanSalim al-
questionof Palestinianautonomy.[NYT) 'Atiqias sayingSaudiArabiaand Kuwaythad frozen
multimilliondollarloans to the WorldBank to pro-
July 14: Egyptian,Israeli and US negotiatorsmet in
were unable to test the denial of observerstatus to the PLO at an
Cairo on Palestinianautonomybut
upcoming WorldBank meeting.[NYT]
agree on an agendafor futuretalks.[NYT)
'Ali said that Egypt had asked for a delay in the
July 15: Israeli militarysources said it had been discov-
autonomytalks until Israeli reaction to a message
ered that a group in the Gaza Striphad plannedto from Sadat to Begin concerning Jerusalem was
murderAgricultureMinisterAriel Sharon.[NYT] "clear".[NYT]
EgyptandIsraelended talksin Cairo.Egyptianand Aug. 3: Egypt delivered a letter from Sadatto Begin
Israeliofficialsclashedover the issueof Jerusalemat a concerningthe law on Jerusalem.[NYT)
news conference.[NYT) 'Ali said that Egypt "totallyrejected"the law on
July 18; The Israeli government approved a plan to Jerusalemand said that althoughEgyptwas not sus-
builda roadalongsidethe wallsof the old city of Jeru- pending autonomytalks it was "waitingfor the re-
salem.[NYT) movalof the obstaclescreatedby Israel."[NYT]
July 22: An Arabprisonerfrom Nafhaprisonwho had Aug. 4: A US spokesmansaid that the US did not see
been on a hungerstrike died of pneumonia.UP) Jerusalem"as an obstacle"to the autonomy talks.
July 23: The bill to makeJerusalemthe capitalof Israel [NYT]
passedits firstreadingin the Knesset. [JP] Aug. 6: SaudiArabiaand Iraq issued a joint commu-
The IsraeliCommissionerof Prisonssaid that the nique whichsaid the 2 nationswould sever political
prisonerwho had died the daybeforehadapparently andeconomicties with any countrythatacceptedthe
sufferedlung damagewhile being force fed. [NYT) Israeliannexationof Jerusalemor thatretaineddiplo-
July 24: A secondPalestinianprisonerfromNafhaPris- maticmissionsin Jerusalem.[MEES]
on died afterhavingbeen force fed by Israeliprison Aug. 7: Seven prominentWest Bank Arabs were or-
personnelduringa hungerstrike.[NYT) dered confinedto their homes. [NYT]
July 25: UN SecretaryGeneralWaldheimsaid that the Aug.8: Israeldeliveredto Egypta responseby Begin to
472 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
a letter earlier in the week from Sidat concerning the
question of Jerusalem and the autonomy talks.
[NYTI
Aug. 9: Egyptian Vice President Husni Mubarak said
there had been "nothing positive" in the Israeli reply.
[NYT]
Shak'ah arrived in Paris for medical tests. [NYTI
Qatar announced it had decided to sever relations
with any state that transferred its Embassy to Jerusa-
lem. [FBIS]
Aug. 10: Kuwayt said that it would cut all ties with any
nation that recognized the Israeli law on Jerusalem.
['NYT
Aug. 11: The text of the letter by Begin to Sadat was
made public. [NYT]
Aug. 12: Egyptian Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
Butrus Ghgli flew to Bucharest for talks with Ruma-
nian leaders on the situation in the Middle East.
{NYTE
Israeli explosives experts dismantled a total of 2
bombs in Jerusalem and Dimona. [NYT]
Aug. 13: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd said that talk
about peace with Israel had become "a kind of illu-
sion." [NYT]
The US State Department said the US "doesn't ac-
cept nor has it ever accepted unilateral national legis-
lation dealing with Jerusalem." [NYT]
Aug. 15: Sadat proposed in a letter to Begin that a sum-
mit meeting be held with the US after the US presi-
dential elections. The text of the letter was made
public. [NYT}
Uruguay announced that it would move its Em-
bassy from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv. [NYT]
The prison commander of Nafha Prison said that all
but 3 Palestinian prisoners at the prison had ended a
33 day hunger strike for better prison conditions.
[NYT]
General
1980
May 19: Austria, Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands and
Sweden decided to send teams to the Olympic Games
in Moscow despite a call by the US for a boycott to
protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. [NYT]
May 20: The Italian National Olympic Committee
voted to compete in the Olympic Games in Moscow.
[NYT]
May 22: The Israeli Olympic Committee voted to boy-
cott the Olympics. [NYT]
May 23: Turkish Olympic officials voted to boycott the
Olympic Games. [NYT]
Australia and Spain decided to participate in the
Olympics. [NYT]
May 24: The Japanese Olympic Committee decided not
to send a team to the Olympics. [NYT]
May 25: Jordan announced that it would participate in
the Olympic Games in Moscow. [NYT)
May 26: The Tunisian Olympic Committee decided not
to participate in the Olympic Games because of "the
aggression which the Muslim people of Afghanistan
have experienced." [FBIS]
PetroleumAffairs
1980
May 19: Libya raised the price of its crude oil by $2 and
Algeria by $1 per barrel. [NYT)
May 21: Qatar raised the price of its crude oil by $2 per
barrel. [NYT)
June 9; The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Coun-
tries (OPEC) opened a meeting in Algiers. [NYT)
June 10: The OPEC meeting ended in Algiers. It was
agreed that prices for oil would be set between a floor
price of $28 per barrel and a ceiling of $37 per barrel.
[NYT)
June 11: Kuwayt, Iraq and Qatar raised their oil prices
by as much as $2 per barrel, beginningJuly 1. [NYT}
June 30: Kuwayt announced it was raising the price of its
oil by $2 per barrel. [NYT]
July 18: PetroleumIntelligenceWeekly reported that the
National Iranian Oil Company had reduced the price
of some of its oil by as much as $1 a barrel. [NYT)
Afghanistan
(Seealso, General, Iran, Pakistan)
1980
May 18: Indian Foreign Secretary R. D. Satha met with
President Babrak Karmal in Kabul. [FBIS)
May 22: A Conference of Islamic Foreign Ministers,
meeting in Islamabad, adopted a resolution which de-
manded the "immediate, total and unconditional
withdrawal of all Soviet troops" from Afghanistan and
decided to establish a committee that would open
"appropriate consultations" to seek a solution to the
crisis in Afghanistan. [NYT)
May 23: The US State Department said that Afghan sol-
diers and police had used cattle prods and fire hoses
to break up demonstrations in Kabul during the
week. [NYT)
May 24: Demonstrators protesting the Soviet presence
in Afghanistan marched in Kabul. [NYT)
June 7: Travellers arriving in New Delhi from Kabul
said that hundreds of Afghans had abandoned their
 CHRONOLOGY
homes to escape a battlenear KabulbetweenSoviet
troopsand Afghaninsurgents.[NYT]
June 8: Kabulradioannouncedthat 10 supportersand
aides of slain formerPresidentHafizullahAmin had
been executed. [NYT)
June 9: It was reportedthat Soviet bombersbackedby
tankshaddestroyedvillagesoutside Kabul,killingup
to 1,000 insurgents.[NYT)
June 14: Kabul Domestic Service reported that former
CommunicationsMinister MohamadZarif, former
Border AffairsMinisterSahibyanSahraiand former
PlanningMinisterMohamedSediqAlemyarhadbeen
executed. [FBISI
Afghaninsurgentleadersreportedthatheavyfight-
ing was takingplacein PaktiaProvinceaftera Soviet
armoredcolumnhadbeen ambushednorthof Urgun.
