Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com

ScienceDirect
Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 489 – 493

7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\LQ(QJLQHHULQJ ,17(5(1* 

6WDWLVWLFDOFRQWUROVKDYHDVLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFHRQ1RQ4XDOLW\
&RVWV&DVHVVWXG\LQDFRPSDQ\WKRVHPDQXIDFWXULQJDOXPLQXP
FDVWLQJVFRPSRQHQWV
6RULQD0RLFD (OHQD5ăGXOHVFX
´3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\6WU1LFRODH,RUJDQU7DUJX0XUHV5RPDQLD

$EVWUDFW

7KHDLPRIWKLVSDSHULVWRSUHVHQWWKHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKH4XDOLW\&RVW &RVWRI&RQIRUPDQFH DQGWKH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVW


&RVWRI3RRU4XDOLW\ 7KHPDMRUREMHFWLYHRIHDFKSURGXFWLRQFRPSDQ\LVWRSURGXFHDGGHGYDOXHDQGWKLVLVSRVVLEOHLIWKH\
KDYHOLNHXOWLPDWHJRDOWKHUHGXFWLRQRIZDVWH4XDOLW\&RVWDUHGHVFULEHLQWKHVSHFLILFOLWHUDWXUHDVDQLFHEHUJWKDWFRQWDLQLQJD
FRQJORPHUDWLRQ RI ZDVWH DQG ZH FDQ VHH RQO\ D OLWWOH SDUW RI LW 8VXDOO\ ZKDW ZH FDQ VHH DUH D SDUW RI 1RQ 4XDOLW\ FRVW DV
UHMHFWLRQSDUWVDQGWKHFXVWRPHUUHWXUQVRURIILFLDOFODLPV7KLVLVWKHUHDVRQZHVWDUWRXUDQDO\VLVZLWKWKLVYDULDEOHVWKDWDUHWKH
PRVWLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQWRI1RQ4XDOLW\&RVW%HFDXVHWKHGHFUHDVHRI1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWLVSURSRUWLRQDOZLWKWKHLQFUHDVLQJRI
4XDOLW\ &RVW ZH FKRVH WR H[DQLPDWH WKH LQIOXHQFH RI LQWURGXFWLRQ 6WDWLVWLFDO &RQWURO LQ SURGXFWLRQ± &DWHJRULHV RI FRVW RI
&RQIRUPDQFH 3UHYHQWLRQ&RVW LQ1RQ4XDOLW\&RVW7KHDERYHVWXG\ZDVSHUIRUPHGLQPDQXIDFWXULQJDOXPLQXPFRPSRQHQWV
GXULQJQLQHWHHQPRQWKV7KHFROOHFWHGGDWDZDVWKHQDQDO\]HGZLWKDGHVFULSWLYHVWDWLVWLFVLQRUGHUWRVHHWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKH
TXDOLW\DQGQRQTXDOLW\FRVWV5HVXOWVDUHVKRZLQJWKDWWKH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWFDQEHLPSURYHLIZHLQWURGXFHLQSURGXFWLRQWKH
6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROWKDW¶VWKHUHDVRQZHSURSRVHWRSODQLQDGYDQFHWKLVTXDOLW\WRROVIRUDOOWKHSURFHVVRISURGXFWLRQ

‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9
© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI'HSDUWPHQWRI,QGXVWULDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DQDJHPHQW)DFXOW\RI
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Petru Maior University of Tirgu Mures.
(QJLQHHULQJ³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7vUJX0XUH‫܈‬

.H\ZRUGVTXDOLW\SURGXFWLRQFRVWVWDWLVWLFDOFRQWURO


&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO
(PDLODGGUHVVVRULQDPRLFD#\DKRRFRP

2212-0173 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Petru Maior University of Tirgu Mures.
doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.519
490 Sorina Moica and Elena Rădulescu / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 489 – 493

