CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Type 1: Present real conditional (điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại)

IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

S + will + Vinf.
S + V1(s/es) should/ may/ might/ can + Vinf.

Ex: If he tries much more, he will improve his English.

If I have money, I will buy a new motorbike.
Dạng bài tập : V(inf)… + OR + Clause (Simple Future)
= Unless you + V(inf)… , Clause (Simple Future)
= If you don’t + V(inf)… , Clause (Simple Future)
Ex: Study hard or you will fail the exam.
= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.
= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.
Chú ý: - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ex: không được viết Unless you don’t
write)
* Command (Mệnh lệnh)
If + S + simple present tense ... + command form of verb + ...
Ex: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me. / - Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
2. Type 2: Present unreal conditional (điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)

IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

S + V2/ed (were) S + would + Vinf.

Ex: If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
Chú ý: Động từ to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi.
3. Type 3: Past unreal conditional (điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

S + had + V3/ed S + would + have + V3/ed

Ex: If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident.
Chú ý: Lược bỏ “if” trong câu điều kiện, chúng ta có cấu trúc sau:
Type 1: Should you go out, please buy me some stamps.
= If you go out, please buy me some stamps.
Type 2: Were I the president of America, I wouldn’t have war on Irap.
= If I were the president of America, I wouldn’t have war on Irap.
Type 3: Had she studied hard, she would have passed the examination, last year.
= If she had studied hard, she would have passed the examination, last year.
* Mixed conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là loại câu mà có thời gian ở hai vế (vế câu điều kiện – if clause và vế kết
quả - result clause) không cùng thời gian với nhau.
Ex: - If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
(But I didn’t win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now).
- If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
(But she didn’t sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn’t going to join us tomorrow)
- If I were rich, I would have bought that Ford car we saw yesterday.
(But I amnot rich and that is why I didn’t buy Ford car yesterday)
- If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
(But I am not going to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited)
* Một số mẫu câu diễn tả câu điều kiện
- Unless + positive = If…….not: trừ phi, nếu không
Ex: You will be late unless you start at once.
 - But for that + unreal codition: nếu không thì
Mệnh đề sau nó phải lùi một thì
+ Hiện tại: My father pays my fee, but for that I couldn’t be here.
+ Quá khứ: My car broke down, but for that we would have been here in time.
- Otherwise + real condition: kẻo, nếu không thì
Ex: We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out.
Chú ý: người ta dùng or else để thay thế otherwise.
- Provided/ Providing that: với điều kiện là, miễn là (= as long as)
Ex: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.
- Suppose/ Supposing = What…….if: giả sử………thì sao, nếu………thì sao
Ex: Suppose the plane is late? = what (will happen) if the plane is late?
- As if/ As though
+ Trái với hiện tại: AS IF/ AS THOUGH + S + V2/ed
+ Trái với quá khứ: AS IF/ AS THOUGH + S + HAD + V3/ed
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B. Bài tập
I. Give the right form of the verb in brackets to complete the following sentences.
1. We’ll go to the beach if it (be)…………fine tomorrow.
2. Had it not been for the goalkeeper, the team (lose)……………the match.
3. Suppose that I (drop)…………..in his house last night, I (tell)……………him the news.
4. If you aren’t going to live in the house, why don’t you sell it? If I (have)…………….a house I couldn’t use
I (sell)……………it at once.
5. He’ll come and help you if he (finish)…………..his work before 5 p.m.
6. If I see him I (give)…………..him a lift.
7. They (play)………….football if it (not rain)…………….tomorrow.
8. The police (arrest)……………him if they catch him.
9. He must tell the truth, otherwise nobody (believe)……………..a word he says.
10. Mr. Black will buy a new house if he (have)……………..enough money.
11. Provided that I have free time, I (come)……………to visit you.
12. It’s very noisy next door. It sounds as if they (have)…………….a party.
13. That house is shaking. It looks as if it (fall)………………down.
14. Ann coughs a lot. She sounds as though she (have)…………….a cold.
15. I don’t like Norma.She talks as if she (know)……………everything.
16. Providing that you kindly sit down I (make)………………..enquires for you.
17. Unless you (be)……………more careful you’ll have an accident.
18. She (not take)………………...care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (not be)
………………canceled.
19. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday. But he (come)
……………….if you (insult)……………………him.
20. Marie (be)…………happy now if she (not give)…………up her career when she got married.
II. Rewrite each sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet.
 I wouldn’t……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. I’ll call the phone if you don’t leave me alone!
 Unless………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.
 If……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table.
 If……………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.
 If you…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. You press this button to stop the machine.
 If……………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits.
 If……………………………………………………………………………………………...
8. If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed.
 Unless…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8:00.
 If you should………………………………………………………………………………….
