AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FOR
EQUIPMENT, DESIGN, AND
INSTALLATION
OF AMMONIA MECHANICAL
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

Sponsor

RNATIONAL INSTITUTE 0 F AMMONIA REF R IGERATION

Approved by
The American National Standards Institute
March 16, 1978

COPYRIGHT 1974
 FOREWORD
This Standard for Equipment, Design and Installation of Ammonia Mechanical Refrigeration Systems has been
prepared under the rules and regulations of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

It is not intended that this Standard specify where Ammonia Refrigeration Systems are to be used.

The Standards Review/ Interpretations Committee of has the responsibility of reviewing on an annual basis this
Standard to keep abreast of the advancements in the ammonia refrigeration industry. When applicable, the committee
will publish revisions to the Standard.

Inquiries concerning this Standard should be directed to the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration, 111
East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60601.
 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AMMONIA REFRIGERATION
REVIEW /INTERPRETATIONS COMMITTEE 74-2 (1978)

Ronald Cole, Chairman Grill Meats, Inc.

Bohn Heat Transfer Division Robert Missig
Vernon Alexander H. A. Phillips & Company
I IIAR Director,Technical Services William Richards
S.H. Bingham HEMCO Company
Merchants Refrigerating Company Melvin Hall
Henry Bonar I I Henry Valve Company
Henry Bonar II,Professional Engineer Evan Jones (Deceased)
Richard Bond Raymond McCahill
Dubuque Packing Company Henschien, Everds, Crombie, Inc.
Arthur Christensen Robert Crombie
Oscar Mayer & Company Paul R. Hosler, Inc.
Donald Neiderer Frank Krandell
Krack Corporation Howe Corporation
Edward Opryszek Alf Ahuja
John Morrell & Company IMECO, Inc.
William V. Richards Harold Michler
H. A. Phillips & Company The King Company
Jack Rowe George Anderson
Miles Laboratories, Inc.
Krack Corporation
Hanns Wittjen Donald Niederer
Cook & Nichol, Inc. Eugene Rytlewski
C . P. Wood Miles Laboratories, Inc.
C. P. Wood & Company, Inc. Paul Northam (Retired)
Frederick Young Jack Rowe
'- Freezing Equipment Sales, Inc.
John Morrell & Company
Edward Opryszek
Original Organizations and Personnel
who Authored Standard 74-2 Oscar Mayer & Company
Arthur Christensen
Armour Food Company
Powers & Associates
W. C. Matthews (Retired)
Gilbert Powers
Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc.
Preston Refrigeration Company
Frederick Long
Eugene Preston
Beatrice Foods Company
Refrigerating Engineering Company
Orville Kahrl (Retired)
George Briley
Henry Bonar II Lawrence Hildebrand
Henry Bonar II, Professional Engineer
Refrigerating Specialties Company
Bower Ammonia & Chemical Company Charles Hansen III
James Lewandowski
Service Engineering Company
CIMCO Limited Arne t t Smiley
Henry Furse
St. Onge, Ruff & Associates
Cook & Nichol, Inc. A. W. Ruff
Hanns Wittjen
Vilter Manufacturing Corporation
Dubuque Packing Company Jack Kupfer
Richard Bond Syndey Miner
Frick Company Wilson & Company
Donald Ballou Dero Krumm (Retired)
Globe Engineering Company
Vernon Alexander (Retired)
Robert Seward
Paul Woodford (Retired)
 Page
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope .................................................................................. 1
1.2 General ................................................................................ 1
1.3 Physical Properties of Ammonia .......................................................... 1
1.4 Refrigerant Grade Ammonia Specifications ................................................. 2
SECTION 2 - DEFINITIONS ....................................................................... 2
SECTION 3 - EQUIPMENT
3.1 Air Cooled Condensers .................................................................. 5
3.2 Air Cooled Desuperheaters ............................................................... 6
3.3 Compressors ............................................................................ 6
3.4 Evaporative Condensers .................................................................. 6
3.5 Shell and Tube Condensers ............................................................... 7
3.6 Pressure Vessels ......................................................................... 7
3.7 Evaporators ............................................................................ 7
3.8 Refrigerant Pump ....................................................................... 8
3.9 Refrigeration Control Valves ............................................................. 9
3.10 Controls-Electric-Pneumatic ........................................................... 10
3.1 I Pressure Relief Devices .................................................................. 10
3.12 Piping ................................................................................. 13
3.13 Testing ............................................................................... 13
3.14 Materials ............................................................................... 13
3.15 Ultimate Strength Requirements .......................................................... 13
SECTION 4 - MACHINERY ROOM DESIGN
4.1 Room Layout .......................................................................... 13
4.2 Open Flames ........................................................................... 14
4.3 Ventilation ............................................................................. 14
4.4 Architectural ........................................................................... 14
4.5 Location ............................................................................... 14
4.6 Electrical ............................................................................... 14
4.7 Insulation .............................................................................. 15
4.8 Piping ................................................................................. 15
SECTION 5 - INSTALLATION
5.1 Material Selection ....................................................................... 15
5.2 Piping Joints ........................................................................... 15
5.3 Piping Hangers and Supports ............................................................. 15
5.4 Pressure Relief Protection ................................................................ 16
5.5 Foundations and Equipment Supports ..................................................... 16
5.6 System Testing .......................................................................... 16
5.7 Ammonia Handling and Storage .......................................................... 16
SECTION 6 - TITLES A N D SOURCES OF REFERENCE STANDARDS .............................. 17
 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE This Standard shall apply only to closed
circuit mechanical refrigeration systems utilizing am-
monia as the refrigerant.
1.1.1 This Standard was written as a guide to the
design, manufacture, installation and use of ammonia
mechanical refrigeration systems in industrial occupan-
cies and is not intended to supplant existing safety codes.
In cases where the authority with jurisdiction has special
requirements that are more stringent than those herein,
that authority shall prevail.
1.2 GENERAL
1.2.1 The term "anhydrous ammonia," as used in
this Standard, refers to the compound formed by a com-
bination of two gaseous elements, nitrogen and hydrogen.
Anhydrous ammonia may be in either gaseous or liquid
form. It is not t o be confused with aqua ammonia, which
is a solution of ammonia gas in water. Whenever the term
"ammonia" appears in this standard, it is understood to
mean refrigerant grade anhydrous ammonia.
1.2.2 Experience has shown that ammonia is ex-
tremely hard to ignite and, under normal conditions, is a
very stable compound. It takes temperatures of 840-
930" F (449-499°C) to cause it to dissociate slightly at at-
mospheric pressure. The flammable limits at atmospheric
pressure are 16% and 25% by volume of ammonia in air.
An ammonia-air mixture in an iron flask does not ignite
below F (65 1°C).
Ammonia is classified by the United States Depart-
ment of Transportation and the United States Coast
Guard as a non-flammable compressed gas for the pur-
pose of transportation.
1.2.3 The maximum allowable concentration of am-
monia for an eight (8) hour working exposure is specified
as 50 ppm by 29 CFR 1910.93,Table G-1 ofOSHA. At 50
ppm its odor isdetectable by most people. Since ammonia
is self alarming, it serves as its own warningagent, so that
a person is not likely to voluntarily remain in concen-
trations which are hazardous. Since ammonia gas is
lighter than air, adequate ventilation is the best means of
preventing an accumulation of ammonia.
1.2.4 It is important that personnel understand the
properties of this gas and that they be thoroughly trained
in safe practices for its use and application. The physical
properties and specification of refrigerant grade am-
monia are listed in Section I .3 and Section 1.4.

1.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA:

English Common Metric S.I.

Molecular sym bo I N N
Molecular weight 17.032 17.032 17.032
Boiling point at
one atmosphere* -28" F (-33.3" C) (239.85K)
Freezing point at
one atmosphere* (195.55K)
Critical temperature (133°C) (406.15K)
Critical pressure 1657 psig ( I 16.2 kg/ (1 I .42 M Pa)
Latent heat a t -28°F
and one
atmosphere* 598.3 Btu/lb (332.4 cal/gm) (13.92 M J/ kg)
Relative density of
vapor compared to dry
air at 32°F and
one atmosphere* 0.5970 0.5970 0.5970
Vapor density at -28" F
and one
atmosphere* 0.0555 Ib/ (0.889 kg/ (0.889kg/
1.4 REFRIGERANT GRADE AMMONIA
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.4.1 This material shall be a clear colorless liquid or
gas free from visible impurities.
1.4.2 Refrigeration grade anhydrous ammonia
contain 99.95 percent minimum pure ammonia for charg-
ing both new and old refrigeration systems and shallequal
or exceed the minimum requirements of Federal
Specification OA445a, Ammonia Technical.
1.4.3 The use of a grade specifying only99.5 per cent
ammonia or less not be approved.
SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
2.01 AIR COOLED CONDENSER is a condenser
including means for forcing air circulation over the exter-
nal surface of the condenser coil for the heat removal
necessary to liquefy refrigerant vapor on the inside of the
tubes.
2.02 AIR COOLED DESUPERHEATER is that part
of the system designed to cool the ammonia refrigerant
vapor after it is discharged from the compressor and
before it enters the condenser. It is provided witha means
o f forcing air circulation over the external surface of the
desuperheater coil for the heat removal necessary to cool
the refrigerant vapor on the inside of the tubes. It does not
include desuperheaters that are integral components of
condensers.

