1

2
‫المبادرة االقتصادية‬

‫‪3‬‬
4
‫المبادرة االقتصادية‬

‫‪5‬‬
6
 1

014 4102
7
8
‫هل هذا اموكج هو اممناسب‬
‫مطرح مثل هكذا متادرة؟‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪Banana Republic‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
11
11
 ‫مقذمة‬

‫‪12‬‬
13
14
15
 ‫امفصل األول‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪4101‬‬

‫‪16‬‬


24 20 0773

042 4112

!

2
See:
- Aspect, A., J. Dalibard, and G. Roger, Experimental test of Bell's
inequalities using time-varying analyzers. Physical review letters, 1982.
49(25): p. 1804;
- Aspect, A., P. Grangier, and G. Roger, Experimental realization of
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: a new violation of
Bell's inequalities. Physical review letters, 1982. 49(2): p. 91.
17
 *
0734

1
073

18
 1

01 4117

19
 


0571 0541 Adam Smith

21
 1
26 25

21
 1
10
0775
*
0660 0573 Thomas Carlyle
2

104 4114

22
 1
147
2

23
4103 4102
15

12
1
014
2
.011
3
26

24
25
 ‫امفصل امثاني‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫!‬

‫‪26‬‬
1
Parodi Carlos, Perú 1960-2000: Políticas económicas y sociales en entornos
cambiantes. Universidad del Pacífico, lima, 2000. pp. 204-206.

27
 

4107 14 40

0720 Hernando de Soto

Institute
for Liberty and Democracy
28


10

29
31
31
 

17 14

32
 1
41 06
2
Mario Vargas Llosa, In Defense of the Black Market (FEB. 22, 1987), website :
The New York Times Magazine. Visited 25/06/2019.
https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/22/magazine/in-defense-of-the-black-
market.html

33
 1
11

34
35
1
Medina, L., & Schneider, F., Shadow economies around the world: what did we
learn over the last 20 years IMF Working Paper, WP/18/17, January 2018. p. 69.

36
1
Pew research center's forum on religion & public life, The global religious
landscape: A report on the size and distribution of the world's major religious groups
as of 2010. Pew Research Center, 2012. p. 22.
2

42 4114 41 47 12 12
37


38
39
 -
-

1
See:
- Center for International Private Enterprise, Democratic Governance and
Economic Growth Impact in Peru, Center for International Private
Enterprise, Retrieved 24, 03, 2017.
https://www.cipe.org/legacy/publication-docs/ILD_0208.pdf

https://www.cipe- 4107 15 42
arabia.org/files/pdf/Informal_Sector/Peru_Venzuela.pdf
41
 -
-

41
 1

40 41
2
4107
4107 15 13 DOING BUSINESS
3
4107
4107 15 13 DOING BUSINESS
42
 1
4102
43 4101
2

17 4103
3
17

43
 1
01 17
2
World Bank, Doing Business 2017: Equal Opportunity for All Washington, DC:
World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0948-4. License: Creative Commons
Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. 2017.

44
45
1
Heritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.) and Wall Street Journal (Firm), The
Index of Economic Freedom 2019. Washington, D.C.: Heritage Foundation, 4107.
P. 80-81.

46
47
 ‫الفصل الثالث‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪48‬‬
 1
4107
4107 15 13 DOING BUSINESS
2
4107
4107 15 13 DOING BUSINESS

49
 1

14

4107 4106
2
063 061

51
 1
4113 46
4107 15 11

51
 

43 14
4114 01 00
00 01 17
17
- Nacereddine Kazi tani, Panorama des ressources naturelles géologiques de
l’Algérie, Le journal al watan, 15/07/2018. https://www.elwatan.com

52
1
Pew research center's forum on religion & public life, The global religious
landscape: A report on the size and distribution of the world's major religious groups
as of 2010. Pew Research Center, 2012. p. 22.
2
060 057

53
 1
412
4103 14 11
4107 16 10
2
0
41 4102

54
 1
11 14
14 07 11 4114 15 04 24 4114 15 03

55
 1
061 060

56
 

4114 11
- Karaca, C., The comparison of the shadow economy in Turkey and
European countries, in Comparative Economics and Regional Development
in Turkey, IGI Global, 2016. p. 73-105. p. 76.
- Schneider, F., The shadow economy and shadow labor force: a survey of
recent developments, IZA Discussion Paper No. 8278, 2014 p. 07.
- Tanzi, V., The shadow economy, its causes and its consequences. Edited
Lecture. Brazilian Institute of Ethics, 2002. p. 05-06.