,QWURGXFWLRQ

1RQTXDOLW\FRVWVDUHFRVWRIIDLOXUHRIFRQWURODQGDUHGLYLGHGLQWZRPDLQJURXSV,QWHUQDOIDLOXUHFRVWV $ULVH
IURP GHIHFWV FDXJKW LQWHUQDOO\ DQG GHDOW ZLWK E\ GLVFDUGLQJ RU UHSDLULQJ WKH GHIHFWLYH LWHPV  DQG ([WHUQDO IDLOXUH
FRVWV $ULVHIURPGHIHFWVWKDWDFWXDOO\UHDFKFXVWRPHUV ,QRUGHUWRGHFUHHVWKLVFRVWZHQHHGWRLQYHVWLQSUHYHQWLRQ
2QHRIWKHLPSRUWDQWVWHSVWRGRWKLVLVWRDSSO\6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROLQSURGXFWLRQ
,Q WKH SDVW PDQXIDFWXULQJ GHSHQGHG RQ SURGXFWLRQ DQG TXDOLW\ FRQWURO ZDV UHVSRQVLEOH WR LQVSHFW WKH ILQDO
SURGXFWDQGHOLPLQDWHLWHPVWKDWGLGQRWPHHWVSHFLILFDWLRQV7KHVHFDVHVLQYROYHDGHWHFWLRQVWUDWHJ\WKDWLVZDVWHIXO
EHFDXVHLQYROYHVORVLQJWLPHDQGPDWHULDOVWKDWFDQEHLQYHVWHGLQSURGXFWVRUVHUYLFHV
7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHRIWKLVSDSHULVWRVHHWKHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHQRQTXDOLW\FRVWDQGWKHVWDWLVWLFDOSURFHVV
DSSOLHGLQDSURGXFWLYHVHFWRU:HUHDOL]HWKDWZHFDQUHGXFHQRQTXDOLW\FRVWLIZHLQWURGXFHLQFXUUHQWSURGXFWLRQ
PHWKRGVIRUREWDLQVWDWLVWLFDOUHVXOWVRIWKHSURFHVV7KLVUHVXOWVQHHGWREHDQDO\]HGDQGNHHSLQWKHSURFHVVOLPLWV

(PSLULFDOUHVHDUFK

2EMHFWLYHRIWKHSDSHU

7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKLVSDSHULVWRGHWHUPLQDWHWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROLQDQ
DOXPLQXPSURGXFWLRQSDUWVDQGWKHUHGXFWLRQRI1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWV
)RUJHWWLQJWKHH[SHFWHGUHVXOWVZHSURFHHGWRFROOHFWGDWDFRQFHUQLQJWKH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVW7KHGHIHFWVFDXJKW
LQWHUQDOO\DQGGHDOWZLWKE\GLVFDUGLQJRUUHSDLULQJWKHGHIHFWLYHLWHPVZDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWYDULDEOHSDUWRIWKH
1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWLQSHUFHQWRIDURXQG$QRWKHULPSRUWDQWYDULDEOHWKDWZDVFROOHFWZDVWKHQXPEHURIH[WHUQDO
FODLPV DQG WKH UHODWHG FRVW ,Q SHUFHQW RI  IURP WKH WRWDO 1RQ 4XDOLW\ &RVW ZDV WKH VHOHFWLQJ SDUWV LQ WKH
FXVWRPHUIDFWRU\DQGZDVSHQDOWLHVFDXVHGE\WKHGHIHFWSDUWVGHWHFWHGLQWKHFXVWRPHUIURPWKHWRWDOFRVW
ZDVGRQHGXHWRWKHXUJHQWWUDQVSRUWUHVXOWHGIURPWKHQHFHVVLW\RIVHQGLQJJRRGSDUWVWRWKHFOLHQWV
,QWKHIDFWRU\WKHWDUJHWIRU1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWLQWKHDQDO\]HGSHULRGZDVIURPWKHWRWDOUHYHQXH7KLVWDUJHW
ZDVGLIILFXOWWRDFKLHYHZKHQWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROZDVQRWLPSOHPHQWHGEXWODWHUGXULQJWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI
6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROWKH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWKHDGDQHJDWLYHWUHQGDQGOLNHWKLVWKHWDUJHWZDVDFKLHYH