1.4.4 Purity requirements are:
Ammonia Content (determined by
evaporative residue test)
Non-Basic Gas in Vapor Phase
Non-Basic Gas in Liquid Phase
Water
Oil (as soluble in petroleum ether)
Salt (calculated as NaCI)
Pyridine, Hydrogen Sulfide, Napthalene
2.03 APPROVED means acceptable to the authorities
having jurisdiction.
99.95% Min. 2.04 AN APPROVED NATIONALLY RECOG-
25 ppm Max. NIZED TESTING LABORATORY is one acceptable to
10 ppm Max. the authorities having jurisdiction, that provides uniform
33 ppm Max. testing and examination procedures under established
2 ppm Max. standards, is properly organized, equipped, and qualified
None for testing, and has a follow-up inspection service of the
None current production of the listed products.

1.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA:

English Common Metric S.I.

Specific gravity of liquid at
-28" F compared
to water at F C) 0.68 19 0.6819 0.68 19
Liquid density at -28" F
and one
atmosphere* 42.57 (6.8 19 kg/ (6.8 19 kg/
Specific volume of vapor
a t 32" F C) and one
atmosphere* 20.78 / lb (1.29 / kg) (1.29 / kg)
Flammable limits by
volume in air a t
atmospheric pressure 16% to 25% 16% to 25% 16% to 25%
Ignition temperatures 1204" F 651°C (924.15K)
Specific heat, Gas
F) one atmosphere*
at constant pressure, Cp 0.5232 Btu/ F (0.5232 cal/ C) (2189.0 J / kgK)
at constant volume, Cv 0.3995 Btu/ Ib" F (0.3995 cal/ C) (1672 J / kgK)
*One atmosphere = 14.7 psig ( 1.033 kg/ (101.4 kPa)

