Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Computing Test Statistic on
Population Mean
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Computing Test Statistic on Population Mean
First Edition, 2020
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 Statistics and
Probability
Module 6:
Computing of Test Statistic on
Population Mean
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computing Test Statistic on Population
Mean!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or the facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by
the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
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encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computing Test Statistic on Population
Mean!

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What’s In
link the current lesson with the previous
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What Is It This section provides a brief discussion

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What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding

iii
 and skills of the topic. You may check
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
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iv
 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn how to compute the test statistic on a
population mean particularly the t-test and z-test. It is a skill that you need
to develop to be able to determine whether you reject the null hypothesis or
otherwise (to be discussed in the next module). Perform each activity
independently. If you find any difficulty in answering the exercises, you may
ask the assistance of your teacher or you may consult your peers.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. determine the appropriate test statistic to be used in the given
problem/situation; and
2. compute for the test statistic value (population mean).

What I Know

Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to a value calculated from sample data which is needed in
deciding whether the null hypothesis is rejected or not.
A. test statistics C. null hypothesis
B. critical region D. alternative hypothesis
2. What test statistic will be used if the sample size is above 30?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation
3. What test statistic can be used when the population standard deviation
is known?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation
4. What test statistic can be used when the population standard deviation
is unknown?
A. t – test C. population mean
B. z – test D. standard deviation

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 5. When finding the z-computed value, which formula should be used for
hypothesis testing?
𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝜇− 𝑥̅ 𝜇− 𝑥̅
A. 𝑧 = 𝜎 B. 𝑧 = 𝑠 C. 𝑧 = 𝑠 D. 𝑧 = 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛

6. When should you use the t-test?

I. When you are testing for a population mean
II. When the sample standard deviation is given
III. When the population standard deviation is given
IV. When you are testing a proportion/percentage of a
population
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. II and IV

For nos. 7-8, refer to the problem below:

Given: 𝐻𝑜 : μ = 8.6 𝐻𝑎 : μ > 8.6
The study has a sample mean of 9.1 and a standard deviation of 2.1
conducted among 25 respondents. Use 𝛼 = 0. 05.
7. What test statistics should be used?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation
8. What is the computed value?
A. -1. 190 B. – 0. 567 C. 0. 567 D. 1.190
9. How many samples are best when dealing with z-test?
A. cannot be determined C. smaller than 30
B. exactly 30 D. equal or larger than 30

For nos. 10 – 12, refer to the given problem below:

The Choco Toppings, Inc. is one of the manufacturers of chocolate
toppings which uses a machine to dispense liquid ingredients into bottles
that move along a filling line. The owner claims that the machine can
dispense at an average of 50 grams with a standard deviation of 0.7 grams.
A sample of 35 bottles was selected and it was found out that the average
amount dispensed in the sample is 49.3 grams. Test the claims of the owner
of the company at 5% level of significance.
10. Which of the following information is correct?
A. 𝛼 = 0.5 B. 𝜎 = 0.7 C. 𝑥̅ = 35 D. 𝜇 = 49.3
11. What test statistic will be used?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

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12. Find the computed value.
A. -5.916 B. -4.950 C. 4.950 D. 5.916

13. Which test statistic will be used if the sample size is 15?
A. t-test C. cannot be determined
B. z-test D. neither t-test nor z-test
14. Which statistical method can you use when you have a normal
distribution of data?
A. t–test only C. either t–test or z–test
B. z–test only D. neither t–test nor z–test
15. A tire manufacturer claims that its tires have a mean life of 40,000 km. A
random sample of 46 of these tires is tested and the sample mean is
38,000 km. Assume that the population’s standard deviation is 2,000 km
and the lives of the tires are approximately normally distributed.
Determine the computed value at 5% level of significance.
A. -6.782 B. -3.033 C. 3.033 D. 6.782

How do you find this pre-test? Did you encounter both familiar and
unfamiliar terms? Kindly compare your answer in the Answer Key on the
last part of this module

If you obtain 100% or a perfect score, skip the module and

immediately move to the next module. But if you missed a point, please
proceed with the module as it will enrich your knowledge in computing the
test statistic.

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Lesson
Computing Test Statistic on
1 Population Mean

One of the steps in hypothesis testing is the computation of test

statistic. Remember that it is the value calculated from a sample data
which is needed whether you reject the null hypothesis or not.