[NYT)
June22: The Soviet Union announcedthat"somearmy
units"in Afghanistanwere being withdrawnto the
Soviet Union "on agreementwith the AfghanGov-
ernment."[NYT)
The leadersof 7 westernindustrialnations,meet-
ing in Venice, said that a Soviet withdrawalwould
have to be "permanentand continue until the com-
plete withdrawalof the Soviet troops."[NYT)
June 23: Moscowradioreportedfrom Kabulthata So-
viet divisionand 108 tankswere being pulled out of
Afghanistan.[NYT)
June 26: NATO foreignministers,meetingin Ankara, May 29: Saudi ArabianCrown Prince Fahd met with
called for the "immediate,unconditionaland total
withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan." May30: SaudiArabianCrownPrinceFahdleft Algiers
[NYT)
June 30: West German ChancellorHelmut Schmidt July 15: The Cabinetwas reshuffledas follows:
called on the Soviet Union in Moscow to make a
"completewithdrawal" from Afghanistan.[NYT)
July 2: The Soviet CommunistPartynewspaperPravda
said that for a politicalsettlementof the situationin
Afghanistanto take place, armedincursionsby the
"mercenaries of the imperialistandreactionaryforces
fromthe territoryof neighboringstates"mustfirstbe
ended. [NYT)
July 9: It was reportedthat insurgentshad raideda So-
viet militarycampnorth of Kabul3 daysearlierand
thatSovietforceshadrespondedwith 3 daysof coun-
ter-attacks.[NYT)
July 20: Radio Kabulreporteda shuffleof administra-
tive posts had been effected and said that President
Karmalhad set up a "generalpresidencyfor guid-
ance"to supervisethe administrativework of prov-
inces and municipalities.[NYT)
July 23: Radio Pakistansaid that EducationMinister
AnahitaRatebzadand the Deputy Ministerof Interi-
or Affairshad been killed in Kabul 2 days earlier.
[NYT)
July 25: It wasreportedthat2 battleshadtakenplacein
July between Afghansoldiers of the ParchamParty
andthe Khalqfaction.At least 21 soldierswerekilled
in the battles. [NYT)
July 31: It wasreportedthatSoviet troopshadfoiled an
attempted coup againstthe governmentby Afghan
forces 2 weeks earlier.[NYT)
Aug. 3: It was reported that Soviet forces had taken
473
commandof the Ghaznigarrisonsouthof Kabulafter
most of the Afghan troops there had deserted or
joined the insurgents.[NYT)
Aug. 7.'The US StateDepartmentissueda reportsaying
it was "highlylikely"thatthe Soviet Union had used
outlawedchemicalweaponsagainstinsurgentforces
in Afghanistan.[NYT)
Aug. 10: Afghanistanradioreportedthat Government
forces had destroyed"alarge number"of insurgents
in air and ground offensives in Balkh Province.
[NYT)
Aug. 11: The New YorkTimesreportedthatfightingbe-
tween Afghangeurrillasand governmenttroopshad
takenplacein HeratandKandahar"inthe lastweek."
[NYT)
Algeria
(Seealso,PetroleumAffairs,Morocco)
1980
PresidentChadliBenjedidin Algiers. [FBIS)
at the end of talkswith Algerianleaders.[AN]
MohamedBen AhmedAbdel-Ghani:Premier
AhmedTalibIbrahimi:Presidential Adviser
BoualemBen Hamouda:Interior
MohamedSeddikBen Yahia:ForeignAffairs
SalimSaadi:Agriculture& AgrarianReform
BrahimBrahmia:Hydrolics
MohamedKortebi:PublicWorks
BelkacemNabi:Energy& Petrochemicals
Said Ait Massaoudene:LightIndustry
MohamedLiassine:HeavyIndustry
MohamedHadj Yala:Finance
Abdel-HamidBrahimi:Planning& RegionalDevel-
opment
Abdel-RazzakBouhara:Health
Abdel-Hak Brerhi:Higher Education& Scientific
Research
CherifKharroubi:Primary& Secondary Education
MouloudOumeziane:Labor& Vocational Training
Abdel-AzizKhellef:Commerce
Abdel-NourBekka:Posts& Telecommunications
Ahmed Ali Ghazali:Housing,Construction & Town
Planning
BakhtiNemmiche:Mujdhidin
Abdel-RahmaneChibane:ReligiousAffairs
Djamel Houhou:Youth& Sports
Abdel-MadjidAllahoum:Tourism
SalahGoudjil:Transport
BoualemBaki:Justice
BoualemBessaieh:Information &Culture[MEED)
474 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Bahrayn
(Seealso, Oman)
1980
June 21: Yemeni Deputy Premier Muhammad 'Abd al-
Rahmin al-Ruba'i arrived in Manama from Qatar for
talks with Bahrayni leaders. [FBIS]
June 23: It was announced that Amir Shaykh 'Isa bin
Salmin Al Khalffah had accepted the resignation of
Labor and Social Affairs Minister Shaykh 'Isa bin
Muhammad Al Khalifah. [FBIS}
June 26. Niger President Seyni Kountche arrived in
Manama on an official 3 day visit. [FBIS}
Cyprus
1980
June 7: UN special envoy Javier Perez de Cuellar said
that Turkish Cypriot leaders had rejected a UN initia-
tive to reopen intercommunal negotiations on the Cy-
prus question. [NYT)
June 9: President Spyros Kyprianou arrived in Prague
on an official visit to Czechoslovakia. [TDN]
June 11: President Kyprianou arrived in East Berlin for
talks with East German leaders. [TDN)
June 20: The UN Security Council approved a 6 month
extension of the mandate of the UN peacekeeping
forces. [MEED]
June 26: Kyprianou ended 4 days of talks with Greek
leaders in Athens. [MEED)
Aug. 9: Representatives of the Greek Cypriot and Turk-
ish Cypriot communities met in Nicosia under UN
auspices. [TDN]
Egypt
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Iran, Morocco)
1980
May 22: Egyptians went to the polls to approve a refer-
endum on amendments to the constitution. Among
the amendments were provisions allowing President
Anwar al-Sadit to remain in office indefinitely and
making the Islamic religious code the principal source
of legislation. [NYT}
May 23: The government announced that the constitu-
tional amendments had been endorsed by 98.96% of
the voters. [NYT)
Vice President Husni Mubarak met with US Presi-
dent Jimmy Carter in Washington. [NYT)
US Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt
arrived in Cairo on a 4 day visit. [FBIS)
May 27: Vice President Mubirak arrived in London
from Bonn on a 1 day visit and met with British Pre-
mier Margaret Thatcher. [FBIS]
June 5: President Sadat said that if Ethiopia interfered
with Egypt's water from the Nile there would be "no
alternative but for us to use force." [NYT]
June 14: An Egyptian who worked for the Iraqi Atomic
Energy Commission was found murdered in Paris.
[NYT]
June 16: Egypt announced that it was reimposing martial
law in the regions along its border with Libya. [NYT]
July 100:A squadron of US F-4E Phantom jets arrived in
Cairo from the US for 90 days of training exercises
with the Egyptian Air Force. [NYT}
July 12: US presidential candidate John Anderson ar-
rived in Egypt for talks with Egyptian leaders. [AN]
Iran
(Seealso, Petroleum Affairs, Morocco, Pakistan, Syria)
1980
May 17: A man was killed and another wounded at a
hotel in London when a bomb they were handling ex-
ploded. The men were believed to be Iranians.
