Excretory & Respiratory System Review

Section 1: Excretory
Fill in the Blank:
1. ____________ is the unusable remains or by-products of a process.
2. Urine is moved via the ____________ from the kidneys to the ____________where it is
stored.
3. The ____________ is known as the outer most region of the kidney.
4. Wastes are removed from the blood in the ___________, also known as the functional
units of the kidneys.
5. Blood to be filtered is supplied to the kidneys via the ______________, and the
__________________ brings the filtered blood back to the heart.
6. The hollow cavity or basin of the kidney, the _______________, collects urine that flows
to the ureters.
7. The urinary __________ is a muscle that relaxes when we urinate.
8. Women are more prone to UTI’s because they have a shorter ____________ than men.
9. Positive ions are typical reabsorbed or secreted using ____________ transport.
10. __________ and __________ are nutrients that are completely reabsorbed in the
__________ tubule.
11. The hormone ____________ increases the permeability of the ___________ tubule to
sodium ions.
12. Proteins found in the urine can indicate a problem with the ____________, which is the
structure that acts as a filter in the nephron.
13. Water is reabsorbed in the nephron via ___________.
14. ____________, ___________, and ___________ are different substances secreted from
the blood into the filtrate.
15. The non-toxic nitrogenous compound called __________, is not reabsorbed into the
blood from the filtrate.

Diagram:

Sketch and label the major components of the urinary system. Include the kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra, aorta, inferior vena cava, renal artery, and renal vein.
Short Answer:

1. List the substance that are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. Sort them into columns of
active or passive reabsorption.

2. In step-by-step process, explain under what conditions aldosterone is released, where it

is released from, and how it impacts the concentration of urine.

3. How is aldosterone different from antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

4. Draw the direction of blood flow into the kidneys and nephrons starting with the aorta
and ending with the inferior vena cava.

5. Urea typically has a higher concentration in the urine than in the filtrate, explain why
this happens.

6. Name and describe the 3 major processes that occur in the nephron.

7. Are proteins normally found in the urine? Explain why or why not.

8. If the pH of the blood was higher than normal, what could we expect to happen? (Hint:
What substance will be secreted or reabsorbed and where?)
Section 2: Respiratory

True or False (correct the statement if false):

1. The glottis is a flap of cartilage behind the tongue that is used to cover the epiglottis
when eating, so food does not enter the lungs. _____
2. The nasal passages function to warm, clean, and humidify the air. ____
3. The bronchioles branch off into smaller tubes called bronchi in the lungs. ____
4. Villi and mucus line many structures of the respiratory system to trap pathogens. ____
5. The larynx is also known as the throat which is the passageway for air, food, and drink.
____
6. The pleura is a muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
____
7. Oxygen dissolves into the blood plasma as bicarbonate ions to be transported around
the body. ____
8. The diaphragm contracts as we exhale, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity. ____
9. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. ____
10. Inhalation is due to the decrease of air pressure in the lungs, as the volume of the chest
cavity increases because the the intercostal muscles & diaphragm have relaxed. ____
11. Internal respiration is at the level of the body tissues and cells. ____
12. CO2 is converted into O2 within the mitochondria during a process called cellular
respiration. ____
13. The vital capacity incudes the tidal volume, residual volume, and the IRV. ____
14. The medulla oblongata detects the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood stream to regulate
breathing. ____
15. External respiration refers to the diffusion of O2 from the air into the capillary network
surround the alveoli. ____

Diagram: Label the structures

of the respiratory system
Word Bank
 Trachea
 Glottis
 Epiglottis
 Alveoli
 Right Bronchus
 Oral Cavity
 Left Bronchus
 Nasal Cavity
 Nostril
 Larynx
 Lips
Short Answer:

1. Smoking and vaping are the leading causes of emphysema, a respiratory disorder in
which the walls of the tiny air sacs within the lungs begin to breakdown. What
structures does this disorder affect, and what are the repercussions of it (how and why
does it affect gas exchange)? Explain.

2. If an individual was pierced by a sharp object that penetrated their pleural membrane,
hypothesize what could we expect to happen to the air pressure within their lungs and
why.

3. Asthma is a condition in which causes inflammation of the bronchioles and tightening of

the surrounding muscles, restricting air flow to the lungs. What type of medication
might be used to treat this illness and how does it relieve the symptoms?

4. Name the three types of respiration and explain the differences between them.

5. How would you expect the spirograph of a person with a collapsed lung to compare to
that of a healthy person? Draw and label the spirograph of both individuals.