Do you still remember when to use t-test? How about z-test? Answer
the activity that follows for a short review on t-test and z-test.

What’s In

Is It T or Z?

Directions: Identify the appropriate test statistic to be used based on the

given information. Write T if it is t-test and Z if it is z-test.
1. The sample mean is 345 and the sample size is 46. The population is
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 11. Test the hypothesis
at 0.05 level of significance. Consider the hypotheses below:
𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 342 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 342
2. Test at 𝛼 = 0.05 the null hypothesis 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 2. 19 against the alternative
hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 2. 19 with 𝑛 = 18, 𝑥̅ = 1.36, and 𝑠 = 0.14. Assume that
the population is approximately normal.
3. The sample size is less than 18 and the standard deviation is 3. 67.
4. 𝑥̅ = 125.3 𝑠=5 𝜇 = 124 𝑛 = 24 𝛼 = 0.05
5. 𝑥̅ = 25.4 𝜇 = 22.6 𝜎 = 15 𝑛 = 118 𝛼 = 0.01
Were you able to answer all the questions correctly? If yes, the next
activity will be easy for you. If not, go back your notes about the test
concerning means.

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 What’s New

t-Test vs z-Test

Directions: Complete the diagram below.

Do you know the standard deviation (σ)?

YES NO
1.Use: Is the sample
size above
__________
30?

YES NO

2. Use: 3. Use:

__________ __________

I think you are very much ready for this topic. Read, analyze, and
study the given examples carefully.

What Is It

There are two specific test statistics used for hypothesis testing
concerning means: z-test and t-test.

If the sample size is large, where 𝑛 ≥ 30 and the population standard

deviation (𝜎) is known, use z-test.

In finding the z-value, use the formula below:

𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛

where: 𝑥̅ = sample mean 𝜇 = population mean

𝑛 = sample size 𝜎 = population standard deviation

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 On the other hand, t- test is used when 𝑛 < 30, the population is
normal or nearly normal, and sample standard deviation (𝑠) is unknown.
The formula for the t- value is:

𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠
√𝑛
where: 𝑥̅ = sample mean 𝜇 = population mean
𝑛 = sample 𝑠 = sample standard deviation
The degrees of freedom is 𝑛 − 1 or 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1.

Study the following examples.

Example 1: Compute the z-value given the following information. Use one-
tailed test and 0. 05 level of significance.
𝑥̅ = 70 𝜇 = 71.5 𝜎=8 𝑛 = 100
Solution: Since σ is known and n ≥ 30, we will use z-test. Thus, we have:

𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Use the formula for z-test.

𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
71. 5 − 70
𝑧= Substitute the given value to the formula.
8
√100
1.5
𝑧= 8
Simplify.
10

1.5
𝑧=
0.8
𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟕𝟓
Therefore, the computed z-value is 1.875.

Example 2: In the first semester of the school year, a random sample of 200
students got a mean score of 81.72 with a population standard deviation of
15 in Statistics and Probability test. The population mean is 79.83. Use 0.05
level of significance.

Solution: To answer the problem, let us first identify the given. We have:
𝑥̅ = 81.72 𝜇 = 79.83 𝜎 = 15 𝑛 = 200
Since σ is known and n ≥ 30, we will use z-test.

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 𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Use the formula for z-test.
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
81.72 − 79. 83
𝑧= Substitute the given value to the
15
√200 formula.
1. 89
𝑧=
15 Simplify.
14. 14
1. 89
𝑧=
1.06
Therefore, the computed z-value is
𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟖𝟑 1.783.

In Central Limit Theorem, the sample standard deviation (𝑠) may be

used as an estimate of the population standard deviation (𝜎) when the value
of 𝜎 is unknown.

Consider the given examples below:

Example 3: In the past, the average length of an outgoing call from a
business office has been 140 seconds. A manager wishes to check whether
that average has decrease after the introduction of policy changes. A sample
of 150 telephone calls produced a mean of 135 second, with a standard
deviation of 30 seconds. Perform the relevant test at 1% level of significance.

Solution: Let us first identify the given. We have:

𝑥̅ = 135 𝜇 = 140 𝑠 = 30 𝑛 = 150
Since n ≥ 30, we will use z-test by replacing 𝝈 with its estimate s.
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Use the formula for z-test.
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
135 − 140
𝑧= Substitute the given value to the
30
√150 formula.

