DOCUMENTS Litigation Dec2018 F-2019-01945 DOC 0C06686587 C06686587

UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No.
C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY ifd •( )- V , 7

WASHINGTON
RELEASE IN FULL
DECLASSIFIED
SMART MOM
Counterinsurgency Programs and Plans
INTRODUCTION:
The Agency's baaic program presents and interprets U.S.

policy and programs to fOreign audiences, makes people aware
of the dangers of Communism and the threat it woes to their
aspirations, explains and aupports modernization, and thus'con-
tributes generally an& nnecifically to countering insurgent:7-
We have miasions in all tbe developing countries.

33 of them ve also have a,total of 83 branch posts outside the
capital cities.
SPECIFIC ACTIONS - January 20, 1961 to date
Twomito
US/A has instituted a tvo-veek training coarse on
Current PrOblema in Developing Areaa. TVo hundred offi-
cers have completed the eourse. Eleven Agency officers
completed the first FBI Interagency Course and tvo are-
assigned to the special CIA course. Three officera as'
students and one aa staff are participating in a special
course at the National War College.
The Country Pelle Affairs Officer in Wiet*Nam vas-

reassigned to Washington to organize and direct Counter-
insurgency training activities of the Agency. He also
serves aa Staff Advisor to the DireCtor of the FBI IntCr-
agency course. The ,Agency has provided staff lecturers
and basie materials to various military training schools.
-COMPESINEEkb C.
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: NS92
Page I of64
UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
• 2"
The Agency readjusted ita research and reference

services to meet the requirements of counterinsurgency
training courses and program operations.
ORGAZkEZATION
The Office of the Agency's Depnty Director (Policy'

and Plans) is the focal point within the Agency for'USIA's
overseas internal defense activities, including policy
and progrmo guidance and the coordination vithin the Agency
and with other departments and agencies. A senior officer
has been designated as dixectly responsible. Overseas, the
Country Mlle Affairs Officer vill participate in the
preparation of Internal Defense Country Plans an& execute
the USIA.portion of the program under the general direction
of the Ambaesador.
PROGRAM CIVRATIONS
Country Pdblic Affairs Officers led end coordinated

joint psychological actions in critical countries. In
Viet-Nam, for example, the PUhlie Affairs Officer chaired
a Countr; Team Committee on Psychological Operations which
directed euch joint projects as the SocTrang radio station •
(with AID hap), aupport for Operation Sunrise (vithMAAG),
and a civic-action propaganda exercise in the Montagnard .
sector (with CIA kouviluxt and MAAS air-lift).
The Agency has provided support to the psychological

operations of other governmento. In all cases support and
assistance vere requested by the foreign government. In
Viet-Nem ve produce& and financed &weekly newsreel attri-
buted to and distributed by the Vietnspese Information Depart.
meat. We are assigning a MIS Vietnamese employee; to thirty=
nine Information Offices of the Vietnamese Government' in the
provinces. We are providing a speechwriter for President
Diem. In Laos ve helped the Government organize and ve
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 2 of 64
— UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
.3.
participated im a mobile civic action program (Mnong prOgram) •

to aid in identifying the local population, particularly . -
in mote areas, vith the netional government.- The program
includes information, public•health, and coimunitydevelop-
meat activities. ' •
, In Thailand, ve assigned USIA Information °Mem to

Thai Govermment Mile Information Teame, vhich reach remote
areaa of the country, to promote a favor;ble image of-the
government, to Support civic action projects, ami to assess
the attitudes and prablems of the local peopie. The teams
include representatives of the Thal Information, Interior,
end Realth'Departments. AID endlikAG also cooperated. '
In Viet-Nem, Laos,. Guatemala, Ciprus and Iran ve

trained or assisted in the training of radio engineeri
and radio'program personnel to assist those goveranents in
lapwing their capability to communicate vith their people.. .
In many cases program materials have been- made available
for these radio outlete. Similar assistance bas'been given' •
to foreign government TV stations.
In Agrica, ve elso aesisted sandbar of governdents

in strengthening their mass commanications media. /Ur eF,-
ample, ve provided assistance in improving the signal of Radio
Leo in the Republic of the Congo. provided guidance end ad-
vice on training of five Radio Gana newsmen now studying at
Bouton Univeraity sad tvo attending a TV seminar at Brandeis
University; agreed to assist in training of'etaff %adhere of
Republic of Congo Information Ydristryi provided a tecbnician
• to help government of Somalia in radio broadcasting; trained
tvo stmffmembers of TangawilcaRroadeasting Corporatione;
trained twentylgoroccans in radio communications at VOA
Tangier Raw Basel provided indefinite loan of radio receiver..
and tape recorder to Dahomey Radio for use in:monitoring VOA
broadcasts. .
-CCOSBENTEArr
NN0 011188'
Box 297
DOC: #592
• Page 3 of 64
•
-19CBESEEFFIAir
In Iran, at the request of the Department of Publica-

tions and Broadcasting, ve provid.ed materials on economic
and other deficiencies of the Soviet Union as a means of
countering Soviet attacks on the Iraniaa Government snd
people. lie continue to produce an unattributoi ,weekly news-
reel for distribution in Iran.
In Afghanietan, tinders Special Films Program vhich

the Agency conducts in cooperation vith the Government, ve
exercise by the presence of a UMW Motion Pieture Officer
in the Press Department o.f the Government control, over both
the visual and. script content of the films produced. by the
Royal. Government of Afghanistan. Without U.B. assietance
the Afghan Government does not have at present any means of
producing films.
, In .the Dominican Republic, special materialS for radio,

TV, motion picture and publications are 'being provided to
the Dominican Goveroment for ite use in an extensive citizen
education campaign preparatory to national elections in
December 1962.
In order better to reach and influence youth and labor

groupa in the developing countriea the Agency haa given
additional emphasis to personal contact as •veil as program
materiala in these fields. For example, 26 Btudent Affairs
Officers and 9 Labor Information Officers have been assigned
to poste in' Latin America.
We have assieted in the development of a pilot community

center in Quiroga, Colombia; ve have minced. a 2V education
series to help the Guatemalan Government reach students end
teacher trainees; ve made VOA radio transmitters available
to the Brazilian Goverment during Preeident Goulartle visit
to the U.B. for a daily one hour transmission to stations in
Brazil for relay over local netvorks. '
-CONEDENTUL-
NNe01111811
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 4 of 64
-eefewiteme-
-5-
The Agency has produce& special materiels to counter

the communist "vars of liberation concept. Ammthese
are "Anatomy of Agression " filmvtich links communist
pressure in Berlin to com;unist egression vorldvide and a
series of six cartoon booklets exposing Castro's machinations
ami the threat to other Latin American countries. -Kere=4=han
A nD ri sifihi- fiver:Lilian of these booklets have.been circulated through-
' out Latin America. '
To aseist in imprrring tbe prestige of foreign heads of

state in the eyes of their countrymen, the Agency has provided
special coversge of their visits to the U.S. In addition to
radio, TV, and press coverage, ve hove produce& special films
on the visits of the Presidents of Tunisia, Pakistan, Sudan,
Camaroons, Togo, an& the Ivory Coast, the Prime Ministers of
India and Nlgeria, and the Shah of Iran.
YUTURB PLANS
The Agency vill continue its tvo.odeek course on the Current

Problems in Developing Areas. During the. next year 1200-1500.of our
officers vill complete this course. Ile vill continue to assign
officers to the ESI interagency course and. related. courses.
We vill assure that all officers assigned to countries under

the cognizance of the Special Group (C.I.) have satisfactorilY
completed the Agency's tvo.week course, tbe PSI five-veek Seminar,
or en-evivalent course.
We will place greater emphasis on research in communications

and vill contribute to the collection of intelligence on groupa
acceasible to our officera oversees, (e.g. communicators and Intel-
lectnals).'
Our Country FUblic Adftirs Officers vill execute the psycholo-

gical portions of the Internal Defense Country Plans, '
llediPEPENTSIL—
7/24/62
NtkiD 011188
Box 297
'DOC:S592
Page 5 of 64
'r . UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
itEPORT COUNTIfiUNSUROENCY AND PLANS
Contents
PAlat
Training
tt OrganisSUna
UI Etesearch on Conuannicationa and Altitudes
IV Programs and Operations
A. Viet-Nana /3
D. Laos 2.0
C. Thailand r
D. Africa 30
E. aaiddle Eaat 3z,
F. Latin America ,r
Tab A - Curriculuna for Agency 'Training Course
43
oa Problenia ot the Developial; Areaa
Tab . Bibliography for Training Course
CD14 rtuz NTIAL NND 011188.

Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 6 of64
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY

WASHINGTON
courinnwr/AL
REPORT ON COUNTERINSURGENCY PROGRAMS AND PLANS
I. TRAINING
The Agency haa instituted a two.week training course

on current problems in developing areas. It covere the nature
of insurgency. Communist exploitation of insurgency naove•
manta. the U.S. response to insurgency movements, special
problems of mass communications, and techniques utilized by
USIA in situ.ations of incipient and critical insurgency. The
final 4 days are devoted to case otudies of program planning
and operations engaged in by USIA posts cenfronted with in-
surgency.aituations.
In addition to lecturers and panel participants from .

within the Agency who have served in critical countriee, repre-
sentatives born State, Defense. CIA. and A/D have contributed
to the instruction. Two hundred Agency officers bave complet-
ed the course and 1200-1500 will complete it during the next
twelve months. Of those who have already completed the
course approximately one.tIzird are in the Agency's Foreign
Service. Tho remainder are members of the Washington
staff who will play a eignificant role in servicing of field opera-
tions. Over 75% of the Foreign Service officers. complethig
the course are being assigned to poeta in the developing coun-
tries or will be assigned to siich posts after they have complet-
ed their Waohington tour of duty. The curriculum is attached
as Tab A.
The Agency aosigned eleven officers to the first F5I

interagency course. All of these officers have been notified
CONFIDENTIAL
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 7 of 64
• •
-2-
of their post of assignment. Two officere will be assigned

each to Viet-Nam, Brazil and Bolivia. The otherewill go
to Thailand, Ivicndco, Nicaragua, Colombia, aad Indonesia.
The Agency will assign officers to the FSI interagency course
each time it is given. We have provided a Staff Advisor to
the Director of the FSI couree. The Agency hae also parti-
cipated in the critique of the first course. We are assigning
four or five officers to participate in the FSI instructors'
course beginning on August 6.
We also aesigned three officers as students and OM

as ataff to the special couree at the National War College.
Two of these officera are assigned ae Deputy Country Public
Affaire Officers in Japan and Cambodia. One is Assistant
Director of the Agency for Africa and the fourth is in charge
of African operations of the Voice of America. We assigned'
two foreign service officers to the special CIA course just
completed.
We have provided lecturera to the training courses

of other agenciee, including thoee conducted by the Armed
Services each as the Array War College and the Ft. Bragg
Special Warfare School. We have alse provided illustrative
USIA materials au well as samples of Communist propaganda
for uae in the counterinsurgency training programs of other
agencies.
The Country Public Affairs Officer in Viet•Nam was

reassigned to Washington to orgamize and direct counter-
insurgency training activities of tho Agency. The Agency
ban reaseigned another of ite top field officers on a full-time
basis to the eta& of the Special Warfare School at Ft. Bragg,
North Carolina. Thia officer will take up his duties in
Septernber. 1962.
Significant elements of the Agency's 'special counter-

hisurgancy training courae wili be iacorporated in'the other
-eeNrteettrhai NND 011188