57
58
 1

4105 4111 Ardl

4107 214 206 10 01

13 4102 0761 Ardl Bound Testing

4107 003 72 10
2
074 063

59
61
 

- Rothenberg, A.D., et al., Rethinking Indonesia’s informal sector. World

Development, 2016. 80: p. 96-113.
- Tanzi, V., The shadow economy, its causes and its consequences. Edited
Lecture. Brazilian Institute of Ethics, 2002.

61


1
J'en ai marre de cette misère

Transparency International, What is corruption?, website : Transparency

International, Visited 21/07/2019 https://www.transparency.org/what-is-
corruption#define

62
 1
411 410

63
 1

-
4104
31 25
- Tanzi, V., Op. Cit. p. 05-06.
- Williams, C.C. and F. Schneider, The shadow economy. Institute of
Economic Affairs, London, 2013. p. 34-35.
2
17
3
411 410

64
 1
412 411
2

4106 14 03 -
https://www.elbilad.net/article/detail?id=79762 4107 16 10

65
 4106 10 41 ! -
https://www.elbilad.net/flash/detail?id=48410 4107 16 10
1
See:
- OECD Statistics, Table I.6. All-in average personal income tax rates at
average wage by family type, website : OECD.Stat ; Overview, Visited
29/07/2019. https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLE_I6
- Investopedia, Countries With the Highest Single and Family Income Tax
Rates, website : Investopedia ; Overview, Visited 29/07/2019.
https://www.investopedia.com/taxes/countries-highest-income-
taxes/#highest-income-tax-for-the-married

-
16 4114 11
- Enste, D. The shadow economy in industrial countries. IZA World of Labor
2018: 127 doi: 10.15185/izawol.127.v2 https://wol.iza.org/articles/shadow-
economy-in-industrial-countries/long

66
1
Williams, C.C. and F. Schneider, Op. Cit. p. 39.
2
414 413

67
68
1
Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2018, website :
Transparency International ; Overview, Visited 06/07/2019.
69
 ‫الفصل الرابع‪:‬‬

‫‪71‬‬
1
la Banque d'Algérie, Cours des principales monnaies sur le marche interbancaires
des changes d’alger, site Web: la Banque d'Algérie ; Aperçu, visité le 07/07/2019.
https://www.bank-of-algeria.dz/html/marcheint2.htm

2
10 17 4117
03 43 12 22 4117 44

71
72
 ‫‪1‬‬
‫األماوت انوطىٍت‪ ،‬بٍان أول ووفمبش ‪ ،1954‬انموقع اإلنكخشووً نوصاسة االحصال‪ ،‬حاسٌخ آخش صٌاسة‬
‫‪.2119/18/12‬‬

‫‪73‬‬
1
Secretaria Nacional de Renda de Cidadania (Senarc), Ministério do
Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS) Bolsa Família. (09/07/2019)
Available from:
https://aplicacoes.mds.gov.br/sagi/cecad20/painel/menu_painel_senarc/visaogeralpb
f.php?chv=0.2144328059027063&mu_ibge=&p_ibge=
2

4107 16 10
http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01418/WEB/IMAGES/MENA_S -
9.PDF

- Fiszbein A, Schady NR, Ferreira FH. Conditional Cash Transfers Reducing

Present and Future Poverty. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2009.

