AC Machine-2

Contents
Primary
Winding
(Rotor)
Contents
Contents
warm
i?m-iioo
Contents
c ^ - t ^ w ^ "^tcM >i<iyî ^srrsii^ ^vffiiw< f*fW5H ^R>^îc<? ^nto

t ^ ; ^ ! ^ ^ ^ c'c<t>wMBt^ n f e ^ t^pfw ^srsj^ *i^>t<<Mw w <i^n5c
sm^ « i w i ' ^ ^ i w m\ ^Nic<t> w n f ^ ?sw^ ^ âtw? i ^

sm?^ ^ ct5l^<t»iH 2 r ^ M % ^^fîf^^ wm
^ ? J » r i * l ^ * ^ ^lWlC<t> 'StHIW ^ ^ i f ^ I * f t o c ^ ÎtW^ ^ W ? ^ lilt
( ? f ^ ^stctfa i i v i H i ^ i i ^^m^ 'sm^'Q c5tt'^# ^ "s^w i
fifc^?
Contents
Contents
mm
HI
% ÎCifblW?) *![r<l*1l
is
is
^.•^ ib-
^.'^ iii«5) c<i<°^Ti^ ^ M M t b^jcip^st ^ R ^ ' b m

^0
. OA
^NwiHt^?! ^ ' m lilt's iî5i<is*H i p j i i w ^ 2i«>i
S.Mci4i*rviB-cM
iob-
Contents
V.8 ioh.
br.e
ii(f
jJiHCiiFRm v i U w ^ 4iiR;"v>ii5i 4 ^ ^ % ^ gffwra ii(f
t>IHC^HI^^feBT ^ ^ ^ ^ T ^
iib-
f>i'(C(ij>Hl>i î5«^ ^ f D i ^ " ^ f ^ ^ <4'it , - . iib-
io.O
io..8
9im
i^8
H8
i^<?
ii.8 wnt^fSws >pjis^
f t ^ T r m "Wft^ Î'îf^vs W ! T R #
i8(?
•^H=i lip's ^mf^'s f«l<5f^ i8(f
iSb-
i^8 •i)^ ^ (TW 1 ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ ^b|1%^ iSb-
.i(fi
i(fS
Contents
1*
di^;,9Tt^ ^ 55% (Y-A) ^SfSTi:^ ^>f[W17 f^*^
i£i^^ Bi^vif^ ^ d?*!^ c^rfwSim t^t^*pf
t k ^ ^^î ^^twr FsHCJtp'St t ^ m R OTfg^ '^'^^ •^Q<^"'S
fit
R W liWl BlX^l?! <)i<!^)< <^W RRJSsIMs C^lCiJSf ^'^FoC^ R)HC^>St ^^C<1=1 C>>St
3 - 0 ^ ^ l < ^ * H ^ ^ C<Jil5?l ^ l 5 w « B t ^ j l * l >lf^C<IC»i^ ÎsjîJ *lFoWM R^sil

ib-8
Contents
iiiiiiiniiniiifiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiitiiiiiinii iiimiiiiiiiniimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
(Principle o f alternator)
iMiHiiiiiiiiiHiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiifiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiinii
i.i 8 ^ p ^ t W t o f ^[5#f% ( p r i n c i p l e o f alternator) :
^ ^ ^ ôtW5^ (magnetic field) I ^ îWblW 4 ^^tf^ C^STOS^ 1 ^
•^[îwt wf wfCT^ ipm ^ 4,1% cîc^st ^ I ^ f*i"*w
1% m^m. ^ ^ I wp^ ^, ^ ^^m^ (?r'sm f^, 1% c^himUî
1^-5[tn I W f f ^ f ^ ^ C W ~ ^ ^ li)^ (Field) ^ I

C^^JfC^ m w t W ^^5^1^ ^ iiI^l.4llCTI>IW C«IC^>St ^ I ^5[^1^C=#^ •sptftf^ I
' P ' C f F l W ^ ^^HWUOW N s nf%C^T ^PK^ CÎC^CSttl
PNs
F =
120
1^, •Pf, csRTc#?r
4,1%, 33.2KV C^lC^Sr ^^.'[^ ^

1. 5 k v c « T C ^ ^ « , f 5 ^ f r T ? i i
I
Contents
e. c-^ >ijiPtc?t^^ 1
•b. WlvbR^lH ÎWI^ ^y!l,R)l C'»IHI
(CLOSE) «tK^ 1
^ . F»PT*< C«iH*l5'S? 1 2 5 ^ 2 5 0 V 1 CTÎmURi lil^ll^cUvi! W l « t s < ! E^l^l fipc*<1
^MN CH C<MH f*)»(:«i>i1 c«|C^«£t
4 5 0 V m'\ R> 6 0 0 v M*r^ 1 '^'45 WROTTC?! ^ 1
^^•^ C^lC^fi! 3 3 2 0 0 C^lC^'St 1 % ^ 1
i . « S ^tiJMMtJW^ •fl^t^'C'G'fT (Excitation m e t h o d s o f alternator)
^SI^NwtJW^ f^?:^ f^^ fTT, C o H ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ C^^SUlt^ l a - ^ t t c t ^ l f%g CMIw'OM'sI

i£i-$11^015*1^ cs\(^ •s^m<=^ f%g ^ i^ Rf%^, ^nJiywi^cttii ^^r^cS-»pf CWfC^g? 1 1 5 v , 1 2 5 V ,
2 3 0 V . 2 5 0 V « t t W I ^^fw^ ^Î'SJWtSM'Sl i f l ^ l t c ^ QS\^. 4 5 0 V 600V
f # ^ I c^n^ ^ ^ ^ * | . i 5 t ^ w i 3 w t i ^5rrw5i^ ^î, 1% c^mi^ ^ ^
C^Tti:#t% (SEPARATELY) >il4|I^Ci5^ sftW i ^^%tW)t^ ^rm 1 ^ % ^^?,Wti:wm ^
^ CTC^M ^fSc^fSf^^ (SELF EXCITED) CSiHtWtJ^ <1J«)^^ ^ I
^«tlf^ ^ LOOOA ^ IW c l ^ W '*)'i)l<WiJ«<

C^fR#t% ^•4IRCL3VB ;£|^lltra^ ^mp^ ^'Wt^M^ mn-^ ^ 1 C s i t ^ i^^^lt^ ( M A I N
EXCITER) ^ I^ ^ m w ' S ^ >i)t i£|"Wl^Trai t w ? : ^ > i ) ^ ( ? ? ^ ^S^l^C^ (SELF EXCITED)
CSRiCfSw an:?lin ^ ^ ft%f& ifl'Wfl^ (PILOT EXCITER) ^ I f b i g - i . o CS
;£i^!î3N, i£iî^l5< 3-(j) ^ 5 i % ^ t : ; [ 5 ( : m cfTsnwT ^ I • t i t ^ ifi'îÛiw^
• «NT5T& (PILOT EXCITER) j — '5iÎM#A (ALTERNATOR)
>I)^®?L (MAIN EXCITER)
^ 1 W I >A|^HCH13^ ?ft^ ^ (SHUT down) W^'Q t^, I'SW^lK «ftW 1

Contents
W f t a t m ^ ^ « | 3 f ^TT&tt (Storage batteries) %It^ ^ ^^TtC^ sTtW tft^ 1'«t^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ s j ^
«ii^^'«t^ 1 ^ ^'sit ^ I ^^<i^B1c^ >^ ^ i ^ t f t iii^^t^!5t? <ij«^<N ^ ^ I ^mn
^ f K p n «^5y^ci5'D«5) ^ j r f ^ i -fifw^s 'siK^^tr:? A . c . cm:^ ^-^«nf^ ^ffî ^

A.C. i^^^^^s^^S^"^ D.C f l ^ T I t " ^ I <i^ciJ'0^ >l!^Cîl^C4^
WlC^^l •Îi^ ^?J?lTn ^ CSHC^BtlW ' S W - ^ ^ ^ (Double C u r r e n t ) C'^^ftC^^^
^ I 3-<t> c^t^nc^^^ i-<t> cstHiwtJw s f g ^ 'fi'î^cB'^ <j«)^r'a ^ ^ 1
i.8 S ^ l ^ w ' C W i l C?ff&?, >^lI^TNTt ( E x p l a n a t i o n t h e r a t i n g o f a l t e r n a t o r )
wmi tw^'^^m CTf^ ^ n J N w i S w ? ! <3 c ^ s , l^rf^g ^?5»t ^-TOJit m\ I ^ s t ^ B
^ I C^tf^^ ^<Pilf%^ * t f ^ ^•'W:?!? ^ ^ = t ^TsiM ^ 1T?t I f ^ l ^ C«Rn)Si lilt's
%fT:#r05 C^»s f % c m - C « 1 ^ W f H ? t 1 ? ( K i l l o - v o l t a m p e r e ^ KVA) ^ CR>4C^
t^^=t ^ ^ I f^l^ cfH oi^mwÔT t f ^ n ^ 1w r ^îî
^gwf!; "^^fT® «f'î?iw'i5«t] ^ f t ^ ^ 'G w i w m ^ c5?t*fCT?r ^ ' P T W <#^p«^ ^ 1 ^nn?^ w[
^ cnc® « r r ^ m w m ^ ^ < ^ ^^^^ vsi^HcHiJ^fiJ ^ ^ c i i : ^ sft?:^ 1 "îfw^s

ft^TiH " w i ^ f ^ , c«n:^c^ ,^«t ^•tojh ^ ctr^ ^ c^f^
t^9f5f % r i ^ ^ (M^ 9fra I ^ " ^ K C i i J w ? ) ^-TOJit ft^nrm ¥ j l l c < ^ ^ f ^ ' f^«?r%T.
Îî ^«iJwwt;w5i KVA load (M^ ^ ' W s i m fftsrpr ^ s ^ m ^ •^rm 1 c^rps k v a ,

KVA 'ii^ c#t «f%5i?#? ^ w t I ^«=BNwi5wf) (?rn5 ^<l^=t^ ^mf^°s f ( ^ ¥ t ^ -wtto
^ I ^mfn^s it<nrt^ "5pnt?f w ^ ^ ^^ww15m<j « f t w m t w ^ * r c ^ ^ ^ = t Bilvf^M c«ic<^>st w
•^mi I «^ U l P f - i H OnK^'Sf - ^ ^ t ^^5^ ^ ^ i l ' ^ l t c ^ ^ •^t^St^ ^ WT « r i % f ^ . ^ ^ ^ aRK^ ^
^ÎÛt^ «l^1<lWt3M< f w ^ ^ i ft^TTt^ "JpTt^ i £ l ^ f ^ l ^ % I T 3 % 5 TtK^
^m^«t *m 50'kva ^^Wwt5wn ^ J ^ T t l ^ 1 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 5 , t^5Jl1W 1^1%^ T T e m
1 ftîrm ^^mtcii ^sn^-^ = 50 x i = 50 kw
0.8 " " "= 5 0 X 0.8 = 4 0 kw

0.6 " " " = 5 0 X 0.6 = 3 0 kw
0.5 " " - = 2 0 X 0.5 = 2 5 2 5 kw
CT, i £ l ^ KVA (?nU5 1t<3TlH "JPTt^ 1%^ ^ « CÎCêt ^ •^1^1^ ^tTC^ I
f t ^ T f i ^ TPitt^ ^ f % c m ^ ¥ i ^ (w:-«t csrfiifCTi ^ T s n a i t i ^ l w ^<3Tri •^rm ^ i kva c#f ^ ^-TOJit

c#f ^£1^^ ^ ^TsTfait ^ I^ « f % i w f 5 r 5 ^ cî. k w - ^4 1 ^ ^ = t ^ k v a c«
Contents
^1 * n % f & " f i ^ i ^ i J M [ m t f ^ : ' ^ % ' h i r , h ^ , ' o i , ' o % ' i o j
lil^ 0 . 5 % ^ «ltC^ I
§ Î^NWlJW^ ^ b a l k ^ f^, t%, C^lC'^St sm^ iq^Rcl5«R C«TC%^

^ I lil^ltcS^ 1 1 5 v , 125v, 2 3 0 v 2 5 0 v ^ ftT^ I ^ ^ ^^Nwt3(.<<l
^•ii\\Oit^ 400v 6oov ^ ^ Trc?f I ^ D C W l M l G c ^ i l ^Jfl^jCTJ ^ iq^l^cU'R
T r f t ^ >iî>iR 3 f * p ^ f ^ 'Tt'QTn^ f%wt c«r% w r P w ^ ( k v a = ^ f^0^ ^ i l^t^
CâR^CSt « f m ^ "Q^PISI ^'Gm " W t ^ ^#5%cm^Tif5
^J§^ f f ^ ^^ , KVA «ltC^ ^gwl'v «^^Nt'^l5^ C^l KVA f^^tfw ^ 1

<t\ ^ i ^ M w U c ? l5»r 1^^ ^ m f%? fwmftm:'o:^,'o(?]
s ^*oi<wi5wt) > r f ^ ^ ^ lilt's w i w t ^ «rR:^ i c w i 'îîîJi'si 1^, pf c^tHiwiJ'si
^ '^*fiwf5T 1^1 fî ^^n^ gtr«m f^, f>f T f i n ^ sfcmn ^ ^ iw ^ îc^fbi-si
vb I ^ i ^ G M w l J w ^ "55r5 "^s^rf^ ^ < » f ? [wr^tPfm: 'o^J

t ^^NwUw?! î*t w -
i. (stator) ^ « n w m (Armatare)
(Rotor) ^ 1 ^ (Magnetic field)
o . i^^lt&ra ( E x c i t e r )
.^p^^ XT 120f
Contents
'^mt^ w»t ^ I Ites^ ^^f% Tifss î'iJNwUfi ^^H^TOimit^ ^ i "^mH
\>\(^(M< "STrnm W fK^ I ^g^°v%fOlf% % ^'SIH ^ î|'^|«1Wl5^ 15p?l3Pf^ t f ^ ^ ^ t I ^ I M
c» I *|*B lewis's 1%?
A,C ^ <1>»lJCUiJfl D.C 'ft<3TIt ^ I
(t) &^Cilf*l<l ^t?f

(T^) <3¥lt%°s tWt% ^'ra I
^ 8 ^JH^NWUCUD f^R:^ t^, t% ^^mm troi ^ ^ ^ ^'^'s ^ltifbl«< ^«17 ^ t f ^
8 i£R^ % ^ 'sr«i5i<iwi3?i t ^ , t% >i<i<i<ii^ (m\ i
8 t% t-SfilMlSw ^ ^ # 5 3 3 . 2 k v (33200v) ^s.t^ ^ W I
8 f^, t% CStHlMlJW 3=f]:#5 1 5 0 0 v ôft ^ W I
î I if)^ l>IHCi£)»H|i) Û^W 6 0 H Z ^ ^ 2 0 0 r, p.m »tf^ bPlM < ^ CtH ^^.'iTr '^j:^
f=:60HZ Ns = 2 0 0 r . p.m
^ „ 1 2 0 f 120 X 6 0 „ ^
CtH, p = - ^ = ^ ^ = 3 6
Contents
ill ^-^lUW^W^ C?ri^< K V A C ^ 1 % ^ ^ c^?