[NYT)
May 18: European Economic Community (EEC) For-
eign Ministers said they would impose sanctions
against Iran on contracts signed since the taking of the
US hostages the previous November. [NYT]
May 19: Iranian armed forces units held maneuvers in
the Strait of Hormuz. [NYT)
The British government decided to limit economic
sanctions against Iran to new contracts only. [NYT]
May 20: In a statement from Zenjan, students holding
US hostages said that any vote in the Parliament
against a trial of the hostages would "not speak for the
nation." [NYT)
Helicopters crossed into Iranian airspace from Af-
ghanistan and opened fire, killing at least 1 person.
[NYT)
May 21: The Pars News Agency said that 2 helicopters
from Afghanistan had violated Iranian airspace from
Afghanistan during the day but had been repulsed by
border forces. [NYT]
Twenty people accused of narcotics offenses were
executed. [NYT)
May 22: A Conference of Islamic Foreign Ministers,
meeting in Islamabad, adopted a resolution opposing
any action against the sovereignty or territorial integ-
rity of Iran and warning against imposition of eco-
nomic sanctions against Iran. [NYT]
 CHRONOLOGY
The EEC trade embargo with Iran went into effect.
Only Britain refused to make the measures retroac-
tive to the previous November. [NYT]
Japan said it would impose a freeze on contracts
signed with Iran since the seizure of the US hostages.
[NYT)
Nine people were executed in Tehran for dealing
in narcotics. [NYT)
May 23: Military authorities said they had uncovered
plans for a coup that was to have been staged the fol-
lowing day by a former general. [NYT}
Demonstrators denouncing the US marched
through Tehran and 14 other cities. [NYT)
May 24: The International Court of Justice ruled that
Iran had violated and was still violating obligations to
the US and that Iran must "immediately take full
steps to redress the situation." It unanimously de-
cided that Iran must "immediately terminate the un-
lawful detention" of the US hostages and said the
hostages could not be held in Iran "to be subjected to
any formal judicial proceedings." The Court voted by
12 to 3 that Iran was obligated to make "reparations"
to the US. [NYT]
May 25: Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky arrived in
Tehran "to collect better information about the Is-
lamic revolution." [NYT)
Adib Da'Qdi, a member of the UN commission
that had visited Iran the previous March, met with
Foreign Minister Sadiq Qutabzadah in Iran. [NYT)
May 26: Austrian Chancellor Kreisky met with Presi-
dent Abuilhasan Bani Sadr on the hostage situation
and departed Iran. [NYT)
May 28: A Majlis, or Parliament, convened in Tehran.
[NYT)
May 29: Britain imposed economic sanctions against
Iran. Restrictions applied only to new contracts being
negotiated by traders not already doing business with
Iran. [NYT)
June 2: A group of 10 Americans, including former US
Attorney General Ramsey Clark, arrived in Tehran to
attend an international conference on US "inter-
vention in Iran." [NYT)
The international conference on US "intervention"
opened in Tehran. [NYT}
June 3: Former Attorney General Clark volunteered to
take the place of any of the US hostages if it would
help end the crisis. [NYT)
Pakistani Foreign Affairs Minister Agha Shahi ar-
rived in Tehran to attend meetings of a 3 member
committee on Afghanistan. [FBIS)
June 4. Clark said he had agreed to a request by Presi-
dent Bani Sadr that he form a commission in the US
to investigate US involvement in Iran during the rule
of deposed Shah Muhammad Riza Pahlavi. [NYT)
June 6. The final document of the conference on
"United States intervention in Iran" denounced the
US for interference in Iran and called Clark a "latter-
day Rudolf Hess." [NYT]
June 7: Six members of the American delegation to the
conference met with the student captors of the US
hostages in Tehran. [NYT)
June 8. Iran and Rumania signed a trade pact. [NYTI
475
June 10: Ayat AllIh Ruh Allih Khuymaynisaid that
Iran was in "chaos"and that he was worried"that
the IslamicRepubliccould be defeatedby those who
are on our side."[NYT)
Tehranradioreportedthat 16 people hadbeen ex-
ecuted in Tehran.[NYT}
June I 1: The New York Times reported that Ghulam 'ARl
'Uvaysli,formerArmyCommanderunderthe depos-
ed Shah,saidthatthe Iranianpeople were becoming
"enraged"at injusticesin Iran and that "the Tehran
regime'sdaysare numbered."[NYT)
June12: Supportersof AyatAllih Khumayniattackeda
rallybeing held by the People's Mujihidin.Revolu-
tionaryguardsopened fire. At least 1 person was
killed. [NYT)
The New York Times reported that Iran had an-
nouncedthat it had uncovereda conspiracyto over-
throwthe regime.[NYT)
June 14: AhmadKhumayni,son 6f the AyatAllah,criti-
cized the attackon the People'sMujihidinas "adis-
grace to God and a disgrace to Islam." [NYT)
June16: Memberof the UN CommissionDa'idi ended
his visit to Iran. Foreign MinisterQutabzadahsaid
that Da'5d! and the UN fact findingcommissionof
whichhe wasa parthad"nomore reason,as faras we
are concerned,to returnto Iran."[NYT)
June17: The Commanderof the RevolutionaryGuards,
an appointeeof Bani$adr,resignedbecauseof "pow-
er-seekingandgroupdivisions"in theguards.[NYT)
June 18: The US Senatevoted to deplorethe actionsof
privatecitizenswho would take part in negotiations
affectingthe hostages.[NYT)
June 19: Bani $adrappointeda new Chiefof Staff,Air
ForceCommanderand ArmyCommander.[NYT)
The newspaper The Islamic Revolutionpublished a
transcriptof a purportedconversationappearingto
implicatean officialof the IslamicRepublicPartyin a
plot to underminethe authorityof Bani$adr.[NYT)
The head of the state radio resigned his post.
[NYT)
June21: Militarycourtsaccuseda groupof allegedarmy
plottersof havingties to Iraqandsaidthat27 soldiers
had been arrested.[NYT)
June22: Two intrudersgainedentry to a house in New
York City occupiedby relativesof the deposedShih.
The intrudersfled afterbeingconfrontedby security
guards.[NYT)
June 25: The Ayat Allaihcriticized "turbanedinfil-
trators"who were tryingto undermineIslamin his
name. [NYT)
June 26: The Islamic Revolutionpublished the outline of
an agreementbetweenBani$adrandmembersof the
IslamicRepublicParty.[NYT)
June 27: The Ayat Allih called on the governmentto
"purgethose governmentofficialswho were "com-
mittingcorruption"in their offices. [NYT)
The Shiahwas admittedto a hospitalnear Cairo.
[NYT}
US officialssaid the US was responsiblefor some
radiobroadcastsin Persianaimedat underminingthe
Ayat Allih. [NYT)
June 28: EgyptianPresident Anwar al-Sidat said the
476 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Shah was in "very serious condition." [NYT}
Pakistani Foreign Minister Agha Shahi arrived in
Tehran to meet with Iranian leaders. [FBIS]
June 29. Ban! Sadr announced that he had appointed
Kizim Bujnurdi as Commander of the Revolutionary
Guards. [NYTI
June 30: A Soviet diplomat was ordered expelled for
spying. [NYT]
The Shah underwent minor surgery at a hospital
near Cairo. [NYTI
July 1. Employees of Tehran's water board went on
strike, demanding pay increases. [NYT}
July 2: Iranian physicians staged a 1 day strike to protest
the execution of a doctor earlier in the week. [NYT}
July 3. Four people were executed by stoning in Ker-
man. [NYT]
Seven people were executed by firing squads.