2
2.05 AUTOMATIC EXPANSION VALVE is a con-
trolling device which regulates the flow of volatile liquid
refrigerant I I I to an evaporator of a refrigeration system
and which isactuated toward opening by a lowering ofthe
evaporator pressure below the setting of the valve spring.
2.06 A U T O M A T I C L I Q U I D REFRIGERANT
DRAIN VALVE, same function as High Side Float
Valve. (See 2.28)
2.07 BRINE is any liquid used for the transmission of
heat without a change in its state.
2.08 CHECK VALVE is a controldevice which permits
fluid flow through the device in one direction, but
prevents return of the fluid in the opposite direction.
2.09 COMPANION OR BLOCK VALVES are pairs of
mating stop valves, valving off sections of systems and
arranged so that these sections may be joined before
opening these valves or separted after closing them.
2.10 COMPRESSOR is a specific machine, with or
without accessories, for compressing refrigerant vapor. A
BOOSTER COMPRESSOR is a compressor, with or
without accessories, for compressing ammonia
refrigerant vapor and discharging to the suction system of
a higher stage compressor.
2.11 COMPRESSOR UNIT is a condensing unit less
the condenser and liquid receiver.
2.12 CONDENSER is that part of the system designed
to liquefy refrigerant vapor by removal of heat.
2.13 CONDENSER COIL is that part of a condenser
constructed of pipe o r tubing other than a shell and tube
or shell and coil type.
2.14 CONDENSING UNIT is a specific refrigerating
machine combination consisting of one or more power-
driven compressor, condensers, liquid receivers (when re-
quired), and the regularly furnished accessories.
2.15 CONTAINER is a cylinder for the transportation
of ammonia refrigerant.
2.16 DESIGN PRESSURE is the maximum allowable
working pressure, psig, for which a specific part of a
system is designed.
2.17 DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE REGULATOR is
a controlling device which regulates the flow of
refrigerant gas or liquid o r oil through the device from a
section of the system to a lower pressure section of the
system and which is actuated toward open by a pressure
falling below regulator set-point downstream of the
regulator orifice.
3
2.18 DUCT An Air is a tube or conduit used for
conveying air. (The air passages
are not to be construed as air ducts).
2.19 EVAPORATOR is that part of the system
designed t o vaporize liquid refrigerant to produce
refrigeration effect.
2.20 EVAPORATOR COIL is that part of a n
evaporator constructed of pipe or tubing other than a
shell and tube type.
2.21 EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER is a condenser
that obtains cooling effect by the evaporation of water in
a n air stream on the external surface of the tubes for the
heat removal necessary to liquefy refrigerant vapor on the
inside of the tubes.
2.22 EVAPORATOR PRESSURE REGULATOR is
a controlling device which regulates the flow of primarily
gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator section of the
system into a lower pressure section and which is actuated
toward open by a pressure above set-point ahead of the
valve.
2.23 EXIT is a confined passageway immediately adja-
cent t o the door through which people leave a building.
2.24 FIELD TEST is a test performed in the field to
prove system tightness.
2.25 FORCED FEED OIL LUBRICATION is where
oil is positively provided for purposes of lubrication by
means of an internal or external mechanical oil pump.
This does not include splash type or drip type compressor
lubrication systems.
2.26 FLOW REGULATOR is a controlling device
which regulates the flow of liquid refrigerant through the
device from a section of the system to a lower pressure sec-
tion of the system and which is actuated by flow rate
changes to maintain a predetermined flow rate.
2.27 HIGH SIDE means the parts of an ammonia
refrigerating system subjected to condenser pressure.
2.28 HIGH SIDE FLOAT VALVE is a controlling
device which regulates the flow of volatile liquid
refrigerant from a higher pressure section of the system
into a lower pressure section and which is actuated
toward open by a rising liquid level upstream of the valve.
2.29 HOT GAS BYPASS REGULATOR is a con-
trolling device which regulates the flow of refrigerant hot
gas through the device from a higher pressure section of
the system to a lower pressure section of the system and
which is actuated toward open by a pressure falling below
regulator set-point downstream of the regulator orifice.
2.30 INTERNAL GROSS VOLUME is determined
from internal dimensions of the container exclusive of in-
ternal parts. The measurement will be as if the internal
parts were not there.
2.31 LISTED means equipment that has been tested
and is identified as acceptable by an approved national!,)
recognized testing laboratory.
2.32 LIQUID RECEIVER is a pressure vessel per-
manently connected to a refrigerating system by inlet and
outlet pipes for storage of liquid refrigerant.
2.33 LOW SIDE means the parts of a refrigerating
system subjected to evaporator pressure.
2.34 LOW SIDE FLOAT VALVE is a controlling
device which regulates the flow of volatile liquid
refrigerant into an evaporator pressure section of the
system from a higher pressure section and which is ac-
tuated toward closed by a rising liquid level downstream
of the valve.
2.35 MACHINERY is the refrigerating equipment
forming a part of the refrigerating system, including but
not limited to any or all of the following: compressor,
condenser, liquid receiver. connecting piping, or
evaporator.
2.36 MACHINERY ROOM is a room in which a
refrigerating system is permanently installed and
operated, but not including evaporators located in a cold
storage room, refrigerator box, air cooled space, or other
enclosed space. Closets solely contained within, and
opening only into, a room shall not be considered
machinery rooms, but shall be considered a part of the
machinery room in which they are contained or open into.
It is not the intent of this definition to cause the space in
which a self-contained system is located to be classified as
a machinery room
2.37 MANUFACTURER is the company or organiza-
tion which evidences its responsibility by affixing its name
or nationally registered trademark or trade name to the
refrigeration equipment concerned.
2.38 MECHANICAL JOINT is a gas-tight joint, ob-
tained by the joining of metal parts through a positive
holding mechanical construction.
2.39 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
is a combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing
parts constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in which a
refrigerant is circulated for the purpose ofextracting heat
and in which a compressor is used for compressing the
ammonia refrigerant vapor .
2.40 MOTORIZED VALVE is adevice which regulates
the flow of fluid through the device by means of a motor
which moves a plug with respect to an orifice.
2.41 N O N P O S T I V E DISPLACEMENT COM-
PRESSOR is a compressor in which increase in vapor
pressure is attained without changing the internal volume
of the compression chamber.
2.42 OIL DRAIN FLOAT VALVE, same functi:on as
High Side Float Valve, except controlling oil. (See 2.28)
2.43 PILOT OPERATED VALVE is the valve which
regulates flow in response to a signal from a pilot.
2.44 PIPING means the pipe or tube mains for inter-
connecting the various parts of a refrigerating system.
Piping includes pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, fit-
tings, the pressure containing parts of other components
such as expansion joints, strainers, and devices which
serve such purposes as mixing. separating. snubbing, dis-
tributing, metering or controlling flow, pipe supporting
fixtures and structural attachments.
2.45 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR
is a compressor in which increase in pressure is attained
by changing the internal volume of the compression
chamber.
2.46 PRESSURE-IMPOSING ELEMENT is any
device or portion of the equipment used for the purpose of
increasing the refrigerant vapor pressure.
2.47 PRESSURE-LIMITING DEVICE is a pressure-
responsive mechanism designed to automatically stop the
operation of the pressure-imposing element at a predeter-
mined pressure.
2.48 PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICE is a pressure ac-
tuated valve or rupture member designed to automatical-
ly relieve excessive pressure.
2.49 PRESSURE-RELIEF VALVE is a pressure ac-
tuated valve held closed by a spring or other means and
designed to automatically relieve pressure in excess of its
setting.
2.50 P R E S S U R E VESSEL is any refrigerant-
containing receptacle of a refrigerating system other than
evaporators (each separate section of which does not ex-
ceed (.0 I4 of refrigerant-containing volume),
evaporator coils, compressors, condenser coils, controls,
headers, pumps and piping.
2.51 REFRIGERANT is a substance used t o produce
refrigeration by its expansion or vaporization.
4
2.52 REFRIGERANT PRESSURE ACTIVATED
CONDENSING WATER REGULATOR is a device
which regulates the flow of cooling water through the
device to or from a water-cooled condenser and which is
actuated toward open by refrigerant high side pressure
rising above the regulator set-point.
2.53 REFRIGERANT PUMP is a mechanical device
for moving liquid ammonia refrigerant within a closed
circuit mechanical refrigeration system.
2.54 RUPTURE MEMBER is a device that will rupture
at a predetermined pressure.
2.55 SATURATION PRESSURE of a refrigerant is
the pressure a t which there is stable co-existence of the
vapor and liquid or the vapor and solid phase.
2.56 SELF-CONTAINED SYSTEM is a complete
factory-made and factory-tested system in a suitable
frame or enclosure which is fabricated and shipped in one
or more sections and in which no refrigerant-containing
parts are connected in the field other than by companion
o r block valves.
2.57 SHALL. Where “shall” or “shall not” is used for a
provision specified, that provision is intended to be man-
datory.
2.58 SHELL A N D TUBE CONDENSER is a type of
condenser where tubes in a bundle with each end secured
in a tube sheet are enclosed in a shell with refrigerant in
the shell. A shell a n d tube condenser with refrigerant in
the shell is a pressure vessel.
2.59 SHELL A N D TUBE EVAPORATOR is a type of
evaporator where tubes or coils are enclosed in a shell.
Flooded type is with the evaporating ammonia in the
shell. Direct expansion type is with the evaporating am-
monia in the tubes or coils.
2.60 SHOULD. “Should” or “should not” or “it is
recommended” is used to indicate provisions which are
not mandatory but which are recommended good prac-
tice.
2.61 SOLENOID VALVE. A valve which is opened or
closed by the magnetic action of a n electrically energized
coil. The opposite action is accomplished by gravity,
pressure, or spring action.
2.62 STOP VALVE is a device to shut off the flow.
2.63 TEST PRESSURE is the minimum pressure, psi
gage, to which a specific part is subjected under test condi-
tion.
2.64 THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE is a
5
controlling device which regulates the flow of volatile
refrigerant into an evaporator of a refrigeration system
and which is actuated by changes in evaporator pressure
and superheat of the refrigerant gas leaving the
evaporator. The basic response is to superheat.
2.65 THREE-WAY TYPE STOP VALVE is a manual-
ly operated valvewith one inlet which alternately can stop
flow to either of two outlets.
2.66 ULTIMATE STRENGTH is the highest stress
level which the component can tolerate without rupture.
2.67 UNPROTECTED TUBING is tubing which is not
protected by enclosure or suitable locationso that it is ex-
posed to crushing, abrasion, puncture, or similar
mechanical damage under installed conditions.
2.68 UPSTREAM PRESSURE REGULATOR is a
controlling device which regulates the flow of refrigerant
gas or liquid or oil through the device from a section of the
system to a lower pressure section of the system and which
is actuated toward open by a pressure rising above
regulator set-point upstream of the regulator orifice.
2.69 WELDED JOINT is a gas-tight joint. obtained by
the joining of metal parts in molten state.
SECTION 3. EQUIPMENT
3.1 AIR COOLED CONDENSERS
3.1.1 GENERAL This section applies to air cooled
condensers which are applied to closed circuit ammonia
mechanical refrigeration systems.
DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
Minimum design pressure of 300 psi gage
(21.09 (2068.0 kPa gage). For ul-