^ 8 ii.8 ^ôl^Ci^H 0^ I
^ ^ 8 i.O^l^^C'^l'l m I
Contents
(Construction features of alternators)

iiiiMiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiuMHHMMiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHHiiinniuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiii
^.i S *|*i5Mw'i3W5) af«(H '4>\9\M (list the main parts of alternator)
'pTRt ^ I <:*rf^ (Rotor) m^m?^ (Stator) ^ I ^
i. (Stator) ^ «ftCT5l? (Armature)

^. (Stator frame) ''t. (M^ (Stator care)
n. ( S t a t o r Coil)
^. (Rotor) ? 1 1 ^
^ . ' D t f ^ ^ ^ 2R:®f^°v C'lm, (Salient Proecting pole).
^. ^ - I J l h c ^ ^ (Non S a l i e n t pole)
<3 ^5I%?ra^fBlM ^?.-»f
-stator Frame
-Stator Core
-Cage Winding
• End Rings
-cage Bars
Exciter
•Brushes
Slots
Stator Terminals
? «(lt<t>iw<l ^«(T (Advantages o f stationary armature)
i. 3-(i) ^î<wi3w[\(MbH ^
c^lcnJei ^yR:#5 6 0 0 v ^ I^ Slipring ^ ^^n^ 3 t C ^ 'il^l^BW s^<=\ ^

Contents
8. ^ îf^fbiM^ w t l ^ f t w s t ^ * ^ c^»n^cet< isHj ^HîwtJ ^ •^rm I

a.
1 ^ ^ ^ •^^ I
«(l<:Wbl<j(;<)»Rt'5f^ fip'iii'^ ^(•slI^W C ^ f f ^ ^ t M ( c e n t r i f u g a l force) ^^=t^^sf^^^mt
s. ^ 'sitcwraw 'T^jstt
V. mwra (Slat) ^ l«t 5^3^ ^ lii^'v n i t w t ^rfwi • w r ¥ ^
(Description o f s t a t o r frame and s t a t o r core)
^^r*f^ c^rf^^ QFc^ ^ ^ 1 • s r i r ^ - # 0 c?r5i?t
^ 'ôf ^ I
(^) (^)
-ARMATURE SLOT
-Core
Laminated
STATOR FRAME
^ , •fe ^ ^ ^ cs^ f%?t^ -sTJilviwciJîj wr?rg^ % ^ ^ ^ ^ n n : ^ *t°v^
(alloy steel) ^ <!J<4'1^ ^ ^ C ^ n ^ !5>ôW?l ÎC<b|<l ^ l H ^ t , lil^ ^ ^ I
ÛltwR ^HJiwU 'im 'iiî. ^stUra ^^tl 2lC?JlSf^^ (Clearance)
i. CtHt ^ (wide open slot)

^. ^ 5 f ^ C«fM 'ste (Semi-Open slot)
o . ^ ' t e (Closed slot)
Contents
^< cm\ ^ ^^mt^ ^*iT "^K^ ^îî csî^vs^ ^ w^ft -^1%

^^s^ ^ t f f tt^Tit "îT?! I lilt *t^ci^ ^ ^^mra ^^s?tw ^ ^ t g cîcmJ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^^1% ^ •^«=t
2ni%^ ^ i w k t ^ ^srgRtff I^ RWbHl ^ < C«IKI '^tlW (wide open slot) 'mm
Wide-Open Semi-Closed Closed

Im- (t)
^ 8 : *|^MW'BW< Wli5w< ef^tf^Rjm (Classification o f r o t o r o f a l t e r n a t o r )
i . >iJlPlC?l^ CfH a l w n 5 ^ CfH (Salient or projecting pole rotor)

^. ^->iJlPlCll«& I>lPlfij4JM C?lf5? (Non-salient or cylindrical pole rotor)
: >IJlfilCll^ C»fm C?ffBlf f*ll*nI^<1>JH C»rm C^ltJw^ ^^f^ ( D e s c r i p t i o n o f s a l i e n t a n d
cydindrical pole type rotor)
C^fBn^ CfH ^ " v ' ^ ^ I >1JlPl«^ (Salient) ^ I f^, C'StHlWl3w< ^ ^
tC'IH 1 l ? n w > r t ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ IWT v-Barsof

Damping Winding
igfin iij^?,?rsf 'i(.v|^l 71"!^ s f l ^ -^[volij <li<j^lW'Sl

tt?l??? W|l5W< t t ^ t ^ ^ft'Tt ^ I
Salient
Pole
I
I
6 ^^^rtCTt ^ I v£iîti5i< ^ 1^1 R?, ^?Fr^ g r c ^ -sfTifrcst >i<«i^ w^sin ^ 1 ^•d[>iic<
Contents
l>lPlfaj<^»JM CfH MtUwt) tezFm fl^C^n 3 0 0 0 r . p . m ^ 1 5 0 0 f. p. m. ^ I 21^ ^ 41^ Ctt^
t ^lOWl^l'iJl'SlwUiJ ( T u r b o - a l t e r n a t o r s ) l*lPlQa<?7l51 C^tl^T ^ 1 ^ <inw l vsrttsi ^TC*)! ^
Non-Salient
Pole
Field Windings -
(a)
(B)
*IJli*1«*B C*tt«T C?rfB^

i. f*P* «ll^R> WRIiJ '4)!l-t C*!!; <»W i. WlU^ C<*>l« C^'CU ^ f C ^ ««1 <li>IC^ lil^
^ 1
^ 1
C. ifl^ «|15« <JI>I Mf^ 4^^ 1
^ 1
S TSJt^TRf >Q?il^R»v>fl^ "^"f^ (Description o f D a m p e r winding)
gvo-55!^'s^s I ^1%^ * t ^ e i ^ ^.;;ij|?iwts«<) «t««fca^ >iklwj ^mt^ ^ ^ ^Mt^

^"=1 TO l^m ^ tl^ ^ en:?! ctw t r o F H r n ntoiin i ^^hwBwî to ^
^ sdU cai^ W 5 «ttW I ^rrsHR ( B a c k w a r d a n d forward) T^BHiR^
1 ^ OiHt " ^ 1
Contents
-iii-^WwUtl ^ I ^ R r a F R m "sr&C^ ^ (Hunting) ^ ^ ^ CtM CWT
A. 'STTltt^l ^ <1JM1»I^ 3-(t) CSTTCM W o t t ? * f R TO I
o . l T O 5 W = r ' f s i : ^ %tl^°v w h t m ^îttfei a f w t ^ i vii'îuwUti ^ f r o m t ^ ^RTSI::^!
S lil^^^ ^ ^f*tt Wtwm ^TTt^l (Three-phase A r m a t a r e winding o f

single layer a n d double layer)
• - ^ W o t a < # ^ <i<^H t% C>SiHl«i3-s) ^C^HWiU?, ft^Tft •?mt I ^ f^, t%
(Close) f « t ^ T O ^ lil, C^-JlWlJUt) îCifbM ê?ntf^°v ÎtC^ I W T ^'^NW'CWil *lHifbtW
>. 'S^^ (Single layer) ^Tfttf^^

^. <Q?n^°s (Double layer winding)
mc^bH ^ c ^ U w ^ "sna! TO^ ^ttt®
^ i^ ^Tittfî ^ TO^ î'«tjt % f

^°vtJt^ ^ I 1 ^ 12 4 CTt^ f ? i ^
^^t<)Wl3«0 *)tCifbl<) <3¥lt%^ ^ s m r OT«tt^
sriCTs ôtc^ c<it5Tt<i 'Sl^f ?C5f I ^'«ftc5t ctt^TTa
12
^sffs, 3 cft^ f^m ^ I ^«ff«,

TOZ?1^ liRS f t ^ N Ctt??ra ^ % ? t ^ »ft< S
CftC^f? "^ttC^ ^ I ^«lts, 1 8 0 ° ^C«1<»lB<l»iH
c<flfH<i» ^ * f t ^ srtîT^ I R (?ErosRj-«Tntf%^ c 5 f ^
^ OT«?n^ I 1 - 4 . 7 - 1 0
12X120
a^'^°s'»lTt?I ft<^ = = 2 ^[^°v Y
CfpUm ^Ttltfel C5%r 3 - 6 , 9 - 1 2
^si^-t^ B ^TTl^l C&f^ 5 - 8 , 1 1 - 2
(14) «T[lt%^^>2jtf Cl^STIt>5T I Isai-^.s.i 12 4 cft^r Î'Î^WUMO
w±m (<£!m^)
^5t^ csnrt^ >Q?ntf^?. 8
^ ^ w w ' D w ^ *iit5fbiw întfei-^ 2ff% ^ ^ TO TO^ 'Tit^ ^^^TtOTf ^ ôti:^ ^sm c ™
«¥itf^°v ^ I lilt w r a ^Ttitfî '4 TOM î'«tjt ^'sS^ ITOi^Tsfr«fF*tc?ra ^T:^ ^
Contents
^ I^ «(wi? ^ 1 ^ R*fni t'^t^*^ ^ mi ^TOiFHf^ 'sfB^:^ c^gtc^ (^mH
i. ^ ^l(.<t>lW5) ^tM c l H ^3 (Tsrost^ ' s f ^ ^^sut ^«|3% i ( O T ^ 4 cfM 1%JT

Gqf^l?^ cS6tl'te^l'slTt 12, 2 4 , 3 6 , 4 8
%m ^??iit ^^5^ "îsm firf^ ^tm -srit® ^ w t ^ ^^^rtwt i
24 30
C1t5Tl^ = - r = 6
•^5ff»t^ lil ^^5C?M'°UH (6+1) =7
^sfifs, 1 - 7
24
sff^ <?Fi:®t^ ^?,«m = - 3 - = 8
24
= 2
3X4
^«ft«> T T ' t r n f ' t f5#st T j ^ i f ^ ^SITITIî
7^1 ^ 1 ^SJ^T^R:^
= 3 6 0 ° x | = 720°
t^tlTSw CTO f^^ClW*! = 120°
' 120X24
c«n;^ liRi B (?m 9^^ ?f5 cof^ «<p ^ 1 %5 r , y ,
R < ? i ^ : 1 - 7 , 7-13, 13-19, 19-1(25)

2-8. 8-14. 14-20, 20-2(26)
YCm: 5-11, 11-17, 17-23, 2 3 - 5
&-12, 1 2 - 1 8 , 1 8 - 2 4 , 2 4 - 6 ( 3 0 )
B (?F^ : 9 - 1 5 , 1 5 - 2 1 , 2 1 - 3 , 3 - 9
1 0 - 1 6 , 1&-22. 2 2 - 4 , 4 - 1 0 .
f53i 8 8 ' 2 4 4 C T M «l*i5t<Wi3M^ w m C ^ l ^ ^ i n t f ^ l
^.V 8 wr%^ ifl^l 1 ^ ^ ^ VJl^W^ T r f W ( E x p l a n a t i o n the pitch factor and

distrilbution f a c t o r ) 8
f^tP'FIt*?! ( P i t c h f a c t o r ) : *l^l«lWi3«i1 TKt*rtf*f ^5Rf^ ^ R t f ^ o CTR^ra TR«1T 1 ^ m«1T CT
«nc?5 TjTc^ ;£f^ c f m I ^ <t>c^w^ 15^ R ' f f t ^ msir ^ I^PP C T H f ^ m ^
^ I^ ctm ^ ^55rf»rc5?i ^W<Î!a<^JH 1 % % ^ 'm'^ i80°7
=> p = 180° - a
Contents
CôfC^ -J?:?;^^ CÎC^St f^m<^ CTlt^ (Arithmetic S u m ) . ^sfRt^ ^ ^ i f ^ ^'f5lptc&

TOM ^sfltCM ^»1T C=^t1^ 1 8 0 ° lira Croicc - ^ r f ^ s i R c ^ c t : ^ ^ 1 : 5 ^ . iif^f^
^ ^ "lic^jw(MW< pyrites c^!c^c«si<i C5%? ( ? n * m
= V E s 2 + E s 2 +2Es. E s Cosa
= V2Es2 +2Es2 C o s a
= V2Es^ (1+Cosa)
= -y2Es2x2Cos2|
= 2Es Cos o=/2
Contents
, , p , . ^ , K p . ? l ? M
= Cos a/2
= Cos[—2—J
= Cos(90°-pV2)
= S i n P°/2
t ^ l ^ R ^ ^ R t ^ (Distribution f a c t o r ) :
«iî<!wt>c<i< '^ftwi? vsTntf^^ stl^c^flî mi s r f w F ^ w®f% ^ votcw^c<t» 'Sj^ ITO?
^sintfei 2tf% ctrcsTJi 2tf% c ¥ i ; i ^ ^ f t o ^ O P T '©f^ra c ^ t f ^ w^m ^ "s^ i ^
'Sft;:^ t, ^ (Resultant) ^W3f% 4«W'Sl t, i^f^f
2(f^ Cttl?? ^ «lf^W(.«t^ ^^C?I5f©t% ^ ^ ôtW 4^C*tHCBCi3y9 vSTJl^'v ^ I lilt