74
 1

4107 15 17
https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/news/feature/2007/08/22/bolsa-familia-
changing-the-lives-of-millions-in-brazil
- Shei A, Costa F, Reis MG, Ko AI. The impact of Brazil's Bolsa Família
conditional cash transfer program on children's health care utilization and
health outcomes. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2014;14:10. Published 2014
Apr 1. doi:10.1186/1472-698X-14-10.
- Coelho, Pedro Lima, and Andrea Sales Soares de Azevedo Melo. "The
impact of the “Bolsa Família” Program on household diet quality,
Pernambuco State, Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 22.2 (2017): 393-
402.
2

4107 16 10

3
Secretaria Nacional de Renda de Cidadania (Senarc), Ministério do
Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS) Bolsa Família. (15/07/2019)
Available from: https://aplicacoes.mds.gov.br/sagi/vis/dash/painel.php?d=137

75
 

1
International Monetary Fund. Algeria : Selected Issues. Country Report No.
16/128 p 47.
2

11
016 016 10
- International Monetary Fund. Op. Cit.
3

https://blog-montada.imf.org/?p=4456 4107 16 10

76
 

4106
https://www.elkhabar.com 4107 16 10 4105 01 14
ALGERIE MONDE INFOS
4107 16 10 4106 14 00
https://www.algeriemondeinfos.com/ar/
2
International Monetary Fund. Op. Cit. p 41.
3
42
4107 16 10 4104 10 14
https://www.france24.com/ar/

77
 

1
04
4107 16 10 4103 14 05

78
 

1
145 144


2
ALGERIE MONDE INFOS
4107 16 10 4106 14 00
https://www.algeriemondeinfos.com/ar/

79
1
International Monetary Fund. Op. Cit. p. 32.

81
 

1
Ibid., p.32.

81
 ‫‪1‬‬
‫أبً عٍسى مسمذ به عٍسى به سوسة‪ ،‬اندامع انصسٍر وهو سىه انخشمزي‪ ،‬حسقٍق وحخشٌح وحعهٍق‪ :‬مسمذ‬
‫فؤاد عبذ انباقً‪،‬‬
‫انسذٌث سقم ‪ ،1314‬اندضء انثانث‪ ،‬داس انكخب انعهمٍت‪ ،‬بٍشوث‪ ،‬نبىان‪ ،‬ص ص ‪.616-615‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4107 15 11‬‬
‫‪https://dorar.net/hadith/sharh/72268‬‬

‫‪82‬‬
 *
0724 William Jefferson Clinton

83
 1
146

84
85
1
Jie, S.W., et al., Underground economy: definition and causes. Business and
Management Review, 2011. 1(2): p. 14-24. p. 18.

86
1
See:
- Williams, C.C. and F. Schneider, Op. Cit. p 42-43;
- Alm, J. and B. Torgler, Culture differences and tax morale in the United
States and in Europe. Journal of economic psychology, 2006. 27(2): p. 224-
246. p. 224;
- Williams, C.C. and I.A. Horodnic, Tackling the undeclared economy in the
European Union: an evaluation of the tax morale approach. Industrial
Relations Journal, 2016. 47(4): p. 322-340. p. 322;
- Bitzenis, A., V. Vlachos, and F. Schneider, An exploration of the Greek
shadow economy: can its transfer into the official economy provide
economic relief amid the crisis? Journal of Economic Issues, 2016. 50(1):
p. 165-196. p. 173-174.
2
417 415

87
 1
401 417
88
 ‫‪1‬‬
‫أوظش‪ :‬عبذ انغاوً قخانً‪ ،‬عوامم واوعكاساث ظاهشة انىضوذ انشٌفً فً اندضائش‪ :‬دساست مٍذاوٍت دائشة‬
‫شششاس والٌت خىشهت‪ ،‬سسانت ماخٍسخٍش غٍش مىشوسة‪ ،‬خامعت انساج نخضش ‪-‬باحىت‪ ،‬اندضائش‪.2111-2119 ،‬‬

‫‪89‬‬
1
Williams, C.C. and M.S. Shahid, Op. Cit., p. 08.