10. I wouldn’t accept if you asked me to marry you!
 If you were……………………………………………………………………………………
III. Complete the second sentence in each pair, using the word given, so that the meaning
stays the same.
1. I didn’t know his address in London, so I didn’t visit him.
visit If I had known…………………………………………him.
2. If you don’t speak clearly, the audience won’t understand you.
else You have to……………………………………………understand you.
3. Angela, you’re not old enough otherwise you would be able to get a motorbike.
were Angela,………………………………………………..a motorbike.
4. I wouldn’t mind being transferred to another city if they offered me a higher salary.
condition I wouldn’t mind………………………………………me a higher salary.
5. If he decides to go shopping, there’s a chance that I will go with him.
might If he…………………………………………………...with him.
6. We can have dinner here unless you want to go to a restaurant.
want If………………………………………………………dinner here.
7. Fortunately, they were wearing seat belts, so nobody was seriously injured.
not If………………………………………………………been seriously injured.
8. I’d like to travel all over the world but I don’t have enough money.
would I………………………………………all over the world if I had enough money.
IV. Rewrite the sentence given, using the word given so that the meaning stays the same.
1. We won’t go away if the weather is bad.
(unless)………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. I didn’t have money so I didn’t buy a new shirt.
(would)………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. If they offered you the job, would you accept?
(were)…………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. If you are in London by any chance, come and see me.
(should)…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. If you have any free time, could you give me a ring?
(happen)………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Without you, I would have given up years ago.
(been)…………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. If Pauline hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned.
(but for)………………………………………………………………………………………...
8. What would you do if you found some buried treasure?
(were)…………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Dick is in prison now because a detective recognized him.
(if)………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman.
(it hadn’t)……………………………………………………………………………………….
I/ Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If I spoke English well, my job (be) ………………….. a lot easier.
2. We (go)………………………… out if the weather (not be)….……………… so bad yesterday.
3. They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite) …………………………………..them.
4. If he (go) ….…………….. to London yesterday, he ( meet) ………………………. his old friend.
5: if Lien ………………..a raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold.
A. wears B. wore C. has worn D. had worn
6: we (go)………… ……………………to the beach yesterday if the sun had been shining.
7: my family will go skiing if it ( snow)………………………………………………….this winter.
8: if I (be)…………………………………………….……..in your place, I would accept his offer.
9: if he had come earlier, he (get)……………………………………………………………the job.
10: If Mary (arrive)………………………………….ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
11: If I see him, I (give)………………………………………………………….….him a gift.
12: He wouldn’t have crashed his car if he (not/ fall)………………………….asleep while driving.
II/ Choose the best answers.
1: If Lan had worn a rain coat, she _____ a cold
A. had got B. wouldn’t get C. won’t get D. wouldn’t have got
2: If Hoa had a raincoat, she…………a cold.
 A. wouldn't catch B. would have caught
C. wouldn't have caught D. didn't catch
3: . …… you work harder, you will succeed.
A. When B. Unless C. If D. Because
4: If I had missed the bus that afternoon, I …… a taxi instead.
A. would have got B. got C. would get D. will get
5: What would you do if you……….by a snake.
A. has been bitten B. are bitten C. were bitten D. had been bitten
6: If you……..your homework, I………..you watch TV.
A. did/ won't let B. won't do/ don't let
C. won't do/ let D. don't do/ won't let
7: I didn't go into business with Sam. If I......... into business with him, I....….. a success.
A. had gone/would become B. had gone/would have become
C. go/will become D. went/would go
8: You really …… stop smoking, you know. It’s bad for you.
A. would B. can C. ought D. should
9: If I ………………………….……..that you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
A. had known B. known C. have known D. know
10: I don’t think we……………….………go to the beach because it rains this afternoon.
A. shouldn’t B. not should C. should be D. should
11: If you sold your house, you didn't get much money for it . (Find the mistake and correct it)
A B C D
12: We would have given you a lift if we’d know you were coming this way.
A B C D
13: I had gone to see you if I’d known that you were ill.
A B C D
III/ Use the conditional sentence types to rewrite the sentences below.
1. Oanh didn’t know how to solve the Maths problem, so she got low marks.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. They didn’t pass the exam and their families were very sad.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.
....................................................................................................................................................
4. Because Quang was interested in the film, he didn’t study his lesson.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. He didn’t revise all his lessons. He failed the exam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Bring your raincoat or you will get wet.
…………………………………………………………..
8. He goes to school late because the traffic is heavy.
……………………………………………………………….
9. The bag was heavy, so we couldn’t take it with us.
……………………………………………………………….
10. Get up or you will be late for school.
à If ____________________________________
11.She was lazy so she could not pass the exam
à If _______________________________________
12. If we don’t get up early, we will miss the train.
à Unless ___________________________________