−5
𝑧= Simplify.
30
12.25
−5
𝑧=
2.45 Therefore, the computed z – value
𝐳 = − 𝟐. 𝟎𝟒𝟏 is -2.041.

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Example 4: Compute the t-value given the following information:
𝑥̅ = 129.5 𝜇 = 127
𝑠=5 𝑛 = 12

Solution: Since σ is unknown and n < 30, we will use t-test. Thus, we have:

𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Use the formula for t-test.

𝑡= 𝑠
√𝑛
129. 5 − 127
𝑡= Substitute the given value to the
5
√12 formula.
2. 5
𝑡= Simplify.
5
3.46
2.5
𝑡=
1.44
Therefore, the computed t – value
𝐭 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟔 is 1. 736.

Example 5: The government claims that the monthly expenses of a Filipino

family with four members is P10,000. A sample of 26 family’s expenses has
a mean of P10,900 and a standard deviation of P1,250. Is there enough
evidence to reject the government’s claim at 𝛼 = 0. 01?

Solution: Let us first identify the given, so we have:

𝑥̅ = P10,900 𝜇 = P10,000 𝑠 = P1,250 𝑛 = 26

𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Use the formula for t-test.

𝑡= 𝑠
√𝑛
10 900 − 10 000
𝑡=
1 250 Substitute the given value to the
√26 formula.
900
𝑡=
1 250 Simplify.
5.10
900
𝑡=
245. 10
Therefore, the computed t-value is
𝐭 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟕𝟏
3.671.

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 Now, it’s your turn to answer the following exercises.

What’s More

Activity 1: Find My z-Value!

Directions: Find the computed z-value of the following. Write your answer
to the nearest thousandths. Show your solutions.

1. 𝑥̅ = 21. 75 2. 𝑥̅ = 11. 23 3. 𝑥̅ = 891.75

𝜇 = 20. 83 𝜇 = 12. 01 𝜇 = 890. 25
𝜎 = 2.75 𝜎 = 3.0 𝜎 = 11.75
𝑛 = 38 𝑛 = 44 𝑛 = 90

4. 𝑥̅ = 45 000 5. 𝑥̅ = 1.72
𝜇 = 46 100 𝜇 = 1.83
𝜎 = 1 795 𝜎 = 1.05
𝑛 = 50 𝑛 = 36

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Activity 2: Find My t-Value!

Directions: Compute the t-value of the following. Write your answer to the
nearest thousandths. Show your solutions.

1. 𝑥̅ = 16.4 2. 𝑥̅ = 246 3. 𝑥̅ = 9.5

𝜇 = 15.86 𝜇 = 245. 85 𝜇 = 8.25
𝑠 = 1.25 𝑠 = 3.25 𝑠 = 1.45
𝑛 = 21 𝑛 = 29 𝑛 = 16

4. 𝑥̅ = 1.83 5. 𝑥̅ = 30. 18
𝜇 = 1. 27 𝜇 = 31. 23
𝑠 = 2.15 𝑠 = 3.15
𝑛 = 10 𝑛 = 23

Activity 3: Compute Me!

Directions: Solve the following. Write your answer to the nearest

thousandths.

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 1. 𝑥̅ = 7.7 2. 𝑥̅ = 19.8 3. 𝑥̅ = 12.5
𝜇 = 8.1 𝑠=4 𝑠=3
𝜎=5 𝜇 = 18.3 𝜇 = 10.75
𝑛 = 135 𝑛 = 11 𝑛 = 18

4. 𝑥̅ = 125.3 5. 𝑥̅ = 25.4 6. 𝑥̅ = 18.1

𝑠=5 𝜇 = 22.6 𝑠=3
𝜇 = 124 𝜎 = 15 𝜇 = 19.2
𝑛 = 24 𝑛 = 118 𝑛 = 15

7. 𝑥̅ = 98.7 8. 𝑥̅ = 129.1 9. 𝑥̅ = 17.2

𝜇 = 4.6 𝑠=7 𝜇 = 3.1
𝜎 = 99.1 𝜇 = 128.3 𝜎 = 16.9
𝑛 = 105 𝑛 = 23 𝑛 = 100

Activity 4: Find My Value!