[NYTI
July 4. More than 500,000 people marched in Tehran in
support of the Ayat AllIh and demanded the purge of
all "counterrevolutionaries" from the government.
[NYT]
Fourteen people were executed in Shiraz for drug
offenses. [NYT]
Police in France stormed the Iranian Embassy in
Paris and arrested Iranian students who had occupied
the building to protest against Qutabazadahand other
government officials. [NYT]
US President Jimmy Carter said that "fanatics"and
"terrorists" in Iran were responsible for the contin-
ued holding of the hostages. [NYT]
July 5: About 2,000 women demonstrated in Tehran to
protest against an Islamic dress code. [NYT]
July 6. The student captors broadcast a statement saying
that some of the hostages had been transferred from 3
cities to other sites because of "satanic plots" by the
US against the lives of the hostages. [NYT]
July 7. The Soviet press agency Tass said that it had in-
formation that elements in Iran hostile to the Soviet
Union intended to carry out "provocative actions"
against its Embassy in Tehran and demanded that Iran
take "all appropriate measures" to prevent such ac-
tions. [NYT]
July 8: Seven men convicted of drug trafficking were
executed in Tehran. Ten other people were executed
in various parts of the country. [NYT]
The government announced a ban on all political
demonstrations "for reasons of security." [NYT]
July 10: It was announced that the government had
smashed a plot by military officers to bomb the home
of the Ayat Allih and other targets in Tehran and
Qum. [NYT]
July 11. The New York Times reported that the Ayat
AllIh had ordered the release of Richard Queen, one
of the US hostages, because of illness. [NYT]
Queen flew to Zurich and was hospitalized for ob-
servation. [NYT]
Former Premier Shahpur Bakhtiyar praised in ex-
ile the "courage and determination' of the plotters.
[NYT]
July 12: Queen was transferred from Zurich to a US Air
Force hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany. [NYT]
A spokesman said that at least 7 people had been
killed in connection with the coup plot. [NYT}
July 13: An official said that 2 former generals had been
arrested as masterminds of the plot and had confessed
that they wanted to bring former Premier Bakhtiyar
"back to Iran." [NYT)
July 14: The New YorkTimes reported that firing squads
had executed 26 people, including a general, during
the night. [NYT]
July 15: It was announced that Queen was suffering
from multiple sclerosis. [NYT)
July 16: The government banned all travel into and out
of the country for 48 hours in order to aid efforts to
capture coup plotters.- [NYT]
July 17: Authorities announced that former Health
Minister Anfishirvin Puiyan and former Commerce
and Industry Minister 'Abbas Qtili Bakhtiyair had
been arrested in a search for conspirators. [NYTI
July 18: Eight people were hanged in Tehran. {NYT}
Tehran radio broadcast a statement by a group
called the "Guardsmen of Islam" which said that
Bakhtiyar had been condemned to death. [NYT)
Gunmen in Paris attempted to assassinate Bakh-
tiyar at his apartment. Bakhtiyar was unhurt but 2
people were killed in the attack. Three gunmen were
captured. [NYT]
Queen arrived in Washington. [NYT]
July 19: Qutabzadah said in Paris that Iran had had
nothing to do with the assassination attempt and that
it had "denounced such actions anywhere in the
world." [NYTI
July 20. The Ayat Allah said that the new government
that would be appointed must be "decisive and 100
percent Islamic," and said the Majlis must reject any
proposed ministers who were not "100 percent revo-
lutionary." [NYT)
The Majlis elected Ayat Allah Hashimi Rafsanjani
as Speaker. [NYT]
July 21: Six people accused of subversion were exe-
cuted. [FBIS]
July 22. A gunman assassinated 'All Akhbar Tabatabili,
a former press attache, in Bethesda, Maryland.
Tabataba'i was an opponent of the Ayat A11ah.
[NYT]
State radio reported that Ban! Sadr had proposed
Ahmad Khumayni as Premier the month before but
that the Ayat Allah had rejected the proposal. [NYT]
Ban! $adr was formally sworn in by the Majlis as
President. [FBIS]
July 23: Three bombs exploded in a parking lot in cen-
tral Tehran, killing 6 people and injuring at least 100
others. [NYT]
July 25: Iran denounced Israel and the US in the UN
General Assembly during a debate on the question of
Palestine. The US delegation walked out of the As-
sembly. [NYT]
July 26: Bani $adr nominated Mustafa Mir Salim to be
Premier. [NYTI
July 27: The Shah died in an Egyptian military hospital
near Cairo, aged 60. [NYT]
Egyptian President Sadat ordered a state funeral to
be held for the Shah. [NYT]
 CHRONOLOGY 477

The US issued a statement saying the death of the fahan was arrested on charges of spying. [NYT)
Shah marked "the end of an era in Iran, which all Iranians demonstrated in support of the Ayat Allah
hope will be followed by peace and stability."[NYT) in Washington. Counter demonstrators confronted
Iranian supporters and opponents of the Ayat them. [NYT)
Allih demonstrated in Washington. More than 190 Three of the detained Iranians on hunger strike in
male and female demonstrators were arrested. London were removed to a prison hospital. [NYT)
[NYT] Italian police arrested 22 Iranians demonstrating in
July 29: The Shah was buried at Al Rifa'i Mosque in support of Iranians held in the US and Britain.
Cairo. [NYT] [NYT]
The Foreign Ministry said the police in Washington Aug. 9: Bani Sadr nominated Education Minister
had engaged in "savage attacks" on demonstrators Muhammad 'Ali Raja'l to be Premier. [NYT)
supporting the Ayat Allah. [NYT] A spokesman for an Iranian student organization
July 30: A letter signed by 187 members of the US Con- said in the US that the organization had not been re-
gress urging Iran to resolve the hostage crisis was read ceiving "any money" from the government of Iran.
in the Majlis. [NYT] [NYT)
July 31: Twenty four people, including 11 implicated in The Iranian Embassy in London charged that Brit-
the coup plot, were executed in various cities. [NYT} ish police had "unjustly assaulted" supporters of the
Aug. 2: It was announced that the male and female Ira- Ayat AllIh who had been detained while demonstrat-
nian demonstrators who had been arrested in Wash- ing earlier in the week. [NYT)
ington had been transferred to separate detention Aug. 11: The Majlis approved the nomination of Raja'i
facilities in New York state. None of the detainees as Premier. [NYT)
would give their names to US authorities. [NYT) Aug. 13: The British Foreign Office said it feared that 2
Aug. 3: The Ayat Allah said that the Iranian demon- Anglican missionaries had been arrested in Iran and
strators detained in the US were "chained in prison said that "urgent inquiries" were being made with Ira-
and under torture." [NYT) nian officials. [NYT)
Aug. 4. A US State Department spokesman said the US The heads of 9 Embassies in Tehran met with Raf-
would welcome a UN investigation of the prison con- sanjani to urge the release of the hostages. [NYT)
ditions of the Iranian detainees. [NYT] Aug. 15: Fifteen people, including former air force chief
Majlis Speaker Ayat AllIh Rafsanjnai said that de- Sa'id Mihdiyan, were executed in Tehran for their
bate on the hostages would be postponed because of parts in a coup plot. [NYT)
the treatment of Iranian detainees in the US. [NYT}
About 67 Iranian demonstrators in London were
arrested after a clash with police outside the US Em-
bassy. [NYT]
Aug. 5: About 250,000 people demonstrated in Tehran
to protest the alleged mistreatment of the Iranian de- Iraq
tainees in the US. [NYT]
After the detainees gave their names, the US freed
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs,
171 Iranian men who had been imprisoned in Otis-
Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey)
ville, New York. Another Iranian was taken to Wash-
ington to face charges. [NYT]
Twenty Iranian women being detained in Manhat- 1980
tan were freed. [NYT]
Aug. 6: The Iranian demonstrators detained in London May 177:Jordanian King Husayn arrived in Baghdad and
went on a hunger strike. [NYT] met with President $addiLmHusayn. [FBIS)
Aug. 7: US officials said they had evidence that Iran had May 19: MauritanianPresident Mohamed Khouna Ould
sent money and assistance to help supporters of the Haydala met with President Husayn in Baghdad.