0HWKRGRORJ\

,QRUGHU WR PHHW WKH REMHFWLYH RI WKHSDSHU ZH FROOHFW WKH GDWD UHJDUGLQJ WKH1RQ 4XDOLW\ FRVW IRU D SHULRG RI
WZHOYHPRQWKVEHIRUHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROIRUWKHDQDO\]HGSURFHVV7KHQZHVWDUWWRLPSOHPHQW
WKH 6WDWLVWLFDO FRQWURO JRXJH DQG ZH VWDUW WR KDYH GDWD IRU FRPSDULQJ XVLQJ WKH WUHQG HVWLPDWLRQ 7KLV WUHQG
HVWLPDWLRQLVVWDWLVWLFDO PHWKRGVWKDWKHOSWRWUHDWDVDWLPHVHULHVDVHWRIPHDVXUHPHQW:HFROOHFWGDWDDIWHUWKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROIRUDSHULRGRIVHYHQPRQWKV'DWDFROOHFWLRQZDVLQWKHSHULRG-DQXDU\
-XO\
8VLQJ WUHQG HVWLPDWLRQ ZH FDQ FRQVWUXFW D PRGHO ZKLFK LV LQGHSHQGHQW RI RWKHU YDULDEOHV RI WKH DOXPLQXP
SURGXFWLRQ SURFHVV :H FRQVLGHU WKLV DQ LPSRUWDQW UHDVRQ IRU FKRRVLQJ WKLV PHWKRG RI GHWHUPLQDWLRQ WKH UHODWLRQ
EHWZHHQ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 6WDWLVWLFDO &RQWURO DQG WKH 1RQ 4XDOLW\ &RVWEHFDXVHLQ WKH DOXPLQXP GLHFDVWLQJ
SURFHVVZHKDYHVHYHUDOYDULDEOHVWKDWLQIOXHQFHWKHSURGXFWLRQSURFHVV
7KH PRVW LPSRUWDQW YDULDEOH WKDW ZDVNHHS XQGHU WKHREVHUYDWLRQ IRU WKLV VWXG\ ZDV1RQ4XDOLW\ &RVW DQGZH
GHWHUPLQDWHLIWKHPHDVXUHPHQWVH[KLELWDQLQFUHDVLQJRUGHFUHDVLQJWUHQG
7KH IXQFWLRQ WR ILW LV D VWUDLJKW OLQH ZLWK WKH GDWD GLVSOD\ YHUWLFDOO\ DQG YDOXHV RI WLPH W    Q  GLVSOD\
KRUL]RQWDOO\2QFHZHGHFLGHGWRILWDVWUDLJKWOLQHWKHUHDUHGLIIHUHQWZD\VWRGRVREXWRXUFKRLFHLVOHDVWVTXDUHV
ILW7KLVPHWKRGPLQLPL]HVWKHVXPRIWKHVTXDUHGHUURUVLQWKHGDWDVHULHVGHQRWHGWKH\YDULDEOH
*LYHQWKHSRLQWVLQWLPHDQGGDWDYDOXHVREVHUYHGIRUWKRVHSRLQWVLQWLPHYDOXHVRIDDQGEDUHFKRVHQVRWKDWLV
PLQLPL]HG +HUH DW  E LV WKH WUHQG OLQH VR WKH VXP RI VTXDUHG GHYLDWLRQV IURP WKH WUHQG OLQH LV ZKDW LV EHLQJ
PLQLPL]HG
Sorina Moica and Elena Rădulescu / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 489 – 493 491

¦^> DW  E  \ @ `
W

   

7KH DERYHIRUPXOD   VXJJHVWV WKDW WKLV FDVH LV D VLPSOH OLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQ:HXVH WKH GHVFULSWLYH VWDWLVWLFV LQ
RUGHUWRVXPPDULHVWKH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWUHVXOWVIRUWKHDQDO\]HGPRQWKVWRKDYHDJRRGYLHZIRUWKHFROOHFWHGGDWD
7KH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWZDVSUHVHQWHGDVDSHUFHQWIURPWKHWRWDOUHYHQXHDQGZDVFDOFXODWHGPRQWKO\WDNLQJFRXQW
RIWKHILJXUHVUHVXOWHGLQWKHSURGXFWLRQUHSRUWV