timate strength see 3.15.
Air cooled condensers shall be designed to
withstand air velocities of 100 mph (44.7 m/ s)
Fans, drives and motors shall be protected
with screens or guards in accordance with ap-
proved safety standards. (Occupatio na lSafe-
ty and Health Administration, Department of
Labor, Federal Register, May 29, 1971
General Requirement for Machines. Section
1910.212 and Mechanical Power Transmis-
sion Apparatus, 1910.219.)
Propeller, axial, or centrifugal fan speeds
shall not exceed the safe design speed
recommended by the manufacturer for the
temperature and nature of the application.
 3.1.3 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers pro-
ducing ammonia air cooled condensers shall provide the
following minimum data:
Manufacturer‘s name.
Year of manufacture.
Design pressure.
Electrical full load amps.
Volts, hertz and phase.
Refrigerant for which designed.
Identification number.
Model designation number.
3.2 AIR COOLED DESUPERHEATERS
3.2.1 GENERAL All requirements of Section 3.1
Air Cooled Condensers shall apply to this section.
3.3 COMPRESSORS
3.3.1 GENERAL This section applies to com-
pressors which are applied to closed circuit ammonia
mechanical refrigeration systems.
Products covered by this section are rotary vane
booster compressors, reciprocating booster and high
stage compressors, and rotary screw booster and high
stage compressors and centrifugal booster and high stage
compressors.
3.3.2 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
a) Minimum design pressures for high stage
compressors shall be:
Water or Evap. Cooled Condensing
250 psi gage
(17.57 gage) (1724.0 kPa gage)
Air Cooled Condensing
300 psi gage
(2 1.09 kg/ gage) (2068.0 gage)
b) Minimum design pressures for booster com-
pressors shall be 150 psi gage (10.54
gage) (1034.0 kPa gage).
c) Positive displacement compressors shall be
equipped by the manufacturer with a
pressure-relief device of adequate size and
pressure setting to prevent rupture of the com-
pressor, located between the compressor and
stop valve on the discharge and may be of the
internal or external type relief device. This dis-
charge from such pressure-relief device may
be vented to the atmosphere or into the low
pressure side of the system per AN-
SI/ ASHRAE Standard 15 (supercedes B9.1),
1978, Section 10.5.
d) Each compressor shall be provided with a low
pressure control and a pressure-limiting
device. Compressors using forced feed oil
lubrication should be provided with a lubrica-
tion failure control. The pressure-limiting
device (except for booster compressors) shall
be of the manual reset type. The setting of the
pressure-limiting device shall not exceed the
lower of the compressor manufacturer’s
recommendations or 90% of the high side
pressure-relief device setting. The setting of
the low pressure control shall be in accor-
dance with the compressor manufacturer’s
recommendations.
e) Compressor coupling guards and belt, pulley
and flywheel guards shall be provided in com-
pliance with approved safety standards (Oc-
cupational, Safety and Health Administra-
tion, Department of Labor, Federal Register,
May 29, 1971, General Requirement for
machines).
f) If rotation is to be in only one direction, a
rotation arrow shall be cast-in or permanently
attached to the compressor frame.
g) For ultimate strength see 3.15.
3.3.3 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers pro-
ducing compressors shall provide the following minimum
data:
Maximum design pressure.
Maximum permissible speed.
Refrigerant.
Year of manufacture.
Manufactuer’s name.
Manufacturer’s model number.
Manufacturer’s identification number
(serial #).
Maximum permissible crankcase
pressure.
3.4 EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS
3.4.1 GENERAL This section applies to
evaporative condensers which are applied to closed cir-
cuit ammonia mechanical refrigeration systems.
3.4.2 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
a) Minimum design pressure shall be 250 psi
gage (17.57 gage) (1724.0 kPa gage).
For ultimate strength see 3.15.
b) Evaporative condensers shall be designed to
withstand air velocities of 100 mph (44.7 m / s).
6
 c) Fans, drives and motors shall be protected
with screens or guards in accordance with ap-
proved safety standards. (Occupational Safe-
ty and Health Administration, Department of
Labor, Federal Register, May 29, 1971
General Requirement for Machines, Section
1910.2I2 and Mechanical Power Transmis-
sion Apparatus, 1910.219)
d) Propeller, axial, or centrifugal fan speeds
shall not exceed the safe design speed
recommended by the manufacturer for the
temperature and nature of application.
3.4.3 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers pro-
ducing ammonia evaporative condensers shall provide
the following data:
a) Manufacturer’s name.
b) Year of manufacture.
c) Manufacturer’s identification number .
d) Manufacturer’s model number.
e) Design pressure.
3.5 SHELL A N D TUBE CONDENSERS
3.5.1 GENERAL This section applies to shell and
tube condensers which are applied for use in ammonia
closed circuit mechanical refrigeration systems.
Products covered by this section are horizontal and
vertical shell and tube condensers with closed water
passes and vertical shell and tube condensers with open
water passes.
3.5.2 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
a) Minimum design pressure shall be 250 psi
gage (17.57 kg/ gage) (1724.0 kPa gage).
b) Pressure vessels shall be provided with
pressure-relief protection in accordance with
rules given in Section 3.1 1.4 Pressure Vessel
Protection.
c) Adequate nozzles shall be provided in the
condenser shell for the attachement of
pressure-relief device(s) required in Section
3.1 1.4 Pressure Vessel Protection.
3.5.3 NAMEPLATE DATA The manufacturers
producing shell and tube condensers shall provide the
following minimum data:
a) Manufacturer’s name
b) Year manufactured.
c) National Board number.
d) Serial number.
e) ASME stamp.
f) Shell maximum allowable working pressure
at temperature.
g) Tube maximum allowable working pressure
at temperature.
h) Manufacturer’s model number.
c‘
3.6 PRESSURE VESSELS
3.6.1 GENERAL This section applies to high
pressure and low pressure vessels which are applied for
use in ammonia closed circuit mechanical refrigeration
systems.
3.6.2 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
a) Minimum design pressure high side utilizing
water cooled condensing shall be 250 psi gage
(17.57 gage) (1724.0 kPa gage) and
utilizing air cooled condensing shall be 300 psi
gage (21.09 gage) (2068.0 kPa gage).
b) Minimum design pressure low side shall be
150 psi gage (10.54 kPa
gage).
c) Pressure vessels exceeding 6 inches (152.4
mm.) inside diameter shall comply with the
rules of Section VIII, Division 1,1977 ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code covering the
requirements for design, fabrication, inspec-
tion and testing during construction of un-
fired pressure vessels.
d) All pressure, vessels shall be provided with
adequate opening(s) for the attachment of
safety relief device(s) as required in Section
3 . I 1.4 Pressure Vessel Protection.
3.6.3 N A M E P L A T E D A T A Manufacturers
producing pressure vessels shall provide the following
minimum data:
a) Manufacturer’s name.
b) Maximum allowable working pressure
at temperature.
c) Manufacturer’s serial number.
d) Year manufactured.
e) National Board Number.
f) An additional pressure and temperature
stamping may be required with reference to
vessels used below -20°F which are
not impact tested. (See Section VIII, Division
1, 1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code).
3.7 EVAPORATORS
3.7.1 G E N E R A L This section applies to
evaporators which are applied for use in ammonia closed
circuit mechanical refrigeration systems.
 3.7.2 EVAPORATOR COIL
3.7.2.1 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
Minimum design pressure shall be 150 psi
gage (10.54 gage) (1034.0 kPa gage).
For ultimate strength see 3.15.
Fans, drives and motors shall be protected
with screens or guards in accordance with ap-
proved safety standards. (Occupational Safe-
ty and Health Administration, Department of
Labor, Federal Register, May 29, 1971
General Requirement for Machines, Section
19 10.2 12 and Mechanical Power Transmis-
sion Apparatus, 1910.219)
Propeller, axial, or centrifugal fan speeds
shall not exceed the safe design speed
recommended by the manufacturer for the
temperature and nature of the application.
3.7.2.2 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers
producing evaporator coils with fan(s) and motor(s)shall
provide the following minimum data:
Manufacturer’s name and trademark.
Year of Manufacture.
Design pressure.
Electrical full load amps for all components.
Volts, hertz, and phase.
Refrigerant for which designed.
Identification number.
Model designation number.
3.7.3 SHELL and TUBE EVAPORATORS
3.7.3.1 FLOODED TYPE REFRIGERANT IN
SHELL
3.7.3.1.1 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
a) The shell side in the pressure vessel shall be
provided with relief protection in accordance
with Section 3. I 1.4 Pressure Vessel Protec-
tion.
b) Minimum design pressure shall be 150 psi
gage (10.54 gage) (1034.0 kPa gage).
3.7.3.1.2 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers
producing shell and tube evaporators for refrigerants in
the shell, shall provide the following minimum data:
Manufacturer’s name.
Shell maximum allowable working pressure
a t -temperature.
Tube maximum allowable working pressure
at temperature.
Manufacturer’s serial number.
Year manufactured.
National Board Number.
ASME stamp.
An additonal pressure and temperature
stamping may be required with reference to
vessels used below which are
not impact tested. (See Section VIll. Division
1, 1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code.)
Manufacturer’s model number.
DIRECT EXPANSION TYPE WITH
REFRIGERANT IN TUBES
3.7.3.2.1 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
Tube shall comply with rules of Section 5
ANSI B31.5 1974 or Section V I I I , Division I ,
1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesselcode,
whichever applies.
Tube side minimum design pressure shall be
150 psi gage (10.54 gage) (1034.0 kPa
gage).
3.7.3.2.2 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers
producing shell and tube evaporators for refrigerant in
the tube shall provide the following minimum data:
Manufacturer’s name.
Shell maximum allowable working pressure
at temperature.
Tube maximum allowable working pressure
at temperature.
Manufacturer’s serial number.
Year manufactured.
National Board Number.
ASME stamp.
An additional pressure and temperature
stamping may be required with reference to
vessels used below -20°F which are
not impact tested. (See Section VIII, Division
1, 1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code.)
Manufacturer’s model number.
3.8 REFRIGERANT PUMP
3.8.1 GENERAL This section applies to mechanical
pumps applied for use in closed circuit ammonia
mechanical refrigeration systems.
3.8.2 DESIGN CRITERIA shall be as follows:
a) A safety relief valve shall be used between the
pump discharge and any stop valve in the dis-
charge line to provide pump casing or housing
protection. This valve shall vent either to the
pump suction line or to the vessel to which
pump suction is connected. This valve shall be
8
 external to the pump housing. Safety valve
shall be sized to vent sufficient liquid am-
monia to limit discharge pressure to a value
not detrimental to the pump housing or cas-
ing.
b) The pump casing minimum design pressure
shall be 150 psi gage (10.54 gage)
(1034.0 kPa gage) for low side service and 250
psi gage (17.57 gage) (1724.0 kPa
gage) for high side service with water cooled
condensing and 300 psi gage (21.09
gage) (2068.0 kPa gage) with air cooled con-
densing. For ultimate strength requirement
see 3.15.
Pump drives and motors shall be protected
c)
with screens or guards in accordance with ap-
proved safety standards. (Occupational Safe-
ty and Health Administration, Department of
Labor, Federal Register, May 29, 1971
General Requirements for Machines, Section
1910.212 and Mechanical Power Transmis-
sion Apparatus, 1910.219)
3.8.3 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers pro-
ducing ammonia pumps should permanently affix to the
pump, in no-frost area, a nameplate providing the follow-
ing minimum data:
Manufacturer's name
Refrigerant.
Maximum working pressure.
Minimum allowable refrigerant
temperature.
Maximum speed of pump.
Maximum H P of pump.