Ayat AllIh foment civil disturbances in the US. [FBIS]
[NYT} May 25: Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi arrived in
The British Foreign Office appealed to the Iranian Baghdad for talks on bilateral relations. [AN)
charge d'affairsto help persuade the detained Iranians May 26: Omani Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
to "cooperate with the authorities." [NYT] Qays 'Abd al-Mun'im al-Zawawi arrived in Iraq on a
Iranian demonstrators marched in Washington in visit. [AN)
support of the Ayat Allh. They were taunted by May 28: Bulgarian Chairman of the State Council Todor
American counter demonstrators. [NYT] Zhivkov arrived in Baghdad on an official visit.
Aug. 8: Iran threatened to recall its Ambassador from [FBIS)
Moscow on the grounds that the Soviet Union was June 4: Two gunmen opened fire on the Iraqi Embassy
supplying weapons to Iraq for attacks on Iran. [NYT] in Rome, killing 1 person. One of the gunmen was
Bakhtiyar announced the formation of a national captured by Embassy guards. A bomb left by the at-
resistance movement and called on Iranians to over- tackers was diffused. [NYT)
throw the Islamic Republic. [NYT] June 9: Foreign Minister Sa'duinHammidli left Iraq for
The former secretary to the Anglican Bishop of Is- Paris on an official visit. [FBIS)
478 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
June 19: Three gunmen entered the British Embassy in
Baghdad. Iraqi security forces stormed the building
and killed the gunmen. [NYT]
June 20: Voters went to the polls to elect a National
Assembly. [NYT3
June 23: Niger President Seyni Kountche met with Hu-
sayn in Baghdad. [FBIS)
July 5: The Kuwayti newspaper al-Ra'y al-'Am quoted
Oil Minister Tayih 'Abd al-Karim as saying that Arab
nations should use their oil as a political weapon to June 30: Begin was hospitalized after suffering a heart
resist superpower intervention in the Middle East.
[NYT]
July 13: TheJerusalemPost cited "diplomatic sources" as
saying France had shipped a consignment of uranium July 20: Two Israeli soldiers pleaded guilty to charges of
to Iraq. UP]
July 27: An Iraqi diplomat was killed in Abu Dhabi
when a bomb exploded at his house. Two colleagues
were wounded. [FBIS]
Aug. 7: Time bombs wrecked the offices of an Italian
company in Rome that was supplying nuclear tech-
nology and equipment to Iraq. The Committee for
Safeguarding the Islamic Revolution in Iran claimed July 24: Begin said he had no objection to criticism of
responsibility. [NYT]
Aug. 14: Moviegoers at a theater in a suburb of Baghdad
fled an electrical fire in the building. The stampede
left 59 people dead. [NYT]
Israel
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, General, Iran,Lebanon,
Pakistan)
1980
May 25: Defense Minister Ezer Weizman resigned his
post. [NYT)
May 26. US Secretary of Transportation Neil Gold-
schmidt met with Premier Menahem Begin in Jerusa-
lem. [FBIS]
Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek cancelled a sched-
uled tour of Jerusalem for US Secretary of Transpor-
tation Goldschmidt after refusing a request by
Goldschmidt that the itinerary of the tour be
changed. [fBIS]
May 27: The US rejected an Israeli request to renew an
agreement that gave Israel preferential access to US
strategic stockpiles. [NYT]
June 1: The Cabinet unanimously agreed that Premier
Begin should retain the post of Defense Minister.
[NYT}
June 2: A motion of no confidence was defeated in the
Knesset by a vote of 58 to 48. [NYT]
June 16: The New York Times reported that Begin had
met with a group of Israelis who had set up a tent city
in Jerusalem to protest government housing policies.
[NYT]
June 18: A Supreme Court justice issued a temporary
injunction prohibiting the government from evicting
a group of squatters at the tent city in Jerusalem.
[NYT)
June 19: Squatters left the tent city after the government
promised better housing. [NYT]
The government ordered a $145m cutback in its
military budget to help curb inflation. [NYT)
June 23: Two members of the Democratic Movement
left the government coalition to form a new party.
[NYT}
attack. [NYT]
July 8: US presidential candidate John Anderson arrived
in Israel for talks with Israeli leaders. UP]
removing arms from a military base without author-
ity, using a military vehicle without authority and im-
personating officers. [NYT}
July 21: A Defense Ministry spokesman said that an ac-
cidental explosion during a weapons test at a defense
installation in central Israel the day before had killed
6 people. [NYT]
Israeli policies by US Jews as long as they did not
issue public advice on security matters "within ear-
shot of our enemies who conspire to do us evil."
[NYT]
July 31: Justice Minister Shmuel Tamir announced his
resignation from the Cabinet. [NYT]
Luxembourg Foreign Minister Gaston Thorn ar-
rived in Jerusalem on a fact-finding mission for the
European Economic Community. [NYT]
Aug. 8: The head of the Internal Security Service con-
firmed reports that he was resigning. [NYT}
Aug. 12: Israeli officials said that the correspondent of
The WashingtonStar would be indicted under the Of-
ficial Secrets Act for revealing the identity of the head
of the Internal Security Service. [NYT]
Aug. 13: The Knesset voted to approve the appoint-
ment of Moshe Nissim as Justice Minister. [NYT]
Jordan
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, General, Iraq, Kuwayt)
1980
May 18: King Husayn returned to Amman at the end of
a 2 day visit to Iraq. [FBIS]
May 28: King Husayn left Amman for London on a pri-
vate visit to the UK. [FBIS]
June 16: King Husayn arrived in Washington for talks
with US President Jimmy Carter on the Middle East
situation. [NYT]
June 19: US officials said the White House had agreed to
sell Jordan 100 M-60 tanks with advanced armament.