^s^ltfeîii^ ^^scM'sl^ra c ^ ! ^ ?R*fpr ^ «fm?f c^Tc^w ^ >e^n^
^, c f t w mi fitf^ c ¥ c ^ ^<if^v6 ^^c?Fmf% ^m^ w ^^^rt^ ^sm;^ ^SK^

t , liW, ^'^ ( R e s u l t a n t e.m.Q W ^ ^®KfW ^ 'Si ^ s ? ^ £ f f ^ C^lcnJst f t ^ T H
^ I ' © ^ m ^ f ^ ^ R ^ * R W l t ^ ^ (3^«f (Breadth factor) I O ^ f ^ R>!SR!£«R "Wl^,
«î)WHU3t'5'i» v3Tnti^°v-iil ^S,*!^ 5=lf|| CÎC^'Sf
liRst ^ ' S R f ^ ^TOW ' S l ^ t , liW, iiPF-iil?f îmref (ÎT'm I
s l f % c f 1 i s r a t W ' * G a < > J R l ^ ^ 180°
••••.?y-. ••.
tM s ^ > . ^ (t)
2tf% C f l W ^ 2tf% C ^ r s f ? csrit c^n-^t = mP ^ <7PPT ( P h a s e s p r e a d Angle) ^ I
Contents
CtMg « K t WtC'nJet = m E s . Es ^ £tf% TOi:^ C ^ K ^ , ^JtOT?! •src*^ Tl?^ti?r^

C ^ l 1 ^ ^ * f H P, m t ^ ( ; # t ^ A B C D E ^ ^ 3 R r a « t t i X I ^ ^ < 3 ^ ' 5 j ^ ' t f ^ ^ . ^ l Y'^^^
OA = OB = OC = OD = OE = r
O F l AB ^ OA=OB A F = F B = ^ AB,
.-. AB = 2 A F
^STHl?, AOAF CtC^, A F = OA Sinp/2
= rSinp/2
.-. E s = AB = 2 A F = 2 r S i n p/2
m E s = m X 2 r SinP/2
= 2 m r SinP/2
^tm^ C t m ^ n t ^ s . f ^ CôlC^CStH AE = 2 r S i n mp/2
2 r SinmP/2
~ 2 m r sinP/2
S i n mp/2
^ " m Sinp/2
1%, t ^ , W4Ctl«Hb C?0^ 4C«C«1< ^*fin ( D e s c r i p t i o n F r a c t i o n a l p i t c h .

Full pith, Half coiled a n d whole coiled winding) S
^t'«!jt^[?rtft T M t ' f i f ^ T|*f& c f t ^ i^?rp?5 ^ s t ^
TOC^^ ix'>II^C^< i j ? ^ Cfm (Pole pitch) ^ I
-•TORI
TOM (Coil span) ^ I TOM C»fM t^RM
(Full pitched) ^\ ^ ^ < 3 %f5t ^ ( S h o r t pitched)
?(Nt ^ I f53[ ^.ii8 C5 Cff»IH I TOM 1 % ^ ' f i t ^ I
Ci.,ff!^*P?Mt%.l
#;g8^.i8TOMt^
i. S TORM? ^ 'Tit® ^Wttff^ f ^ f f t ^ C^TSR ^ ^<fs, lilW^ ^
'iltc^'si ^ -JT^ iib-o° t w 4 ^ < w H 1 ^ "'stc^ 1% ^ lit f t c ^ c^.i* fscg cpr»rH •s^qrc^ i
^«iff«, iib-o° ^ s n ^ NSTJF (t^ 9ftW ^ a t ^ ^Tllt^^-^ I ^ a f t ^ ? C ^ t C ^ ^ t t « f ^ I W W S t H c U ^
TOM ^>fltCv5 CôlC^St lira <#sit<^ E c lil^^ iil1^ ^ 1 % ^llltf^l ^ «rfC^ ^

CôlCê?^, E c + E c = 2 E c .
^ ; ? t ^ » t ^ 8 l i r a ^ T O R ? ! ? T ^ y m ^ ^ i 8 0 ° tc^R^S^M M t s ^ i t c ^ ^ ^stw
2Ft^^*PtM ^ I lii^ ^ ^ I liiik^ oo\(.^^ ^ «rfc^ ^ \
liiOT^ c ^ t c ^ ^ o >itQ (Tqt»t -^tt ^ 05%? <?it»t I w t "f^T 1 % ^mtfî -lii CT t f ^ f c « t c ^ l t ^ ^
CW, l i t CTO ^ ^ ™ ^ ttOTIt ^ 1
Contents
^8
112|3|4,5 i6 |7 [8^0 [11 jl2|13

pole -130°N
7 \
1 2 3 4 1 5 J.6 7 llO
p''40° 1 . pole
»- 1 1
/:
Ec Ec
35 3 1 0 1 3 . 4 p o l e 3 . 3pon
^ ^ P O P T (Half CoU) ^ (SH^PC^PT riVhole Coil) 8
c^^ntfe?, R?iw< •snsfiw ^fo-pun ^ ^ ^^m twc^ iii,i%,. c«m s n ^ M ^ lii^
^ ^ 1
i. ^TOR 8 ^ l « b ! ^ ^C?m W h o l e coil <i<|-SiN ^ I fiff^ a?m m^

Oa\(k^ CfCo ^ ^ ^5c?r5T <^j<-s^|< £|f^ <ron?i? %tIM ^?,«Ut w h o l e coil "^M ^°v«UH
^ I ^.i'l ^°sfk3| 'S 3 - C W 6 pole ^^l^lwBw?! ^ ^^C?m m 'Si^ ^ (^m ^ I ^
ôfsi ww< ' ^ t e ^?,'«irra ^ # ^ I ^«ff«,-5i'«R %7Sf i f ) ^ TO ^nt^
^ <iC?IW^ '«tTCSt^ ^ ? , « U H ^ I •5I'«R srf^ l i ) ^ TO TOÎ ^ n t ^ ^'«R

^ T O ^ f ^ ^ l
Group.ot- .•Coil
TWO C o i l
simple sketch showing one phase of a three-phase whole/culad wladlng for a sir-pole alteratce.
f535 8 ^ . i ' l 8 ^ T O « T '
^^.i'l frog ^ ^ ^ <?l TOl^ra 5F«t (p/2) I 2tf^ ^ K t ^t5T TO TO«T I i^lt
^ ^ H ^ TOMTOM ixiviH^lw w •^c?n:? CT ^WSM TOi^ra ^ ^ t ^ 'srf^ # f 5 l ^ tWC^ 2 R l f ^
^5:rî
^. ^TOR 8 W h o l e TO^T ^strsrat ^Rf ^''i^ % ^ TO^ ^^'«U1 ^ I ^«ff«. i^lt
^ ^*t5T TO TOFT ' t l t ^ «ItTO I 3 - C ^ 6 CttW^ TOfÎ ^4|^|<WI3m< ^tlC^'bltl
«Tnt%«s m ifRsf^ ^ ^.ib- fsczi (yrm ^ i totî <)j«)îii <Mwt^Jsfl«^-Hh ^ *ti?^f»fF « T l l t f ^ ^ <£i^ ^ ' f t (Advantases o f F r a c t i o n a l p i t c h winding)
O. fiToK TO ^ W f C«IC^>St N 3 W » ^ ^SWil^^-^sn^ ^ TO I

8. c«n^>st ^>Tit=^-^w» "^^^mi c ^ f c ^ mm ^ ^«it liif^ w[ i^wi I^>ICBC<(>I>I ^ TO
JlRc^D m«lU 1 ^ 1 8 0 ° I TOH^ ^ ' T l t c ^ ^lîU 1 8 0 ° lil^ Croi
lilt ^¥lt^?.-iil ^SM? ffwSTR (3f^
O. f ^ l f ^ ^Tntf^'y- lil ijl^TOM>\\\Ois>l**lf¥v6 W ! T M [ t ? r T^«fR (Solved P r o b l e m s r e l a t e d t o p i t c h &

distribution f a c t o r )
I W T - ^ . i i . i : 4 0 "SQ mi 4 cm Rf'tt ^C^MwUmÎ TOR 1 10 ' S I ^
8 (yim "sm, ^fv'^ = 40

C1M ^ l ' ^ = 4
'S5 40
CfHf^ ^ = ^ = ^ = 10
= 180°
TOM "MTH 1 10 6 7 ho 11
TOKt^ = 10 - 1 =9
-P=162°
WHMjt^lSO" 9
po ^. = X 1 8 0 = 162°
a = 1 8 0 ° - P = 180° - 1 6 2 ° = 18° f6a[ 8 c^. ii.i
( pox igO
y 18°j = S i n - 2 - = S i n 8 r = 0.988
^, = Cos 2" = C o s - g - = Cos9° = 0 . 9 8 8
40 10
4X3" 3
180° 180°
Sln(mP2)
m SixP
10X18
Sin
3X2
^XSin 18/2
Sin 30° 0.5
= 0.961
10 "3.333X0.156
Sin 9°
"tTTT 1 ^^C^ 1 4 <5^p»r t^«6r ^ 1
^«niT8
a t 7T»vSlTt = 90-
Cfm= 6
TOR ''UH = 1 C«IC^ 14
3FI^»RH t^f^ c a t 7i«^'«Um) = 1 4 - 1 = 1 3 Kp? Kd= ?
Contents
Î'^NWlJW'!) CIS
13X180°
~ 15
= 156°
.-. TFlU?, Kp = S i n {P°/2) = Sin
= S i n 7 8 ° =0.9781
180° 180°
P"fitf^ftWa^3Tl«lTt~ 15
90
a|f% C»mM firf^ 3i^«lTt m = =5
Kd =
m S i n (3/2)
Sin(m3/2)
S i n (5x 12°/2)
5 Sin
Sin 30° 0.5 0.5
= 0.9569
- 5 Sin 6° - 5X0.1045 ~ 0.5226
w m - ^ ii.vs : ^ 2 5 0 r. p.m * I ^ N W i 3 w < GfftitRi 5 0 H Z I ^ «>I^Mwt;w^ al5 ?T ^
Ns = 2 5 0 r. P.m.
f=50HZ
1?5 3io«lTt= 2 1 6
Kp = ? K d = ?
,w „ 120f 120X50
^(mJnwgw?) c*fM'Ti^m, p = = ' ~ ^ 5 o ~ = ^
C?IC^ *(^ltlW"i5«l|lB ^rejpf^ 'QTntfe's (TRS^ ^ f^m TFJtt?, =1

180° _ 180°
•^"fitt^CflCSRSf ~ 9
216
"^''24X3"'^
t ^ m ^ ^ . K d = ^ H | n ^
m S i n p/2
r3x20°"\
20°
3 Sin - 3 -
Sin30°
^^3 S i n 10°
= 0.9598
Contents
f^•AÂ^rt^<^'f^Â^r^^
i I f^"^FItl?rf%? f^^mf^:, b o , b<?, 'o^, 'otj

% *IICifb|W?l ' " t t ;^T^*f5TR ^TTlt^^ ^ m^ TOIW?t TjfS "^î^ ^ « , » f ^
fmtPfm: 'oi, 'o(t, 'o\b, ot]
( ^ ) "JEW ^ ^ f n s R i *#srt«f ^ Tfct I
(»f) cmnJe* <3C?I^ 7^ ^ ^ 3 ^ lilttSs'-SilCtl^ <3 f^>ICl3Ctlf>R ^ |

« I SjWtfl « n B l ^ ^ ^ ^ 1%? IWHTfîm :• 'o(t, bit, b <?/
% W f ' * f t ? "Q^ltl^^ ^ # r f ^ TO fifTC^-
êintfe^^spSiwTB^ ^ ^ R C a p m -sfBi:?!?! ^si^TOrm (Hunting) ^ TO 1
C»l) OTltfe^ 3-(p ^ • i S K w U C i K ^SPR. ( U n b a l a n c e ) (TITCM ^^nm f^<H W
( f ) l>IH(i*HI>l <3Tnt%l TRTCTT t^^sft ^ ^ I -
^ i % mi Tim ^ 'f^tg *I«H51IIW13« îjiRic^^ c f m ^mt^ ^ ^ 1 ^sufst? t f m i t ^ ,
^ t ^•Diifl'wtswf) ^BTfcîw ' G T n t f e i -ifi TOci« ijft s r t t c ^ • s i w r a ?i?«fR iso'
t ? ! ^ iBTW?! ' 3 r f ^ (r?it 1?^ ifi?^ ^ ! 3 ^ ^ I^^^^ »t1% w ^ I ^

^fwÔJb nf^î Ts.'Q'm cm "î^ (2 ^ 4) ^ ^ 1
Contents
TO ^ iQî ^RWlPt^ ^ 5 # 5 ÛW® ^ ^ ^

I TOmf^'Q-?pTf^f%? • [m^^tPm:'00}
f5f5-?r!Mi :gsc?M f 5 ( ^ C ^ t i ^ ?n*f1^ Trfâ80° tC*1<>SÎM ^ ^'«R 15Ti:?P^ f %
^ I ,
I fi^l2lR^*PT Wt%< f%? fWM^ff^: 'hlr, 'hh, '00
g fit% CflFRI £ti% CTOT? W f | ^ TOM«T?n liWt 1 ^ m'JT ''^'TtM ^SfK? ^fl^t ^SPT^m
T ^ w s t, lii^ ( R e s u l t a n t e m ) ^5t^ 'Of^ W 'Qt ^^?RM aTf® .flâ^f Trtn
^ iil?|5t wis ^'<f\^TOM«M?Tt . (iW. liPF liRt Tt<r?[«f GSfi'^T^
fetn:^ lilt c f m ^ 180° I
^ 8 E l = V S X4. 4 4 KpKd (PmfT.
iSyg?r % "^m^^5i%m?itw ^--HjiPicti^ ^ f^lîHwî c'tm c?ii^ ^ ^ m r a ^ ^ i lii? ^t^c'fn i s o o r.