Manufacturer's model number.
3.9 REFRIGERATION CONTROL VALVES
3.9.1 GENERAL This section applies to control
valves which contain or which are directly and
automatically actuated by the ammonia refrigerant or its
associated lubricating oil.
Products covered include solenoid valves, ther-
mostatic expansion valves, automatic expansion valves,
high side float valves, low sidefloat valves, oil drain float
valves, automatic liquid refrigerant drain valves,
evaporator pressure regulators, downstream pressure
regulators, hot gas bypass regulators, check valves,
motorized valves, flow regulators, pilot operated and
refrigerant pressure actuated condensing water
regulators.
Refrigeration control valves contained within the
refrigerant containing envelope for other equipment such
as slide valves in screw compressors are not included in
this section.
9
3.9.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.9.2.1 Minimum design pressure for refrigeration
control valves:
a) 250 psi gage (17.57 kPa
gage) for water cooled condensing systems.
c'
b) 300 psi gage (2 1.09 kg/ gage) (2068.0 kPa
gage) for air cooled condensing systems.
3.9.2.2 The pressure requirements of3.9.2.1 apply to
fluid and ambient temperatures of -20°F to
450" F
3.9.2.3 For temperatures below -20" F use
ANSI B31.5 1974 Code for Refrigerant Piping Par. 5 2 3 .
3.9.2.4 This standard does not apply and is not
recommended for any products of this section at
temperatures exceeding 450" F
3.9.2.5 Connections Requirements. Connection
style, design, and fabrication for main and auxiliary con-
nections shall be such that leaktight field installation is
possible without reducing the pressure requirements of
3.9.2.1
3.9.2.6 Functional Test. Each completely assembled
control valve shall be subject to a manufacturer's bench
test using air or other suitable fluid which will simulate
the field performance of the moving parts of the valve in a
manner which will determine that the completed device
c-
actually functions.
3.9.2.7 Leakage Test. Each completely assembled
control valve shall be subject to a manufacturer's bench
test using air or other suitable fluid which will enable
observation of the leakage through the device when in a
nominally closed position.
3.9.2.8 Pressure Test. Each completely assembled
control valve shall be subjected to a pressure test by the
manufacturer at not less than the design pressure as men-
tioned in 3.9.2.1. The entire envelope of the device shall
exhibit zero leakage under this pressure when subject to
inspection under clean water or other suitable liquid or
other leakage detection method of equal or greater sen-
sitivity.
3.9.3 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers pro-
ducing refrigeration control valves shall provide the
following minimum data:
a) Manufacturer's name.
b) Serial number.
c) Volts.
d) Amperes.
e) Hertz.
f) Manufacturer's model number.
 3.10 CONTROLS-ELECTRIC-PNEUMATIC
3.10.1 GENERAL This section applies to sensing
devices which initiate control pulses or signals applied for
'(@ use in ammonia closed circuit refrigeration systems.
Not included hereunder are relay switches, contac-
tors, and starters.
3.10.2 DESIGN CRITERIA Minimum design
pressure high side:
a) Water cooled or evap. condensing 250 psi
gage (17.57 kg/cm2 gage) (1724.0 kPa gage).
b) Air cooled condensing 300 psi gage (21.09
kg/cm2 gage) (2068.0 kPa gage). Minimum
design pressure low side: 150 psi gage (10.54
kg/ cm2 gage) (1034.0 kPa gage).
3.103 NAMEPLATE DATA Manufacturers pro-
ducing electrical and/ or pneumatic control shall provide
the following minimum data:
a) Name of manufacturer.
b) Volts.
c) Amperes.
d) Hertz.
e) Any special characteristics of a control device
will be noted either on the name tag or on the
accompanying literature.
f) Manufacturer's model and/ serial number.
:I~(@
3.1 1 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
3.1 I .I GENERAL
3.1 1.1 .I This section applies to pressure-relief
devices installed on ammonia closed circuit mechanical
refrigeration systems, containing pressure vessels, for the
purpose of safely relieving excess pressure due to fire or
other abnormal conditions.
3.1 1.1.2 Every ammonia refrigerating system shall
be protected by a pressure-relief device in accordance
with the general requirements of Section 10, AN-
SI/ASHRAE Standard 15 (supersedes B9.1), 1978, and
in addition shall comply with the specific requirements set
forth in this standard.
3.11.1 3 All pressure-relief devices shall be directly
pressure actuated. Each part of a refrigerating system
which can be valved off and which contains one or more
pressure vessels having internal diameters greater than 3
inches (76mm) and containing liquid refrigerant shall be
protected by a pressure-relief device.
@ 3.11.1.4 Stop Valves shall not be located between
the means of pressure relief and the part or parts of the
system protected thereby except when the stop valve is of
the three-way type connected in series to two parallel
relief devices in such a way that both relief devices cannot
be shut off from the system at the same time.
3.11.1.5 All pressure-relief devices shall be con-
nected above the liquid refrigerant level, and as nearly as
practicable directly to the pressure vessel or other parts of
the system protected thereby, and installed so that they
are readily accessible for inspection and repair.
3.1 1.1.6 For hydrostatic pressure-relief see 5.4.1.4.
3.11.2 SETTING OF PRESSURE-RELIEF
DEVICES
3.11.2.1 Pressure-relief valve setting. All pressure-
relief valves shall be set to start to function at a pressure
not to exceed thedesign pressure of the parts of the system
protected.
3.11.2.2 Rupture member setting. All rupture
members used in lieu of, or in series with a relief valve
shall have a nominal rated rupture pressure not t o exceed
the design pressure of the parts of the system protected.
The conditions of application shall conform to the re-
quirements of Section VIII, Division I , 1977 ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
Rupture Members installed ahead of relief valves need
not be larger, but shall not be smaller than the relief valve
inlet.
3.11.3 MARKING OF RELIEF DEVICES
3.1 13.1 All pressure-relief valves for refrigerant-
containing components shall be set and sealed by the
manufacturer. Each pressure-relief valve shall be marked
by the manufacturer with the data required in Section
VIII, Division 1, 1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Code
except relief valves for systems with designpressures of 15
psi gage (1.054 kg/ cm2 gage) (103.4 kPa gage) or less may
be marked by the manufacturer with the pressure setting
and capacity.
3.113.2 Each rupture member for repigerant-
containing pressure vessels shall be marked with the data
required in Section VIII, Division 1, 1977 ASME Boiler
and Pressure Code.
3.11.4 PRESSURE VESSEL PROTECTION
3.1 1.4.1 Pressure vessels shall be provided with
pressure relief protection in accordance with rules given
in Section VIII, Division 1, 1977 ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code.
3.11.4.2 Pressure vessels of less than 10 ft3 (0.281113)
internalgross volume. Eachpressure vessel, containing li-
quid ammonia refrigerant. with internalgross volume less
10
than 10 except as specified in Section3.11.4.4
and 3.1 1.4.5 and which may be shut off from all other
parts of a refrigerating system shall be protected by a
pressure-relief device having sufficient capacity to pre-
vent the pressure in the vessel from rising more than 10%
above the setting of the pressure-relief device.
3.11.4.3 Pressure vessels of 10 internal
gross volume or over. Each pressure vessel 10
gross or over shall be protected under conditions specified
in Section 3.1 1.4.2 by two parallel pressure-relief devices
connected to a three-way type stop valve as described in
Section 3.1 1.1.4. Each pressure-relief valve shall have suf-
ficient capacity to prevent the pressure in the pressure
vessel from rising more than 10% above the setting of the
pressure-relief valve.
3.1 1.4.3.1 Pressure-relief valves discharging into
low side of the system. Under conditions permitted in
3.1 1.4.10 a single relief valve (not rupture member) of the
required relieving capacity may be used on vessels of 10
or over.
3.1 1.4.3.2 Pressure-relief devices in parallel on large
vessels. In cases where largepressure vessels containing li-
quid refrigerant except as specified in 3.1 1.4.5 require the
use of two or more pressure-relief devices in parallel to
obtain the capacity required, the battery ofpressure-relief
devices shall be considered as a unit, and therefore as one
pressure-relief device.
3.1 1.4.4 Pressure vessels with internalgross volume
of 3 or less, and with inside diameter of 3
inches (76mm) or less shall be exempt from the re-
quirements of 3.1 1.4.2.
3 .1 1.4.5 Pressure-relief device for pressure vessels
used as, or as part of Evaporator Pressure Vessels having
internal diameters greater than 6 inches (152mm) used as
or as part of evaporators insulated or installed in in-
sulated space, and which may be shut off by valves from
all other parts of a refrigerating system shall be protected
by a pressure-relief device in accordance with the
provisions of 3.11.4.2 and 3.1 1.4.3 except that the
provisions of Section 3.1 1.4.3 requiring a second parallel
pressure-relief valve. shall not apply. Pressure vessels
used as evaporators, having internal diameters of 6 inches
(152mm) or less, are expempt from pressure-relief device
requirements.
3.11.4.6 Required Capacity. The minimum required
discharge capacity of the pressure-relief device for each
pressure vessel shall be determined by the following:
C = 0.5DL (Ib/ min.) C = 2.44 DL (kg/min.)
Where C = minimum required discharge capacity ofthe
relief device in lb. of air per min. (kg / min.)
D = outside diameter of the vessel in ft. (m)
L = length of vessel in ft. (m)
11
When one pressure-relief device is used to protect more
than one pressure vessel the required capacity shall be the
sum of the capacities required for each pressure vessel.
3.1 1.4.7 The rated discharge capacity of a pressure-
relief valve expressed in pounds of air per minute, shall be
determined in accordance with Section VIII, Division 1,
1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. All pipe
and fittings between thepressure-relief valve and the parts
of the system it protects shall have at least the area of the
pressure-relief valve inlet.
3.11.4.8 The rated discharge capacity of a rupture
member discharging to atmosphere under critical flow
conditions in pounds of air per minute shall be deter-
mined by the following formulas:
C = 0.8 [C = 4.08
d= [d = 156.6 ]
Where C rated discharge capacity, in Ibs. of air per
minute [kg/ min.]
d = smallest of the internal diameter of the inlet pipe,
retaining flanges or rupture members in inches [mm].
= [rated pressure (PSIG) x 1.10 + 14.7 rated pressure
(kPa gage) x 1.10 + 101.]
3.11.4.9 Discharge of pressure-relief devices on all
systems containing ammonia refrigerant shall be to the
outside of the building in an approved manner.
Discharge piping connected to the discharge side of a
rupture member (bursting disc) shall have provisions to
prevent plugging the piping in the event the bursting disc
functions.
3.11.4.10 Pressure-relief valves may discharge into
the low side of the system, provided the pressure-relief
devices are of a type not appreciably affected by back
pressures and provided the low side of the system is
equipped with pressure-relief devices. The relief devices
on the low side of the system shallhave sufficient capacity
to protect the pressure vessels that are relieved into the
low side of the system, or to protect allpressure vessels on
the low side of the system, whichever relieving capacity is
the largest, as computed by the formula in Section
3.1 1.4.6. Such low sidepressure-relief devices shall be set
in accordance with Section 3.1 1.4.6and vented to the out-
side of the building in accordance with Section3.11.4.9.
3.11.4.11 Ammonia discharge.Thedischargeofam-
monia from pressure-relief valves may be into a tank of
water which shall be used for no purpose except ammonia
absorption. At least 1 gallon of fresh water shall be
provided for each pound of ammonia in the system. (8
parts of water per part of ammonia). The water used shall
be prevented from freezing without the use of salt or
continued on page 13
 MAXIMUM EQUIVALENT LENGTH DISCHARGE PIPING (“L” IN FEET) FOR
PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICES AT VARIOUS DISCHARGE CAPACITIES

