Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Objectives
1. State the general format of a sinusoidal voltage or current.
2. Determine the instantaneous value, peak value and peak-to-peak
value of a sinusoidal voltage or current.

LESSON 2: SINUSOIDAL WAVEFORM 3. Explain the phase relation between sinusoidal waveforms.
4. Define and compute the average values and effective values of
RELATIONSHIPS time-varying waveforms.
5. Define and compute for the form factor and peak factor of a
waveform.
6. Determine the characteristics of superimposed DC and AC voltages.
Engr. Onofre E. Algara, Jr. 7. Identify the characteristics of basic non-sinusoidal waveforms.
BS Electrical Engineering (DLSU-D)
MS Electrical Engineering, cand. (Mapua University)
Subject Instructor

General Format for the Sinusoidal Waveform General Format for the Sinusoidal Waveform

The basic mathematical formula for the sinusoidal waveform is
• Am is the peak value of the waveform and a is the unit of measure for
the vertical axis.
• a is the angle through which the coil sides will pass (determined by
the angular velocity of the rotating vector and the length of time the
vector rotates, equal to wt )
• w is the angular velocity which is the velocity with which the coil sides
rotates about the center

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

General Format for the Sinusoidal Waveform Sample Problem

For electrical quantities such as current and voltage, the general 1. A 100-Hz sinusoidal voltage source has an amplitude of 150 volts.
format is Write the equation for e as a function of time.
2. Determine the following:
a. the angle at which the magnitude of the sinusoidal function
v = 10 sin 377t is 4V.
b. the time at which the magnitude is attained.

where the capital letters with the subscript m represent the amplitude
and the lowercase letters i and e or v represents the instantaneous
value of current or voltage, respectively, at any time t.

Phase Relations Phase Relations

Phase of a Sine Wave - an angular measurement that specifies the If the waveform passes through the horizontal axis with a positive-
position of that sine wave relative to a reference. (Phase Reference) going (increasing with time) slope before 0°, the expression is

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Phase Relations Phase Relations

If the waveform passes through the horizontal axis with a positive- The sine wave and the cosine wave phase relationship:
going slope after 0°, the expression is

Phase Relations Phase Relations

Geometric relationship between various forms of the sine and cosine
functions:

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Phase Relations Phase Relations

Phase Relations Sample Problem

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Average Value Average Value

Sample Problem Sample Problem

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Sine Wave Averages Sine Wave Averages

Sine Wave Averages Effective Value

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Effective Value Effective Value

Effective Value Effective Value

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Effective Value Sample Problem

Sample Problem Form Factor

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Superimposed AC and DC Superimposed AC and DC

Non-sinusoidal Waveforms Non-sinusoidal Waveforms

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Non-sinusoidal Waveforms Complex Waveforms

Complex Waveforms Complex Waveforms

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Complex Waveforms Sample Problem

Seatwork Assignment

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Lecture 2: Sinusoidal Waveform Relationships

Assignment Assignment

Assignment

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