Directions: Determine the test statistic used. Then, find the value of the
following based on the given information.

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1. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 85 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 85
The sample mean is 83, the sample size is 39, and the standard
deviation is 5. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.

2. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 7. 5 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 7. 5
The sample mean is 8.3 and the sample size is 52. The population
follows a normal distribution with standard deviation 3.17. Use 𝛼 =
0.01.

3. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 15 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 15
The sample mean is 10, the sample standard deviation is 6.1, and the
sample size is 9. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.

4. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 116.12 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 116.12

The population follows a normal distribution with standard deviation
of 7.18, sample mean of 118.7, and sample size of 21. Use 𝛼 = 0.10.

5. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 215 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 215
The population is approximately normal. The sample mean is 219.3,
the sample standard deviation is 13.12, and the sample size is 22.
Use 𝛼 = 0.05.

6. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 15 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 15
The population is approximately normal. The sample mean is 15.3,
the sample standard deviation is 2.5, and the sample size is 12. Use 𝛼
= 0.05.

7. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 65 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 65
The sample mean is 63, the sample size is 43, and the standard
deviation is 4. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.

12
 8. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 25 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 25
The sample mean is 23.75, the sample standard deviation is 4.5, and
the sample size is 12. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.

9. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 106.22 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 106.22

The population follows a normal distribution with standard deviation
of 4.08, sample mean of 108.5 and sample size of 17. Use 𝛼 = 0.10.

10. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 25. 5 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 25. 5

The sample mean is 23.8 and the sample size is 42. The population
follows a normal distribution with standard deviation 2.27. Use
𝛼 = 0.01.

What I Have Learned

Directions: What new realizations did you have about the computation of test
statistic? To answer the question, complete the sentences below.

1. The __________ is used if the sample size is large, 𝑛 ≥ ___, and the
population standard deviation (𝜎) is __________.
2. The formula of the z-test is __________.
3. The __________ is used when 𝑛 < 30, the population is normal or nearly
normal, and sample standard deviation (𝑠) is __________.
4. The formula of the t-test is __________.
5. The formula for degree of freedom is __________.

13
 What I Can Do

The Corona!
Directions: Determine the test statistic to be used, then find its computed
vale.

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused

by a new strain of coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) claims
that the incubation period of the virus in the infected person has a mean of
5.1 days. The doctors in the Philippines conducted a research and they
found out that incubation period of the virus in human body is 6.03 days
with a standard deviation of 3.32. The samples were 46 COVID patients. Is
there enough evidence to conclude that the incubation period of the virus is
5.1 days as stated, at 𝛼 = 0. 01?

14
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What test statistic will be used if the sample size is below 30?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

2. In using t-test for a population mean, we assume that the sample is

selected randomly. The given statement is:
A. always true C. sometimes true
B. always false D. sometimes false

3. If the population standard deviation is unknown, what test statistic is to

be used?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

4. In finding the t-computed value, which formula should be used?

𝜇− 𝑥̅ 𝜇− 𝑥̅ 𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝑥̅ −𝜇
A. 𝑡 = 𝜎 B. 𝑡 = 𝑠 C. 𝑡 = 𝑠 D. 𝑡 = 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛

5. When should you use the z-test?

I. When you are testing for a population mean
II. When the population standard deviation is given
III. When the sample standard deviation ONLY is given
IV. When you are testing with small sample sizes, n < 30.
A. I and II C. II and IV
B. II and III D. I and III
For nos. 6-8, refer to the problem below:
Milky Milk is sold in packets with an advertised mean weight of
0.5kgs. The standard deviation is known to be 0.11 kilograms. A consumer
group wishes to check the accuracy of the advertised mean and takes a
sample of 36 packets finding an average weight of 0.47kgs.

