DAILY LESSON PLAN

Subject Title: Grade Level: Quarter: Duration: Date:

Introduction to
the Philosophy Grade 12 Quarter II 1 hour April 21, 2021
of the Human
Person

I. OBJECTIVE:
A. Content Standard
The learner understands the human person’s freedom.
B. Performance Standard
The learner shows situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the
consequences of choices.

C. Learning Competencies
5.1. Realize that “all actions have consequences.” (PPT12-IIa-5.1)

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the different concepts related to understanding of human freedom;
2. Explain the relationship between Human freedom and Obligation;
3. Distinguish “Human acts from Acts of Man”;
4. Appreciate the importance of evaluating your actions that you’ve made in
your life; and
5. Apply the concepts to hypothetical situations.

D. Content:
Topic: Freedom of the human person.
Values Integration: Understand human freedom follows with social and
legal responsibility.
Curriculum Integration:
Integration of ICT in delivering the entire lesson.
Integration of Philippine history on the declaration of the first
Philippine independence.
Integration of Supreme Court ruling in case of conflict with
the right to religion & right to education against “Flag
Salute Law”(R.A.1265)
GAD Concept:
Infuse the equal protection clause of the “Bill of Rights” (Article
III, of the 1987Philippine Constitution).
Promoting equality among men and women in terms of
class participation.

II.
III. LEARNING RESOURCES:
A. References
1. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/freedo
m
2. Freedom Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc.
3. Freedom - Wikipedia
4. 1987 Philippine Constitution
5. https://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno1265
.html#.YH03NXHivIU
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Oath_(Philippines)
7. https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1955/ra_1265_19
55.html#:~:text=1265&text=Be%20it%20enacted%20by%20th
e,of%20the%20Philippine%20National%20Anthem.
8. Case Digest: ROEL EBRALINAG v. DIVISION
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS OF CEBU (lawyerly.ph)
9. Philippine Case Digests Databank: Ebralinag, et al vs. Div.
Supt. of Schools of Cebu G.R. No. 95770, March 1, 1993
10. Republic Act No. 9160 (amlc.gov.ph)
11. (38) A Valuable Lesson For A Happier Life - YouTube
12. (38) Tear-Jerker Commercials Create Internet Challenge -
YouTube
13.
B. Learner’s Materials:
- 1987 Philippine Constitution
- Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815)
- R.A. 9160 (Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001)

C. Additional Materials: Powerpoint and video presentation

III: PROCEDURE:
Preliminary Activities
1. Greetings
2. Prayer
3. Checking of attendance

A. Presentation of the new lesson

Present to the class an image of the Philippine flag. Ask the class what
do they know about the image.

Then, the image of “Statue of the Liberty” of the U.S. Ask the class about
the connection/likeness of the two images.

Ask the students if they really understand the meaning of freedom.

 B. Motivation
Group Activity:
Group the class with number counting. Same number, same
group. Each group will build the jigsaw puzzle provided in each envelop.
And will be ask to use a word/s that best describe the image. They will
present it to the class using the “word/s” that they used to described the
image either through:
1. Hugot,
2. A line of song, or
3. A poet/riddle

Do the activity in a matter of 10 minutes and with additional 5

minutes for their presentation.

Follow up Questions:
1. How do you feel about the given activity?
2. What do you think is the significance of “freedom” in human’s
life?
3. Do you know some of your freedom that is guaranteed under
the 1987 Philippine Constitution? Can you name some of these
rights?

C. Development of the Lesson

Present and discuss freedom, obligations (integrate the basic

rights guaranteed by the 1987 Philippine Constitution and the UN Geneva Conventions
with some restrictions within our penal laws), human acts and acts of man trough a
power point presentation.
 FREEDOM

(noun)
-the condition or right of being able or allowed to do, say, think, etc. whatever
you want to, without being controlled or limited.

In Philosophy & religion:

- it is associated with having free will and being without undue or unjust constraints,
or enslavement, and is an idea closely tied with the concept of liberty. A person has the
freedom to do things that will not, in theory or in practice, be prevented by other forces.

Law & legal definition:

- Freedom is the state of being liberated or free. It can also be a political right.

