EE101

Transients: RL and RC Circuits

Step and Natural Respones

By:
Prof. Himanshu J. Bahirat
Dept. of Electrical Engg.
 Contents
● Natural Respone
– R-L Circuits
– R-C Circuits
– R-L-C Circuits
● Step Respone
– R-L Circuits
– R-C Circuits
– R-L-C Circuits
● Sequential Switching
● Initial Conditions
● Steady State Behavior
 What are we considering?
● Circuits with
– Source and Resistor
– With inductor or capacitor (not both: This will be considered
later)
– First-Order Circuits
● What to determine:
– Currents and Voltages
– Power and Energy
– When: There are abrupt changes in the circuit conditions i.e.
voltage or current are suddenly applied or removed.
 Examples
Example:
 Natural Response: R-L Circuit
● Calculate Current in the circuit after the switch
is closed.

di R
−( ) t
L + Ri=0 v =iR=I 0 R e L
dt
R R
di −R −( )t 2 2
−(2
L
)t
= dt i=I 0 e L
p=i R=I R e
i L 0
i t
di −R dt R
∫ i ∫ L )
( )= ( 1 2 −(2 )t
I 0 E=∫ i R dt= L I 0 (1−e
2 L
)
2
0
 Natural Response: R-L Circuit
● How does it look like?
R
−( )t
L
i=I 0 e

L
τ= =time constant
R

Long time = steady state

Initial momentary condition = transient condition
 Example
● Switch was closed for a long time and is
opened at t=0.
● Calculate
– i l for t≥0
+¿
– i 0 for t ≥0
+¿
– v 0 for t≥0

– Power Dissipated in 10 ohm resistor.

 Step Response: R-L Circuit
● Calculate Current in the circuit after the switch
is closed. i t
di −R dt
∫ V ∫ L )
( )= (
I0
(i− s ) 0
R

Vs V s −( RL )t
i= +( I 0− )e
R R
di
L + Ri=V s
dt
R
di −R −(
L
)t

Vs
=
L
dt v =(V s −I o R) e
i−
R
 Step Response: R-L Circuit
Vs V s −( RL )t
● How does it look like? i= +(I 0− )e
R R

R
−( )t
L
v =(V s −I o R)e
L
τ= =time constant
R

Long time = steady state

Initial momentary condition = transient condition
 Example
● Switch was closed in position (a) for a long time
and is connected to (b) at t=0.
● Calculate
– i l for t≥0
– Voltage across inductor right after switch is moved
to position (b)
– Time for voltage to reach 24 V
 Example
● Switch was closed in position (a) for a long time
and is connected to (b) at t=0.
● Calculate
– i l for t≥0
– Voltage across inductor right after switch is moved
to position (b)
– Time for voltage to reach 24 V