[NYT]
July 3: Premier 'Abd al-Hamid Sharaf died in Amman,
aged 41. [NYT]
 CHRONOLOGY
King HusaynaskedAgricultureMinisterQasimal-
Raymdwito assumethe Premiership.[NYT]
July 3: A new Cabinetwas swornin:
Qasim al-RaymAwi:Premierand Defense
Muhammad'Addubal-Zabin:Communications
Kamilal-Sharlf:Awqaf
Sa'id al-Tall: Information
TahirHikmat:Culture & Youth
ZuhayrMalhas:Health
Najib Irshayddt:Justice
MuhammadNdri Shafiq:Education
Ma'anAbu Nuwwir:PublicWorks
'All al-Suhaymat: Transport and State for Premier's
Office
Jamal al-Shi'ir: Municipalities
'Ali al-Nusur:Trade & Industry
Jawid al-'Andni:Supply
In'im al-Mufti: Social Development
Muwaffaqal-Fawwiz:Tourism & Antiquities
'Umar al-NAbulsi:Laborand Construction
Marwan al-Qisim: ForeignAffairs
Silim al-Musa'dah:
Finance
Sulaymin 'Arar: Agriculture & Premier's Office
[MEED]
Aug. 10: LuxembourgForeignMinisterGastonThorn
met with King Ijusaynin Jordonon the MiddleEast
situation.[NYT]
Kuwayt
(Seealso, ArabIsraeliConflict,PetroleumAffairs)
1980
May21: Mauritanian Head of State MohamedKhouna
Ould Haydalaarrivedin Kuwayton a 2 dayvisit and
was met by Amir ShaykhJdbiral-AhmadAl Sabih.
[AN]
June 1: A bomb exploded at the Londonoffice of the
KuwaitOil Company.No one was injured.[NYT]
June 9: Kuwaytand the US signed a science and tech-
nology cooperationagreement.[NYT]
June28: Niger PresidentSeyniKountchearrivedin Ku-
waytfor meetingswith Kuwaytileaders.[FBIS}
July 5. PakistaniForeignAffairsMinisterAgha Shahi
met with Amir ShaykhJabirin Kuwayt.[FIBS]
July 6: South Yemeni Chairmanof the Presidium'Ali
Nisir Muhammadarrivedin Kuwaytfor talks with
ShaykhJabir.[FIBS]
July 12: Two explosionstook place at the officesof Al-
Ra'yal-'Am,killingat least 1 person. [NYT]
July 24: Two Jordanianshijackeda KuwaitAirlinesjet-
liner and demanded3/4m dollars.[NYT]
July 25: The hijackerssurrenderedin Kuwaytafterhav-
ing forced the jetlinerto fly aroundthe Gulffor more
than 24 hours. [NYT]
479
Lebanon
1980
May 16: The State radio reported that Israeli military
forces had crossed into Lebanon and taken up posi-
tions near the town of Shaqra. [NYT)
The state radio said that Israeli gunboats and heli-
copter gunships had been sighted off the southern
coast and bombarded Al Rameili near Sidon. [NYT}
May 23: Christian militiamen in southern Lebanon
shelled the port of Sidon, killing 5 people. [NYT)
May 28: Rival Muslim factions battled in the suburbs of
Beirut and in southern Lebanon, leaving 19 people
dead. [NYT)
June 5: The New YorkTimes reported that an Israeli task
force had raided the port of Sidon during the night
and killed a number of people. [NYT)
June 7: The Cabinet submitted its resignation to Presi-
dent Ilyas Sarkis. [NYT)
June 17: A car bomb exploded outside a beachfront ca-
sino in Beirut, killing 2 people. [NYT)
June 25: Israeli gunboats shelled targets at 3 sites in
southern Lebanon. [NYT)
July 6: A neighborhood leader of the Arab Socialist
Union was killed in West Beirut. [NYT)
July 7: Fighting broke out in Beirut between Phalanges
militiamen and forces of the National Liberal Party.
At least 7 5 people were killed in the clashes. [NYT)
Forces of the Arab Socialist Union and the
Murabitun took place in West Beirut. [NYT)
July 8: The New York Times reported that Phalanges
forces had captured the 2 main garrisons of the Na-
tional Liberal Party at Safra and Amsheit on the
northern coast. [NYT)
July 9: Following talks between leaders of the Phalanges
Party and the National Liberal Party, the Phalanges
Party announced that it would unify all private Chris-
tian militia groups in east Beirut into a single military
unit called the National Home Guard. [NYT)
Gunmen killed an Iraqi diplomat and wounded 3
other Iraqis in Beirut. [NYT)
July 10: A Phalanges spokesman said the party planned
to "liberate" the country from "Palestinian occupa-
tion." [NYT)
July 13: Dany Sham'un, son of National Liberal Party
leader Camille Sham'uln,vowed to fight the Phalanges
Party to "save the Christians from these bloodthirsty
madmen." [NYT]
July 16. President Sarkis accepted the resignation of the
Cabinet. [NYT)
July 20: Sarkis named former Premier Taqi al-Din Sulh
to be Premier. [NYT)
July 23: Chairman of the Press Syndicate Riyad Taha,
was assassinated in Beirut. [NYT)
July 25: Journalists started a 2 day strike to protest the
murder of Chairman of the Press Syndicate Taha.
[NYT)
July 26: Heavy shooting broke out in Baalbek as the
body of Taha arrived on its way for burial in the town
480 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
of Hermil. [NYT)
July 28: A member of the Ba'th Party was assassinatedin
Beirut. Later fighting broke out between Ba'th Party
forces and Shi'a Muslim militiamen. [NYT)
July 30: A bomb exploded in East Beirut, killing 16
people. [NYT)
Aug. 3: The state radio said that Lebanese Christian and
Israeli artillerymen had shelled the city of Tyre and
adjacent Palestinian refugee camps. Israel denied the
report. [NYT)
Aug. 9: Premier designate al-Sulh met with Sarkis and
submitted a letter indicating he could not form a Cab-
inet. [FBIS)
Aug. 13: An Israeli patrol boat moved into Lebanese
territorial waters and fired shells into the city of Tyre.
Heavy machine gun fire was returned. [NYT)
Libya
(Seealso, Petroleum Affairs, Egypt)
1980
May 20: A Libyan merchant was found murdered in
Rome. UP]
May 21: A Libyan was found murdered in a suburb of
Athens. He was reported to have been an opponent
of Head of State Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhifi. UP]
May 25: West German authorities expelled 2 Libyans
who had been arrested on suspicion of aiding a group
that was mounting terrorist acts against Libyan exiles.
[NYT)
June 11: A Libyan was assassinated in Milan. A second
Libyan was wounded by a gunman in a Rome suburb.
[NYT)
June 13: Britain expelled the head of the Libyan diplo-
matic mission in London a day after he had publicly
endorsed the plans of a Libyan assassination squad to
murder 2 Libyan exiles in the UK. [NYT)
A firebomb was thrown at the British Embassy in
Tripoli. [FBIS)
June 28: Senegal broke off diplomatic relations with
Libya. [FBIS)
July 7: Maltese Premier Dom Mintoff said that Libya
had stopped supplying oil to Malta. [MEES]
July 14: Billy Carter, brother of US President Jimmy
Carter, registered as an agent of the government of
Libya and disclosed he had received payment from
Libya of over $220,000. [NYT)
Aug. 4: US President Carter said that his brother Billy
had had "no influence or effect on my decisions or on
any United States government policy or actions con-
cerning Libya." [NYT)
Aug. 7: Libya said its relations with Billy Carter were
"normal"ties of the sort engaged in with other promi-
nent US citizens. [NYT)
Aug. 9: Head of State Qadhdhafi said that the $220,000
given to Billy Carter was "a loan related to business."
[NYT]
Morocco
1980
May 24: It was announced that voters had approved a
constitutional amendment to allow a successor to
King Hasan II to ascend the throne as early as the age
of 16. [NYT)
The government said that the Polisario Front had
attacked the Moroccan town of Abattekh 3 times be-
ginning on May 15 but that the attacks had been re-
pulsed. [AN)
May 27: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd met with
King Hasan in Fez. [AN]
May 30: Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Sa'ud al-Faysal
arrived in Fez from Algiers and met with King Hasan.