Human freedom; human rights

The basic or fundamental rights guaranteed by the 1987 Philippine Constitution

are as follows but not limited to the following:

1. The right to due process of law and equal protection of the laws (Article III,
Section 1)
2. The right to public information (Article III, Section 7)
3. The right to religious belief and exercise (Article III,Section 5; International Bill
of Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as part of the
emergence of the United Nations (UN), The declaration was ratified by the UN
General Assembly on December 10, 1948))
4. The freedom of speech, of expression, or the press. (Article III, Section 4)
5. The right to education (Article XIV, Section 2 (2); International Bill of Rights,
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as part of the emergence of the
United Nations (UN), The declaration was ratified by the UN General Assembly
on December 10, 1948)
6. The right against excessive fines and excessive, cruel, degrading or
inhumane penalties. (Article III, Section 19 (1))

Some freedom/rights guaranteed by Some limitations/restrictions by our

the 1987 Philippine Constitution Penal Laws
-The right to due process of laws and As to due process of law:
equal protection of the laws. -In cases where the person is a wanted
person/fugitive.
-Violation of traffic rules and regulations

As to equal protection of law:

-Violation of R.A. 9160 (Anti-Money
Laundering Act of 2001)
-The right to public information. -Except information's that concerns with
our national defense/security. (crime

-The right to religious belief and
exercise.
-The freedom of speech, of expression,
or the press.
-The right to education
-The right against excessive fines and
excessive, cruel, degrading or inhumane
penalties.
against national security and the laws of
nations, such as espionage, treason…-
Book II, R.A. 3815)
- When the act is against the law, public
moral, custom or decency.
-libel, slander, obscenity, pornography,
sedition
-Provided that it comply with the school
-As to fine, it may increase if he/she is a
habitual or a recidivist offender.

Human freedom and responsibility

It is a settled principle growing out of the nature of well-ordered civil

societies that the exercise of those rights is not absolute for it may be so
regulated that it shall not be injurious to the equal enjoyment of others having
equal rights, nor injurious to the rights of the community or society…”[ Bayan v.
Ermita, G.R. No. 169838, 25 April 2006 citing Primicias v. Fugoso, 80 Phil. 71
(1948),.]

All rights recognized under the 1987 Philippine Constitution or even the
International law are all not absolute rights. It is subject to the limitations of our
existing laws.

Decided case; Fundamental rights vs Special Law:

(Ebralinag, et al. vs. The Division Superintendent of Schools of Cebu

GR Nos. 95770 and 95887 March 1, 1993)

Right to education & right to religious belief vs REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1265 (AN
ACT MAKING FLAG CEREMONY COMPULSORY IN ALL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS), & Department Order No. 8, Series of 1955, containing the rules and
regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony

FACTS OF THE CASE:

In 1993, sixty-eight students from the organization Jehovah's Witnesses
(JW) were expelled from a school in Cebu for their failure to salute the flag, sing the
Philippine National Anthem, and recite the patriotic oath.

A teacher in the same school, also a JW adherent was fired from her job
for the same offense. According to JW teachings, flag ceremonies, flag salutes,
and patriotic oaths are viewed as acts of worship or religious devotion, the latter
two of which they believe can only be rendered to God alone and not anyone
nor anything. The JW's consider the flag an image and honoring the flag idolatry.
 The case was brought to court wherein the Cebu Division Superintendent
argued that the students and the teacher violated Republic Act No. 1265, the law that
makes flag ceremony compulsory for all schools, citing the case of Gerona et al v.
Secretary of Education.
Superintendent also argued of separation of church and state (1987 Philippine
Constitution, Article II, Section 6), …and that giving JW's right to exemption disrupt
school discipline and demoralize the rest of the school population which by far
constitutes the great majority.( Gerona, et al. vs. Secretary of Education, et al., 106
Phil. 2 (1959) and Balbuna, et al. vs. Secretary of Education, 110 Phil. 150 (1960))

Petitioners stressed that while they do not take part in the compulsory flag
ceremony, they do not engage in ‘external acts’ or behavior that would offend their
countrymen who believe in expressing their love of country through observance of the
flag ceremony. They quietly stand at attention during the flag ceremony to show their
respect for the right of those who choose to participate in the solemn proceedings.
Since they do not engage in disruptive behavior, there is no warrant for their expulsion.