Box 297
' DOC:0192
Page 8 of 64
um= UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
•
-eetflPfeletiTI-Az
training courses of the Agency. The Agency intends that

all officers assigned to countries under the cognizance of
the Special Group (C.I.) eatisfectorily complete the .
Agency's special two-week course, the FSI interagency
course, or the equivalent.
CONTMCNTIAL
NND0111811
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 9 of 64
.40
WASHINGTON
-eminesatmor
U. ORGANIZATION FOR COUNTERINSURGENCY
The Office of the-Agency's Deputy Director (Policy and

Plans) has the principal responsibility for USIA's overseas •
internal defenee activities, including policy and program
guidance and the coordination within. the Agency and with
other departtnents and agencies. Burnett Anderson, Assiatant
Deputy Director (Policy andPlans), FSCR-I, is the officer
directly reeponeible. He has had extensive experience ia the
Agency in progreesively responsible positions over a period
of ten yeare. He has been Deputy Director of the Press and .
Publications Service. Country Public 'Affairs Offices. in Iran,
and is a graduate of the National War College. H6 has direct
access to the Director of the Agency. For counterinsurgency
activities he is aesieted by a GS-I6 officer with twenty years
experience in the government's information program.
The Agency's Training Division wilkconduct training

courses on the problems of modernizing nations and will ad-
vise and assist in the development and eervicing af counter-
insurgency coursea of other agencies. John Atzspacher. FSCR-2.
until recently Country Public Affairs Officer in Vietaam, has
been assigned to Washington to devote full-time to organizing
and directing thee(' activities.
In addition to these officers who are spending con-

siderable or full-tirne on counterinsurgency matters, there
are many other a pardcipating in the training of personnel.
and the planning and execution of programs.
Overseas. the Country Public Affairs Officer will

participate in the preparatioa of Internal Defenae Country
• CONFIDENTIAL ). ..
NNDOIII88
Box 297
DOC: a592 •
Page 10. of 64
—eerfrIDEITITIA
• -r -
-2-
Plane and execute the (JSIA portion of the program

under the
geeeral direition of the Ambaseador.
CONFIDENTIAL
NitID 011188
Box 297
DOC: 092 •
Page 11 of 64
UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F12019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
4110

WASHINGTON
CONI1DENTIAL
III. RESEARCH ON COMMUNICATIONS AND ATTITUDES
The Agency is readjneting its reeearch activities

ia cou3munications, attitudee, and public opinion -- to meet •
the needs of counterinsurgency operations and training. Re-
search being undertaken in the Far East. in Latin America,
and among students in the developing areas is specified below.
Library eervicee in aupport of training conrsee are given
following the description of the research studios.
Far East
In South Viet-Nam, where the Problem is most acute,

USIA is planning a study of the communication factors in -
aeration Sunrise . which in itself io a crucial experiment.
The ultimate success of this undertaking depende in no small
measure upon an accurate understanding of tho attitudes and
behavior of the villagere. The research design calls for on-
the-spot observations as well as interviews of the villagere
at different (gegen of the operation, from the start of each
operation to later follow-up surveys in the same villagee.
The purpooe is to learn aa mach as possible about the attitudes
of the villagers toward the operation, their understandingor •
rxiisunderstanding of its aims and their consequent receptivity
or resistance to it. Another rurpoee is to evaluate the chan-
nels of communication through which the villagers learned of
the operation and of the Idnds of messages that wero moet per-
suasive or reassuring. and hence effective. Research Lindingo
of such a atudy can oyetematically be fed b?ek into the opera- .
tion as it ie implemented in ether parts of South Viet.Narn.
-GANPIBBifilltr
NND 011108
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 12 of 64
'm UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
•
CONrIDENTIAL
-2-
USIS Saigon has negettated a tentative agreement

with the local Government to train forty field researcher',
from the Vietnameee Information SerVice. In addition, five
persons will be trained to staff a new research divieion
the Vietnamese Information Service headquarters in Saigon.
One of the teaks of reuearch ie to identify potential

disaffection among population groups. 'It ie aleo important
to document, by means of eurveya, the media habite and
channels of communication of these groupe so that informa-
tional campaigne may be carried out aimed at reducing their
vulnerability to subversion and insurrection. In South Viet-
rlam, a Vietnamese communications stady has been held up
because of tho difficulty of conducting interviews in the country-
side. This study ie being clanged to utilize informants in •
Salgon. Theme poreono will be interviewed regarding the
media and other channels of comnuudeation in their own out-
of-Saigon home locations, particularly in thaws areaa moot •
thriaatea®d by the Viot Cong. On the basis of thie study. a
nationwide analysis of the media available to varioue categories
of the population will be made. A contract researcher hae al-
ready arrived fn Saigon to carry out the study.
. Ae part of the basic communicationo reeearch effort,

USIS Saigon has begun a pilot interview study of its mobile
unit activities and auctiences in the seven Delta provincea.
The post is also currently concorned with a project for con-
ducting depth interviews with ex-Viet Conga , to determine their
motivation and attitudes. Analysie of these interviews may help
i to sharpen the informational effort aimed at neutralizing the
Viet Cong influence and stimulating and strengthening the rural
Vietnameee's Benue of loyalty towarci their Government. Tho
USIA regional research officer in Bangkok will seek to dovelop
a more detailed and eystematic interviewing schedule as soon
ass a'large nurnber of subjecte become available.
AND 011188
Box 297
DOC: 092
PaCe 13 of64
-Ge14141)84fflatb
-36 •
Thailand etanda to learn from the les:lone in South

Viet-Nam and Laos, and particularly northeast Thailand.
USIA reeearch activities in this area began with a

pilot study of a northeast Thai village in October. 1960. A
inore eysternatic survey of two northeaet Thai towns wae
made ln March, 1961, when the local leaders and informed
observers wore interviewed. The aim of the survey was to
assess the impact of the Laotian war on tho attitudes of the
Tbaie in the provinces bordering Laos, and their awareness
of and possible anxiety about Communist infiltration and cub-
version. Research on the existing a:id potential channels
of information there provided a bads for intensified informa-
tional campaigns.
USIA le also currently engaged in a systematic in-

ventory of the communications media in northeast Thailand.
Information on re.dio lietening. newepaper and magazine
readership. and dialect proferencee is being collected
through interviewing University and technical school students
in Bangkok. Tbeee informants report on their hornet locations
in the northeast. The results will provide detailed media in-
formation on all the dietricts.
In an effort to check and reduce any ineurgent senti-

ment. tbe Thai Government is trying to improve its capability •
to reach by radio all sections of the country. A research con-
tribution of USIA to Ude effort is represented in a eurvey of
radio listenership with epecial emphasie on domeetic radio, ,
covering listening habite. program and station preferences.
aod reasone for these preferences.
Dieaffection leading to insurrection and violence often

spreads by wrdrof mouth. This is particularly true in
developing nations touch as Thailand) where the media are not
yet fully doveloped. Tho Special Operations Research Office
c;014FIDENTIAL NND 011188

Box 297
DOC: 11592
Page 14 of 64
6.1 UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-60414131Stiltbor
-4-
of the Department of the Arrny is currently studying this

means of communication. the characteristics of the people
who utilise it and who1are most ausceptible to it. USIS
Thailand is cooperating in this project and will put the find-
ings to further analysis and possible program use.
Latin America
The present program of attitude and opinion researeh

in Latin America will provide a broad range of data useful
for internal defense planning. The research studies will
deal with the following aspects of the counterbuzurgency pro-
blew.
1. Bade aspirations and values . As a Icey to the

specific.problems and issues over whichineurgency
sentiment ie likely to develop, studiee will be con-
ducted that deal. with the basic goala and etrivinge
of various aegments of the population in all Latin
American countriee. The principal focus in this ef-
fort is to provide eznpirical documentation of the
- revolution of rising expectatione.
2. The oxtent and intonaity of dissatisfaction aad disaf-

fection. An important aspect of the general problem
of the revolution of rising expectations ie the conse-
quence(' that flow from expectations that are elevated
and then unmet.. Our studios will raonitor both tho
extent and intensity of economic and political diesatie-
faction. Such a barometer of opinion will be, important
in helping to pinpoint both tho sectore of the population
in which ineurgency sentiments are likely to develop
and the issueaaroundwhich they Can be marshalled.
3. Attitudes toward social changa and reform. In addi-

tion to the largor isauo of basic goals, aspirations
CONFIDENTIAL NND 011188

' Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 15 of84
us UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
' CONFIDLNTIAL
.5.
and expectations that people have, our studies will

also provide information on attitudes toward :metal
change and the various avenues for achieving it.
Here we will be concentrating on such general pro-
blems as the extent to which peaceful vs. violent
means of change are favored, and ouch apecific
initial; as attitudee toward the Alliance for Progress,
tax reform, land reform, and the expropriation of
property.
4. The opinion of the U.S. as a syrnfatbetic„promoter

of peaceful change or as a preserver of the status quo.
The emcees of any U.S. internal defenee ea'orts
may well depend on whether they are seen as merely
a means of thwarting the aspirations of the Latin
American people in order to preserve the statue quo
or ae sympathetic efforte aimed at helping the peoplo
achieve their goals through peaceful meant*. Our
studies will continue to provide data on this critical
dimension.
Stu.dies currently in progreeo or planned Ilor the near

future are listed below.
1. A etudy of the impact of the Preeident,e visit to

Mexico City on attitudes toward theAlliance for
. Progress, ita required reforms, and Castroism.
Z. A pilot etudy inEl Salvador and llicaragua on the

baaic aspirationo and values of campeainos (rural
. workers), with special attention to attitwles toward
the Alliance for Progress .land reform. communiem,
and related subjects.
3. A study in northeast Brazil dealing with basic aspira-

tions and values. attitudee toward land and tax reform,
opinion(' about communism and the relative desirability
of peaceful vs. violent means for reform.
-. 649NPLEtetIrlit'L— NND 011186