Stamped Relief Valve Relief Valve

Discharge Setting 150 PSIG Setting 200 PSIG
Capacity C Standard Wall Iron Standard Wall Iron
#Air/ Min . Pipe Size in Inches Pipe Size in Inches
1 1 2 1 1 2
5 68 276 115 470
10 17 69 23 I 29 118 394
15 7 31 102 13 52 I75
20 4 17 58 226 7 29 98
25 3 11 37 145 5 19 63 248
30 2 8 26 100 2 18 3 13 44 172
40 4 14 57 122 2 7 25 97 210
50 3 9 36 78 274 5 16 62 134
60 2 6 25 54 190 3 11 43 93
70 5 18 40 140 2 8 32 68 238
80 4 14 31 I05 2 6 24 52 182
90 3 11 24 84 5 19 41 144
100 2 9 20 68 4 15 33 I 17
125 6 12 44 2 10 21 75
150 4 9 30 7 15 52
175 3 6 22 5 11 38
200 2 5 17 4 8 29

Stamped Relief Valve Relief Valve

Discharge Setting 250 PSlG Setting 300 PSIG
Capacity C Standard Wall Iron Standard Wall Iron
# Air /Min. Pipe Size in Inches Pipe Size in Inches
1 2 1 2
5 176 248
10 44 179 62 254
15 20 80 267 28 114
20 11 45 150 15 64 212
25 7 29 96 10 41 136
30 5 20 67 263 7 28 94
40 3 11 37 147 4 16 53 208
50 2 7 24 94 204 3 10 34 134
60 5 17 66 142 2 7 24 93 200
70 4 12 48 104 5 17 68 147
80 3 9 37 80 4 13 52 113
90 2 7 29 63 220 3 10 41 89
100 2 6 24 51 178 2 8 33 72 252
125 4 15 33 114 2 5 21 46 162
150 3 11 23 79 4 15 32 112
175 2 8 17 58 3 11 24 82
200 2 6 13 44 2 8 18 63

12
chemicals. The tank shall be substantially constructed of
not less than in. (3mm) or No. 1 I U.S. gage iron or steel.
N o horizontal dimension of the tank shall be greater than
one-half the height. The tank shall have hinged cover, or,
if of the enclosed type, shall have a vent hole at the top. All
pipe connections shall be through the top ofthe tank only.
The discharge pipe from the pressure-relief valves shall
discharge the ammonia in the center of the tank near the
bottom.
3.11.4.12 The size of the discharge pipe from the
pressure-relief device shall not be less than the size of the
pressure-relief device outlet. The discharge from more
then one relief device may be run into a common header,
the area of which shall be not less than the sum of the
areas of the pipe connected thereto.
3.11.4.13 The maximum length of thedischarge pip-
ing permitted to be installed on the outlet of a pressure-
relief device shall be determined as follows:
L= 16 [L 7x
Where C = minimum required discharge capacity in lbs.
air per minute [Kg air per min.]
d = internal diameter of pipe in inches [mm]
L = length of discharge pipe in feet [m]
rated pressure (PSIG) x 1.10 + 14.7 [rated pressure
(kPa gage) x 1.10 + 101]
See table 1 for Computations derived from thepreceding
formula.)
3.12 PIPING
For application of piping, refer to INSTALLATION
SECTION (Section 5).
3.13 TESTING
Every refrigerant-containing component shall be
tested and proved tight by the manufacturer a t not less
than the design pressure for which it is rated.
3.14 MATERIALS
3.14.1 GENERAL All materials used in the con-
struction of the equipment designated in Section 3 shall
be suitable for ammonia refrigerant at the coincident
temperature and pressure to which the component shall
be subjected. No materials shall be used that will
deteriorate because of the presence of ammonia
refrigerant or lubricating oil, or a combination of both, or
any normal contaminant such as air or water. Where ex-
ternal surfaces of the equipment are exposed t o corrosive
effects of air, water or other media, such exposed
materials must be suitable for the application.
3.14.2 Ferrous materials. Cast iron malleable iron,
13
nodular iron, steel, cast steel, and alloyed steel may be
used as governed by ANSI B31.5 1974 or Section VIII,
Division 1, 1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
as applicable.
Copper or zinc shall not be used with am-
monia.
Aluminum may be used in tubing, valves and
gaskets.
Lead may be used for packing, gaskets, and
joint compounds.
Tin and lead-tin alloys may be used but their
use is not recommended at temperatures
below (-10°C).
Non-metallic materials. Packings, glass,
plastics, and rubber may be used if they conform to Sec-
tion 3.14.1.
3.15 ULTIMATE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
Every pressure-containing component of a
refrigerating system other than pressure vessels, piping,
pressure gauges and control mechanisms, shall be listed
either individually or as part of refrigeration equipment
by an approved nationally recognized testing laboratory
or shall be designed, constructed and assembled to have
a n ultimate strength sufficient to withstand at least three
times the design pressure for which it is rated.
SECTION 4.
MACHINERY ROOM DESIGN
4.1 ROOM LAYOUT
4.1.1 All machinery shall be located in such a
manner as to provide at least minimum clearances for
maintenance operations as called for in the equipment
manufacturer's instruct ions.
4.1.2 All machinery shall be mounted in such a
manner as to prevent excessive vibration from being
transmitted to the building structure, or to connected
equipment.
4.1.3 All valves inaccessible from floor level shall be
operated only from safety approved portable platforms,
fixed platforms, ladders, or be chain operated. Isolating
valve(s) which stop flow of liquid and discharge gas to the
low side of plant, shall be operable from the floor, or a fix-
ed platform. (Occupational Safety and Health Ad-
ministration, Department of Labor, Federal Register,
May 29, 1971).
4.1.4 Machinery or piping which may cause conden-
sation or drips shall not be located over electrical
facilities.
4.2 OPEN FLAMES
4.2.1 No open flames or apparatus to produce an
open flame shall be installed in a machinery room where
ammonia is utilized as refrigerant unless the flame is
enclosed and vented to the outside air. (The use of
matches, cigarette lighters, leak detectors, welding equip-
ment and similar devices shall not be considered a viola-
tion of this paragraph except that no such uses shall be
permitted when ammonia or oil are being charged into or
discharged from the system.
43 VENTILATION
4.3.1 The systemshall provide sufficient hot weather
ventilation to limit the temperature rise to a maximum of
20” F (1 1.2”C) above outdoor ambient temperature tak-
ing into consideration internal heat gain from equipment.
4.3.2 The total required ventilationshall be based on
ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 15 (supersedes B9.1), 1978,or
as stated in 4.3.1 above, whichever is greater. One of the
following ventilation alternatives shall be followed:
The room shall be provided with a con-
4.3.2.1
tinuously operated, independent mechanical ventilation
system, and this room shall be considered a “Non-
Hazardous (Unclassified) Location” in accordance with
the National Electrical Code (see 6.23). Failure of the
mechanical ventilation system shall also initiate a super-
vised alarm so corrective action can be initiated.
4.3.2.2 The room shall be provided with an indepen-
d e n t machanical ventilation system actuated
automatically by a vapor detector(s) when the concentra-
tion of ammonia in the room exceeds 40,000 parts per
million, and also operable manually, and this room shall
be considered a “Non-Hazardous (Unclassified) Loca-
tion” in accordance with the National Electrical Code (see
6.23). The vapor detector(s)shallalso initiate a supervised
alarm so corrective action can be initiated. Periodic tests
of the detector(s)/alarm / mechanical ventilation system
shall be performed.
4.3.2.3 Where mechanical ventilation is not provid-
ed in accordance with 4.3.2.1 or 4.3.2.2, the room shallbe
considered a Class I, Division 2 location,and allelectrical
equipment in the room shall conform to the requirements
for a Class I, Division 2 location, of the latest edition of
the National Electrical Code (see 6.23).
4.3.3 The relative location of air inlets and discharge
shall be such as not to cause short circuiting.
4.3.4 Air discharge shall be directed to provide the
best dispersion taking into account natural air flow
around the building, prevailing wind and surrounding
structures.
4.3.5 If dispersion is impractical a water wash ofthe
exhaust airshouldbe used if it meets with local codes. The
water spray systemshouldemploy 10 GPM of water even-
ly distributed per 1000 CFM of exhausted air ( I
water per 750 m3/s air).
4.4 ARCHITECTURAL
4.4.1 All structural compenents in the machinery
room shall be constructed of non-combustible materials.
4.4.2 The building structure shall be designed to
provide adequate strength and rigidity to safely house and
support all compressors, accumulators, pumps and other
related equipment.
4.4.3 The compressor and other heavy equipment
foundations shall be designed in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and other parameters
dictated by subsoil or structural conditions and
vibrations.
4.4.4 The roof or ceiling structure shall be designed
to safely support the weight of all suspended piping, oil
traps, and other equipment.
4.4.5 Adequate hub drains shall be provided to
properly dispose of all waste water. The accumulation of,
or the running of waste water across the floorshallnot be
permitted.
4.4.6 Adequate floor drains shall be provided with
all floors pitched toward the drains. A slick floor surface
shall be avoided.
4.4.1 Ammonia compressor rooms shall be provid-
ed with a means of egress near each end of the room.
Doors shall swing outward and be provided with panic
type hardware.
4.4.8 A means should be provided to remove from
the building and to replace any heavy motors or equip-
ment.
4.5 LOCATION
4.5.1 A remote location, separated from production
o r office facilities is preferred.
4.5.2 Each refrigeration machinery room shall
comply with ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 15 (supersedes
B9.1), Section 7.4.1, 2, 3, and 4.
4.6 ELECTRICAL
4.6.1 Electrical equipment and wiring shall be in-
stalled in accordance with approved safety standards (see
6.23).
14
 4.6.2 In general, heavy-wall galvanized conduit 5.1.3.4 All fittings shall match pipe schedules.
should be used in compressor or machine rooms. Screwed fittings shall be forged or cast steel.