6. What test statistic should be used?

A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

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7. What is the sample size?
A. 0. 15 B. 0. 48 C. 0. 5 D. 36

8. What is the computed value?

A. – 1. 636 B. -1.488 C. 0. 833 D. 5. 551
For nos. 9-10, refer to the problem below:
Given: 𝐻𝑜 : μ = 7.25 𝐻𝑎 : μ < 7.25
The study has a sample mean of 8.1 and a standard deviation of 1.18
conducted among 15 respondents. Use 𝛼 = 0.01.
9. What test statistic should be used?
A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

10. What is the computed value?

A. – 2.790 B. -2.368 C. 2.368 D. 2.790

11. How many samples are best when dealing with t-test?
A. cannot be determined C. smaller than 30
B. exactly 30 D. equal or larger than 30

12. Which test statistic will be used if the sample is 37?

A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

13. Which statistical method can you use when you have a normal
distribution of data?
A. t-test only C. either t-test or z-test
B. z-test only D. neither t-test nor z-test

For nos. 14-15, refer to the problem below:

A tire manufacturer claims that its tires have a mean life of 40,000
kms. A random sample of 46 of these tires is tested and the sample mean is
38,000 kms. Assume that the populations standard deviation is 2,000 kms
and the lives of tires are approximately normally distributed.

14. What test statistic should be used?

A. t-test C. population mean
B. z-test D. standard deviation

15. What is the computed value at 5% level of significance?

A. 6.782 B. 3.033 C. -6.782 D. -3.033

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Answer the following:

1. Assume that the cholesterol levels in a certain population have mean µ =

150 and standard deviation σ = 12. The cholesterol levels for a random
sample of n = 40 individuals are measured and the sample mean x is
determined. What is the computed value at 𝛼 = 0. 01 if 𝑥̅ = 147?

2. The maximum heart rate of a person at the age of 20 is 200 beats per
minute. Conduct a survey with your neighbors whose age is between 15-
20. Collect a data of 10 samples, then compute its value for 𝛼 = 0. 01?

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What I Know What's In What's New
1. A 9. D (Is It T or Z?) (t-Test vs z-Test)
2. B 10. B
1. Z 1. z-test
3. B 11. B
4. A 12. A 2. T 2. z-test
5. A 13. A 3. T 3. t-test
6. A 14. C 4. T
7. A 15. A 5. Z
8. D
What's More What's More What's More
Activity 1: Find My Activity 2: Find My Activity 3: Compute
z-Value! t-Value! Me
1. 2.063 1. 1.980 1. -0.930
2. -1.725 2. 0.249 2. 1.244
3. 1.211 3. 3.448 3. 2.475
4. -4.333 4. 0.824 4. 1.275
5. -0.629 5. -1.599 5. 2.028
6. -1. 420
7. -0.891
What's More What I Can Do 8. 0.548
Activity 4: Find My The Corona 9. 0.968
Value!
z-test; 1.900
1. z-test; -2.498
2. z-test; 1.820
3. t-test; -2.459
4. t-test; 1.647
5. t-test; 1.537
6. t – test; 0.416
7. z – test; -3.279
8. t – test; -0.962
9. t – test; 2.304
10. z – test; -4.853
Answer Key
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What I Have
Learned
1. z-test; 30; known
𝑥̅ −𝜇
Assessment Additional
2. 𝑧 = 𝜎
1. A 9. A
√𝑛
Activities
3. t-test; unknown 2. A 10. D 1. z = -1.581
𝑥̅ −𝜇 3. A 11. C 2. Answers may vary.
4. 𝑡 = 𝑠 4. C 12. B
√𝑛
5. df = n-1 5. A 13. C
6. B 14. B
7. D 15. C
8. A
References
Textbooks

Albacea, Zita VJ., Mark John V. Ayaay, Isidoro P. David, and Imelda E. De Mesa.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Statistics and Probability. Quezon City:
Commision on Higher Education, 2016.

Caraan, Avelino Jr S. Introduction to Statistics & Probability: Modular Approach.

Mandaluyong City: Jose Rizal University Press, 2011.

De Guzman, Danilo. Statistics and Probability. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc.,
2017.
Punzalan, Joyce Raymond B. Senior High School Statistics and Probability.
Malaysia: Oxford Publishing, 2018.
Sirug, Winston S. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School CORE Subject A
Comprehensive Approach K to 12 Curriculum Compliant. Manila: Mindshapers
Co., Inc., 2017.

Online Resources

Lauer, Stephen A., Kyra H. Grantz, Qifang Bi, Forrest K. Jones, Qulu Zheng,
Hannah R. Meredith, Andrew S. Azman, Nicolas G. Reich, and Justin Lessler.
“The Incubation Period of Coronavirus. Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From
Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application,” Annals of
Internal Medicine 172, no. 9 (2020); 577-582. Accessed May 21, 2020
https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-0504

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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