p. m ^ 3 0 0 0 r. p. m. ^ «ni7P I
i^b I 'fti'^KicHlSw^ ^sitc^fst? % e?rr«r 1 ^ ^sprtm ^?
^ g (i)3-(p ^^l<IM'gMil m # R I % ftp^ 'e*pTt3I TflU l ^ t t l i ^ p m ^ W l t T5W I
(;!,) I ^swmT^ ^sndiH 'Sift ^ OT, ^ ^pTi:^ »i%»n^ «nt^ ^mit,
(vS) "SIlCTBl^C^ I^COtt ?t<f ^ I

(8) m^tei ^ ^ I
g ^ i ^ s r ^ ^ c - a ? ! c % 1 ^ I T "sfi'cf&tis ^ TO frswi * f i w t t ' * f i w ? [ * f ? , ^ (Alloy

steel) 'rt * f m t WRUR fl?t M lW i slM> % w •w\ I
^ 1
4 ^ 8 'apd'awUcî^ 'aiic^bK (78^ c m ? ifl(^<i|w^ i ^ ij? w i ? îcjfbM ?t c?n?
t S l ^ 8 ^•15BCT'Bct!« C?1^ ^ SWOra W «ltWi I TflsJI-

(^) fJlf^T:!^ •?rt 2fOT«lsnS«i C*fm C?ffB?I i (Sallent or projecting pole rotor)
(^) vFisiTtliii:;?!^ ^ 1 ? i ^ ? 5 T M c»ft?f c?lft? I ( N o n - S a l l e n t o r Cylindrical pole rotor)
Contents
8 1 ^ , t%, c€fHt«i5w< ^ c^\iM ^SitH^ TO CT cfm ^ o f ^ ^

*tj.iPnii^J c f m ^ I i£it >iJiPi4ii^3 cTR?! 1 ^ TOM c^\fm f^, -Pf, ^ ^ r a ^ 1 w . - g ^
8 >HlPlC?J^5 CTM ^ ^ I < H 1 ; W < cm ^tiPid (MRt? ^^^5^ <i<ii}< ^ ^ IWf ^
1 5 0 0 r. p. m ^ 3 0 0 0 r. p. m. ^ « r t W I CTM ^°v'«Ut 4 l t ^ 2 l t ^ I ^•^NWlJ'Sl^lsTt
8 PiPtl^<>jw cTM c^mB '^\^ ^"v"! «rR:^ ^ '^î^ ^ i liit
^ TOR <3^rtt%if^?
8 W t w m ^ C^tJWtl 2ff^ l i l ^ TTM TO57 ^#n:?I CT 'QTnt%° ^ ^ ^stC^ i^l^ ^

(Single layer) ^ T l l t f ^ l ^ I i£R5 ^ vsTIltf^^ ^"v'tJt a t 7r°^:sut ^ I .
I (Double layer) ^ T T t t f ^ ^ t ^
^ s m r , TOR ^ (sjsT TOR ^s?rtt%^f^?
^ 8^^WWl3w< ÎCvfblM CT «Trttf^°v ii5 S{f% TO TOR ^ 1^-^
^ T T l t f ^ l ^ I f ^ - ^ ^Tnt%«, ifl "^CTR Î'stJt a t ^??lTt?I ^ . - ^ tt"^ ' ^ ^ ^ (Full Coil) ^
cm ^^C?R (Whole Coil) ^Tnttî^ ^ I
^"b I f»f5 'Q^lltl*^ <Pjiic.<l<l "SIR
8 1
c'rRt?'Sp*tf^?
8 ^ ' ^ N W t « < m s f m ^Tlltfe?, ifl atf^ C^ra li^l atf^ CftlRiI CT TOR «ftC^- ^sTC^
ff*nTif^
8 ^'^NWtM<!l
acB ^^ri^ S5^ 2 t % ? r o S^Tntiî
âR^ RsfSR^ct^ f? CT^ i TOR
^ ^ «ftC^ »«H4<C i£|?5|t
TORÎ^TI i ^ ^ vsr^P
acBa^^TRSI
Contents
oi
f'^mPl^: 'o(t, 'o'b, 'o'ij
Sinmp/2
Sinp/2
o I l^mPm: 'o'bi
8I Vill^ f^? £f|%*fIiliT ^ I
(t\ ^ I 4 * H H 'Qirltf^l vflF? ^«<T f^?
•b I
SI w t « t m >s?ritf%i f^? w t - ^ ^TTitfî ifiiT ^ (M'sf I
b-l 'ifl?pf& 1 2 ?r5 4 Cffr «(k>ri>tt<i<) ifl'^ ^ ( (Single layer) ^«(ltR»l'^ I
[wmf^: 'o(t, 'oh]

^ 8 C^.S.^l^5qCB5iTCfr«l I
^ 8 C^.S^l^Sf^C^spf cffjl I
v5 1^ "^FJlfeRf ^ ^ OT<r^ CT, Kp = Cos ^
^ 8 C^.Si ^-^^ Cfft I
^ ! TO ^PJttsI ^ ^ ? (0.94)
TO? (0.96)
>mt? W ? (0.96)
Contents
imi»iiMiuiiinHiiniiiMinMinHM»iiiHiiniiiiniiHiiiiH[MiiMiiuiiMiMii»MniuHMiinii»iiiiHMi»i»inHiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Principle of e m f equation of allternator

iitHmiMnHMinMiiiiiMiMnmiiiiniHiinniiHiiiiHiiuiniHiHiiMuiiiiiHiniiMiiMiiiiiHMMiiiniiMiMiiiiiiHiitMiHMHMimMniiHnmMinimril
o.i ? t , '^'^ i^l^P^t'f?! ^!JWt (Description o f e m f equation)

z = >iitC^bl«< aifaWW'?! fH^lft^ (Conductor) '^tM I
= 2T T ^ 5#OT:®f<t TOWa t t < (Turn) ^ ^ ^"vflt
P = C1M 'Tîn
<t) = Nsr^rra stf% cfiiÊra S F I ^ " f f ^
Kd = I s t S R ^ ^ cgvsst ^PTt^
_ S i n nip/2
™ " m S i n p/2
Kp = -JPUta ^ TOM ^ T H
Kr = Êp^ ^spJlt^ = 1.11
N = stf^ t ^ t ^ (?gf5ra? ^t%^n I
Ci^ ^SSi^m W 1 vidcifbW ?PT^ ^ ^ s t ^ ' t ^ T R ^ iPlC^t?
d(t) = <t)Xp = p(j)
N N
d({)
e =Z
dt
P<t)
e = (2Tl.
60/N
2TpN(|)
• e = 60
= ( ^ ) - . T
=>e = fX4<j)T
PN
e = 4(t)fr f=
120
= 4<!)n'xi.ii
= 4.44({)fr— (o.i)
^ f r a t ^ ^ ' # ^ < # ^^5113) vilicvfbifi întf^°v "^^#r5 \s <)>'(c>iHcS(;l3>i vsintfe^ i^ra cwu^ i •AiR^biij
Contents
Ep = 4 . 4 4 (t)fr XKpXkd
= 4 . 4 4 KpKd(t)fr- iÂ)
(p ^^SC?^M ^ = 4.44KpKd(|)fr X 10-8
*I^KW15W$1 ^\WbH ^ > T ? 5 ^ ^ ^ CÎ^, EL =V3Ep

= ^ X4.44KpKd (l)fT
^ ^ I t l W l J ^ C5^ ^ ^ CÎC^Si E L = E p = 4 . 4 4 KpKd(|)fT
o.^ ? ^ N W l R ^ , tMH^lwTJH, ^ r a w i l ^ (Harmonics, fimdemental, third and
fifth h a r m o n i c s )
esrc^ ^ & $ ( : i i R t < ^ l ^ t ^ T j « f t 1 , 2 . 3, 4 , 5 . 6 , 7 ^
f ^WWlRÎ f. 2f, 3 f 5f, 6f. 7 f ^ 1

t^lt^t'St^ TfsrR l i f ^ c ^ R l R p t t i^|<WlfH^C<l» ^ H i b l W ^ (Fundemental) A N « I H 4 | 1
cîc^cstii v s ^ « f t s , 3 f & f raf*( f ? f ^ c o R ^ ^8^:?roc^ ^ s f h i (3rd) ^ m w f f ^ I
^ i ^ K w ' C ^ ?T uQ, f%, t ^ i w U c i w (t's^ ^«lts, 5 f S>^(.Î*i t ^ f t t cîC'^'St Nsw« ? t
(fifth) ^ N W l R ^ I ? W I f, 3f, 5f, 7 f % f C # f f ? f ^ ^si:!r5t}to 1 ? i ( T ^ (odd) ^ N t M l P i ^ i£Rl
2f, 4 f , ' e f . 8 f S-^wRl 1 ? f ^ ^sr?r»«1%C^ C^sn^ (Even) ^ K W I I H ^ ?C5n
2 Harmonit
'if
t M - o . c j , (?s) -in *i»HÎ(,i)^3M, 2 n d , 3 r d , 4 t h ^ W W i P i w ^ fpaj ^ 1 ^ J ^ m w ^ ^^;?R;«?(

I
^SRTRT A K W l R ^ I >Ql?r« ^ f r a t s R f T S f TO, TOT ^ >Q^:?IUo? ?T >l 1^1*1 il^M ( S i n u s o i d a l ) ^QiCTHI^?
I
^ - i n t <3w«c«^ (Complex wave) ? t (Distorted wave)
Contents
08 iii.1^c#m-;t
El=VEi^+E5^+E7^+ —
El, E 5 , E 7 ^ tpl^lw'CM, « W ^MWlRcÔ ^5T#I^ (r.m.s) C « l ^ I ^^JKm PiC^CVIH

^tlt^ ^ RSStWil ^ s ^ m a C^H*BC'Sr <0Tl RhjVH 1 " ^ T M H ( > I C ^ « RiSgM ^ ^
^Hrr (?it I
^t,f5F ^tc*?!? ^ t^lc^'Sf ^ t*p«rt«ltêf c ^ t w r a > m 1 5f. 7f, 1 I f
^raWlf^^fsRt ( ? f t » T ^ ^ ^ I 3 r d ^ I ^ J W t R ^ «fira CTt't^Plt "5^^ ^ C^tC^Sf I TOT
>ll5ll$WJt^ 2Rt!t^ ^ I lilt 'm'VM t H c ^ ^ 3rd ^ CÎC'n;C«S?'S]
^ ^ iil¥(;i3«i ^ ^ TO I^ c s ^ ^f!^ *i^Nwt3«< c«lc^» ^ ^fln ^wwiR^'
C p = E m l S i n x +Ein3 S i n 3 x +Ein5 S i n 5 x +
E m i = ^ I W ' B l W i J T i c ^ eo|C*i5®t
E m 3 = ^fitTl ^J^CsntÎC^ Oot^
Em5 : f ilKWlRc^m ^ i T C ^ C^lt^Sj
va.va : ^MC»)lRt4|<I ^'Rr 1 % <ir^ f^QRSlM *PJlSWil (Effect o f p i t c h a n d distribution f a c t o r

upon'harmonics)
^ TPH'bRitnJlw^l ^ f*f^ C ^ f ^ (chording) C ^ f (angle) «= ^ ^51^
•JpTSlW^BR^ f*f^ ^Pn%?I, Kpi = Qosa/2
vaTI Î<«|R(.«^ % ^ R l ^ , Kp3 = C o s 3 a / 2
«tltlCi||RtÔ -JPIt*?! K p 5 = C o s ( 5 a / 2 )
^<ft^ ^Hrr, « w ^Bwrt^c^ ^ *ltf c^«f ^ T O ^ i 3 a . 5 a •^Ri 7 a ^^sTrtTf. ^fii%? tot
Sin(mp/2)
~m Sin(P/2)
S i n (nmP/2)
~m S i n (nP/2)
iil'«m?T n = 1. 2 . 3 . 4 — — - - ^ r a w l f ^
V>I*IC»IÎW^ iSRJ, n =l.Kdi
S i n (mp/2)
~ m SinP/2
Contents
S i n (5mp/2)
^5"mSin5p/2
^ (Numerical value) C^tC^s CT^ m CT, W s ? ^ H W t f ^ ^ ^ R>lBf<S*PT ^Flttora "SfH
TO ^ f?*fm ^l<CV||Pi4| C«!C*i5et <3 ^ -5? I TOT ^HC»lt(H« îmr^ (Distortion)
w i T t - ^ . 8 . i : <ss^ 3-(t), 1 6 cm 'î^ *i*Biwt;w'fl arfî^R^ 1921^ ^ I £tf%

8i^ » t f t ^ ^m:^ « £tf%i?ro^ *ff?^t1^t^ t ^ r f ^ 1 5 0 ° ^ fi(f% c » m m
64 i^lftrgom I ' c<< P^HC^HM ^ t 1 % m 3 7 5 r .
^Î^h5 p. m . «l*i5Mw'Bw^
^tBWWlJM^ cm "^tM = 3
^ =192
ail^WCSt t f ? ? 1 % = 8
TOi^nrR, p ° = 150°
i>RC2mm t f r o t , N = 375 r. p. m.
CftCSRl IFf^ (]) = 6 4 m w b = 6 4 X 1 0 - 3 wb
TFJtm, Kp = S m ( y ) = sin ( ^ ^ ) = Sin 75° = 0.966
' ^ = 12
~ 16
192
= 4
" 16X3
= ^ = 1 5 °
^4X15°^
Sin 2 J
Sin 30°
4 S i n (15°/2) " 4 S i n 7.5° = 0 - 9 5 8
192
21^ CTORI^^??IT! = - 3 - = 6 4
Z . = alf^WCSrsi ifB5f??Ut x «(t% wi5? i f M l f l ^ "^V^