4.6.3 Compressor or machinery rooms should be
equipped with light fixtures to provide a minimum 30 foot
candles (322.8 lumen per m2) at the working level (36”
above floor or platform).
4.6.4 Condensers, receivers or other outside
refrigeration equipment shall be lighted to permit ade-
quate night time inspection.
4.7 INSULATION
4.7.1 Suction lines, accumulators, surge drums and
similar surfaces cold enough to condense moisture and
drip should be insulated.
5.1.3.5 Carbon steel pipe shall beType A-53, A-106,
or other types which meet the pressure-temperature re-
quirements.
5.1 .3.6 Cast iron pipe shall not be used in any por-
tion of the system and wrought iron pipe shallnot be used
for liquid lines.
5.2 PIPING JOINTS
5.2.1 GENERAL All joints shall be suitable for the
pressure-temperature and mechanical strength re-
quirements. The joints shall comply with ANSI Code
B31.5, 1974.

4.7.2Hot discharge lines below 7‘6“ (2.29m) high 5.2.2 COMPONENTS The assembly of the various
and near passageways or aislesshould be either covered to components, whether done in a shop or as a field erection,
reduce surface temperatures to tolerable limits or suitable shall be done so that the completely erectedpiping con-
guards should be placed around them. forms with all requirements of this standard.

4.8 PIPING 5.2.2.1 Each employer is responsible forthe welding

done by personnel of its organization, and shall conduct
For application of piping, refer to Section 5 - In- any tests required and maintain any necessary records of
stalation t io n. such tests.

5.3 PIPING HANGERS A N D SUPPORTS

SECTION 5. INSTALLATION 5.3.1 GENERAL The supports shall carry the

weight of the pipe including contents and insulation; if
5.1 MATERIAL SELECTION necessary provide sway bracing to minimize vibration.
(Pipe, valves, fittings, accessories) The piping code provides for certain minimum dimen-
sions for hangers to guard against mechanical damage,
5.1.1 GENERAL All material used in the system corrosion, etc. (Source ASRE 1953-1954 Design Data
shall be suitable for ammonia service, comply with the Book, Chapter 10).
ANSI Code B31.5, 1974, and meet system pressure-
temperature requirements. 5.3.2 COMPONENTS
5.3.2.1 Recommended maximum spacing of
5.1.2 COMPONENTS Components shall contain
hangers and minimum hanger rod size for steel pipe:
no copper, brass, mercury or alloys of these materials.
Nom. Pipe Max. Min. Rod
5.1.3
PIPE The following general selection shall be Size In. Span Ft. Diam. In.
used as a minimum for carbon steel pipe:
u p to 1” 7
5.1 .3.1 Liquid lines (regardless of pressure)
- 9
2“ 10
a) 1 and smaller - Schedule 80 3” 12
b) 2“ thru 6” - Schedule 40 13
c) 8” thru 12” - Schedule 20 4” 14
5“ 16
5.1.3.2 Vapor Lines (regardless of pressure) 6” 17
8” 19
a) 6” and smaller - Schedule 40 10” 22
b) 8” thru 12” - Schedule 20 12” 23
c) 14” and larger - Schedule 10
Source Chapter 33, Table 22, ASHRAE 1975 Guide &
5.1.3.3 All threaded pipe shall be Schedule 80. Data Book