+\SRWKHVHV

7KHK\SRWKHVLVDUHWKHJXLGHOLQHVIRURXUHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFKEHFDXVHWKH\DUHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIWKHSKHQRPHQRQ
XQGHULQYHVWLJDWLRQLQIDFWDUHSURYLVLRQDODQVZHUVWRWKHUHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQV
7R PHHW WKH UHVHDUFK REMHFWLYHV VKRZQ LQ WKH SUHYLRXV VHFWLRQ ZH GHILQH WKH IROORZLQJ UHVHDUFK K\SRWKHVLV
ZKRVHWHVWLQJDQGUDWLILFDWLRQRUUHMHFWLRQVRZQLQWKH)LQGLQJV
7KHQXOOK\SRWKHVLVLV
+7KHDSSOLFDWLRQVLQSURGXFWLRQRIDOXPLQXPSDUWVRIWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROGRQ¶WKDYHDVLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFH
RQ1RQ4XDOLW\&RVW

)LQGLQJV

:HXVH7UHQG(VWLPDWLRQPHWKRGWRDLGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIGDWD,QWKH7DEOHZHKDYHWKHUHVXOWVRI1RQ4XDOLW\
&RVW GXULQJ WKH SHULRG RI WLPH ZKHQ ZH KDYH QRW LPSOHPHQWHG \HW WKH 6WDWLVWLFDO &RQWURO LQ PDQXIDFWXULQJ RI
DOXPLQXP SDUWV $VUHFRPPHQGHGZH ILUVW ORRN DW WKH FXUUHQW GDWDERWK LQ WDEOH DQGJUDSKLF IRUP 7KLV WDEOH LV
UHSUHVHQWHGZLWKWKHKHOSRI'HVFULSWLYH6WDWLVWLFLQWKH)LJZKHUHZHFDQVHHWKHWDUJHWYDOXHWKDWLVIRUWKH
HQWLUHSHULRGWKDWZDVFRQVLGHUHG$ERYHWKLVZHFDQVHHWKHUHVXOWVIRUHYHU\PRQWKFRQFHUQLQJWKH1RQ4XDOLW\
&RVW DV D SHUFHQW IURP WKH WRWDO UHYHQXH DV UHODWLYH OHYHO RI WKH UDWHV EHLQJ VWXGLHG 7KHVH GDWD VKRZ D VHULHV RI
XQVWDEOHUDWHVWZRLQWHUYDOVZLWKELJUDQJHYDOXH:HFDQVHHWKHVHYDOXHVZHUHELJJHUGXULQJWKHSHULRGRIWLPH
ZKHQWKHSURGXFWLRQLVKLJKDQGZDVOHHVGXULQJWKHUHTXHVWRISDUWVZDVORZ -XQ$XJ ZKHQWKHSURGXFWLRQLVQRW
VRELJ

7DEOH5HVXOWVRI1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWEHIRUHLQWURGXFLQJWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWURO
7LPHIUDPH
-DQ )HE 0DU $SU 0D\ -XQ -XO $XJ 6HS 2FW 1RY 'HF

7DUJHW            
9DOXH
           
0RQWKO\
9DOXH
&XPXODWLYH            


7KXVIDU WKH)LJKDV EHHQDVVXPHG WR FRQVLVWRI WKH 0RQWKO\ 9DOXH&XPXODWLYH 9DOXH 7DUJHW DQG WKH PRVW
LPSRUWDQW 7UHQG 7KH WUHQG ZDV REWDLQHG XVLQJ WKH VORSH RI WKH OHDVW VTXDUHV OLQH DV LW ZDV VKRZQ LQ WKH
0HWKRGRORJ\FKDSWHU
,QRUGHUWRORRNPRUHFRQFUHWHO\DW)LJDSUHOLPLQDU\DVVHVVPHQWRIWKHRYHUDOOGLUHFWLRQDQGVKDSHRIWKHWUHQG
LVLQGLFDWHDSRVLWLYHRULHQWDWLRQWKLVLQRXUFDVHLWLQGLFDWHDQLQFUHDVLQJOHYHORI1R4XDOLW\&RVW7KLVIXQFWLRQLVD
PLQLPL]LQJRQHDQGIRUWKHPRPHQWZHDUHQRWLQOLQHZLWKWKHSURSRVHGREMHFWLYHIRUWKLVLQGLFDWRU,IWKHOLQHIRU
WKHDFWXDOUDWHLVXVHWKH1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWIRUWKHQH[W\HDUZLOOEHRXWRIWKHSURSRVHGWDUJHWHYHQIRUWKHPRPHQW
ZHDUHLQWKHWROHUDQFHZLWKWKH&XPXODWLYH9DOXH
492 Sorina Moica and Elena Rădulescu / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 489 – 493

EŽŶYƵĂůŝƚLJŽƐƚƐфϭ͕ϱй

LJсϬ͘ϬϬϬϰdžнϬ͘Ϭϭϭϴ sĂůƵĞD
ZϸсϬ͘ϭϮϬϳ
sĂůƵĞ

dĂƌŐĞƚ

dZE


)LJ1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWLQWKHSHULRG-DQ'HF

,QWKLVVWXG\ZHFKRVHWRKDYHDWUHQGDQDO\VLVLQRUGHUWREHDEOHWRFRPSDUHRQHWLPHSHULRGWRDQRWKHUWLPH
SHULRG/LNHWKLVZHFDUULHGRXWWKLVDQDO\VLVLQRUGHUWRDVVHVVWKHOHYHORI1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWEHIRUHDQGDIWHUWKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROLQPDQXIDFWXULQJRIDOXPLQXPFRPSRQHQWV
:HFDQVHHLQWKH7DEOHWKHUHVXOWVRI1RQTXDOLW\&RVWDIWHULQWURGXFLQJWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWURO,QWKLVILJXUHV
ZHFDQREVHUYHDUHGXFWLRQRI1RQ4XDOLW\FRVWFRPSDULQJZLWKWKH7DEOH

7DEOH5HVXOWVRI1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWDIWHULQWURGXFLQJWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWURO
7LPHIUDPH
-DQ )HE 0DU $SU 0D\ -XQ -XO

7DUJHW       

9DOXH
      
0RQWKO\

9DOXH
&XPXODWLYH       


,I ZH ORRN WR WKH VWUDLJKW OLQH WUHQG IURP WKH )LJ  ZH FDQ DVVXPH WKDW ZH KDYH QHJDWLYH RULHQWDWLRQV ZKLFK
VLJQLI\DUHGXFWLRQRI1RQTXDOLW\&RVW:HDOVRORRNWRWKHVWDUWDQGHQGSRLQWVDQGZHVHHWKDWZHGRQ¶WKDYHD
VLJQLILFDQWO\YDULDWLRQEHFDXVHWKHVHDUHLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVWKDWFDQFKDQJHWKHUHVXOWVRIWUHQGOLQH

EŽŶYƵĂůŝƚLJŽƐƚƐфϭ͕ϱй

sĂůƵĞD
sĂůƵĞ
LJсͲϬ͘ϬϬϭϰdžнϬ͘Ϭϭϳϲ
ZϸсϬ͘ϴϭϬϰ dĂƌŐĞƚ
dZE

)LJ1RQ4XDOLW\&RVWLQWKHSHULRG-DQ-XO

7KXV IDU WKH GDWD FROOHFWHG DIWHU LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 6WDWLVWLFDO &RQWURO KDYH EHHQ DVVXPHG WR KDYH D QRUPDO
GLVWULEXWLRQDQGGHVFHQGLQJWUHQG)RURXUVWXG\WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWFDWHJRU\RIYDOXHVDUHWKH0RQWKO\'DWDZKHUH
Sorina Moica and Elena Rădulescu / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 489 – 493 493

ZHKDYHDQ(VWLPDWH6WDQGDUG'HYLDWLRQLQTXDQWXPRI/RZVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQYDOXHVLQGLFDWHWKDWWKHGDWD
SRLQWVWUHQGWREHYHU\FORVHWRWKHPHDQ

&RQFOXVLRQ

,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH KDYH SUHVHQWHG WKH FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH QRQ TXDOLW\ FRVW DQG WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ LQ
SURGXFWLRQ SURFHVV RI WKH 6WDWLVWLFDO &RQWURO 7KH UHVXOW RI RXU DQDO\VLV LV VKRZLQJ WKDW LW LV D GHHS FRQQHFWLRQ
EHWZHHQ WKH 1RQ 4XDOLW\ &RVWV DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 6WDWLVWLFDO &RQWURO WKLV LV WKH UHDVRQ ZH UHMHFW WKH ILUVW
K\SRWKHVLV + DQGZHDSSURYHWKHDOWHUQDWLYHK\SRWKHVLV + 
+7KHDSSOLFDWLRQVLQSURGXFWLRQRIDOXPLQXPSDUWVRIWKH6WDWLVWLFDO&RQWUROKDYHDVLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFHRQ
1RQ4XDOLW\&RVW
7KLVVWXG\FRQILUPVRXUSRLQWRIYLHZWKDWWKHUHGXFWLRQRIZDVWHLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWIRUWKHSURGXFHUVRIJRRGV
:H KDYH QRZ WKH SURRI WKDW WKH 1RQ 4XDOLW\ &RVW FDQ EH LPSURYH LI ZH LQWURGXFH LQ SURGXFWLRQ WKH 6WDWLVWLFDO
&RQWURO WKDW¶V WKH UHDVRQ ZH SURSRVH WR SODQ LQ DGYDQFH WKLV TXDOLW\ WRROV IRU DOO WKH SURFHVV RI SURGXFWLRQ :H
VKRXOGQRWIRUJHWWKH-XUDQZRUGWKDWVD\Ä$OOTXDOLW\LPSURYHPHQWRFFXUVRQDSURMHFWE\SURMHFWEDVLVDQGLQQR
RWKHUZD\´>@

5HIHUHQFHV

>@ 9DQ$UPEUXVWHUHWDO2UJDQL]DWLRQDOLQQRYDWLRQ7KHFKDOOHQJHRIPHDVXULQJQRQWHFKQLFDOLQQRYDWLRQLQODUJHVFDOHVXUYH\V7HFKQRYDWLRQ

>@ -RKQ%XWPDQ-XUDQ$/LIWLPHRI,QIOXHQFH-RKQ:LOH\ 6RQV,QF%RVWRQ
>@ .HHEOH':LONLVRQ)+LJK7HFKQRORJ\&OXVWHUV1HWZRUNLQJDQG&ROOHFWLYH/HDUQLQJLQ(XURSH$VKJDWH(QJODQG
>@ .HYOHV'-7KH3K\VLFLVWVWKH+LVWRU\RID6FLHQWLILF&RPPXQLW\LQ0RGHUQ$PHULFD1HZ<RUN.QRSI
>@ /HVNRYDU6SDFDSDQ*%DVWLF0'LIIHUHQFHVLQRUJDQL]DWLRQVLQQRYDWLRQFDSDELOLW\LQWUDQVLWLRQHFRQRP\,QWHUQDODVSHFWRIRUJDQL]DWLRQV
VWUDWHJLFRULHQWDWLRQ7HFKQRYDWLRQ
>@ 0DVVR-9DKWHU37HFKQRORJLFDO,QQRYDWLRQDQG3URGXFWLYLW\LQ/DWH7UDQVLWLRQ(VWRQLD8QLYHUVLW\RI7DUWX)DFXOW\RI(FRQRPLFV 
%XVLQHVV$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ:36
>@ 3HWHU)'UXFNHU0DQDJHPHQWXOYLLWRUXOXL(GLWXUD$6$%%XFXUHVWL
>@ 9DUFRH,6FLHQWLVWV*RYHUQPHQWDQG2UJDQL]HG5HVHDUFKLQ*UHDW%ULWDLQWKH(DUO\+LVWRU\RIWKH'6,50LQHUYDS

>@ :RPDFN-DPHV3'DQLHO7-RQHV/7KLQNLQJ)UHH3UHVVS

You might also like