= 64X8
= 512
Contents
^ Z 512
T = 2 = ^ = 256
^ PN 16X375
^ ^ ' f = T 2 0 = - 1 2 0 - = 50HZ_
E p = 4,44Kp Kd(pfT
= 4.44X0.966X0.958X64X10-3X50X256
=3366V
EL = V3 Ep ,
= ^ 3 X3366
=5830V.
^^.8.^: i f l ^ 1 2 3 cm, 4 C^, 1500 'Pt, ^Pf? *I^MWl3W< s t f ^ R ^ '5l^?.'«m 3 2 . 3 I

vsi^Hw'G^n? TOM ointfe's-ii} 1 ^ t C ^ 4 TOM ^ 0.0258 I ^
a^?,'«ljt= 12
JPT^, (t) = 0 . 0 2 5 8 w b
(?Fgf ^^titjf = 3
CtM, P = 4
nfrot, N = 1 5 0 0 r . P . m .
fitfTORSfa'Bl'^'N'tl!, T = 32.3
TOM*^ 1%^4
C«tMt^ ?t ^«Tf^ = ^ = = 3
TOM'^s 1-4
TOM 1^(5X180° 3X180°

= - ^ = 1 8 0 °
.-. f % ' R l ^ , Kp = S l n ( l ^ ) = S i n = S i n 90° = 1
„ 180° 180°
P = m l 5 f ^ = - 3 - = 60°
1 o
fiff^f^M 2|R>(.*fte? a^l'tJt, m = =1
Contents
S i n (mP/2)
m S i n P/2
" 6 0 °
I x S i n -TT
Sin 3 0 °
"Sin 30°-^
PN 4X1500
^ ^ f = T 2 0 = - T 2 0 - = 50HZ
E p = 4.44KpKd(!)fT.
= 4.44X1X1X50X32.3X0.0258
= 185V
S «.8.>S : v£|-5pft înJMWlJt^ 1 % # l f ^ X5«trR^ CSTOTTT "^tSJ^ = 1 4 4 , C*I1*T = 8 , ^ , 1 ^ ,
i«W = 9 0 0 . alf^ TOroT ^??ITT = 6 , <Hntf^^ 3-<|>,
^ . c«ra c s T c ^ , < 'Tit^ cm^ I fmrf^: 'oo,
144
" 8
=18
TOR'=»U1^ l ^ C ® 16
TORt^=16-l = 15
TOR1^X180°
15X180°
= —18—=150°
'PTft?!, Kp = Sin(P°/2) = S i n { ^ ^ - ^
I ^ = S i n 75°=0.966
* » ^ < : ^ ^ , P = ^ = ^ = i o °
Ctti^f CTO isft^?,'»m m = ^ =6
^^KT^ S i n (mP/2)
/'6X10°Y
Sin 30°
= 0.956
^ 6 X S i n (10°/2) "6XSIn5'
Contents
r. rv PN 8X900
^ ^ ' f = T 2 0 = - 1 2 0 - = 60HZ
ipra, (1) = 1 . 8 x 1 0 6 ^
= 1.8x106x10-6 = 0.018wb.
TOM <3Tntf^îil
TOM ^°s'«llT = ^ I ' t J T = 1 4 4
«lt% TOl^ %tU ?rt ^?.'»lTt = 6
CVjfS ^ < = TOM 'T°s'«m X Sff%TOHM1>\<^tM
= 144X6 = 8 6 4
2ffOT?St? W ^"s'tJt, T = - 3 - = 2 8 8
(^) srtTOK^ ^«,»t^ CalC^St
Ep = 4.44KpKd (l)fr
= 4.44X0.966X0.956X0.018X60X288
= 1275.36V
1 . «Tlt^ C®R%^
E L =V3Ep = V3X 1 2 7 5 . 3 6
=2208.995V.
wrrr s «.8.8 : 4 c»tm, 3-<|), SOHZ. ^^«g^^5pBt?rc^ eol^ ^ ai1^^ 2f& • f f ^ ^ m ^
<£|^l C%T?? 'ei[ilt%l ^ ^ (Double l a y e r ) 1^f*tt i TOR 1 1 3 . 1 % = ? 6 6 0 0 V tltc®
filf^ c*ttT?Rr Îcsio 'STR w^stc??
C»fMf^?t^l»f5 =^ = 1 5
TOM1-13
TOMf^^TÎ^ = 1 3 - 1 = 12
TOMf»t5Xl80°
12X180°
= --T5-=144°
.-. Kp = S i n (P°/2) = S i n = Sin72°
Kp = 0 . 9 5 1
- 180° 180
P = C ^ = l5-=12°
60 ^
"^ = 4 X 3 = ^-
( 5X12°\
^ - •- - • I ^ _ 0 9 5 7
^ " m S i n ( p / 2 ) - 5 S , „'^-^"^
( J f ) -"-^^^
«Ttt^ C5t#®f, E L = 6 6 0 0 V .
Contents
EL 6600
cm tvstC^St E p = = 3810.51V.
V3 V3
=20
"3X2
"Sfm, E p = 4 . 4 4 Kp Kd (pfT
=> 3 8 1 0 . 5 1 = 4 . 4 4 X 0 . 9 5 l X 0 . 9 5 7 X ( p X 2 0 X 5 0
3810.51
=><P - 4 . 4 4 X 0 . 9 5 1 X 0 . 9 5 7 X 2 0
= 0 . 9 4 3 Wb. '
v3.8.ff : 6 6 0 0 V , 3-<|), 2 0 Ctm, 3 0 0 r . p . m . ' f & R T T « p m t *l^l<Wl3W 1 8 0 l ^ ^ ^ s i t C ^ I TOM
'îrm 1 6 0 " ^q^âtf^tftc^ 8 0 3 w b ft>QlIfmil I s i t ^ t ^ ^^.''m -il^^ stf% ' ^ t o s ?
1 QQ
E L = 6600V.
C»iMf^ = - ^ = 9
„ 180 180 3-(t)
180
P=20
^~c^xcm
180
N = 3 0 0 r.P.m.
20X3'-^
S i n (mp/2)
Kd = Y -'T^Mn
m S i n p/2
sm (
3X20°
~2
TOM"^, F = 160°
20°
3Sln
= 0.96 d = 80mwb
= 80xl0r-3wb.
160°
Kp = S i n (P°/2) = S i n — ^ ^ = S i n 8 0 ° = 0 . 9 8 5
PN 20X300
f= = 5 0 HZ.
120" 120
EL 6600
Ep = = 3810.51V.
"Sftm E p = 4.44KpKd(|)fT
Ep 3810.51
- 4.44KpKd(t)f~ 4 . 4 4 X 0 . 9 8 5 X 0 . 9 6 X 8 0 X 1 0 ^ 3 X 5 0
=>T = 2 2 7
Z = 2T
=> 2 X 2 2 7 = 4 5 4 .
=>3Z = 3X454=1362 1362

2tf%%®f? f t ? ? l % =
180
=> 7 . 5 6 = 8l&
Contents
8o CSfpRTf- cj,
W m 8 vs.8.«b : f w >Qintfelt?t^*''iJ?s1^ 5 0 H Z , 1 0 C t H ^ 5 1 ^ (?T5C?fSI s r i ^ C f t ^ sff%C«R^ 21^ ?f5

^5rn:î£|^^s|f%^ 4l^<#?Tt^^5it^|ilf^^?R?i5i'»tjH ISO", *M<
' «9I0(*BH jpt^ 0 . 1 2 w b ifl^l^^
^Nt»lR4( Jpm,
»fH«9U»l*GH j F i r ^ 2 0 % ; ^ ^ aff% ^ « , * f ^ <^l<<fQ f^^^fff*^ i
P° = 1 5 0 °
.-. a = 1 8 0 ° - P ° = 1 8 0 ° - 1 5 0 ° = 3 0 ° •
.-. K p l = Cos a / 2
( 30°^
^ 1 = 0.966
m = 2.P=10
stf^ CfTCÎ ^ = m X 3 = 2 X 3 = 6
• r2x3on
S i n (mp/2) I 2 J Sin30°
- msinp/2 2XSin30°/2 = 2 S i n 15°
= 0.966
= 2X10 = 2 0
= 20X4 = 8 0
Z _8q
.. T = 2 = 2
(i)l=0.12wb.
.-. •JPPTSI Cî^M T r < ¥ ? C«IC*5>St ((?|5W)
Epl = 4 . 4 4 K p l K d i (Pi f r
= 4.44X0.966X0.966X0.12X50X40-
= 994.37V.
KP3 = Cos [ - ^ ) = C o s ( - ^ J
= 1 ^ = Cos 4 5 ° = 0 . 7 0 7
Sin(3mP/2)
mSin(3p/2)
(— 2 — J
3X2X30°^
^3X30°^
2XSin (^-J
= 0.707
•2X0.707
Contents
<t>3 =5>«t>l X20% =^X0.12 X0.2 = 0.008

.'. Ep3 - = 4.44Kp3 kd3 d s (31) T.
= 4.44X0.707X0.707X0.008X3X50X40
= 106.52V.
Ep= VEpi2 +Ep32=V(994.37)2 +(106.52)2)

= Ep = 994.37V
^gvs^^T]^ ^nt^ c«n:#^, E i = y 3 E P i = ^ X994.39
= 1722.25V.
= 1000.05
«.8.«^ g l i l ^ 3-<t) >4|Î^Hl3W^ 2J1% C^tt^St 2 3 0 V ' f t ^ 1 0 %
T!JT*}m 8 El = 230V, E 3 = 230-XlO% = 230X0.1 .
= 23V.
E5 = 230X6% = 230X0.06 = 13.8V.
Ely = ^/3 V E 1 2 + e 5 ^ = V s x V 2 3 0 2 +13.82

= V3X230.41
= 399V.
E l a = 230.41V.
W O T - «.8.V l i l ^ « C W , 8 C f H , 4 0 V I l t w i M : , ^ ^'btt *£1^^ S f f ^ »rf%<f^
TSIT*IH8 [WP^^tRm: 'oi]

• 3-(p
P = 4. f=50HZ.
5f& = 3 6
f t M i t t ? Î'^m = 3 0
•3) (p=0.05wb.
3
aI Ep= ? E l =?
Kp=l.
Contents
8^ '^.^ C # m -
C ^ = f = f = 9
P = ^ = 20¬
36 _
= m =3 x 4 - ^
S i n (mP/2)
'^^ - m S i n p/2
,3x20\
Sin(—o—)
3xSln('^)
S i n 3Q°
'3SinlO°
0.5
"3x0.1736
0.5
= 0.5209
= 0.9597
36x30
T =
3x2
= i80.
Ep= 4 . 4 4 KpKd (pm fT
= 4.44X1X0.(597X0.05X180
= 34.35V.
. - . E l = V3 E p = V3 X 3 8 . 3 5 = 1 7 3 . 2 1 V
Contents
8vS
E = ^ . 4 4 KpKd (pfT
(*t) *l^t5lWl3w<l ^\(Ab\< ^ WlUw^ ^ t t ^ tfTO*t l T O F m *tf%m Cfl^ Î'tJl? ^ 1 ?
PN«s
(Til) i£l W « ^srtîSfenS? ^ Q ? l l t f % l K p « Kd i^

^1 3 - (p ^ • B l ^ c f B ^ tJlPT'll*! C6lC*Bcei4 ^ t»K I
E L = V 3 X 4.44KpKd(pfr.
p = -»fi?f^X 180°
= |xl80°=144°
.-. a = 180° - p° = 180° - 144° = 3 6 °
Cos
na
= 90
2
90X2 90X2
n =- a = 5
~ 36
4
l<iMPi(.<il:
FN.
Contents
88 iq.^r c j ^ m - ; ^ -
z
•3X2~6
HI 3-(p C4>H «>l*i5Mwl5«i5 îCifblM'fl l?T^^^'«UT i^f^Wim^'^V^
t&g?r 8 ,Ci^ TOR ^ T O R ^"s'Ût îwbN a t ^rs^^ t r h i ^ tor ^s^î Î'Ût

a t 7r?,'stm I
i» I AlflWlfHÎ t%?
, ^ 8 (^) *!>l*BMHt«<l *lIsiI>|V!9 ?Fm fÎ^R^-R I

(-SI) ^»wai1? lR«i^H I
8 î^NwISw ^ 1*1. f5r (5ic^w< v[«il2f^ciif5m ^rsn^ ^ m c m ^ ^ »PHÎ«^5M

*LWciiiPi-ai ^ . 1
i « i c^<53?rcsit1't^T^'W^t%^ I
b8 I (^HWet «l*B|<IC»ltM^ ^MC.illPl^'OlRT RilJilH ^WCillRÎ'©^^?

t&g?r 8 3-(p ^MJWwtwD l^m^ (odd) -^SiMwlRîsM tw^n^ <Ms îlcvilRîsM ^ i
I ^n^KHtc^^ %i« ^giiw f^?
• -pr««t(57.7%tt^îi?m^K5TI
("1) TOiw tH>iwR ^ I

(n) :3-(p c^nc^'HDit i-(p (Ri^ « ' i f t s m ^ ^ I
Csi) *)*t5|<Wl3w?l TOR W (Close) »t«t ôft TO R«mi 2 f f % w m ^ '<fit?I
^ I "sm %Rj îî^wUm^ tor f%5(lt'"^ »t«f ^ s f TO ^ ; R'mi c^>iii)'$w(15°s^^ti:?i^

Contents
§ ^ s ^p?^ *pjl^w a = 180°/3 = 6 0 °
.-. P° = 180° - 6 0 ° = 120°
^SrW?, P° rr^fS't^ X l 8 0 °
P° 120 2
180°-180 ~3
i I C « i ^ OT, 3-in;Mw'5w< ' f l t ^ C*lC*Bet E L = V 3 X 4.44KpKdcp fT. -i)?^ (?5^'r«:S^
C®t1?Bw E L = 4 . 4 4 KpKdCp fT. [wmPm: 'ob-J
^tm^ ^tm = 9 6 , CfH = 4 , m 1^. liW = 1 5 0 0 , (pm = 2.58x 10^ ^sijm^GOm; TOM = i -
»r#, 2tf% TORM %n:R Ti'«m = 16 -^^f TOM, ^siTit%^ --ii ^rtt^ c^str^^ ?5^?
(4.6KV)
WITt-* I 3 C^, 12 CTM, ^ <MW<>Cl5^J» *I^WWl3«< 144f^ ^ ^SffC^ ifl^?, 8f^ TO
ifl^l 2tf% C ^ R : ^ w i t ? 15T%^ T ? . ^ I "^^W^T 150° tM^P^?5jH I
C ^ l H ^ t f r o n ^ 5 0 0 r. p. iil?l2ff% C'llW? ( : ^ ? W < t ? » l f ? ^ « f ' ^ 7 2 f ^ > ^ ^
TO C5I%5T (Jm C o R ^ ^ ^ntrf C « R ^ lira i f ? ^ ^ "f^ TO ^ t^*^ I (2840V, 4919V)
vsi 4 CftOT? *l*Bt?wl5M 7 5 0 n n p "fl I ^ (^•Jt?lf^ ^ ? «iJlf &'Jttl(^ 60 c / s ^
w^5;c??
S 3 0 c/s; 9 r.p.m
8 I 'Si^ 3 CJFW 4 ^ 5 0 c/s tt? 'r^jmn ^«i>MHl>W< 361^ ^sfTCS^ I <^ CTTW? Jfim 0 . 0 5
g 3 1 2 0 . 8 Volt.
Contents
Effect of load on alternator

IIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIinilllllllllllllll iimiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimii
8 . i : C5ft®^W%sn?f&?r ( A l t e r n a t o r o n load)
'•3|Î<1W13C<)< '^\Wb\< 'Glfif'^M cm\ C?Ct ^ ?t (ralk?r «il4|ltl5lW<! >IIÎWJ 1%, 1 ^ , 'T^Wl^
t t l ^ ^ c«tM-(7n:5?5 ^5fR#m 2 R t f ^ TO ^ I ^'iJwwiJM^ ^<iilc<» (7n-(Miv5 (no

load) ^ f ? ^ ^ I
(7n-<Mi® ^ 5 i ^ t ? H B ^ ^snr#iira? ^îl^ (?TP& ^ ^ ^ ^'^wwUîw (Mt® ^
^^l<<wB<l ( o n l o a d a l t e r n a t o r o r l o a d e d a l t e r n a t o r ) IWlÛ^ *!R5(l>l<
ttt^HM c^R^&i ' f f ? ? ^ TO cîc-nJ^st ^f^t^r

^ . *(lcift>l< MfstB'o 5 t ( A r m a t u r e R e s i s t i v e drop) laRa.
. ÎWI^ ferMSjm 5 t (Armature leakage r e a c h ' v e drop) laXL
*t. *(lC>ft>l< lfl?IJl«l>«t^ Rvjt'^'BjI'l (Armature R e a c t i o n R e a c t a n c e drop) laXa
la
fM-8.i
*l^l<)Wl3Wtl CÎC*5St iil?°v ^ " n a F W E g ^^l?^ V TOf, <Mt® " 5 ^ ^ s f ^ CHlSc^
Eg = V + I a R a + j I a X a + j I a X L (8.i.i)
8 A : ^Î^WliW^ ^ t ? C?!t^tjm >fl^l % I T R % t m «P5R (Effect o f r e s i s t a n c e a n d l e a k a g e
reactance on an alternator)
^«=S|<W'GC<<] 'i>IIC>fbl^ <^CilW^ C<lfit^JM ÎC>fbl< C<fit^Jl^ R a I 2tf^ C T O f ? wfej^JM

R a ifiRI W fwra l a ^nra^ s R t f ^ C i r f i t f S ^ t TO l a R a ^ m:?^ ^ 1 % t-iCVCSt
«rn:^ i R a ^î? 'sih ^ ^^tnn wfeti^^ l a R a ^t«tj i c ? f ^ B ^ gritii ^ "s^^ CTUm?
1>||>?'hH C'PlC^'St TO ^ I ^stM? (^Ri^ -^"m^ (la^Ra) ^ , ^ W 5 t I
'6||C<bM RilJl^'Sil*! g • - ,
^*=S|<ltHi>(.<i<i ^RifbK f r o ?fR?t^ sRlfl;^ ^ ^ ^ I iXlt *lR<blt) I F R ^
V5[XI^ sîm *tRSfbN ^ *lR<bt<l ? ^ l 4 l 3 w < ^ W l t T ^ l ^ ^ t « f ^ TO I i^lt IFim
îRifbt'sl i r o s W F t ^ 1 I F R ^ " ^ ' ' f *lRifbRi5 ifM^ C « R ^ ^ (^m ârRpTR?
^ C^R^C>S!^ Ril»'!(i!b5)«1 TO ^ "55^ C^R*i5stC«|i <n*ff 1 * l R >St JeKm ^ - = 1 (TRJp t^^l't'tjl*! L = lii^ ^ ^ I lilt cwp tî^trm

la
^^f^ ^tftC^ ^ n : ^ %n^%m ^ l" CTlttnH twrR^trm (Potler r e a c t a n c e ) <3 ^ i
•^"la
.-. ^llCifbH l i j C ^ %m^Bl^ 5 1 , C L = l a X L
se F l u x
Stator Conductor
Leakage F l u x
Conductors
«IerB« 5 1 mt. Pica's? Rnrr^Brm 551 S«yc<5 ^'i5i<w'i5«<j ^^f^ cîc^^s? ^^#1;^ ^ 1 ^^[^!,
.•.Eg = V + l a R a + J l a X L
S.vo : ^(•BNw'Bw^l t , ««f, «il^ « ^ ^f^f "s^lWbM t l w t ^ * f C ^ fil^ (Effect o f a r m a t u r e r e a c t i o n o n
emf of altemater) «
îMjKwBwii «it<:sfbi(bH 2Klll>o ^ I lilt *)l<:5(bi<i ^^n:?R:%
ÎCifblW IFm 1 ^ IFTW 8tt^l3Rt TO ^^tW ÎtifbN 9ilJlO»*m JF\^
(Armature R e a c t i o n flux) ( P a r ^ I^ WtrsfetR ^ ^ f ^ IPt^ -<)|vs!W«lH g
F r a (|)F lii^ • ^ ' ^ ît^biw ^ ^ f ^ E g W i t ji.o° 9rn:^ 1 t ^ l ^ tt^siim ^qmte
îicifbM 1a ^ ^ f ^ cîc'i5«( E g iii?i ^yrft^ ^T^m I «ri? w n : ^ % m ^ * p f nn^ 1a lii^ ^^#0
Wft 90° f ^ t ^ «ttC5p I (|)AR lil^ " ^ = 1 *4ll«bl« ^?,«f^ C>6lCîS! E a r , E g li^ 1 8 0 ° R l # ® I TOT
w i w t c i ) ^ t t f ^ coicîst v t TO! 1 1 ^ it<3ira tfjit?! ' ^ i w n Iwt^^^tCT? c s t a ^ s i w f i

Contents
8b-
<Pf
•Par
<Pf
•Par
A
•Pr Ear
Ear 1 .
Ia
Ear
•Par
N - V t - ^
•Par Ia
^ ? p T ^ (cpR = (pp-<PAF?) CiSt'llwdJ^b c^lC-'Tist \o«tt iJlfif^M C<»lC'=l5>StTOT'?ft? I

^Tltf^?, 'tr^Q^ft? 'WiSw ^lt»rt>l'9 Rjul*?-^ 8
1 ^ F f ^ (PF ^ I W b l M t^^'IIWCl;^ C^tC^S? 9 0 ° TO I « ^ ^mf^S, ft<3TrB F T t o E g CÎC^
Ia,90° 1ÎCHbN I a <^-^ 'mZ'^ ^ I W ' b M i w ( ^ 5 * R im (t)AR, I a '^^
t^TCTOt I W f (1)AR, <t)F 1 8 0 ' ' • R f f t r a «ftW i ^ ^ l IFm TO ^ IliCTa ^ Ft^
<t>R = <t>p-<t>AR I ^ i c ^ b i w ^ c ^ i i : : ^ ^ TO m i cîc^^st i ^ " ^ ^ inwi^c^ ^
" ^ ? ^ ^ I t ^ f ^ in?^5gif?t^^ i p J l ^ M t l C T O W^NM C«K^>St, V t = E g - E a r .
8 8.0.:^-in ( : « ^ ( ? r ^ I
ftf^?. •ttîn? "fjiSw ^dtiToh R?ijt-q>*R 8 *

8.v3.i3-in ft<3lH W l t r ? 'STRwm 1wrR^*R7f? C«t?I Ctf^TJt ^ l ^ f%f^^ ( Z e r o
l e a d i n g ) tT<3Tft?f F i t o ^ i w ' b K ? n c ? ^ I a . ^'S.t^ CSK^^ E g 90° TO I FC^ ^ i C i f b N
F m (t)AR. 1 ^ wtcm t ^ r c r o t «fn:^ i£i?i ^ F t ^ , (|)r = (t)F +<t>AR ^^sTrra w f i ^ t e ?
^ « , t ^ . c « t ( ? ^ ^ Tm I in^ c'sfc^Sf m^j>^ ^fff^ ^ i t ? î
f5#^ ft^STn? F T t o ? C W I (t)AR ' ^ ^ *lHifbH^ E a r , E g li)? > r f ^ t W C ^ « n w I F?M
'Bilif'iH c«ic^>st ^ t i n , l i i w o g iJilifHM cîc-^st
VT=Eg+EAR _
A
•Par
A<Pf
<Pr
AU
E« Ear
Ear
#i1^°s, «1TlR°v in?«v t ^ f ^ f1<3Tr1? FTlti:? ÎtifbK % 0 m C T ? ^ >i|iWb|« liR^ft CvBli^S? 551 ^ I
Contents
^m31<IW15W<1 (MtU5? fif«H 8S»
Ear i^rm^ 5 f ^ I '^'flW

E a r = IaXa
Ear
>Xa=-
8 . 8 : l 5 w t . f l . H H Rt|Jl<c'D|«l -n??, f ^ F R S F W r t H c ® ^ ( S y n c h r o n o u s r e a c t a n c e a n d S y n c h r o n o u s
impedance)
i. ^ i w i ^ Ri)jl«fTSj|»i X l Xs=(XL+Xa)
^ . ^HCiTbM 9 « J ! - * ' ' H R^JI-<(»'BJM X a
'OIIWK.^ t H c ^ t 3 J ^ 8 . 8 ^ 1 frog ^ I
fpat- 8 . 8
^tfTC^ ^HifblW f>iHCiil.HI>i Ryjl4l5jl*l ^ I !>l'HuJ.HI>l Q ^ J K ^ U l N , X s = X i , + X a
y^t^ >iRPivo ^*m:^ t ^ T O i F H m - ^pros^ ^ i 8.8 ^

t W Z F R m t H w m , Zs = Ra+jXs
= VRa^ +Xs'-^
m^ ^\c^b\< w f e t ^ j N R a . t T O F R m R?jji<i»i3jM x s ^ n ^ i i r o m m
8 . ( t : (?m ^ «>i*i}|^w'G«< ^SHlatm (Vector Diagram o f loaded a l t e r n a t o r )
i . ^ I W M c<tatF8'6 laRa.
* l l C < b M RÎJI^^'H 5 f , l a X a .
Tif^ ^ ^ l i l w U w ^ (Mm ^ ^ 5 r ? r ^ Ullvf'iM C « R % W ^ M I ^ D h ^ s r ^ ê,«t^ C^lC^Sr Ti«fT3K5f VpL "8
Vnl ^ôtiîM
VNL=VFL + I a R a + j I a X L + j I a X a - (S.e.i) .
V n L =Vfl+IaRa+jIaCXL+Xa)
V n L = V f L + I a R a +JlaXs (8.e.^)
VNL = V(Vfl + laRRa)^ + Ha x s)2
1
VNL=VFL+IaRa+jIaXL
I
Contents
(to
^SRfD tTîrf^r <pjlitiRc>ST ^ l^ftn ^sf^wt? la c«M * ( % t c « t ^ ^Finwm

^ ^ i.^SRIU tt^"?mi F i t o V F L l a t'TCTOt s j i ^ t 8.(?.i ^rft^"^ «(^pift
V F L ' i r a ^ ^ laRa ^ VFL la ^^^^ "^liiNfilW ^ s , ^ ^ ^ i WRI^ j I a X L
J i a X a . l a R a '^'^f ^ S R ^ TO t^*fm l a R a '^'^ 90° jIaXa ^ JIaXL
^ 8.e.i(^) ctT'^rtCTt ^ I 8-fi-.i ( ' } ) fros ^ W f ^ TO OI'^TTM ^ i
(?TT-(Mtv5 ^ ^ t ^ C^tliêf E g V N L ' ^ V (M1^ ^^tt^^ I
c s R ^ VT VFL1 ^ ^ ^ ^ I
^rnf*ti ft^Titir c»t?r '^st?fiattsr g .
D
1 - J,> I a
laXs
f53I§8.fi-A(^) f5III?8.e.'^('«t)
ÛtRl tt<J?mf iPJik?) tJlfif'^H C o R ^ V F L ^ l a . 4' ( ^ " ^ i ''^'^^ V F L , la <^ ( p C ^ f
TO I l a R a . Ia t^mm ^ ^ siiw i # f V F L cm^f ^ VFL la
m ^31% ^ ^ ? r r s f T O ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ i jIaXL JiaXa laRa ^ 90° Eg ^ ^
^ I V F L , l a R a . laXL. l a X a (Trfm^JÎ VJVJL ^ f M 8.(? ^(^) OS (mm ^ I ^5It^ 8 -
fi-.'^ ('«t) ^ (Simplified form) dr'^m ^ I
, D E
laXa
* laXL
1
a
Contents
«)«i5|<w'Gw<l (MTiPSl spot?
f ^ ° v iT^Trm la, C«lCêt VpL (t) 1 ^ TO ^ C « ! ^ (p C^"^