91
 1
404 400

91
 ‫تاما‬
‫ِخ ً‬

‫‪92‬‬
 

.‫ بول آ‬:‫ انىاحح انمسهً اإلخمانً هو قٍمت خمٍع انسهع وانخذماث انخً اوخدج فً بهذ ما خال سىت معٍىت (أوظش‬
ً‫ وزسب انبىك انذونً فئن انىاحح انمسهً اإلخمان‬،)777 ‫ ص‬،‫ مشخع سبق ركشي‬،‫ وآخشون‬،‫ساموٌهسون‬
‫ موقع اإلنكخشووً نمدموعت انبىك‬:‫ (أوظش‬2118 ‫ مهٍاس دوالس نسىت‬181069 ‫بانقٍمت انسانٍت نهذوالس قذس بىسو‬
.)ً‫ إخمانً انىاحح انمسهً (انقٍمت انسانٍت بانذوالس األمشٌك‬،ً‫انذون‬
1
Securities and exchange commission, Annual report pursuant to section 13 or
15(d) of the securities exchange act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended september 29,
2018 : Apple Inc. Commission File Number: 001-36743, Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K. p. 38.
2
Macrotrends LLC, Apple Gross Profit 2006-2019 | AAPL , website : Macrotrends,
Visited 10/0/2019. macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/AAPL/apple/gross-profit
3
Sonatrach, Rapport annuel 2017. p. 11. site Web: Sonatrach; Aperçu, visité le
02/08/2019. https://sonatrach.com/rapports

93
 1

94
 

!
4107 15 11 4106 10 41

4105 16 13
4107 15 11
4107 15 11
43 
4105 04

4106 10 11


‫حىض‬

95
1
International Monetary Fund. Algeria : Selected Issues. Country Report No.
16/128

96
97
1
International Monetary Fund. Op. Cit p 30-31.

98
 1
05 04

99
‫قائمة الرماجع والمصادر‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪111‬‬
 

111
 

112
 

113
 

114
 

115


116


117


118


119


111
111
 :‫المالحق‬

1
01
2

14
3
Conseil National Economique et Social, Rapport Le Secteur Informel Illusions et
Réalités. Alger, 2004. p. 106-108

112
1
Babou, O., & Adair, P., L’economie Informelle A Tizi-Ouzou (Algerie):
Determinants, Segmentation Et Mobilite. XXXIémes Journées du Développement
ATM 2015, 3,4,5 et 6 juin 2015 à Rouen. France, 2015. Récupéré sur
http://www.ummto.dz/IMG/pdf/Babou.pdf
2

14 12 17 4105 00

113
114
115
116
117
 ‫الفهرس‬
‫هل هذا اموكج هو اممناسب مطرح مثل هكذا متادرة؟‬

‫ملدمث‬

‫امفصل األول‪:‬‬

‫‪16 .........................................................‬‬
‫‪19 ...................................................................‬‬
‫‪21 ...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪22 ................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪22 ......................................................................‬‬

‫امفصل امثاني‪:‬‬

‫‪26 .......................................................‬‬
‫‪29 .........................................................................‬‬
‫‪31 ...............................................‬‬
‫‪31 ..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪32 ............................................................................‬‬
‫‪34 ...................................................‬‬
‫‪36 .................................................................................‬‬
‫‪41 ...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪41 .................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪44 ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪48 .......................................................................‬‬
‫‪48 ......................................................................................‬‬

‫‪118‬‬
‫‪51 .............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪53 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪55 ...................................................................................‬‬
‫‪57 ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪62 ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪63 ....................................................................‬‬
‫‪65 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪68 .........................................................‬‬

‫‪71 ..................................................‬‬ ‫امفصل امراةع‪:‬‬

‫‪71 ................................................................‬‬
‫‪71 .............................................................................‬‬
‫‪72 ........................................................‬‬
‫‪74 .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪82 .......................................................................‬‬
‫‪83 ...................................................................................‬‬
‫‪84 .........................................................................‬‬
‫‪86 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪88 ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪89 .................................................................................‬‬
‫‪91 ........................................................................................................‬‬

‫تاما‪:‬‬
‫ِخ ً‬

‫كائمث امرماجع واممصادر ‪111 .......................................................................‬‬

‫اممالحق ‪112 ..................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪119‬‬
121