15
 5.3.2.2 Hanger rod loading:
Maximum Recommended Loads in Pounds a t F:
Max.
Load 610 1130 1810 2710 3770 4960 6230 8000
Rod.
Dia. 2 3
Max.
Load 11630 15700 20700 27200 33500 41600 50600 60500
Based on Threaded Hot Rolled Steel Conforming to
ASTM A-IO7
5.4 PRESSURE-RELIEF PROTECTION
5.4.1 GENERAL Every refrigeration system shall
be protected by a pressure-relief device or some other
means designed to safely relieve pressure due t o fire or
other abnormal condition.
5.4.1.1 All systems shall be protected as per Section
3.1 1.
5.4.1.2 Relief devices may not discharge within 40’
(12.19m) of an outside intake or personnel exit.
5.4.1.3 All relief devices and reliefpiping shall meet
all requirements of Section 3 of this Standard. NO shut
off valve shall be installed in the reliefpiping between the
device and atmosphere.
5.4.1.4 A liquid pressure-relief device t o relieve
hydrostatic pressure to another part of the system should
be used on that portion of the liquid containing parts of
the system that can be isolated from the system during
operation or service; and which may be subjected to
dangerous pressures from hydrostatic expansion of the
contained liquid due to temperature rise.
5.5 FOUNDATIONS A N D EQUIPMENT
SUPPORTS
5.5.1 Supports and foundations shall be adequate to
prevent excessive vibration and movement of the equip-
ment.
5.5.2 Such supports shall conform to the manufac-
turer’s recommendations.
5.6 SYSTEM TESTING
5.6.1 GENERAL This testing program for am-
monia refrigeration systems is designed t o assure a tight
system which will operate without any appreciable loss of
refrigerant, a system that will be reliable with respect to
the electric components and a system that will function as
per the design with respect to controls and capacities.
5.6.2 FIELD TESTS Upon the complete installa-
tion of an ammonia system, the system shall be tested for
leaks. The high side shall be tested at 250 psi gage (17.57
kg/cm* gage) (1 724.0 kPa gage) for water cooled systems,
300 psigage (21.09 kg/cm2gage)(1034.0 kPa gage) forair
cooled systems and the low side shall be tested at I50 psi
gage (10.54 gage) (1034.0 kPa gage). Prior to
testing, all refrigeration compressors, liquid pumps and
pressure switches shall be valved off and isolated from
any test pressures. Safety relief valves shall be removed
and openings capped or plugged. All solenoid. pressure
regulating, check or other control valves shall be opened
by means of their manual lifting stems. All other valves
shall be opened except those leading to the atmosphere.
DO not use the systems ammonia compressor for pressure
test.
5.6.3 TEST M E D I U M A N D PRESSURE
TESTING Oxygen or any combustible gas or combusti-
ble mixture of gasses shall not be used within the system
for testing. Carbon dioxide or halocarbon refrigerants
shall not be used as a testing gas in an ammonia system.
Dry nitrogen or air shall be used to raise the pressure in
the ammonia system to the proper level of the test. The
gas shall be put in the system through the charging valve
or any other suitable opening using the necessary
regulations and relief devices. All visible leaks shall be
repaired and defective material shall be replaced. After
this system is thoroughly tested, open all valves on the
lowest part of the system. The valves shall be opened
wide, quickly,to get theadvantageofair velocity tosweep
along particles of grit and scale and purge them out ofthe
system along with the air.
5.6.4 LEAK TESTING Upon completion of the
pressure testing and evacuation to minimum 10” (25.40
cm) mercury vacuum, sufficient ammonia shall be in-
troduced into the system and the system subjected t o 100
psi gage (7.03 gage) (689.5 kPa gage) ammonia
pressure. During this period, the system shallbe carefully
inspected for leaks using sulphur tapers. Approved am-
monia gas masks shall be available during this test in case
of a n emergency. If any leaks are found, they shall be
repaired and rechecked before the system can be con-
sidered tight again. No repairs shall be made t o welded
joints while the system is under pressure.
5.7 AMMONIA HANDLING A N D STORAGE
(for refrigeration systems)
5.7.1 GENERAL Three methods of anhydrous am-
monia delivery and shipment are in common use: small
portable cylinders, tank truck shipments, and railroad
tank cars.
16
 The construction and inspection of cylinders, truck
tanks and railroad tank cars for compressed gas are
covered by various codes and regulations. The applicable
codes are:
a) Section VIII, Division 1, 1977 ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code.
b) U.S. Department of Transportation or
“DOT” Design Regulations.
The refrigeration system should be equipped with
valved charging lines so that anhydrous ammonia can be
fed into either the liquid receiver, liquid line or low side
receiver line or receiver.
5.7.2 UNLOADING LINES Unloading lines shall
be suitable for ammonia service and capable of with-
standing 350 psi gage (24.6 gage) (2413.0 kPa
gage) working pressure. Where steel pipe is used it shall
conform with “Liquid Line” Requirements (Section
5.1.3.1).
5.7.3 STORAGE TANKS The maximum storage
tank design capacity is 50,000 gallons of
anhydrous ammonia when held at atmospheric
temperatures. Tanks shall meet Section VIII, Division 1,
1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code construc-
tion and be designed for 250 psi gage (17.57
(1724.0 kPa gage) working pressure minimum.
A storage tank capacity for anhydrous ammonia
should be limited to 56% of water weight capacity at 60” F
Gauge glasses should be equipped with excess
flow valves to stop the flow of ammonia if breakage oc-
curs. Meters with mercury as the manometer liquid must
not be used.
5.7.4 PROCEDURES Never use heat directly
applied to cylinder. Do Not leave empty cylinders under
vacuum, or connected to system. Both cylinder and
charging hose shall be removed immediately upon emp-
tying the cylinder. The unloading of either tank truck or
railroad car is accomplished by creating a pressure
differential between the storage tank and the portable
vessel or a direct transfer by suitable liquid ammonia
pump. Flexible connections of upprovedammonia design
a t 350 psi gage (24.6 gage) (2413.0 kPa gage)
working pressure rating shall be used between the por-
table vessel and unloading rack. Cars shall be blocked
before connections are made and proper warning signs
put in place on railroad siding. The unloading operation
shall be under continuous supervision.
Approved safety masks shall be located in the im-
mediate vicinity of the unloading or charging operation.
17
SECTION 6.
TITLES AND SOURCES
OF REFERENCE STANDARDS
The following listing clearly identifies published
standards to which reference is made in this Standard.
6.1 See Section 1.2.2
U.S. Dept. of Transportation and U.S. Coast
Guard
6.2 See Section 1.4.2
Federal Specification OA445a, Ammonia,
Technical
6.3 See Section 3.1.2(c)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Department of Labor, Federal Register, May 29,
197 1 General Requirement for Machines, Section
1910.212 and Mechanical Power Transmission
Apparatus, 1910.219.
6.4 See Section 3.3.2(c)
American National Standard/ American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning
Engineers, Inc. Standard I5 (supersedes B9. 1),
1978, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration,
Section 10.5.
6.5 See Section 3.4.2(c)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Department of Labor, Federal Register, May 29,
1971 General Requirement for Machines, Section
1910.212 and Mechanical Power Transmission
Apparatus 19 10.219.
6.6 See Section 3.6.2(c)
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels.
6.7 See Section 3.6.3(f)
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels.
6.8 See Section 3.7.2.1(b)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Department of Labor, Federal Register, May 29,
1971 General Requirement for Machines, Section
1910.212 and Mechanical Power Transmission
Apparatus 19 10.219.
6 .9 See Section 3.7.3.1.2(h)
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels.
6.10 See Section 3.7.3.2.1(a)
American National Standard B31.5-1974, Code
for Pressure Piping: Refrigerant Piping (OR) Sec-
tion VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels.
6.11 See Section 3.7.3.2.2(h) 6.21 See Section 4.3.2
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and American National Standard/ American Society
Pressure Vessel Code. Pressure Vessels. of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning
Engineers, Inc. Standard 15 (supersedes B9.1),
See Section 3.8.2(c) 1978 Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration,
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Sections 7.4.1.1, 7.4.1.2, 7.1.4.3, 11.13 and Table
Department of Labor, Federal Register, May 29, 7.
1971 General Requirement for Machines, Section
1910.212 and Mechanical Power Transmission 6.22 See Section 4.5.2
Apparatus, 1910.219 American National Standard/ American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning
6.13 See Section 3.9.2.3
Engineers, Inc. Standard 15 (supersedes B9. 1),
American National Standard B3 1 .5-1974, Code
1978, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration,
for Pressure Piping: Refrigerant Piping Par. 523.
Section 7.4.1.
6.14 See Section 3.1 1.1.2
American National Standard/ American Society 6.23 See Section 4.6.1
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning National Fire Protection Association 70-1978
Engineers, Inc. Standard 15 (supersedes B9.1), National Electric Code.
1978, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration,
Section 10. 6.24 See Section 5.1.1
American National Standard B31.5-1974, Code
6.15 See Section 3.11.2.2 for Pressure Piping: Refrigerant Piping.
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels. 6.25 See Section 5.2.1
American National Standard B3 1.5-1974, Code
6.16 See Section 3.11.3.1 for Pressure Piping: Refrigerant Piping.
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels. 6.26 See Section 5.3.1
ASRE 1953-1954 Design Data Book, Chapter 10.
6.17 See Section 3.11.3.2
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and 6.27 See Section 5.3.2.1
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels. ASHRAE, 1975 Guide and Data Book, Chapter
6.18 See Section 3.11.4.1 33.
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
6.28 See Section 5.7.1(a)
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels.
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977 ASME Boiler and
6.19 See Section 3.11.4.7 Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels.
Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels. 6.29 See Section 5.7.1(b)
U.S. Department of Transportation or "DOT"
6.20 See Section 3.14.2 Design Regulations.
American National Standard B31.5-1974, Code
for Pressure Piping: Refrigerant Piping (OR) Sec- 6.30 See Section 5.7.3
tion VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and Section VIII, Division 1, 1977, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessels. Pressure Code, Pressure Vessels.

18
 REFERENCE SOURCES
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
1430 Broadway
New York, New York 10016
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc.
(ASH RAE)
United Engineering Center
345 East 47th Street
New York, New York 10017
3. American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME)
United Engineering Center
345 East 47th Street
New York, New York 10017
4. American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM)
1916 Race Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
5. U.S. Department of Transportation
Material Transportation Bureau
Office of the Secretary
2100 Second Avenue S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20590
6. National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
60 Batterymarch Street
Boston, Massachusetts 021 10
Occupational Safety and Health Association
OSHA
Danac Building
5600 Fishers Lane, Rm 3-50
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20401

19