TO I laRa, l a m m^^lM VpL W ^ ! j I a X L ^Î^l j I a X a laRa 90°
^ ° s ^ " ^ ^ I V N L , laRa, l a ^ l a ^ '^^ < ^ C^t^Pf E g ^ V N L S.e.^S (^) C« (Ti^«ftCTt ^ I
8.(?.0 (''f) ^ ^ C^t?! ^ S l W f (?«fIM ^ 1
S.'b : c<fef^jl*l C5%, (H-C^rns CB% ii5'^X"^>iir¥t cB% ( R e s i s t a n c e t e s t . No l o a d t e s t
a n d s h o r t circuit t e s t o f alternator)
>a|^MWi;««1 C^lC'îSl, Co\C^^ C^'STR^ G W « t tâTtf^ ^ ' f e r a W{J CtS ^ I
i . CfrfwSjm CB^ (Resistance test)

rmature
Alternator
C^WSim îl^KWiJw^ ^ C^«f li)^^ f ^ ^ ^ ^ ifl^ltctvb (unexcited) C^*f
^ ^ f?tmi 1%f^ l i l ^ f^^s^Tlt ( R h e o s t a t ) TO ^HifbM C^rfBl^

•srtCT (rated) ^ f t ^ W ^ i c^l'^fvjUK Wlt^tta ^ « r n . ^ ^ ^ ÎC^^lblW^
C ^ f ^ i y ° v _ Edc
Tir-0
« Rdc
f53t S 8.'ii.':i
Contents
Rdc = R + R = 2 R
R ^ firt^ CTOf5 D. C (31*1
Rdc
R x 2 R 2R2 2R
R+2R - 3 R - 3
•••R= 2R<ic = l•5Rdc•
w f ^ U j l * ! (Effective r e s i s t a n c e ) t%, t^r Mlet^jlc*!^) 1 . 2 5 ClC^ 1 . 7 5 « ^ TO ^ 1 ^

1 .B « ^ Rwb-î w ^ ^Kc«i %l?t ^?,]7rfct^ ( F ^ li), 1 % , (ratirSjH,
Ra = Refif x l . 5 = (0.5Rdc)xl-5
CS^ sjRjWCet^ ^, w f ^ J N R a = Reff = ( ^ ^ ) x l . 5 = (1.5 Rdc),xl-5
A.CTtWT^ (iB% ^ >QC1^ CB% (No load t e s t ^ Open c i r c u t t e s t ) •
0+
D.C Supply
Q-
Rheos
tat
4.6.3(A)
(raw ^»jppT? cîc^st i t w R f ^ ^ c«r^ ^^jfrfn i ^n^R w ^ r a w s ^ w

I>iHCiiFWi ' ^ © . ' ^ f ^ 1TO5 f^, m^m. fro I f c ^ ^ c^rc^ ^ f?^s%tc5?i
mm ^ ^p?nM ît<t>ic<i<i BiPf-^M cvsjic^Sf ^s ^ ^ ^ fKra I i i r a s ^ ^n^^
Contents
c'Hî'^w îv^bH tsififîw (rat&v5 (TaR^ -tt^TTf ^ J .£1^ ? p n r a ^ ^m«n:?r'"5TCT
^ sjwi'SH ^fB^^^Tt^ i ^ l i l ^ ^1wh5 af^Tl^ < | 5 ^ ^ I 1 ^ 1%^ f n i c ^ >srj <|5Kra^
If l i R ^ «^«t^ ^^Tt^ msfm CtolCiJiS? Eoc TO 4!Ff535 W ^ \ If i£l^°v "QZ^
1500
1400
1300
1200
/ 1100
J / 1000
900 o
• ;>
800 3
700
0 o
.^240 600 c
a
•£ y 500 o
fc 200 400
5 160 300
I 120
V
200
G 80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 56 70
Field Amperes -Ir
f53f-8.^.^ ( 1 )
vs. * t ^ f t f ^ C B % (Short c i r c u i t t e s t )
Alternator
0+
D.Q Supply
g-
PhaseTA]^
f53f g 8.^.8
Contents
as • i£i.f% csrf^-
^ I ^ n 5 i « i w ' D « ^ «il5iic<* l>l•^Cla»Hl>i ' ^ v s x[Ri:?i 1^, 1% w r a K ^
^ ^ fofc^ ^^sn:^^ îcii'tjiw<! -ynt^B c ? r ^ TO S ^ r h ^ ^ ^t^c^ TO
"snf^g cSits fw^ If c^r5^ c^»n:%^ E o c / V a ^
iil^ltc'5*R ^s}t ^^n:^«5l ^ ^ ^Tlf¥& C5U^ I s c ^
ZS=:-
E o Ics/c V s
E o c ^ E o c
Isc/Vs"
8.<H : f*l'<C>H'l'^l*1 (<^Jll?J|»j PlHCu»HI>l t f H c s ^ TtW W!Tni# (Problems related to

s y n c h r o n o u s reactance and s y n c h r o n o u s i m p e d a n c e )
W m S 8.<H.i : 5KVA. 2 2 0 V , 6 0 H Z , 3-<t), %T?I ^ t . - f * ^^Kwtw^ stt^C^FC^ ^ d C i T b M C?It«^
o.eaiflî (Î'iCi^Hiî Biiji<i'i5ii»i 3.2a It ^ f t ^ î^mwUm^ cîcêt t^«ifii ?Ri
^ . t ^ R I U ft^TII^ "JRl^
^ . 0.8
n. 0 . 8 W ^ i t r e T a ^ R i ^
CT^TiT^sjtr^
sflt^ C ^ t ^ , V l = 2 2 0 V .
C ^ » v = 5KVA. = 5 x l 0 3 V A
KVAxl03
I a = R a = O.m
^f3x220
5x103
~ ^^><220
= 1 3 . 1 2 A. Rnnêjm, x s = 3.2C2
tt'fMnTs t t f S N m c^Tc^,
V l 220
V f l = = 127V.
^ f 3 ' ^f3
Contents
^ . ^^ftn5 'flOTIt^ >WI?W ^Tt^f^ C«lC*i5vSt f^«f?I

Coscj) = 1 .-. (|) = Cos -1(1) = 0°
VNL = V ( V F L Cos(1) +IaRa)2 + ( V F L SiiK]) +IaXs)2
=V (127x1+13.2x0.6)'-^ + ( 1 2 7 x 0 + 1 3 . 2 x 3 . 2 ) 2
= 1 4 0 . 3 V , affTOFcsF c^Tt-tMR^ c«n:%w,

VNL/Line = 1 4 0 . 3 x \ ^ = 2 4 3 . 5 4 6 V
'<r. 0.8 ismf«t^ •trîn^ Fiflisr te,»f^ c o f ^ g
Cos0 = 0.8 ^TJ!Pt°s (t) = C o s "1 (0.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
Sin<t) = S i n 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 6 .
V N L / P h a s e = V f V F L Cose]) +IaRa)2+(VFL Sine]) + I a X s ) 2
= V(127x0.8+13.12x0.6)2+(127x0.6+13.12x3.2)2
= 161.IV
VNL/Line = 1 6 1 . 1 x ^ 3 = 2 7 9 . 0 3 V .
n. 0 . 8 - ^ i m j "fjttei ^s,»t^ tbit^Bsr f^«f?r g
Cos(l) = 0.8 (1) = C o s - l (0.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
Sin<l) = S i n 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 6 .
VNL/Phase
= V ( V F L Cosct) +IaRa)2 + ( V F L S i n * - I a X s ) 2
= V(127x0.8 +13.12x0.6)2+(127x06)(13.12x3.2)2
• = 114.694V
VivL/Line = 114.694xv/3 = 198.66V.
w n t g s . n . ^ : 8.«i.i ^ ^ w m ^ ' « r ^ t ? n ? # ^ " ^ % t r ? R f *rR<c^ ^ ^s^r ^ j ? ^ o . s

«mf»ti tr«imr F i t ^ c ^ - i ^ t ^ ^sj^r^m Ât^Bi'^ w< i^ffSi^w c ^ n : ^ 1 ^ ^ i
V F L = V L = 220V.
5xl03
la/Line = -^1 -=13.12A.
V3x220
13.12
la/phase = — — - = 7.574A.
V3
CoS0 = 0 . 8 ^ = Cos-1(0.8) = 36.86°
V N L /Phase = V(VFLCos(|) + I a R a ) 2 + ( V F L Sine]) + I a X s p
= V(220x0.8+7.574x0.6)2+(220x0.6+7.574x3.2)2
.-. VNL/Line = 2 3 8 . 7 4 V
Contents
W m 8 8.«l.vs : lOOKVA, 2 3 0 0 V , C5%SI (^'<W'6t ^^MW'St.^^ ^ 'BlH^'ÎC'K <l»l<<>9

«fsT^ji*i 2.66£2 i f l " ^ ? , s j f T O i n : ^ 1 % j r o z F H M l w t ^ ^ i i . 2 f l 1 ^^BIHHJ ^ o . s ^rrtf^?, »tT>Qmimti3f
^4|^MW'i5W^ (?lT-C5Tm U l f i T l l H CÎC^'St f^<firF?[ I
^ * f K 8
C?l^°s= lOOKVA.
VFL/Phase= V l = 2 3 0 0 V V f l =2300V
100x103
Il=I= R t = 2.66Q
V3X2300
=25.1A I Xs=11.2Q
. la/Phase = 14.45A
V3
R a = I R t = 1 . 5 x 2 . 6 6 = 4Q X •
f l x s T O tf-Jl^W C^-(^ ' B K i f ' i H c^H^Bej 8
VNL/Phase =VNL/Line
Coscp+IaRa)2+(VFL sincp+IaXs)2
= V (2300"+14.45x4)2 +(14.45x11.2)^
= 2363!l5V
o . s : ^ntf^l?, c^-c^rns iJlf^fMH c^lc^^st ^ « , * f ^ cîc*5'et f^«fir 8

Cos^ = 0 . 8 ^#51, $ = C o s - l (0.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
Sin(t) = S i n 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 6
VNL/Phase = VNL/Line= a/^VfL C o s ^ +IaRa)2 + ( V f l S i n $ +IaXs)2
= V ( 2 3 0 0 x 0 . 8 + 1 4 . 4 5 x 4 ) 2 + ( 2 3 0 0 x 0 7 6 + 1 4 . 4 5 x l 1)2
= 2256.68V.
w m 8 8.«^.s : i - K p ' i ' l ^ M w I ^ c ^ ^ <£i^ '^Md^ wn ârtT^m 2 0 0 A ^ ^ m ^
j * ! * ? * ! ^ c g f l f ^ j m o . i f l " ? ^ 'ii^BKwtJW'fl f^j^fjcifHrn ^ H c « » * i ^ I ^ H W H M f^^jr'îJjW f^<?f ^ i
'RtsfH 8 *tl(,vfl>H wfSt^JW, R a = 0 . I Q . *WC^^ ^ *)Rifbl«5) «fi> >rtf^

Isc = 2 0 0 A .
E o c = 50V.
^ Eoc 50 ^^^^
^ = T S ^ = 200 = 0-25^
Xs = VZs2-Ra2 = V.252-0.12
= 0.229Q
Contents
w m g S.I.e 4 4 0 KVA. 2 2 0 0 v „ 5 0 H Z , 1-^ ^ s i ^ wlJW^ 2||v6Wt«t^ 4'I<4'R C^f^ttil»|

0 . 5 Q I '*llC»rbN 4 0 A 1 ^ "^C?rc*B3I «|lC<bW 2 0 0 A ^ ^ <ii^ iq^ltc,5»tW'fl ^
"SCl^ U|f»f*ll*t Ci>|C*B«t 1 1 6 0 v . t*l'<C,t4»HI*1 t,Hc^b*l PlHW-HI*! RllJlllW 9 ^ ^ I
W < H g Cff^ = 440KVA,
Ra = 0.5Q
lf=40A,Isc = 200A.
If = 4 0 A E o e = 1 1 6 0 V .
Zs = ? X s = ?
^ Eoc 1160 ^ „^
X s = y\z-K = V 5 . 8 2 - 0 . 5 2 = 5.7784£2
\ S 3.
W * J H g Y -^spiTCtÎ CTO, Z s
Eoc
V3 1160
=^ = ^ =3.35Q.200
V3x200
X s = -v/z^ - = V3.352-O.52 = 3.3m

" • S 3 .
Eoc V3EOC V3xn60_

^ =W V l = = 200 -10-06
X s = - ^ Z s - R a = V 10.0722-0.52= 10.3Q
£>
:>
I
I
Contents
>iP)Pivo ^ * m : ^ ^ ^ i i t w i J w ^ <(>i<<i»ra (rat«( ^ t c w t ^ «TM ^ I <>!*f'*R (raT«( f ® , f % , c m ^ i i

1.25'®'=! CSJC^ «ttC^ I •
^ 1 ^ ^ N w i i c ^ o . c . c . ^-^Ksec t%-^pr? f^mf^: ':>% 'air, '0% 'onj
: 0 , C , C, lira ^ Open Circuit Curve'^W^ feCC ^ S h o r t C i r c u i t Curve
m ^ ^ ^ t r a i : ^ C T ' ! § ^ ^ ^ ' S ) l » p f b i i l ( : < ) > SCC^CPT!
t^ttim ( L = ^ I lii^ ^'îtrm ^*m:^ îtifbM # r : ^ Riiji^jM ^ 1
eL= ftc^ i w i t i m i£R, ^
^ : (^) vitltifblW 'J], 1% w f ^ i W ( R a )

(''T) ÎWbW Q^Jlîl*! ( X A )
(*r) ^H^bltl 1%?ITR5»H R^JlîM ( X L )
e I îpfbK P I we? TfT^ t%? [wt^HPlW: 'o^J
: C5Tt^ ^Sf^m^C^ ^tCifbl^l ^^Ffira^ afîW TOl ÎCNbW FT^ ÎCifbM li)^?,
<i^tc>t^ ^*iT f r o >r=^< f «i TO w 'Ttft^ (ran^f fei TO ^ ^SR^
^\ ^^MwBc^^t%t%C5%^^? fmtf^:'oî
: ^-^Mw'SW'si ^ # r f ^ vols d5% ^ ^ -
(^) wfVSjN C5% ( R e s i s t a n c e t e s t )
(«f) (?n-(?n^ C5% (No-load t e s t )
( f ) (?rtw C5% (Load t e s t )
Contents
[^T¥tPtZ^: 'oo]
%m : (Rt^ ^ ^"STit ^ f F « cwcB\5 ^ ^ t c ^ i;:?! m\ t f ^ c ^ t P i H C i ^ H m t t %
VI ( > ( H C 4 . H i i > i t H t w » * i t % ? IwmPtm:'M!>,'oo]
^"iSitlWiJw^l ^ I C J f b l W < fiffîc^p^ t<:*P<»n5ô w f e ^ J M if)^^ t>l»^<:if)°HI>t Rl)J|gj|d^lM^; s W f ^ "51 ^ I ^ % t < J H t « ^ m^'>\ •iA<%lA>

y>l-^l<IWl5< I
CSlC^CSt? R'!fi*|b'Sl=f TO I t3?R^ ^ 5 l t d ^ %UtSjH t , liPF ^ i
: ^*Bl$iwtc<5i îcifbt'si ^^51^;^ fiRir;^ tot nn^ îc^biw t ^ i P T c ^ ^ "51.