ISSUES:
Whether school children who are members of a religious sect known as
Jehovah's Witnesses may be expelled from school (both public and private), for
refusing, on account of their religious beliefs, to take part in the flag ceremony which
includes
1. playing (by a band) or singing the Philippine national anthem,
2. saluting the Philippine flag and
3. reciting the patriotic pledge.
Violation of R.A. No. 1265 and Department Order No. 8, series of 1955, has
been raised before this Court?

DECISION/RULING:
The Court ruled in favor of the expelled JW students and the fired JW teacher,
on the grounds that expulsion due to religious beliefs is invalid.
Religious freedom is a fundamental right (Article III, Section 5), which is entitled
to the highest priority and the amplest protection among human rights, for it involves
the relationship of man to his Creator.
The expulsion of the members of Jehovah’s Witness from the schools where
they are enrolled will violate their right as Philippine citizens, under the 1987
Constitution, to receive free education, for it is the duty of the state to ‘protect and
promote the right of all citizens to quality education, and to make such education
accessible to all (Art XIV, Section 1). Nevertheless, their right not to participate in the
Flag Ceremony does not give them a right to disrupt such patriotic exercises.
 D. Enrichment Activity
Video Presentation showing “Human Acts and Acts of Man”, in a
commercial called “Giving”.

Questions:
1. Is the child act a Human Act or Act of Man? Why?
2. How about the Man who paid for the medicine stole by the child?
Why?
Individual Activity
In 5 minutes, each student will answer the above questions after
the video presented. Then they will share their idea/answer in the class.

Elements that define freedom:

1. Voluntariness - the ability of a person to act of his or her own free will
and self-determination. A person may decide to do things or not to do it
according to his own free will.

- One must always remember that in every action we make, in every

choice we make there is an equivalent consequence. These consequences
affect not just the individual who does the decision but also other people in their
surroundings.

2. Responsibility - refers to the person being accountable for his or her

action and their consequences. Taking responsibility can mean either
you take responsibility to your doing voluntarily or other people will hold
you responsible.

Human Acts Acts of Human

1. The act must be deliberate (free will). 1. They are done indeliberately.
2. The act must be free. 2. The acts are not done freely.
3. The act must be voluntary. 3. The acts are done involuntarily.

E. Application/Performance Tasks

Activity: Our freedom, our responsibility

The students will be group through number counting, each group will be
given a sheet of manila paper and choose two scenarios to complete with the
following table below.
(Determine the possible consequences and obligations of the actions listed
below. You assume that intention and voluntariness existed in every happening.)
 Scenario number 1:
Patrick drove his car without registration and license.
Consequences Responsibility
1.
2.
3.

Scenario number 2:
Janzen entered in a no-label relationship.
Consequences Responsibility
1.
2.
3.

Scenario number 3:
Mark uses digital devices in finishing his studies.
Consequences Responsibility
1.
2.
3.

Scenario number 4:
Selma continuously supports her friend Georgia in flirting
someone else’s husband.
Consequences Responsibility
1.
2.
3.

Scenario number 5:
A student who got pregnant and opt to abortion
Consequences Responsibility
1.
2.
3.

PROCESSING QUESTIONS:

Answer the following questions based on how you answered the activity given.

1. What are your considerations for classifying the consequence of your action
as a positive one?
2. What are your considerations for classifying the consequence of your action
as a negative one?
3. What are your considerations in saying that you made a “best decision?”
 F. Generalization

The teacher will give the final lesson through the so called “ A jar of life”.

1. Jar - represents’ your life

2. Ping pong balls - Important things, such as your family, your education,
your friends, your health, your passions
3. Grains- other important things, but you can live without it. Such as new
shoes, new cellphone/gadget, car…
4. Sand - everything else or small stuff, of less important tasks, filler
activities that are not important. Such as playing video game, browsing
social media for more than an hour…
5. Liquid - In a jar of life, there is always a room for a coffee/refreshment
with a friend.

