a Recension hindi 2.7 Evaluating Definite Integrals Sn A. Without Change of Variable sce/\fet leaming how to evaluate indefinite integrals, evaluation of dofinity integrals becomes very easy. Al we have to do is to drop the constant C of thy indefinite integral and affix the symbol for evaluation, [° where @ and 6 an the lower and upper limits of integration respectively. Illustrative Examples : Example 1: Findthe value of {'(bx* +3x"” -7}x, Solution 1: (Step by step solution) [Get +32 —7)ae = [setae + faxtar — [7dr A j =5'xtde +3["sax— 7 for CL = +3) -7x Fy (S)[CF)[- wat [eae [fr |f | = ley - 0") bay? - 26" be)7 = 1023 +14-21 = 1016 Scanned with CamScannerSolution 2 : (Shorter solution) LG +32"? _ 7) -(E-2-n) [ Fe = +2918) = (1024+16-28)-(1+2-7) =1016 [Get +30" —7)% = 1016 Example 2: Evaluatethe integral [sin xdx . Solution : ‘ fa : fP'sinade = (-c0sx) [f* by Ie = (-cos)- (oso) 4 Scanned with CamScanner“ Integration tp General Formula and Simple Techniques Example 3: Findthovahwoof ['27dy- Solution: F [ by digp ee [7% wa, ee “tnd in? =822 ~ In2 ie Oe ‘ in? 6 zi > = Ob 2 fee a3 dy Examole 4: Evaluate [os Solution : 1 ay te mG 1 11 = dretand—| pre tan? 2 272 ‘Arc tan. re 0 _ bi Scanned with CamScanneruate the following definite integrals : ) fle 44x? 6d Anz, 85 Fy*-4y** +i} [Get 422° -5)ae : Ans, 112 [ee+1fe-6fae Scanned with CamScannerrt te te cvatutng Dei rece B. Using Change of Variable 4 = There are two ways of solving definite integrals which uso integration by substitution or change of variable. The two ways are classified as follows = Method I- Method using only literal constants as now limits of integration. In this method we have to substitute back the original variable. Method II - Method using computed new limits of integration. In this method, there is no need to substitute back the original variable. Iustrative Examples: 1) Evaluate the integral f@x-1) ae. Solution by Method I; 1 [@x-ie tee. =2x—Ijdu = Ade oF > du =e > u a1 =20r-1' [ _fomr}en Scanned with CamScanner£8 _ The General Formilee and General Techniques of Integration ORO) =26'-1")=10 Note : a and b are only literal Constants indicating that we also changed limits by ‘We did not compute for the actual Values of the limits, Solution by Method I: f@x-ipa let w= 2x tau = 2d of ede = a When 2=2, u=2(2) —1 or y=3 when x=1, 4=2(1) -1 of w=] * F@e-t) ae =fu Se =5 fea Scanned with CamScanner5 Evaluating Definite Integral 69 -6-0) =10 Example 2: [Feos? ysin yay / By Method I; [Fieos* ysin yay lt w=cosy , du=—sinydy ~du =sin ydy 1. [Rloos? ysin ydy = f'u*(Cdu) af 4 Scanned with CamScanner-10_Tve ctor Ferns en single Tse SED By Method I; . cosy’, dee [Freos? ysin yay t= 008 are SN dy = sin ya, 2B cieggt when yEy u 553 BE oy eoe® when yo eS et cs [fieos* ysin yay = fe cau) ut ° od v2 a iatice 4 4 wl 4 PROBLEM SET 2.7b Evaluate the following definite integrals: D [amma ane 6 Deve Hide Scanned with CamScanner