Box 297
DOC: 5552
Page 16 of 64
.■ UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-Cm '
4. The first in a periodic seriee of large, multi-

country surveys designed to provide a continuing and
compreheneive assessment of attitudee toward the
Alliance for Progress and the associated issues of
tax reform, land reform, expropriation of property,
peaceikd ve. violent avenues of social change. etc.
This study, whicb is being cooperatively aponsored
by USIA and AID will be based on representative
national aamples covering both the urban and rural
areas in all the major countries of Latin America.
The firet survey, which ia scheduled for September,
1962, will cover Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador and Venezuela.
Student Attitude
Since univereity students in developing areas are both

a primary reservoir of leadership and a frequent focus of
disaffection and insurrection. USIA hae augmented studiee of •
this group.
Studiee aro now underway in Brazil, Womble. Peru,

Malaya, Thailand, Liberia and Senegal and among African
students in London. Stiullee aro projected in Uruguay.
Venezuela, Japan, In.donosia, Philippines, East Paldstan, India
and one or more African countries.
LibrartServices for Training Courses
The Agency Library hal; prepared a series of bibliographies

and purchaeed multiple-copies of books and periodicals for use
by personnel participating in training courses. The bibliographies
cover general references on the problems of developing areas. -
writings by Communist officials. books and periodicals on maas
communications, propaganda, and psychological warfaro, and
guerrilla warfare. These bibliographies are attached as Tab 11.
•_cogr-wawri*L--
NND 011OS
Box 297
DOC: 8592
Page 17 of 64
•
-Gehtmetillfadi
-7-
In addition, the library has prepared packages of

selected material on counterinsurgency in Southeast Asia.n
countries. The Magazine Digest iseued daily, includes
current references to articles on counterinsurgency.
CQNnmrrriAL
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: $1592
Page 18 of 64
-1
•
WASHINGTON
IV. PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS
A. Viet-Nam
USIS-Viet-Naro is participating fully in the effort, to

help the Governnient of Viet•Nam defeat North Vietnamese
subvereive aggression, with particular emphasie On the
psychological aspects of the program.
USN-Viet-Nam worke in close cooperation with the

Country Team and the various Vietnamese ministries in the
'counterinsurgency effort. Wlth Viet-Nam at war. virtually
all of our programs reflect this condition and major emphasie
is on psychological program objectivee. Although USIS worhs
with most ministries in one way or another, it is more close-.
ly associated with the Ministry-for Civic Action. which includes
the Directorate General of Information; and the Paychological
Warfare Dfrectorate of the Vietnamese Army. tISIS lends all
poseible profoesional assistance to improve their maes-com-
municatione techniquee designed to eetablish closer relations
between tbe Government and the people.
The Peveholciical Operations Committee
• MIS chairs the Psychological Operations Committee

consisting of representatives of Eznbeasy. MAAG. CIA. and
AID. This group plans and coordinates prierityptojects in-
volving any or ell Mleolon elements, often 1st collaboration
with the Vietnameee Government. These projects include air
NND 011188
• Box 297
DOC: 1692
Page 19 of64 '
• •
-eemilestesith-
-2-
lifts to Montagnard tribesmen (USIt3-?,4AAG-AID-Vietaaraa®e

effort), developing special informational materials for
.Vietnamese and world-wide consumption. and other pro-
jects iequiring cloee cooperation of various elements.
Motion Picture')
Motion pictures have been a major factor in the

U. S. counterinsurgency effort. USIS producea a weekly
newsreel in Vietnameee without U.S. attribution. The neVe•
roeI containe material designed to bolster the Vietnamese
will to fight and to support the Government. The newereele
aro shown in 180 commercial theaters with an estimated
average monthly audience of five million people.
USIS is producing 41 special "Task Force".filme. the

majority having directly to do with onr counterinsurgency
efforts. The films include "Sane of Ha Ba-Trung", a story
of the Vietnamese Army; "Building a School"; and "Beware
of VC Cadree." The objective of thoee films is to improve
relations between Government and poopie and increase under-
standing and popular support for counterinsurgency actions.
Ten have been completed to date. and have met with almoot
universal oucceae. • •
USIS, in additioa to its own 181 projectore.and 10,mobile

%mite furniehoe prints for distribution through many Vietnamese
Government channels.
Exhibits
Exhibits aro another medium in which USIS haa cooperat•

ed closely with the Viatnameee Government. For example..
USIS contributed exteneively in planning, manpower and
materiel to a mammoth army Victory exhibit (captured Viet •
Cox* weapons, pamphlets) which drew block-long queues in
-eettriDE
NND OMBB
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 20 of 64
' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-6514EIBENTEM5-
in Saigon in the summer of 1961, and was given extensive

display in the provincee. VSIS and AID collaborated in
tbe production of a "Highways to Progress" exhibit which
attracted hundredo of thousands in Saigon. Hue, and other.
areae. Another effort was a joint USIS-Psychological :War-
fare Directorate exhibit highlighting the rehabilitation of
war-crippled soldiers at the Deparisnent of Defense hoepital
center. •
Publications-
USIS uses its publications extensively in the support

of counterinsurgency objectives. working in close collabora-
tion with MAAG and the Vietnamese Army. Examples:
From Vietnamese eupplied material, USIS produced 200,000
copies of a pamphlet entitled "Know Your Army" and 50,000
copiee of a psychological warfare calendar. USIS periodicals
in Vietnamese have a large number of articles devoted to thc
fight against the Viet Cong and toward gaining more popular
support for the Government'e effort. Periodicals include
Free World (100,000 copies in Vietnamese) and Concept, a
tri-Ungual quarterly (5.000 copies French-Englieh•Vietnarneoe)
for the educated elite.
We also produce pamphlets (131 in FY 19a totalling

343.608 copies), many in direct eupport of counterinsurgency
objectives. The State Department's "white paper" entitled
"A Threat to• Peace", after being serialised by Viet-Naro
Freese was put into pamphlet form (50;000 copies) by USIS
and the Ministry.for Civic Action for distribution in the.
provinces. A 20-page USIS-produced cartooa booklet, "Mr.
HnOs Story," graphicaIly expoeing Viet Cons treachery, was
a.nother joint effort.
Radio
Tho post produces and places on local radio 53 houro

of programa a, week. a great part of this in direct support
NND 011188
•Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 21 of 64
/.
-eatmbettn*L-
..
of counterinsurgency objectives. Such pregrams include
(1) Beyond the Eenhai River (daily). which counteracts
Hanoi propaganda and (Z) Communiem and Reality (weekly)
which reveals communist deceptione. USIS providea the
Vietnamese Radio Network with four anti-North Vietnameee
programs weekly, including the tvio mentioned above. The
"Northern Reports" unit of the USIS Radio Section scans all
available propaganda output of the North Vietnamese Govern.
ment and tailors its programe with fast,' hard-hitting repliea.
There are about 400,000 radio receivers in Viet-Naizt. with
an estimated lietnership of 2,000,000. The Voice of Ameri-
ca broadcasts a total of two hours in Vietnamese to Viet-Nam
daily.
Field Support Operations
. USIS presently hap branch poets in Dalat. Hue. and

Cantbo. To reinforce our effort in Viet-Nam. USIS ban •
negotiated an agreement with the Mi niotry of Civic Action to
establish a total of 39 "field support operation" or branch posts
throughout the provinces. Eighteen are planned for• thi® year,
and will be increased as personnel are recruited. Those
"field eupport operations" operate behind the cover of the
Vietnamese Information SOrViCe, and are manned by U515 •
local personnel with no attribution to the U.S. These opera-
tional poets will enable us to reacb the rural areas with informa-
tional water/ale (films, publications, etc.) to a greater extent
than has been possible before. Furthermore, it will furnish
us wit12 information for getting to the peaeants. Posts are al-
ready established and functioning at Ma Trang. Banmethuot,
SocTrang, Tuy Holt, and Danang. Next location° echeduled
for opening: Kontum, Quang Ngai, and Qui Nhon. Them
operations will be serviced from our branch poete at Dalat,
Hue, and Cantho, as well as Saigon.
CONFIDENTLAL
NND011188 •
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 22 of64
GOW-tagN-710.11-
U519 ia producing a weeldy newspaper. Kien Quoc .

for Operation Sunrioe. This joint VietnamesefUSIS effort
explains what is required Of them .in this population re-
groupment program. The circulation of Kien Quoc ia
35,000. Aleo in aupport of Operation-Suirise. we are pro.
viding projectors generators, films. pamphlets, posters.
leafiete. etc. USIS hae now received permission to establish
a "Hai Yen" edition of the paper for Operation Sea Swallow.
USIS is working with the Vietnamese Army Po ychol.ogical ,
Warfare Directorate in theoe operations.
Special Research Operations
USIS has conducted three preliminary aurveyo to pro-

vide guidelines for media planning intended for village-level
ontpnt. To establish and improve communications with the
Montagnards, a etudy was made of the languages and moron,
providing the basis for more effective radio programs in the •
Montagnard dialecte. A atudy of the organization, operation,
information and propaganda chamois of the Self-Defense
Corps (SDC) resulted in the establiehnient of a special USES
information prograrn at SDC training camp) throughout the
nation. A third etudy, devoted to political re-education
centers where some 20,000 ex-Viet Cong and others are
receiving political indoctrination, resulted in the establish-
ment of a mobile unit run..in which films are shown and
printed materials dietributed in all of tho major centers.
USIS is conducting a aeries of research projects which

will enable all U. S. elements to improve their communication
with the people, as well as providing invaluable insights into
the mind pi the enemy. Additional information on theme -
reaeareh projects appear in the "Research on Communicatione and
Attitudes" section of this report. •-- •
CONFIDENTIAL.
NPID 011194
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 23 of 64
° UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
•
CONrIDENTIAL
-6-
USIS Cooperation with Other Countries
17519 worka in close cooperation with other free-world

countries in assisting the Vieteanteee Government to defeat
the cents:emulate. In June of this year. the Bret meeting of
the so-called "Canberra Group" consisted of repreeentatives
to the Australian ttnbassy. the British Information Service
aad the The:1*volt Minden (a epecial British Advisory
mission to Viet-Nara tinder R.G.K. Thompson) and zoembere
of the U.S.• Peychological Operations Committee. Actions
taken by members of this group include analysis of Viet-
nantese propaganda conten‘providing the Ministry of Civic
Action with more meaningful anti-communist mat aria' for
internal and exteraal use. and exploring possibilities of .
obtaining a troop indoctrination expert and films e!pecialist
from Malaya.
Supporting the GVNis Efforte Abroad
To tell the full etory of Viet-Narn's critters to the out-

side world the poet utilizes all of ita communications media
plus 115I5 facilities world-wide. It rtles copy. photo!). filmes
and radio tapes to Waahington. Manli.a, and other key com-
munications centers.
A large part of the responsibility in gotting this story

• told le worldng with American aad foreign correspondente fa
Viet-Nam. We arraage interviews, briefings. and prose
conferences with members of the U. S. Mission. coordinating
their efforts closely with the Vieteameoe Government. When
the State Departrnynt published evidence linldng the North
Vietnamese Government with the Viet Cong and documenting
aggression in "A Threat to the Peace" -- USIA was instru-
mental in giving it world-wide dietribution in a number of
foreign languagee.
COPIZIDENTIAl.
NND 011186
Box 297 •
/ DOC: 6592
Page 24 of64
CONrIDENTIAL
-7-
In coordination with CIA and the Viotnaniese Govern-

ment. USIS ie also publicizing unfavorable conditions in
North Viet-Narn. Information v/hich can be declassified io
not plentiful. but USIS•Saigon continuos to file stories when-
ever available.
We are also eending out a weekly packet of photoo

.(Viet-Narn Photo Service) to 108 poete world-wide. designed
to enlist third country, interest and support for Viet-Nans,e
war effort.
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: 4592
Page 25 of 64
CONrIDANTI.AL

WASHINGTON
IV. PROGR.AMS AND OPERATIONS
B. LAOS
Circumatancee permitting. USIS will continue to work

with the Royal Lao Government (RLG) information organisation
and otber RLG elements to help build an internally cohesive
and viable nation capable of resisting subversion and blandish-
ments of international communiem. USIS placee special
emphasid on press, publicatione, radio, motion pictures,
and the Moons Information Program.
Press and Publicatione
USIS produces and distributes news sheets, feature

articles and photo materials for dietributioa to the official
Lao Press and'to opinion leadera. In addition, thousands
of pamphlete. photo dieplays, postereand leafleta, the
majority of them attributed to various Lao ministries, have
been produced. •
We have produced jointly with MAAG, AID, and the

Lao Arrny a newepaper for the Lao Army. Although MAAG
will be phased out in Laos nnder the terme of the Geneva
accords we will continue this activity, and, if possible. expand
it eo aa to reach the forces of Lam; after the Lao Army,
Kong Le, and Pathet Lao.forces are ,integrated.
Radio
In radio. USIS hae undertaken to coordinate efforts'

to instill order into a chaotic Situation, to channel available
equipment and skills into a unified radio voice, and to
influence radio programming in eupport of U. S. objectives.
NND 011 In
C ON rIDEHTIAL Box 297 •
DOC: 092 •
Page 26 of 64
"• UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
CONFIDENT-1M.
Thia project went far beyond the scope of our normal radio
operations. It involved USIS in a close working relationship
with MA.AO Psychological Warfare operations in helping to
build end equip radio station's. create programs, and train
pereonnel. It also involved coordinating both U. S. and Allied
efforts at developing a viable organizational structure for
radio broadcasting in Laoa.
While major tranemitter equiprnant haa beera supplied

under the Military Assistance Program. alznost all studio
equipment at tbe provincial stations belonga to USIS and Won
long term loan. The USIS radio officer. an engineer. has
'spent considerable time at various stations helping keep trans-
mitters and 'audios in operation. .
During the past year. we cooperated in three training

courses aimed at training Lao peraonnel in both the prograzuming
and ter:Mica aspects cd radio.
A second role of USIS hap been as a member of the

Inter-Allied Radio Committee. This•group, which includee
representatives of Australia, Fran.ce, the United Kingdom
and the United States, was instrumental in obtaining a Colombo
Plan advisor on radio for Laos. It has also been able to
coordinate the efforts of the participating nations in the tadio
Iviotion Pictures
This has been the Agency's most effective naedium of

communication with the Lao. Ite effectiveness haa been
enhanced by the use Of narrations employing the traditional
Lao folk song style. Moblarn. MOhlam teame consist of a
male and female singer.with an instrumental accompanist.
The singers improvise comments about local events. and provide
a running commentary on the movie being seen.
The post producea newsreel and new magazine films

attributed to the Lao Information Service. The newsreels get
rapid commercial dietribution in theaters in the :Major centers.
ININD 0111E4
Box 297
-ee.3N-PEDE•NTInkln- DOC: #592
Pogo 27 of 64
1
"' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-eeteElli3E+1112413-
3-
The news magazine films are shown in remote areas. The .

productions featuro local evente in Laos, free world aid,
Lao government accomplishments and international events. '
They are diatributed by the Lao Information Service. the Lao
Army and our own mobile units.
Muong Information Program
The major activity of USIS Laos has been the initiation.

and development ot the Muong Iaformation program.
It began aa a purely USIS program to place motion

picture projection equipment, generatore and films in Muongs
(districts) throughout the country. In each Muong where pro-
jectioaequipment wae placed, Muong personnel were trained
to operate and maintain the equipment, and detailed plane were
formulated for the regular use of the equipment.
As soon as mobile teams began consolidation programa

among civilians in combat areas. it became evident tbat
propaganda wae not enough. Propaganda could aerve us well,
but only aa an instrument to eupport some program of action.
This meant that the prograxn had to become an interagency
effort.
Initially. the interagency program involved the distribution

of relief supplies provided by CLA, AID and CARE. They
were flown into the areas where our mobile teams were
operating, and distributed to the local populace in connection '
witi2 the information effort. The supplies contested of rice,
salt, blankets and cloth. Later, other commodities were added.
The first suppliee were provided by CIA. which also provided
the airlift. Ae AID completed its reorganization as a ''task
force" type of operation, it also began to participate. Much
valuable assistance was rendered in the early days by CARE.
which in many cases operated through USIS field personnel for
the distribution of CARE goods. Airlift of relief goode. as
well as UM pereonnel and equipment, was furnished by all
US agencies having aircraft at their dispoeal MAAG. CIA and
AID.
NNE* 011188
Box 297
-eetiineeterted DOC: #592
Page 28 of 64
'6' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
• •
- 4-
.As relief supplies were recetved in the field,

distribution to the needy was arranged through local civil
officials, eametimes working 'kith military field commanders
and always in the name of the Lao Government and the U. S.
The Agency avoided direct identification when poseible; our
purpose was to have something to exploit propagandietically.
As refined, the Muong Information Program worked

as follows:
A teaxra. coneisting of an American leader. an interpreter

if needed, and a projectionist would visit a given Muong,
having first checked on the security of tbe area, plus-con-
sulting any resident official Americans about localneeds and
conditions. In some instances, if locally resident Ameridans
could apare the time for the trip, only a partial team would
be sent and the localAmerican would be used aa teamoleader.
The initial sortie would be discussed wtth the provincial
governor or other appropriate officials. Whenever possible,
a Lao Government official would be encoura,ged to coma along.
If a government official accompanied the team, he would be
puahed to the fore to the limit of hie capabilitiis. If be was
incffectual or reluctant, we took a more active role. The .
Game procedure was followed with local officials, i.e.. if the
114:ttong official wae an intelligent sad energetic type, be waa
ueed to the utmost; ii not. he served to maintain the facade of
government Participation while the team worked on its own. •
or perhapa through the local military coramaader. We found
direct American involvement in these operations unavoidable
and. while we tried to crests the impression that American •
personnel were there in an advisory capacity, our experience
showed that the presence of Aniertcans was not only neceesary
to get the job done but that their presence had a salutary effect..
Teams took alOng aid items. propaganda material!) and films.
Team leaders gathered information aboutthe area for planning
the next trip.
It was usually after the initial visit that other US agencies

entered the picture (aside from having provided the airlift
'and the aid commodities. ) At this point each project became
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 29 of 64
"' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
•
—14
/ 0:044-ritIPZIrril=
• 5 •
an interagency activity; USIS personnel consulted with

appropriate officers of AID, CIA, MAAO. Operation
Brotherhood and the British Colombo Plan medical pereonnel
to:explain local situations and the needs in the areas vietted,
and to make plane bacied on the resources and personnel other
agencies could make available.
On follow-up missions. teams would bring in additional

aid barled on their determination of needs on the initial visit.
USIS sornetimes'prepared mimeographed or printed materiale
about, whatever major effort was scheduled fer a particular
Muong. For example, if medical relief was an-urgent need.
pill envelopes carrying a propaganda message were prepared.
aa well ae posters using illuetrations frorn the lecality
depicting aspects of public health. Other media were used,
such as public health films and first-aid handbooks. Frequently
follow-up teams were accompanied by an AID representative
to survey needs for well digging., dispensaries, markets, etc.
AID also supplied large quantities of hand tools wbich were
distributed for use in local self-help projects.
The program. which began as basically a propaganda

effort, supplemented by the distribution of quantities of relief
suppliee in order ta make the propaganda effective and credible,
has broadened into a mission-wide psychological effort. It ,
involves in varying degree every US agency operating in Laos.
It is greatly helped. not only by the temporary loan of various
pereonnel as leaders of mobile teams, but it relief) increasingly
on the support and efforts of American personnel reaident in
tlie field.
• Since the Muong Information program hae proved to be

the most effective means of reaching the Lao people with
tangible evidence of American and Lao Government concera
for ,their welfare, it wlll be continued in those a.reas witeie
we are now operating, with such modifications as are required
by the changed circumstanceain Laos. We also plan to expand
the Muong Information Prograrn into additional a.reae,
particularly areas formerly held by the Pathet Lao, sO far as
this is poseible.
NND 011188
Box297 •
DOC: #592
—60NPIISENTI*L— - Page 30 of64

WASHINGTON
- COMPIOVNTbszt
C. THAILAND
All USIS programa are geared to the Plan for Promoting

the Internal SecuriV of Thailand.
Most USIS activities are carried out through the coordina-

tion of the Political Aesistance SUbcornmittee (ono of a nember
of U.S.-Thai committees), which is cbarged with non•militnry
programs directed primarily to meeting urgent internal
security requirements (such ae community development. feeder
roads. civic action.. radio broadcasting. mobile information
teams and. Border Patrol Police).
USIS participatoe in the Worldng GroupOn Radio-Tele-

vision. in the working group charged with training a corps of
competent local officials ranging from governors to village
headmen. and USW chaira the working Group on Mobile
Information Towne. USIS also has advisory etatus with
other Thai-U.S. working groups. •
Priorfty counterinsurgency programs in which VMS

participates are: Mobilo Information Team projecte, improve-
ment plans for Thai radio and TV. extensive local film pro.
duction designed to direct the toyalty of village people toward
their ovm country. and meetinga with Thai and/or other
foreign elements (e. g. the Canberra Conference /nformation
Specialists). -
Mobile Information 1 . 41.1.3218
Mobile teams, including representatives of various Thai

Government minietries, are aent from Bangkok and from
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 31 of 64
•
•
-eeNnoraw-T-ma,
-2-
provincial capitals to villages in remote areas with the

objective of helping develop an awareness that they are
citizens of Thailand and an appreciation of the central
government's efforts to improve their living standards.
The purpose is to strengthen the villagers' sense of
national identity and loyalty to King and country. Since
January, lea, four mobile teams from Bangkok have
toured remote villages in the roost critical areas of the
Northeast and North, contacting more than 50.000 people:
Theae experimental tours were made by teams led by an
official af the Intorior Minietry, and included three or '
four othor Thai officials from the Interior and Health
Ministries and the Public Relatione Department. They
also included a USIS officer, who helped plan and organize
the tripe but who atayed in the background. USIS ale* pro-
vided some Thai drivers and projectionists. The tou.re
lasted from two to three weoke and coverod twenty to
forty.villagee each.
The team members .roet voith village headmen, visited

houses, talked with the people about their crops and pro-
blems, presented Rime .showing tho unity and etrength of
Titailand ander its King and offering practical euggestione
for improving village life, paid respects to the chief abbot,
and distributed to the villagers pictures of the King and a
Buddha image, maps of Thailand, awl illustrated booklets;
on. ouch practical subjects as poultry raising. A team
doctor treated ailments and adn2inistered inoculations. On
the basis of available evidence, the pilot teams; appear to
ha.ve been highly successful. To evaluate this preliminary
judgment and to explore possible waya. of improving the
effectiveness of this program, we will ask one or two re-
sident social anthropologiete to conduct a field evaluation.
The Political Aseistance Subcommittee has decided to

continue the mobile team program with one team going out
to remote areas for two weeks every month. Three teams
NND 011188
CONFIDENTIAL Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 32 of 64
-• •
.3-
have been eetablished and each will go out every third

month. Plana are also being rnade to form teams of pro-
vincial officials to be eent to outlying villages from pro-
vincial capitals and thus bring local administration into
closer coatact with the villagers. The Thai members of
the teams are to be selected from porsonael already em-
ployed by Thai ministries. If the program planned for
FY 1963 is euccessful. a greatly evanded program is
expected to be inatituted the following year. By then, the
That Government vain be able to make provision for such
a program in its budget.
Besides the tours, plana ca11 for preparatory training .

of the team members to include a briefing on the itinerary,
the characterietici of the villages to be visited, equipment
needed, the proper approach to be used with the villagers s••
and selection of informational materiale and small gifts for
distribution to villagers. It is enviaaged that following
oach tour, the team will meet to assese reeults and to con- .
eider additional action(' to help meet the neede of the villages.
The Ware are gradually involving more elements of the Thai
Government; initially only the Ministry of Interior and the
Public Relatione Department were represented; later a
doctor from the Ministry of Health was added to the teams;
and now consideration is being given to including repre-
entatives of the Ministries of Education and Defense.
The Thaie have accepted the technique with enthušlazm and
the concept iv being taken up by a nnmber of Thai Naniatries.
Radio and Television
• The SEATO Conunitteo of Experts CM Problems of

Information Dissemination in Remote Areae gave higheet
priority to the improvement of radio tranemitting facilitioo
as the best way to teach the masses in remote areas. Get-
ting the Government's meesage to villagere in outlying areas
requires improvement of radio broadcasting, net only to
reach the people in theee areas but also, to•overcome tho
NNDO11188 •
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 33 of 64
• -6014-FltraltrilrG •
-4-
competition of communist radio broadcasts. In northeaat

Thailand Peldngle medium wave ie six times etronger
than the Voice of America anti twelve times stronger than
any Bangkok stations monitored.
A VOA radio survey team has conducted a monitoring

s urvey of the northeaet and has inepected Thai tranernitting
facilities. Their urgent recommendation, endorsed by the
Miseion, wee tia make immediately available to the Thai
Government a transmitter of sufficient strength to blanket
northeast Thailand. Both ehort and long range proposals,
for filling thin need are now under active consideration.
USIS le at present programming seventy individual

programs for stations in the northeast and is producing
Ivlohlam as well as news in dialect for four northeast
stations. Other actions pending include establiehment of a
VOA programming center in Baagiok to prepare and adapt
programs for all of Southeast Asia. ,inaluding Thailand;
providing training for Thai radio specialists in Washington;
aad sending a U.S. programming and engineering specialist
to Thailand for art extended period to aseiet Thai radio
otations.
Motion Picturee
USIS produces locally Z4 newo films and ZO documentaries

a year. To a considerable degree, these films are now aimed
at developing cohesion and a sense of national unity arnong
the Thai people. USIS is ale* produciag special films (such
ao a documentary on the Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand)
better to acquaint the Thai people with little known areae of
their own country. •
CONrID=NTIAL
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC:9392
Page 34 of 64
c••• UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-eettptarrn
Improvement in Thai Programming_ and Coordination of

Worn:tattoo Output
Improvement and coordination of information output

will have to be achieved by the Thai. Public Relations
Department. This department is responsible for pro- •
duction of materials. radio broadcasting in Bangkok
and Khonlcaen, Governinent information output and
general backstopping of information programa deoigned to
achieve the poiltical olljectives of the central government.
However, it ia one of the weakeet arme of the Thai Govern-
. meat.
Research
Information on communication su.rvey studies being

made in Thailand appears in tho "Research on Communica-
tions and Attitudio" section of thia report.
NND 01118B
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 35 of 64
`" UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
•
WASHINGTON
-earfrimateriii-L—
D. AFRICA •
In Africa, the Agency has assisted a number of

pvernroonts in strengthening their masa communications
media. In the Republic of the Congo (LEO) we have pro-
vided techaical aseietance to improve the signal el Radio
LEO. This is intended to improve the central government's
ability. to enhance its own image and promote Congolese
unity.
In March, 1962, the Government of Ethiopia re-

quested the U. S. to warden Radio Addis Ababa in the train.
ing of pereonnel and the production of programs. In re-
eponse, USIA assigned two VOA, radio technicians (an
American husband and wife team) to the Ministry of Informa-
tion for one year a® radio programming experts. Mr. and
Mrs. Szabo now help Radio Addis Ababa produce daily pro-
grama in English, French, Arabic and Swahili and traln
Ethiopians in programming techniques, including newe
and feature writing, prottuction, and announcing.
In Morocco, USIS trained twenty Moroccans in radio

conunnnications at the VOA Tangier Relay Baee at the requeot
of the Moroccan Government. Two members of the Neff of
the Tanganyika Broadcasting Corporation bave been assigned
to the Voics of America far a two-year training period.
In other countries of .Africa transit% ia alao being

previded to key personnel in goverranent controlled radio
and qther communications tnedia. rev example. we pro.
vided guidance ansi advice on tbe training of five Radio bbana
NND 011188
Box 297
—GO14149.ENTIAL- DOC: #592
Pap 36 of 64
-Gen&liBELNTI*L-
-2-
newsmen now studying at Boeton University and two attend-

ing a TV aeminar at Brandeie Univeroity.
We have cooperated ia a training grant for tho

Director of Radio Abickian, which includes a tour of the
United States Oa some of its key radio and TV installations.
Through this visit wo expect to achieve a closer relationship
with the Director and influence Radio Abidbm programming.
We aleo facilitated a training grant for the Director of the
Minietry of Information in Upper Volta. This official con-
. trole Upper Volta's only newspaper.
Arrangements are being rnade to train two Congolese

(Braaza) broadcasters at the Voice of America; VOA plans
to send a radio technician to assist the Somali Goya:a:neat
in radio broadcastingj VOA ie training two Sudanese on the
staff of Radio Orndnrman.• W. are traiaing four Radio Libya
*tali membere at our Cairo radio packaging center.
Negotiations are under way for training of some

Radio Lome employees, Mali radio personnel and staff
.meznbers in the Information Ministry inthe Republic of
Congo (Brazza). Negotiationa are under way to provide
film clips for the newereel produced by the Ministry of
Information in Guinea.
.%•
NND 01118B
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 37 of 64
6 UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Departrnent of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY_

WASHINGTON
-eisetnettfrbt
E. MIDDLE EAST •
Iran
Programa to expoae the subversive nature of

communism and the aggreseive intentions of the Soviet UM=
are a continuing element of our operations in Iran. It has
been subject to two aignificant consideratione. First, tbe
Governrnent of Iran bee been sensitive to what might be
offeneive to the Soviet Union. However, during the paat fou.r
yeara the Soviet Union has maintained a fairly constant radio
propaganda tumult on the Shah and government through Radio
Moecow, an Iranian commitnist refugee program from East
Germany, and a clandestine station.
The second important factor is that the Government of

Iran has collaborated with aU elements of the U. S. Mission
in Iran. In the case of USIS this has meant eaay access to
the government and private media. the Ministry of Education.
and every other organization in which we haye an interedt.
Vihile this situation facilitates our work, it also creates a
danger that the U. S, will become overly identified with the
regime, including the unpopular aepecta.
These considerations have a direct bearing on certain

USIS programe.
Newareel•
USIS produces and distributes an unattributed weekly

nowareel to support U. S. paychnlogical objective,' in Iran.
The reel, initiated in 1953, now hae a cunattlative annual'
audience of 54, OD, pereone. Twenty-eight prints of each
NND 011188
Box 297
—649i4P1-13EifelicL— DOC: #592
Page 38 of 64
-- UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
issue, prepared by private contract film laboratories. aro

circulated oa an eight or nine week-cycle to about 237.
commercial theaters. in tbe country.
. The reel aleo uees film clips covering couch subjects

ae Berlin. U. S. space achievements, and the speechie
and travels of the President.
Materiale Supplied to the` Department of Publications and

Broadcasting
In 1959 the Director General of the Department of

Publications aid Broadcasting rnade the first of eeveral
requests for znaterials dealing with Soviet deficiencies. The
request stemmed from a decision to respond to Radio Moscow
attacks which, at that time, included the person of the Shah.
The requeet specifically was for such iteroa aeloviet economic
failures, including ehortagea and high consumer costs. and
for items revealing corruption in Soviet public and private
life.
Some materiale on these aubjects were used, along witb

materials from other sources, for a aeries of radio
commentaries running over a period of several months. More
recently similar commentaries have been broadeast only at
irregular Intervale. . Agency output on communism continu®s
to be supplied.
USIS regularly produces and places program materials

on the Iranian radio, but only once haa material directly
related to Soviet aggression been accepted.
Military Programming
Films have been the major vehicle of US1S programs

aimed at the military audience. Anti-communist films have
been included in programs supplied both through the USIS fiL-n
libraries and through the mobile unit operation. Projectors
have been lent to military unite, several Iranian army trucke
were outfitted aa mobile unite, and soldiers have been trained
as projectionists.
N1111011188
Box297
-eeNneetfin DOC: 092
Page 39 of 64
" UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
Plane for FY 1963 include the prodtiction of a 15-minute

'weekly radio series designed to popularize the new civio
action programs of the Iranian armed forces. The eeriee.
supporting U. S. military miseion objectives, will alao highlight
those aspects of military service which provide educational
and training advantages to the ordinary soldier. Another planned
radio series on aviation will recognize the efforts of the Irsniau
Air Force.
Afohanistan
The Agency'a film production in Afghanistan, now in its

fifth year, has minimized USSR influence on the Royal
Government of Afghanistan (ROA) in both the visual and
narrattve content of Dime issued by the RDA.
The government dons not yet have trained technicians

or means of producing its own films. The al/Alignment of a
USIS Motion Picture Officer to the Government Press Department
resulte in a cooperative effort in eubject and content eelection.
This providee USIA with an opportunity to influence the
production of films that will assist U. S. cbjectives in Afghanistan.
Sinco 1957, thirty-five films havo been completed.

Subjecte have included Afghanistan's progress towa.rd
industrialization, water and soil conservation, foreign aid, ••
YIP visits to Afghanistan, and both internal and foreign visits
by Afghan officials. Film distribution is exclusively through
the Afghan Government.
. The purpose of films ie 1) to acquaint Afghano with their

government leaders andtheir efforts to bring'nbetter way af
life to the people and to maintain the country's independence;
2,) to show evidence of U. S. intereat in the government's
program of development; and 3) to publicize U. S. assistance .
to Afghanistan.
NND 011188
Box 297
• DOC: #592
CONFIDENTIAL Page 40 of 64

WASHINGTON
-09NinfletfilIstr
F. LATLI AMERICA
Agency programs in Latin Almeria& eupport the Alliance

for Progress and portray the dangere of communism to the
aspirations of the people in the area. •
Dominican Republic
Ws are assisting in the prograrn of citizenship education.

in collaboration with the Dominican Government, to prepare
the people for the natidnal elections in December, 19-6Z.
The Iviinistry of Education ia choosing 100 teachers who.

_after intensified training in August, can instruct community
leaders throughout the country. The community leaders.
whose own instruction will start in September. Will in turn
instruct the members of their communitiee. The process ie
to be completed prior to the elections. Instruction will cover
one contept per week. AID will provide funds ancl USIA will
develop publicity materials tgi support the education program.
USIA materials will be on the themes: "You and your

government." novx responeibilities aa a citizen," "You and
your political party," "Your rigbta ae a human being." "Your
government and free economy." and "Your elections." They
will be unattributed.
The Agency began .by developing booklets in cartoon

forinat on each theme, and ie using the cartoon booklets as
the basis for motion picture cartoons, TV puppet shows, and
radio spots. Each mediudii will present all of the concepta
NND 011188
—Gel+PEDENITAL— Box 297
DOC: 4392
Page 41 of 64
-GONFEBEterfitb
- 2 -
involved, for the Agency doee 110t expect everyone to see

or hear all of the products.
' The new materials being developed for the Ministry's

uee deal with the ideas involved in each theme without tying
them to any particular country. The Agency plana to use
them wherever poseible in Latin America aa soon as it can
do ao without jeapordieing the Dominican project.
Community Centers
In 1960, a comniunity center was established with USIS •

holp in Barrio Ouiroga, a working class district in Bogota,
called the Colombian-American Community Center. USIS Bogota
'suggested it, community leadere and the parish priest endoreed
it and the people of the community accepted responsibility for
it. The Colombian Government's Social Security Inatitute
provided a building which wae refurbished by interested families.
A collection of books in Spanieh and Englieh furnished by USIS
became the first lending library in Bogota where worldng claes
people could borrow booke. American business inetitutione
provid.ed Colombian and U. S. magazine subscription for the
center'a library. Remington Rand provlded ueed typewriters
for typing and secretarial claeaee. and Singer Sewing Machine
gave free instruction to teachers. The CARE mission provided
eewing machines and (Torte equipment.
The center ia directed and operated hy tho member

families of the community. Support cornea from membership
dues, fees for classes, bazaar') and dances, and initial limited
backing by USIS. During the firet year of operation, 600 families
became members. In addition to educational programs, .the
members formed athletic teame. USIS helps the membere bring
outstanding personalities in Colombia to perform or lecture
in art, music, drama. labor, business, goverement, foreign
affairs, and education. Americana participate in round-table
diecussione with labor leaders aid univereity students.
Travelling groups under the President's cultu.ral presentations
program have performed before thousande. Glasses in English
are pOpular.
NND OII188
Box 297
DOC: #592
—eenertaBN-Tbicb- Page 42 of 64
•
-eetineetfrtitb-
3.
University etudents ia Quiroga, after being expoeed '

to a community center, adapted the American Peace Corpe
idea to their own community needa. Evening classes for
adulte with limited educational backgrounde are offered at
the center by theee young Colombian university volunteers.
Tbe idea hae spread and four univereity groups totalling more
than 150 students have started similar projects in the poorer
sections of Bogota.
The eetablishment of a rural community center at Tobia.

Colombia, a town of 2, 000 inhabitants serving an area composed
of 80. 000 ca.mpesinon, resulted from the planting of the community
development seed by a young university law atudent active at
Quiroga. Only two months after the center's openizig 200
families had paid their membership dues and were using the
center's brick-making machine, cattle vaccination equipment,
sowing machinee, library, and sports equipment.
The well publicised succese at Quiroga has etimulated

the establishment of additional community centers with the
collaboration of USIS. At Palmira, (a ctty of 12. 000 people
located 400 miles from Bogota in a region where armed violence
and social conditions have spawned Coranauniet activity) a center
on the Quiroga model wae eetablished in November, 1961. The
building of tbe center was donated by a North American business
firm, and tha project received over $2, 000 in donations from
other local American and Colombian sources.
Interest generated by both Quiroga and Palmira hae

caused tha people of Popayan. a city of 70, 000, to aek for
coOperation in eatablishing a similar center. Tbe Governor
of the state has offered a building and its renovation costa.
.After observing the Quiroga project several American oil
companies in Colombia have set aside money and included
in their labor contracts provision for the establishment of
community centers for their workers.
Another outgrowth of the Quiroga experiment wae the-

efitablishment of a rural community center 75 miles north
of Bogota. It waa initiated by university etudenta living there
who had participated in the Quiroga project. This relatively
NND 011188
Box 297
CONFIDENTIAL DOC: 8592
Page 43 of 64
- 4 -
'poor community, through a civic action committee, reload

11.000 pesos ($1,300) to purchane building materials and equip
the center. USIS representativee and two Peace Corps
volunteers are giving Desistance to the center'e eoclal and
cultural programs. Included in theee activities are literacy
training, some vocational-typo training and the distribution
of pamphlets. Books have been provided by USIS for a small
library and the center expanded into two additional buildings
provided free by local citizens. U. S. and Colombian bueinese
firms are cooperating in providing material aseistance.
Student Affair a
To establish cloeer contact with student groups, USIS

haa aesigned 26 Student Affairs Moore to poata in Latin
.America. Tbey work cloaely with univereity students,
particularly the leaders, on a persona bade. As with all other
USIS personnel, they act aa cha.nnels for materials and
information on the U. S. and ite objectives.
Labor Information
Nine Labor Information Officers have been assigned to

posts in Latin America. Thoae officers maintain contact
witb the metropolitan and labor preaa, labor leadere. government
officials and other persona or organisatbne concerned with tbe
labor movement. They edit Spanish-language labor pamphlets,
boohlete, newe bulletins and news releases; assist the Spanish-
language film program, facilitating the showing of films to
labor groupe; and aid in the establishrnent of labor educational
proirarns. consisting of labor educational samina.rs, basic
booka, pamphlets, films and other materials. They also place
labor material on radio and TV newe programs.
In Venezuela the democratic labor movement recently

inaugurated a series of labor seminars. using the USIS Caracas
bi-monthly labor publication, Carta Obrera, and USIS books on
bailie labor subjects as text.rnaterial.
NND 011188
coraIDENTIAL Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 44 of 64
r' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-Cetlinerristli*L-
- 5-
A USIS Spanish-language pamphlet. The Labor Leader

ae Community Leader. distributed in San Salvador ie now boing , •
used by a local trade union as a training document.
In Valencia. Venezuela, democratic elements challenged

long-held communist control of 811 important local union,
applying parliamentary procedures set forth in the USIS
publication. Garta Obrora. The challenge eparked a chain
reaction against cornmtmist leadership. resulting in a victory •
for democratic forcee.
Educational TV in Guatemala
USIS Guatemala has assisted the local governmentin •

organising an extensive educational teleVision program to
reach atudenta. teachers and the general public. The program
has drawn together some 70 outstanding Guatemalans from
education, the arte, literature and government.
The programs are identUied and accepted locally ae

specific contribution(' to the education goals of tho .Alliance
for Progress. The Guatemala AID office furnishes several
full time specialists and other part-time help, including
preparation of all the teaching materiale needed. Fauatemalan
teachers contribute their time and services free and the
commercial television station donates time and facilities.
Prominent U. S. busineeenien and a number of prominent
Guatemalans /Eve become interested in the project and are
currently vrorldng on long-range plane for an expanded prograrn.
' During the recent political troublee in Guatemala, there •

was no interruption of these programs. Although four teacher
training institutions using the (service were on etrike. the etrike
was "euepended" for the duration of each program and then
resuxned. Schools not originally provided with receivers are
buyiog their own.
The U. S. Nlilitary Mission, working with the Guatemalan

Ariny. hae recently requested USIS assistance in strengthening
'the milita.ry civic action prograrna through use of these TV
materials. The films would be uaed in telecaats to training
centers and also for regular 16 mm showinga througbout
,the country. • NND 0111811
Box 297
—GeNPIDEitTlak= DOC: #592
Page 45 of 64
-seHriDZIPP12%- •
- 6-
Cartoon Booklets
The Agency haa developed cartoon booklets to present

both the drawbacks of the Communist system and the advantages
of the Western democratic processes to the people of Latin
America.
The booklets depicting the disadvantages of Communism

are designed to show in simple, dramatiC stories, the falacies
of the Communist, and specifically Cuban, propaganda. Sta.rting
laet year. we have produced eix of themi
El Despertar documents Cuba's phony la.nd reform.
La Tralcion deplcts the Coannuntat taice-over of Cuban

labor uniona, shows the coneequences. and serves as a warning
to labor uniona throughout the hemiaphere.
La Eetafa deecribes the Communiot take-aver of Cuban uni-

versities and the results.
La Punaladaahows church aupprossion in Cuba.
Loa Secuestradores describe!) the mannerist whieh

Covr.inuniete capture the minds ot mall children in Cuba anrl
shape them to have no respect for Latin American traditions
of decency and fancily love.
La iviordaza tells the eery of the Co:um-nutlet take-over of

Cnba'e press, showing the manner in which it controle aad
ctistorts the information th.at reaches the public.
Private'organizatione i.ei Meltieo and Costa Rica have

used USIA plates to produce copies of the four beoklets ao fax
distributed and newspapere in Colombia and Veneauela have
serialized the first two.
Total production by. USIA and private groups has reached

i0O copies.•
NND 011188
Box 297 .
-Ge*Pi-Ettnt DOC: #592
Page 46 of 64
•
CONFIDENTIAL
- 7 -
Private citizens have alao produced 100, bop copies of

the Agency'e cartoon booklet on the Alliance for Progress,
and the Agencyhai printed and distributed 804, 500 copies.
The Agency ia now producing a special booklet oa the theme
for Latin America labor unions. Aliso in production are two
booklets that will show Puerto Rico's success with Operation
Bootstrap.
Reaching Interior Poyulations
1 In recognition of tile growing insurgency potential in

rnral and small urban centers in Lattn AmeriCa. we are
increasing our efforte arnong their populations.
A special effort is being made to reach the major non-

Spaniah speaking Indian groups of Latin America. These include
the millions who speak Quechua in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador,
the Aymara language la Bolivia and Peru, Guarani in Paraguay.
and Quiche and Mom in Guatemala.
USIS le worldng with local radio etations to provide

programs in all of thee() languagea and is expanding program
time an mucb as possible. WS try to aseociate the aspirations
of the Indian populatione with tho aima of the Alliance for
Progress. ./
The distribution of pamphlete to intertor populations is

being increased throughout the area.
Our local preen operations are increasing placement in

Lunen town newepapere and USIS motion picture showings are
being increased in theae areas.
Eight new USIS branch posts were opened in LatinAmerica

during FY '62 and ten additional center's are plannedlor Fy . 63.
Fans additional reading rooms and 14 additional bi-national
centers are being opened. • Eight additional American personnel
are going to provincial poets this year.
NND 011188
cON8InFIdTIAL Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 47 of 64
. • •
•
coza am.r...0111CV
- 8-
Special Channels
Through a long-standing contact with the Special Branch

of Argentina Intelligence charged with combatting Communism,
USIS-Buenoo Aires has access to Army channels of distribution
for unattributed anti-Communist pamphlets and for placement
of 'otherwiae hard-to-handle radio and television programs.
AU viz of the Agency's cartoon books on Cuba wore distributed
in large quantity in this manner, as was the 39-part television
serial "I Led Three Lives." and tite hour-long program on Cuba.
"Revolution Bet rayed," which wee telecast over a Buenos Aires
station at the height of the pro-Caetro demonstration last year.
The arrangement aleo provides for.the showing of anti-
Communiet films to officers and men of army detachments,
to defense plant workers, and civilian employees in Donative
areas of the Government.
Through the U. S. Military Attache, USIS Asuncion

distributee booka and pamphlets to key Paraguayan military
officials and supPliee eimilar material in bulk for the small
garriaon reading rooms that are ecattered ovor the country.
NND 011188
Box 297
T DOC: 092
page 48 of 64
U.S. Information Agency

Training, Course: Current
Problems in Developing Areas
July 1962
SYLLABUS
First Week
Monday, July16 Opening Remarks The Director
9:10 AM
AIMS of the course:
1. To define U.S. foreign policy in terms of

the new dimensions of conflict within transitional
societies eoarching for political expression. economic
and social betterment, and national security;
2. To explain USIA's role in the areas of conflict,

its responsibilities ands.the possible risks it may incur;
and
3. To otimulate initiative in planning and executing

effective programs in these areas.
SCOPE of tho course:
1. • An examination of the probleme of "modernize-

• tion" in newly.developing countries, the sources of
change, and the dynamics of change ae a source of
insurgency.
2. The definition of insurgency in the context of

this couree and a discussion of i's nature and its effect
on potentially dissident elements.
NND OM
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 49 of64
-2-
The identification of diesident elements.
4. A review of the international apparatue and

objectives Of communism.
5. An examination of Conununist tactice for

exploiting ineurgency movements.
6. A discuseion of the rola and in foreign relation-

ships of various agencies at home and abroad. includ-
ing USIA. alone and jointly with other interested
'groups in policy-directed action.
7. -An examination of USIA capabilities and re-

sources for fulfilling its counterinsurgency mission.
with particular reference to program objectivee,
target group analyses. political communications
techniquee. and psychological operations.
S. Case studies of USIA experiences in them

areas ae a background for-improved programming.
9:30 AM
The Dimensione of the Conflict
An analyeie of the modernization process fa .

developing countriee - whether newly .emerging or ill a
more adVanced stage of transition. The political,
social, economic, and psychological aspects of
znodernisatio12 ae they atfeat world affairs in general
and the United Statee in particular.
The sources of change in a traditional society:

contact with the West, colonial rule, conflicts between
elite and lower clasees, and the interrelation of theee
conflicts with the colonial after-image and Communist
exploitation of local attitudea and grievancee. The
significance of change to the balance of power in the
world. Tho dynamics of change as a cource of in-
surgency.
NND 011111$
Dox 297
DOC: 4592
Page 50 of 64
ffil UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
c.
•
73-
10:30 AM BREAK
10:50 AM
The Nature of Insurgency
A definition of inourgency - "good" and "bad",

focusing on the subversive characteristics <A in-
surgency which are inimical to the interests of the
Free World. A discussion of the !social. political,
and eCorlOMIC forces which engender or contribute
to tensions leading to insurgency. How these
tensions bring a nation to a critical etage in the
modernization procese which may result in insur.
gency,
The role of nationalism and other characteristic

political aspirations and psychological attitudes in
motivating insurgency. The stages of development,
leading to guerrilla warfare. The psychological im-
pact of insurgency on the people. The opportunities
for exploitation. either for aelf-interest or ideology.
The areas of the world today where insurgency is

active or imminent.
10:30 AM BREAK
10:50 AM Continuation and 0-and-A
Wednesday, JulyI8
9:10 AM
International Commit:darn
A review of the International Communist Move-

ment its apparatus, beginning with the CPSU; its party
NND 0[1188
Box 297
DOC: 5592
Page 51 of 64
Elm' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018'
-4-
elite and local Party leadership and their methoda

for reaching intellectual, political, and aocial
groupa and organisations. At thia propaganda level
the purpose is to recruit and maintain a corps of
activiat cadres and ayrupathizere. At the agita-
tion level, the methods of local Communist Parties
and Communist-front organisations to create action
Ouch as demonstrations. proteata, etc., are dis-
cussed.
The relationebip between the CPS1.1 and Communiet

parties in other countries.
World-wide Communist objectives and timetable

for accomplishment.
10:30 AM BREAK
10:50 AM Continuation and Q-and-A
. Thursday. July 19
9:10 AM
Communist Tactics
discusaion on Communist tactics for influencing

the direction of modernizatims with special emphasis
on Coznmunist propaganda techniques. Commtmist
means of dealing with the people'e stapirations for the
future and the appeal of COMIZInglista to them. An ex-
amination of Communist targete and objectives and the
propaganda themes employed in developing countriea
to further these objectives.
The problem of identifying Communist involvement

in apparently national insurgency movements and the
effect of such involvement on U. S. interests in the
affected area.
1IND 011188
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 52 of 64
UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of Starte \Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-5-
Communist method() for making use of student

groupsand the youth sectors of society to establish
cadres for social dislocation and political unrest.
Concrete examples of how particular youth events
and programs have been conducted and/or taken ovor
by the Communists. •
10:30 AM BREAK (
10:50 AM Continuation and Q-and-A
Friday, July 20
9:10 AM
Tho U.S. Response
U. S. policy, or doctrine, affecting the U. S.

response to critical situations involving insurgency.
The principles governing Govermnent organioation
and coordination for dealing with these situations.
U. S. Mission programs abroad at the Country Toam/
Task Force ]evel and the corresponding teams in
'Washington. The coordination of U. S. department
and agency efforts in their relations with the govern-
ment and the affected target iroupe withIn tbo host
country. •
The totality of the U. S. response including

participation by the American people generally and
certain non-government groups specifically. The
effect of American public opinion on policy-making.
10:30 A.M BREAK'
10:50 AM
•
Implementation
The role of each of the five primary U. S.

agencies and departments, with opecial reference
NND011188
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 53 of 64
`" UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
.6-
to tho peychological factor in their respective

programa.
Panel discussion led by USIA with repro-

aentatives from State, Defense, CIA, and AID.
Second Week
Monday, July 23
9:10 AM
Programming for Sensitive Areas
How the tasko, targets. techniques, and thernee

may chaage frozn a cultural-information operation to
one designed for immediate political effect. The polo
of attitude-research pit:dies in policy determination ae
well as in program planning. A description of USIS
programming leading to political action, taldng into
account psychological factors in the procese of moderni-
zation; the significance of the origins of attitudes; and
the motivating forces at work in various elements of
the society which may poee an 'internal threat end be
vulnerable to Communist exploitation, Problems of
revising a Country P1an with emphazsis on ehort7term
propaganda campaigns.
The role of USIS in seeking psychological-impact

opportunities for Couistrr-Team.exploitation; USIS
leadership in developing joint operations directed to
thie end. involving not only other U. S. renources,
but also, where feasible, the host government's own
information services; description of the USIS role in.
support of otber U. S. agenciee and collaboration with
them in developing propaganda programa to fit specific
political-action eflorte.
Consideration of the content of USIS output in the

light of these propaganda objectives. •
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: 0592
Page 54 of 64
NNE UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
-7-
- 10:30 AM BRE.AK
10350 AM Continuation and a-and..A
Tuesday. July 24 to Friday, July 27
Case Studies
Description, with illustrations ae available, of

the program planning and operations engaged in by
USIS posts in eituatione of imMinent or active in.
eurgency.
Tuesday. July Z4
9:10 Ahl Greece
10:30 BREAK
10:50 Viet-Nam
Wednesday, July Z5
• 9:10 Thailand
10:30 BREA.K
10:50 The COngo
Thursday, July 26
'9:10 Venezuela
10:30 BREAK
10:50 chile
Friday. July 27
9:10 Philippines NM:0011MS

Box 29'1 •
DOC: #592
10:30 BREAK Page 55 of 64
10:50 Discussion of the courae
•
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MATERIALS AVAILABLE
IN THE USIA LIBR.ARIES
FOR USE IN THE COURSE: "ThE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING

NATIONS."
PERIODICALS
The .ANNALS (of the Amer. Academy of Pol. & Soc. Sci.)
March, 1961
May, 1962
ARMY magazine (reprint), March 1962
CURRENT DIGEST OF THE SOVIET PRESS. .May 16, 196Z
U. S. DEPT. OF STATE BULLETIN

June 12, 1961
Aug, 7. 1961
B OOKS
(Available in multiple copies)
Au.thor & Title
Cleveland, Harlan
The overseas Americans.
/-
'Condit, D. b.i.
Case study ia guerrilla warfare: Greece during orld War It
Crozier. Brian
Rebels.
Council on Foreign Relations

:Social change in Latin America scglay.
Ebensteln.
Today's "isms": cora:nu:item, fascia:a, socialism. NND 0111118
capitalism. 3d. ed. Box 297
DOC: 6592
Page 56 of 64
°-• UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State 'Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
- -
Author & Title
Jackson, Barbara (Ward)

The rich natione & the poor nations.
Mao, Tse-tung
On guerrilla warfare.
Milliken, M.F. 1
Emerging nations: their growth & U. S. policy.
Oaanka, Franklin M., ed.

Modern guerrilla warfare.
Pye. Lucian
Guerrilla communism in Malaya.
Schramm, Wilbur
Maae cormnunication a.
1
Seton-Wataon, Hugh
Neither war nor peace.
Strausa-Hupe, Robert
Protracted conflict:
Tanham, George K.
Communist revolutionary warfare: the Viet M.inh in
Indochina.
Nair, Kusum
• Bioneorns in the dust.
OTHER BOOKS
Masa communications, propaganda and psychological warfare
Author & title
Byfield, Robert Sigmund

' The fifth weapon; notes on the Kremlin's concept of total
coordination of ell weapons. •
c
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: #5n
Page 57 of 64
•
- 3 *-
Author & title •
Carroll, Wallace
Persuade or perish,
Daugherty. William E., comp.

A psychplogical warfare casebook.
DeFleur, Iv!elvin Lawrence.

The flow of information; an experiment in mains communication.
Disard. Wilson P.
The strategy of truth; the etory of the U. S. Information Service.
Dyer. Murray
The weapon on the wall; rethinking psychological warfare.
Emery. Edwin, & others

Introduction to mass communications.
Fraser, 4indley
Propaganda.
Grothe, Pete
To win the minds of /nen; the etory of -the communist
propaganda war in East Germany.
Harter, Donald L. & J. Sullivan

\ Propaganda handbook.
Holt. Robert T. & R. W. van de Velde

Strategic psychological operations & American foreign policy.
Huang. & Men Ying-leu

Paychological warfare; theories & application.
Linebarger, Paul M. A.
Psychological warfare. 2d ed.
Martin, Leslie John .

international propaganda; its legal & diplomatic control.
NND 011188
Box 297
DOC:4592
Page 58 of 64
• 4•
Author & title
Nemzer. Louis
Basic patterna of political & propaganda operations in the
Soviet armed forces.
Releky-Dubnic. Vladimir
'Communist propaganda methods; a case etudy on
Czechoslovakia.
Schramm. Wilbur Lang

Responsibility in mass comrnunicatiou.
The process lc effect of mass communication.
Stephens, Oren
Facte to a candid world: America's overseas information
program.
Summers. Rol3ert Edward, ed.

America's weapons of paycholugical warfare.
Szunyogh, Bela
Psychological warfare; an introduction to ideological
propaganda at the techniques of psychological warfare.
rev. ed.
Thomson, 03a.rles A. H.
Overseas information servico o.f the U. S. Government.
U. S. Dept. of the Array

Psychological 'warfare operatione.
U. S. I. A. and the Institute of Communications Research.

Univ. of W.
Four working papers on propaganda theory.
Whitaker, Urban George, ed.

'Propaganda gi international relations.
NND 0111811
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 59 064
4°' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
- -
Bibliography
American .Univ., Waahington. Spec. Optns. Rae. Off.

A psychological operations bibliography.
Guorrillaa and guerrilla warfare
Author & title
Dixon, Cecil Aubrey

Communist guerrilla warfare.
Bernard Z.
Street without joy; Indochina at war, 1946-54.
Guevara. Ernesto
Guerrilla warfare.
Heilbrunn. Otto
Partisan warfare.
The Soviet aecret services.
Howell, Edgar M.
The Soviet partisan movement, 1941-1944.
Miller, Harry
The communist menace. in Malaya.
Paret, Peter & John W. Shy

Guerrillas in the 196G 1e.
Scaff, Alvin H.
The Philippine anawer to communism.
Bibliographies
. American Univ., Viashington. Spec. Optna. Reo. Off.

A selected bibliography on unconventional warfare. Part 1.
Unconventional warfare, an interim bibliography. NND011188

Box 297
DOC: *592 )
Page 60 of 64
- 6 -
Tactical ( U. S. )
U. S. Army Office of Information

Special warfare; an army specialty.
•
Tactical (Chineee Communist)
Chu, Te
The battle front of the liberated areas. 2d. e . Peking.
. .For. Laag. Press. 1955
Lin, Piao •
March ahead under the red flag of the party's general line
and U•ao Tse-tung's'ruilltary thinking. Peking, For. Lang.
Press, 1959.
•Mao, Tee-tung
On methods of leadership. 2d. ed. Peking, For. Lang.
Press, 1960.
On'people's democratic dictatorship. 7th ed. Peking,

For. Lang. Press. 1959.
On the protracted war. Zd ed. Peking, Fur. Lang. Press. 1960.
Oa the tactics of fighting Japanese Peking,

For. Lang. Press, 1953.
The policies, measures & perspectives of combating

Japanese invasion. Pekin, .For. Lang.• Prose. 1954.
Problems of war & strategy. 2ci. ed. Peldng, For. Lang.

Press. 1960.
Questions of tactics in the present hnti-Japanese united front;

on policy. Peking, For. Lang. Press. 1954.
IIND011188 The *situation of the anti-Japanese war after the fall of Shanghai
Box29'7 & Talyuan & our tasks. 2d.' ed. Peking. For. Lang. Press. 1960.
DOC: 4592
Page 61 of 64
•' UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
Strategic problems in the anti-Japanese guerrilla war.

Zd. ed. Peking, For. Lang.. Prase.
Strategic problems. of China's revolutionary war. Peking,

For. Lang. Press, 1954.
OTHER PERIODICALS
Periodical • Article
AMERICAN SCHOLAR
Summer 1962 Zawodny. J. K.
"Unconventional warfare"
• A. I. D. DIGEST
June 1962 Galbraith, John K.
"The non-affluent eociety"
Goldman. Eric, Pau1 Hoffman ae

Barbara Ward ,
"An open mind on foreign aid!'
AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST

June 196Z 13 articles on:
"Social research in SE .Aeia"
r--
COMMONWEALTH SUR.VEY
June 5, 196t "Nigerial national development plan"
"Future of Uganda"
FOREIGN AFFAIR3
July 1962 Bowles, Chester
"Is Communist ideology becoming
irrelevant "
Cartoff, Raymond
"Unconventional warfare tn
Communiat strategy"
FOR.EIGN SERVICE: JOUMAL

July 1962 Johnson. U., Alexia
"Internal defense in the Foreign
Service" NND 011188
Box 297
DOC: f1592
Page 62 of 64
•
• UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
- 8-
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW

May 1962 Harbison. Frederick A.
• "Human resources development
planning in modernising economics"
MILITARY REVIEW
July 1960 Zacharakie, (L.t. Col: ) E. E.
• • "Lessons lea.rned from anti-guerilla
war in Greece
April 1962 • Nilsman, Roger

"Internal war: the new Communist
tacti c"
NEW LEADER
June 25, 1962 Fischer, Louis
"A cold war deterrent"
NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE

April 8, 1962 Rose, .7erry A.'
"The peasant is the key to Vietnam"
POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTER.LY

June 1962 King, Robert W.
"Communism, a self-limiting political
order"
Tannenbaum. F rank
"Castro and eocial change"
/ REPORTER
June 7. 1962 "The politica of foreign aid: faith,
hope, or. charity I "
"The front lines in Asia"
U. S. NEN8S AND WORLD REPORT

June 11, 1962 "Red war in Southeaet Asia: an
eyewitness account"
VITAL SPEECHES
June 1. 1962 Paarlberg, Donald
"Food for peace: bane or boon to
the economy of other nations.'"
NNB011188
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 63 of 64
`61 UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018
- 9-
•
WESTERN POLITICAL QUARTERLY
June 1962 Fryman, Lewis A., Jr.
"LearnIng political values"
Moore, Joan W.
"Social dePrivation and advaatag®
as sources of political values"
NND OIII88
Box 297
DOC: #592
Page 64 of 64
3" UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No. C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018

DOCUMENTS Litigation Dec2018 F-2019-01945 DOC 0C06686587 C06686587

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DOCUMENTS Litigation Dec2018 F-2019-01945 DOC 0C06686587 C06686587

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2019-01945 Doc No.

C06686587 Date: 12/11/2018

UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY ifd •( )- V , 7

Counterinsurgency Programs and Plans

The Agency's baaic program presents and interprets U.S.

We have miasions in all tbe developing countries.

SPECIFIC ACTIONS - January 20, 1961 to date

The Country Pelle Affairs Officer in Wiet*Nam vas-

The Agency readjusted ita research and reference

The Office of the Agency's Depnty Director (Policy'

Country Pdblic Affairs Officers led end coordinated

The Agency has provided support to the psychological

participated im a mobile civic action program (Mnong prOgram) •

, In Thailand, ve assigned USIA Information °Mem to

In Viet-Nem, Laos,. Guatemala, Ciprus and Iran ve

In Agrica, ve elso aesisted sandbar of governdents

In Iran, at the request of the Department of Publica-

In Afghanietan, tinders Special Films Program vhich

, In .the Dominican Republic, special materialS for radio,

In order better to reach and influence youth and labor

We have assieted in the development of a pilot community

The Agency has produce& special materiels to counter

To aseist in imprrring tbe prestige of foreign heads of

The Agency vill continue its tvo.odeek course on the Current

We vill assure that all officers assigned to countries under

We will place greater emphasis on research in communications

Our Country FUblic Adftirs Officers vill execute the psycholo-

itEPORT COUNTIfiUNSUROENCY AND PLANS

UI Etesearch on Conuannicationa and Altitudes

IV Programs and Operations

Tab . Bibliography for Training Course

CD14 rtuz NTIAL NND 011188.

UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY

REPORT ON COUNTERINSURGENCY PROGRAMS AND PLANS

The Agency haa instituted a two.week training course

In addition to lecturers and panel participants from .

The Agency aosigned eleven officers to the first F5I

of their post of assignment. Two officere will be assigned

We also aesigned three officers as students and OM

We have provided lecturera to the training courses

The Country Public Affairs Officer in Viet•Nam was

Significant elements of the Agency's 'special counter-

-eeNrteettrhai NND 011188

training courses of the Agency. The Agency intends that

U. ORGANIZATION FOR COUNTERINSURGENCY

The Office of the-Agency's Deputy Director (Policy and

The Agency's Training Division wilkconduct training

In addition to these officers who are spending con-

Overseas. the Country Public Affairs Officer will

Plane and execute the (JSIA portion of the program

UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY

III. RESEARCH ON COMMUNICATIONS AND ATTITUDES

The Agency is readjneting its reeearch activities

In South Viet-Nam, where the Problem is most acute,

USIS Saigon has negettated a tentative agreement

One of the teaks of reuearch ie to identify potential

. Ae part of the basic communicationo reeearch effort,

Thailand etanda to learn from the les:lone in South

USIA reeearch activities in this area began with a

USIA le also currently engaged in a systematic in-

In an effort to check and reduce any ineurgent senti-

Dieaffection leading to insurrection and violence often

c;014FIDENTIAL NND 011188