[FBIS}
June 9: Tunisian Premier Mohammed Mzali arrived in
Rabat on a 3 day official visit and met with Premier
Maati Bouabid. [FBIS]
June 22: Iran established diplomatic relations with the
"SaharanArab Democratic Republic" of the Polisario
Front. [AN]
July 3: Eight nations, including Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt
and Sudan, said they would quit the Organization of
African Unity (OAU) if the "Saharan Arab Demo-
cratic Republic" of the Polisario Front were admitted
to the OAU. [NYT}
July 4. The OAU ended an annual conference in Free-
town, Sierra Leone. A spokesman said a committee
had been formed to study the question of Western
Sahara. [NYT]
July 14: The Cuban consul in the Canary Islands accused
the Moroccan Air Force of carrying out a "brutaland
cruel" strafing of 2 Cuban ships off the Western Saha-
ran coast. [NYT]
July 18: Forty five political prisoners were released after
being pardoned by King Hasan. [NYT]
Oman
(Seealso, Iraq)
1980
May 23: Yemeni Deputy Premier for Foreign Affairs
Hasan Makki left Muscat at the end of a visit. [FBIS]
June 5: The US State Department said that an agree-
ment with Oman had been completed that gave US
military forces access to certain Omani airfields.
[NYT)
July 21: Information Minister 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Rawwas
returned to Muscat from Manama at the end of a 2
day visit to Bahrayn. [FBIS]
 CHRONOLOGY
July 30: The government announced that diplomatic re-
lations with Thailand would be established at the am-
bassadorial level. [FBISj
Pakistan
(Seealso, Afghanistan, Iran, Kuwayt, Saudi Arabia)
1980
May 17: A Conference of Islamic Foreign Ministers
opened in Islamabad. [NYT)
May 18: Eight Afghan guerrilla leaders joined the Ira-
nian delegation at the Conference of Islamic Foreign
Ministers. [NYT]
May 19: Iranian Foreign Minister Sadiq Qutabzadah
urged the Conference to condemn both US "aggres-
sion" in Iran and Soviet "aggression" in Afghanistan.
[NYT]
May 22: The Conference of Islamic Foreign Ministers
ended. It condemned "American aggression" against
Iran, rejected Israeli policy toward Jerusalem, called
for the "immediate, total and unconditional" with-
drawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and an-
nounced a ministerial committee to begin
"appropriate consultations" for a settlement of the
Afghan crisis. [NYT)
June 1. Foreign Affairs Adviser Agha Shahi was sworn in
as Foreign Minister. [FBISJ
June 3. President Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq said that gen-
eral elections to establish a civilian government would
be held. He set no date for their occurrence. [NYT)
June 8: Foreign Minister Shahi left Islamabad for 4 days
of talks on Afghanistan with Rumania and West Ger-
many. [NYTI
June 16: Government officials accused Soviet aircraft of
violating Pakistani air space from Afghanistan in re-
cent weeks. [NYT)
July 4" A convention of Shi'a Muslims began in Islama-
bad. [FBIS]
July 5.' Shi'a demonstrators protesting against govern-
ment tax laws clashed with police in Islamabad. At
least 1 person was killed. [NYT)
July 6: A government communiqu6 said that President
Zia-ul-Haq had promised changes in a tax law that
Shi'a protestors had charged was contrary to their re-
ligious laws. [NYT)
Aug. 5: Eleven members of the Communist Party were
arrested. Police charged that they were planning
"subversive activities." [NYT)
Aug. 7: Zia-ul-Haq left Islamabad on a 2 day visit to
Saudi Arabia. [FBIS)
Aug. 9: The New YorkTimes reported that former Presi-
dent Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan had died, aged
63. [NYT)
481
Qatar
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs)
1980
June 21: Yemeni Deputy Premier Muhammad 'Abd al-
Rahman al-Ruba'iarrived in Doha on a visit. [FBISJ
SaudiArabia
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Algeria, Morocco)
1980
June 1. An explosive device was thrown from a passing
car at the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Brussels. [NYT)
June 16. King Khalid arrived in Bonn on a 4 day visit
and met with West German President Karl Carstens.
[NYTI
June 17. A State Department spokesman said that the
US was considering selling Saudi Arabia military
hardware and missiles for F-15 jet fighters because
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan had altered "the
regional security atmosphere." [NYT)
June 23: Senegalese President LIopold Senghor arrived
in Jiddah and met with King Khilid. [FBIS)
June 25. The New YorkTimes reported that Saudi Arabia
had directed international contractors not to award
contracts to British companies for work at Jubayil or
Yanbu. [NYT)
June 28: South Yemeni President 'Ali Nasir Mu-
hammad arrived in Riyadh for talks with Saudi
leaders on bilateral relations. [NYT)
July 2. Niger President Seyni Kountch6 left Jiddah at
the end of a 2 day visit. [FBISJ
July 8: A coalition of 68 US Senators urged US Presi-
dent Jimmy Carter to reject a Saudi Arabian request
for military equipment for its F-15 fighter planes.
[NYT)
July 9.' Defense Minister Prince Sultan criticized Con-
gress for trying to block the sale of military equip-
ment to Saudi Arabia and said the Kingdom would
"never ask for a weapon and be refused." [NYT)
Pakistani President Mohamed Zia-ul-Haq arrived
in al-Tg'lf on a visit. [FBIS]
July 28. Saudi Arabia and the UK announced that they
were resuming relations at the ambassadorial level.
[NYT)
Aug. 5: Iraqi President Saddam Husayn arrived in al-
Ta'if and was met by King Khalid. [FBIS]
Aug. 7: Pakistani President Zia-ul-Haq arrived inJiddah
on a private visit. [FBIS)
482 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
SouthYemen
(Seealso, Kuwayt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab
Amirates, Yemen)
1980
May 25: Chairman of the Presidium 'All Nasir Mu-
hammad left South Yemen on a tour of Syria and
the Soviet Union. [AN]
May 30: Chairman of the Presidium Muhammad re-
turned to South Yemen at the end of a tour of Syria
and the Soviet Union. [FBIS]
June 13: Muhammad returned to Aden from San'a'.
[FBIS]
July 2: Muhammad returned to Aden at the end of a 3
day visit to the UAA. [FBIS)
Sudan
(Seealso, Morocco)
1980
May 24: Ethiopian Chairman of the Provisional Military
Administrative Council Mengistu Haile Mariam ar-
rived in Khartoum on a 5 day official visit. [AN]
June 3: President Ja'faral-Numayri relieved Vice Presi-
dent al-Rashid al-TiahirBakr and Minister of Peo-
ple's Assembly Affairs Jalal 'Ali Lutfi from their
posts. [FBIS]
The following Ministers were appointed:
Ahmad 'Abd al-Rahman:Internal Affairs
Haydar Kabsuin:Public Serviceand Administrative
Reform[FBIS]
June 6: President Numayri met with the Heads of State
of Tanzania and Uganda in Arusha, Tanzania. [FBIS]
June 7: Numayri met with Kenyan President Daniel
Arap Moi in Nakuru, Kenya. [FBIS]
June 9: Former Vice President Bakr was elected Speak-
er of the People's Assembly. [FBIS]
June 28: Numayri left Khartoum on a 3 week private
visit during which he was to undergo medical check-
ups. [FBIS)
July 28: Numayri returned to Khartoum at the end of
visits to the US and UK. [MEED)
Syria
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, South Yemen)
1980
May 25: South Yemeni Chairman of the Presidium 'Ali
Nasir Muhammad arrived in Syria and was met by
President Hafiz al-Asad. [FBIS]
June 20: Security men killed 8 members of the Muslim
Brotherhood in a gunfight in Homs. [FBIS]
June 24: Niger President Seyni Kountche arrived in Da-
mascus on a 3 day official visit. [FBIS]
June 28: Syrian Orthodox Church leader Moran More
Ignatius Yacoub III, Patriarchof Antioch, died in Da-
mascus, aged 67. [NYT]
July 2: Iranian Deputy Premier Sadiq Tabataba'i ar-
rived in Damascus for meetings with Syrian leaders.
