Public Disclosure Authorized

DROUGHTS AND AGRICULTURE

IN LEBANON
CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized

DORTE VERNER, MAXIMILLIAN ASHWILL, JENS CHRISTENSEN,

RACHAEL MCDONNELL, JOHN REDWOOD, IHAB JOMAA, MAURICE SAADE,
RANDA MASSAD, ALI CHEHADE, AHMAD BITAR, and DAVID TREGUER
This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group with external contributions. The findings,
interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the
World Bank Group, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World
Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The colors, boundaries,
denominations, and other information shown on any map in this report do not imply any judgment on
the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or
acceptance of such boundaries.
 ABBREVIATIONS

Exchange Rate
1 US Dollar = 1511 Lebanese Pounds (Lira)

AEZ Agro-Ecological Zones

AHZ Agriculture Homogeneous Zoning
ALADIN Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational
AR5 Fifth Assessment Report
AWS Automated Weather Station
AWSN Automated Weather Station Network
C Celsius
CCLM Climate Community Limited-area Modelling
CDAS Climate Data Assimilation System
CERFACS European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation
CHIRPS Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation
cm centimeters
CMIP3 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3
CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5
CNRM National Centre for Meteorological Research
CORDEX-Europe European Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
CRU Climate Research Unit
DJF December, January, February
DRM Disaster Risk Management
dS/m deciSiemens per meter
E-OBS the E-OBS gridded dataset
EC-EARTH European Centre Earth Modelling System
ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation
EU European Union
EWS Early Warning System
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations