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Lca Lab 13
Lca Lab 13
Objectives:
The objective of this experiment is to analyze and verify the Maximum power transfer
theorem.
Rubrics
Performance Lab Report
THEORY:
An RLC circuit (or LCR circuit) is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor,
and a capacitor, connected in series or in parallel. The RLC part of the name is due to those
letters being the usual electrical symbols for resistance, inductance and capacitance
respectively. The circuit forms a harmonic oscillator for current and will resonate in just the
same way as an LC circuit will. The difference that the presence of the resistor makes is that
any oscillation induced in the circuit will die away over time if it is not kept going by a
source. This effect of the resistor is called damping. Some resistance is unavoidable in real
circuits, even if a resistor is not specifically included as a component. A pure LC circuit is an
ideal which really only exists in theory.
The analysis of a series RLC circuit is the same as that for the dual series RL and RC circuits
we looked at previously, except this time we need to take into account the magnitudes of
both XL and XC to find the overall circuit reactance. Series RLC circuits are classed as
second-order circuits because they contain two energy storage elements, an inductance L and
a capacitance C. Consider the RLC circuit below.
The series RLC circuit above has a single loop with the instantaneous current flowing
through the loop being the same for each circuit element. Since the inductive and capacitive
reactance’s XL and XC are a function of the supply frequency, the sinusoidal response of a
series RLC circuit will therefore vary with frequency, ƒ. Then the individual voltage drops
across each circuit element of R, L and C element will be “out-of-phase” with each other as
defined by:
Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad
i(t) = Imax sin(ωt)
The instantaneous voltage across a pure resistor, VR is “in-phase” with current
The instantaneous voltage across a pure inductor, VL “leads” the current by 90o
The instantaneous voltage across a pure capacitor, VC “lags” the current by 90o
Therefore, VL and VC are 180o “out-of-phase” and in opposition to each other.
For the series RLC circuit above, this can be shown as:
The amplitude of the source voltage across all three components in a series RLC circuit is
made up of the three individual component voltages, VR, VL and VC with the current common
to all three components.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING:
AND
Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad
AND
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SIMULATION MODELING:
Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad
APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad
MEASURED VALUES
VT VR VL VC IT
CALCULATED VALUES
XL XC P Z Ø
CALCULATIONS:
PRECAUTIONS:
CONCLUSIONS:
In this lab, we have learnt about the CHARACTERISTICS OF RLC SERIES
AC CIRCUIT and also went for some experiments.We also simulate a circuit of this theorem in
proteous.