[FBIS]
July 3: The New YorkTimes cited a British Broadcasting
Corporation report as saying that an assassination at-
tempt on President Asad had occurred the week be-
fore. [NYT)
Jily 11: Archbishop Ilyas Zakka of Baghdad was elected
Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and all Orient.
[NYT)
July 21: Former Premier and co-founder of the Arab
Socialist Ba'th Party Salah al-Bitar was assassinated in
Paris. [NYT)
Tunisia
(Seealso, General, Morocco)
1980
Aug. 3: President Habib Bourguiba said there were no
longer any political prisoners in Tunisian jails follow-
ing the release 2 days earlier of 2 union members sen-
tenced to jail terms after riots in January, 1978.
[NYT)
Turkey
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, General)
1980
May 27: Former Minister of Customs and Monopolies
Gun Sazak was assassinated in Ankara. [TDN)
June 1: The state radio reported that 13 Turkish peas-
ants had been killed by gunfire from Iraqi helicopters
after they had entered Iraqi territory to collect fod-
der. [NYT)
June 9: The Lira was devalued against the US dollar by
5.5%. [TDN}
June 17: A former deputy of the Republican People's
Party was assassinated in Nevlehir. [TDN)
June 18: The International Monetary Fund approved a 3
year $1.6 billion loan to Turkey. [NYT}
The Parliament voted to extend martial law in 20
provinces for 2 months. [NYT]
June 24: Parliament agreed to consider a motion of no
confidence against the government. [NYT]
US Secretary of State Edmund Muskie arrived in
Ankara and met with Premier Suleyman Demirel.
[NYT)
 CHRONOLOGY
June 25: A MinisterialCouncil meeting of NATO
opened in Ankara.[TDN]
June 28: Greek Foreign Minister ConstantineMitso-
takismet withForeignMinisterHayrettinErkmen.It
was agreed that periodicmeetings at the ministerial
level would be held. [NYT}
July 2: A no confidencemotion was defeatedby a vote
of 227 to 214. [NYT]
July 3: TurkishDaily News reportedthat a curfewhad
been imposedon the city of forum followingterror-
ist incidentsduringthe nightwhichhadleft 3 people
dead. [TDN]
July 4: At least 4 people were killed duringclashesbe-
tween Sunni and Alevi Muslimsin the town of 5:o-
rum. [NYT]
Militaryreinforcementswere sent to 5orum to
quell sectarianviolence. [NYT)
July 8: The Iraq-Turkeyoil pipeline was blown up in
southeastTurkeynearthe villageof Silopi. [MEES]
July 11: Troopsenteredthe townof Fatsa.It wasreport-
ed that the Mayorand nearly400 residentshadbeen
takeninto custody.[NYT)
July 15: A deputy from Istanbulof the Republican
People's Partywas assassinated.[NYT)
July 19: FormerPremierNihat Erimwasassassinated by
gunmenin a suburbof Istanbul.[NYT]
July20: Politicalviolencein variouspartsof Turkeyleft
22 people dead. [NYT)
July 21: InteriorMinisterMustafaGuilcigilresignedhis
post. [NYT)
July 22: The leaderof the Metalworkers'Union wasas-
sassinatedin Istanbul.[NYT)
July 23: Hundreds of thousandsof workersstopped
work in majorcities to protest the murderof the la-
bor leader. [NYT)
July25: It wasannouncedthatPremierDemirelandRe-
publican People's Party leader Bulent Ecevit had
agreedto supportlegislationreinforcingthe authority
of the armyandthe courtsagainstterrorism.[NYT)
July 31: A gunmanassassinatedthe Turkishattacheand
his daughterin Athens.The ArmenianSecretArmy
for the Liberationof Armeniaclaimedresponsibility.
[NYT)
Aug. 1: Turkeyrecalledits Ambassadorfrom Iraqfor
consultations,citingIraqiinactionfollowingthe kill-
ing of 10 Turkishcitizensby Iraqisoldiersat the end
of May. [NYT)
Aug. 5: A gunmanwounded 4 people at the Turkish
consulate in Lyons, France. An Armeniangroup
claimedresponsibility.[NYT)
483
Aug. 8: A military court sentenced 22 people to death
for theirr6lesin the murderof more than100 people
in Kahramanmaras in 1978. Fifteen defendantsre-
ceivedcommuteddeathsentencesand411 of the 835
defendants charged with "armedinsurrectionand
massacre"were acquitted.[NYT)
United ArabAmirates
(Seealso, Iraq, South Yemen)
1980
June30: SouthYemeni Chairmanof the Presidium'Ali
Nasir Muhammadarrivedin Abu DhabifromJiddah
on a 2 day visit. [FBIS]
July 1: South Yemeni Chairmanof the Presidium
Muhammad met with President Shaykh Zayid bin
Sultan Al Nuhayyan in Abu Dhabi. [FBIS)
Yemen
(Seealso,Bahrayn,Oman,Qatar,SouthYemen)
1980
June 3: InformationMinisterYahyaHusaynal-'Arashi
returned to San'a' at the end of a visit to the Soviet
Union. [FBIS]
June 9: South Yemeni Chairmanof the Presidium'Ali
Na.sirMuhammadarrivedin San'a'on an officialvisit.
[FBIS)
June 10: South Yemeni Chairmanof the Presidium
Muhammadmet with President'Al 'AbdallihSalih
in San'l. [FBIS]
June24: Deputy PremierMuhammad'Abdal-Rahmin
al-Ruba'i returned to San'i' at the end of a tour of 5
ArabGulf nations.[FBIS]
July8: Muhammad endeda visit to Yemenandreturned
to Aden. [FBIS]

SOURCES
AN, Arab News (Arab New Building, P.O. Box 4556, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). FBIS, ForeignBroadcastInformation
ServiceDaily Report:Middle East and North Africa and ForeignBroadcastInformationServiceDaily Report:Sosth Asia
(NTIS, US Departmentof Commerce,Springfield,Va. 22151). JP, TheJermsalem Post(TheJerusalemPost Build-
ing,Jerusalem,P.O. Box 81). MEED,MiddleEastEconomic Digest(21 John Street,LondonWC1N 2BP, England).
MEES, Middle East EconomicSurvey (P.O. Box 4940, Nicosia, Cyprus). NYT, The New YorkTimes (229 W. 43rd St.,
New York, N.Y. 10036).TDN, Turkish DailyNews(TunusCad.49/7, Ankara,Turkey).WP,TheWashingtonPost
(1150 15th St., N.W., Washington,D.C. 20071).