Questions:
1. What does the “jar” represents?
2. How about the ping pong balls, what do they represents in life?
3. How about the grains?
4. What does the fine sand represents?
5. Will it have the same result if the process will be done in its
reverse?
6. As an individual, what is the significance of being responsible in
decision making?
7. How will you practice it in your life as a student?

G. Assessment
Analyzing situations:

The teacher will give a short quiz. Read the following situations below.
How are you going to exercise your freedom more responsibly? Encircle the
letter that corresponds your answer. (If an answer sheet is provided, please
completely shade the circle next to the letter of your choice)

1. Your parents cautioned you about going out with friends or classmates
after school and that you should be home early to help out in the household
chores. But your best friends insisted that you will watch movies together and
they will pay for the meals and tickets. What is your take on this?

a. You are going to text your parents that you will be late in going home
because your friends invited you to a movie with free tickets and food.
b. You will text your parents that you will be late and make an alibi that there
is an activity in school.
c. You will ask your parents’ permission if you could go out with them to watch
movies.
d. You will decline the offer and go home directly after school.

2. Your grandmother asked you to withdraw her pension in the ATM. After
getting the cash, you saw those fashionable denim pants your friends wore
which you have also been dying to have and it is on 70% discounted sale.
Knowing your grandmother has sufficient savings in the bank, now is your
chance to own those attractive denim pants. What decision are you going to
make?

a. You will not give the transaction receipt to your grandmother and explain
that the machine ran out of transaction slips and then give her what
remains of the cash.
b. You will ask money from your grandmother and buy those fashionable
denim pants you have been dying to have.
c. You will buy those fashionable denim pants using your grandmother’s
pension and ask money from your parents to refurbish the withdrawn cash.
d. You will not buy those fashionable denim pants you have been dying to
have and give the full cash to your grandmother together with the
transaction receipts.

3. Your classmate borrowed the money which is supposed to pay your

dressmaker for your new uniform with the promise to return it the next day. But
more than one week has passed, still your classmate did not pay you and
worse ignored your pleas. She seems to have no plans of returning the money
back. What are you going to do?

a. You will take the matter to your own hands and create a scene that will
embarrass her in front of the class.
b. You will report this matter to your adviser so that she will promise to pay
you her due.
c. You will go to their house and tell her parents that she owed you money to
pay for your new uniform.
d. You will just ignore and forget about this matter and promise yourself that
she can never borrow money from you again.
4. You caught your little brother secretly taking money from your mother’s
wallet twice. You asked him the reason. He explained that the money he took
is to buy materials for their class project. What are you going to do?

a. You will report this incident to your mother and let your brother explain his
act to her himself.
b. You will not believe your brother’s story and punish him yourself
immediately.
c. You will announce to all your family members what your brother did so that
everyone will have the chance to judge him off his act.
d. You will give him last chance by not telling anyone especially your mother
of what he did if he will return the money back and promise to not be doing
it again.

5. You saw a classmate sleeping during your English subject. You are aware
that he works in a cafeteria in the evening and he looks really exhausted and
in a deep sleep. But you are also concerned that he should also participate
actively during class activities. What are you going to do then?

a. You will make a loud noise just to wake him up and tell him the class is
almost done.
b. You will report to the teacher that he is always sleeping during her class.
c. You will ignore him sleeping and give him your notes so that he can just
study it when he is already wide awake and ready to learn.
d. You will lead the class in carrying him until he will wake up, it will be fun.

KEY ANSWER
1. D.
2. D.
3. B.
4. D.
5. C.
 H. Assignment
Draw, sketch or make a collage of a scene or an object where it reflects
caution/care/prudence in decision-making or write down a line or two of a
song/poem where it talks about thoughtful or wise choice.

Rubrics for the activity

Relevance - 30%
Creativity - 30%
Originality/ inventiveness - 30%
Over-all Impact - 10 %
TOTAL =100%

Prepared by:

JOHN ERIC R. PEREGRINO

SHS Teacher II
Checked by:

ARLENE A. ABIANG, Ed.D.

Principal III