i t ^ 'sm t i w ^5#3R TO ^«rf 'w^m sil^faRfi^ ^ TO i *iic<bw i f r ^
ivs I C?[f^Ff%^ iflRtt?5t^#® Î'BlflW'GWfl C5t]?&W C?r0X9T«R 'TC'^fB^ "SCIT (?R?
^ : îca(bi< %m^*n?ra c # t f ^ i x R ' v t ^ t ^ ^ (mr:^ ^ 9 f f « , t ^ i s r t t <s w t f ^ ? , t t - s m vji<(>i3w
i8 I i r a y t ^ w r t ? r ^ ^ i t f % i t ^ c n t r g ^ ^ m c h ^ c ^ ^ cû*i>ef c ^ r e m ^ H4*in?'j» ^
: * ) i t < b i ^ i l i m s ^ f t j r a ? f i ^ « t ^ ' n i 5 i i t « ( r i w *i*=t)Mwi3(.<<i t i f i f ^ M qs\^ hi tot
^ I ^ K W l S W H C o R ^ ^ C ^ T M ^ t ^ OT'Tlt^ "51 I
I ^ R R< l i ^ C S R ^ 5 « t " 5 1 - t5K^ îCVfbN t ^ U T ^ % 0 % m " ^ I
îRifbl^ l<ilJl<>«H Ryjl<*Bjl»i
^ : ^ R i f b R ^ ^ I f % C ^ RuTSjm P ^ l ) ^^TRSfst? %Jltrm (Xa) w f ^

>|8jPi^ - ^ j ^ * l R i f b R O < (>iHtiiJ.HI>l Q*IJl^Jl*l 1
fTOH^HuT^jm, Xs=Xl+Xa
Contents
i«» I ^ • B l ^ l W ' B w ^ " " f i T j i l p ^ t B ^ CTR ^ ?
îi occ sec w ww'Bw^ 1 ^ w 'rm? .
Eoc/Va
Zs=-
Isc
: 8.8 ^ ^ ^ I ^ C ^ i i I
^ I îSRjU •itQ^rRi « p ) l i w « < ' i i l t i u w s (.'«*?tin •®T?rt£ltC5f?r'^«f^T"'''Tt^ I f^t^tPf^:'o^J
o I T n f ' f i » t ^ f l ? r R T « p j I S w 'a(*ut<iti'ik<i<j C 5 % ^ • © t i r f s t H f w M P i ^ : ' o \ b }
: 8.e ^îc^ciTfl t t < 3 ^ vjl^w c«t<i ^smtsfm cfft i
<{\ V4iî«wl5(.««f^ji*i«i]^^1»n:^f^îji^jiti^
^ : 8.0^<îdltiîciii t ^ R I S t f e ^ *pJl<^l;« îtsfbN %?ul?F^^?.»t
: 8.0 î^sr^pro? ^mPti tt<3tii? ifjiBw ^srfcto f w t ^ H ^ ctr»i i
I r * ^ l w t t i r <ii^ c ^ 5 ^ ^ n J M w U w ^ i «fer%j|»i w ^ ?
i ^ I ^ ^ i ^ h ' S c ^ CHIwi^ ^ ' o r f ^ ^mf?pS cg% W i

Contents
^1 RI«>t( •tt'QirRr <pjl'^'i>w ^ d c i T o k R*ij|'«p't^'^«NT"'tta i [wM^tW:'o^b]
: 8.(? î-^c^î (?r«t
OI s|till«t^« CB% C«rc^ ^ i t i J M w l S w ^ Pi'iCiii.HI*! tP^t^b*! tfl^l PlH(..*HI>l R«JllJl«l t ^ « f s r ^ I

8.)5>^l'5I^[CB^Ctl^ I
8 1 'flMt4 C»tt!?Rf y>l*5|<CH'5< 7 5 0 r p i n «fl '^pTC^ I ^^C?lf% W ? ^FfiC?rf% 6 0 c / s "5;^ «ff%wn
•^^?
[ T S ^ : 5 0 c / s . 900r.p.m]
J I ('i'^ 3- 4-C»ftT, 5 0 0 c / s tt?r TtWM «('i>kti'i>(.<i1t 'sJt^ ^sft^ I ajf^ c»ttC^ jpraf 0 . 0 5
>ec?Rm < f m , T O R "UH I'Tl W ^ i£f ^•BKw'DWfl « I % C S t l ^ W ?
T S ^ : 31208 ^ I
WITT i I 1^1^ CW, lOOOkVA., 3 3 0 0 V , ^^l<lw'G<C<t' C^tB^ ^ ¥ R ^ ^ T n f ^ ^ •^^Tl *ltf ' T t f ^
^ f ^ = t mx. 'ss^ 1 ^ <Mw(:^;?( £ % t ^ ^'l3lfif•^M i300v, UiRhiwo tt*p<'!t>«
4.29Q.4.172Q]
w m ^ I SOOkVA. 2 3 0 0 * I ^ N W l 5 « < 2tf% ^ =1ltW< t n l ^ j N 0 . 8 « ^ I îl?
tt>8iT3 " w t ^ 0 . 8 liR^^^yrtf^ ^ p t r a ^ 204>iiJtf^wa I ^ c^HrSjm f^.t% Mf^jic*i5i croi
1.5'©^ C#f I iiRK:<l>sm^ ?5\o?
48.46%]
w m o I liRsft ^*BNM'i3«<) ^^5r#? ^lltifbH wBt^jN 0 . 4 Q t ^ I i ^ ^ t C ^ ^ f R ^ t ^ ^Rjfbli) CfHt
£fT^ conêw 40 ^ t i R ^^ s t ^ s o «£iTtH?rm ft«sTrt ^ i ^mjnwBw^
: 1.27Q]
w m 8 t *)*B|<wt5w^ lOA vSMStHl?! ( M t ^ R f N ^ t R 9 0 0 V a f t f t l {TvoRêj m\ ^ ^^TTf^
^5R^ 150A"^tb% TO I 6 0 V ( R ^ S <MWC^; m =t CôtC^W ' T a C T ^ "Sft^ ^ ^ ?
[^:360V1 '
wm e I >£Rsf& 800KVA. IIKVÎ^KWBWO 2|R>(:*I>W *llCsfbW (3It*f <3 RilJ|<1>l3jh 1 . 5 Q « 2 5 Q I 0 . 8
5mf«ti f T ^ T f i ^ " J p j t ^ cîc^sj c ^ 7 ? m 1 ^ % I
3-(p
KVA=800
V l = llkV=llXl03v
Ra=1.5
Xs = 25.
Cos (p = 0 . 8 ( f ^ O .'. (p = C o s - l ( 0 . 8 )
S l n ( p = Sin 3 6 . 8 6 ° =36.86"
= 0.6
Contents
P= 6 0 0 kw,
la = 1 - ^
600x103
V S x l 1X103x0.8
= 39.36A.
Eoc = ^ = ^ = 6 3 5 0 . 8 5 V .
VNL = VCVp-LCostp +LaRa)^+(VFLSin(p l a x s ) ^
= V{6350.85 xO.8+39.36 X l . 5 ) 2 + ( 6 3 5 0 . 8 5 X0.&-39.36 x25)2

= 5865.65V
't^^C?rsFm, =^~^^^^X100
586565-635085,.,^
6350.85 .^^^
= -7.6%(Ans)
Wm-^ : 5 0 K V A , 2 3 0 V , 5 0 H z 'il^KHlBCil^ ^^ngm C^T^f^?lTnPSTm 0 . 0 1 2 Q <iW
^«<H8KVA = 50
C # P # 1 - (p
Vn, = V = 2 3 0 V
f=50Hz
Ra = 0.012Q
X s = 0.05Q
Coscp = 0.866
.-. (p = cos-1 (0.866) = 3 0 °
.-. slntp = sin 3 0 ° =0.5
V N L = V C V F L C O S ( P + l a R a ) ^ + C V F L Sin(p3+:3la X s ) 2
= V(230 X0.866 + 2 1 7 . 3 9 x0.012)2(230x0.5+217.39xo.o5)2
= 237.827 V
(VNL-VFL)XOO
% Regulation = ^ y^^*^
237.827-230
= 230 ^100
= 3.4% .
Contents
iiiiiiiniininiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiMiiiuiuni»iHiiiiiHHiuiHiMuiMiitiiiHittiiininiiiniiinMtitiiiiniiiiniininiiininininiini
iiimiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiifllllll
<t.)> : C5n?5W C ? r e T ? m (Voltoge regulation)
^ . 'i'lK^bM MfietHivfe g t , l a R a
^Hifblfl PlW'at tîlJl^n;^ Srf, laXL
VS. ^\(.^b\< R^Jl«^'^PTQilJl*^^^^gt, l a X a r
^ f i r a t ^ fitf^lS 5 f ^^nira^ vo«iT ^ ^ f M 'He?! ^ «fm i w r BtPfnM coR^c^stti iR^jv©'! 1
I£ra°s îCTiâ côR^sRt ^ f t i : ^ "»f^5^ I^RR:^ cv»ic-êt C ^ T : ^ ^ I
^ 1 ^ 5 ^ c ^ R ^ ^ (ratî^m = ^^"^^^xioo
i . ^ R C J m m ^FHc^*l ^ t , '^'T, (?f«t^ ( S y n c h r o n o u s I m p e d o n c e ^ E M F m e t h o d )

^. W t P ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ , LIL^, LILF (Ampere t u r n M M F Method)
VS. v^f *IT'Q?rl<r F J t l ? "TT CltlU^lW C5f«t^ (Zero P o w e r ^ P o t i e r m e t h o d ) .
v i l ^ l ^ l w U W i l Cb|C«i5€t C ^ I i S f ^ % f % f ^ ^<3Trf ^ I
tst^fis tt^Trm F j t o 8% c^fc^ 20%
^TJtPt^ tt^TTlir F J t S ^ 2 5 % C«tC^ 5 0 %
t^lfe^ 'nvsul? Tjsjlt?! 12%
tf.^ s ^ i s p j n ? , «mf»t^ fsrf^^ *fTîmr * m < * t ; w ^ • B M W I 3 W < c ^ R * o e t c ? r o i ? m (Voitoge
regalation of alternator at unity, lagging and leading power factor)
s c f i r ^mcef U i P f H M c-oit^c^t^ t f l ^ ^ w r côtc^ c ^ m ^ r ^ 1t ^ f ^ 'n^sTn?! w i f e *iicsfbi<t

F R r & c^R^ra? 'rfîvs x^cipcst « i t ^ m w m R?iji«PT wf^ " s m t w S i t f ^ ^ ^ f?smi c ^ n ^ ^sf^^tn
'SltynM C-olC^St (RT-CSTPH "BlI^-^lcl CvoR^C'St^ 0 5 ^ TO ^ I ^ [ ^ l ^SRH; f^8I^<r F J t t a c«ic*Bet
V N L = ^ ' ^ i w t > w < <^n-c^ isiPf^M C5R:%^

VFL = ^î^wt»(.« ^ <?n^ i J i f ^ ' i M cîc^-s?
I a = V3)|c>fi>k M(.<^
l a R a = 'Mlf^bH C # t F ^ 5 f
l a X s = ^Kafbl^) P l H ( . i » H M 5 t
VFL A f B
LARA
Contents
^8
OA = V F L . A B = I a R a ; B C = IaXs. (p = (?pîC^
A oeB-t»ic<pi^ w ^«nc«tNi>iC'W ^ ctc^ im
0C2=0B2+BC2
OC2 = (OA +AB)2 +BC2
=^ V 2 N T . = ( V M . +IaRa)2 +(IaXs)2
=^ V N L = V (VFL+IaI^j2+(iaXs)"2"——(e.A.^)
(eA.i) ^ i # w « f t t t>sPin> n<3Trra IPJIJPUW (?jt-(Rt^ c o R ^ s r a ^ ^ i f t ^ ^ f %if»f TO I
ft^3-?it^ ' p T t o t ^ i c ^ e t c ^ ^ m ^
VNL-VFL
^ T # t i ft^BTmt ipjilM %m^*R l ^ - ' x r t ' t M t t f w i lii^?. ^ i t ^ TJPI - s m i w i s i t f ^ i i

•iiwcg^ B l f i f H M (.NsRîst (?n-(?rn5 t r t ^ C ^ R ^ O T e r a ^ ^ , TOJ C«R#^ cî:^^
t t f s ^ C^tC^CSt? >1^<J>5)=f t^«f?I "<Rf H I ' I
f & j i - e . ^ . ^ : 5mf*fi T t ^ a i H w t f e f ^smm I
OA = VpL. A B = l a R a . E C = laXs
OC = V N L
AOAD W^Ft^.-fefSi W f l ^ H"HI,
OD = OA Cos<t) = Vpi, Cos<t)

AD = OA SiiKj) = VpL Sinct)
A OCE-Tsn:^!^ l a r f s f ^ ^Hc^tT^n?!^ ^jca? ^ k i w j f t m t " m i
0C2=0E2+CE2
0C2 = (OD +DE)2 + (BE +BC)2
OC2 = (0D2 +AB)2 +(AD +BC)2
=> V N L = ( V F L Cos<1) +IaRa)2 + ( V F L SiiK)) +IaXs)2

=> V N L = V ( V F L Cos(t) + I a R a ) 2 + ( V F L Sin(|) +IaXs)2—-(e.^.^)
= ( V F L Cos(p+IaRa)+ j ( V F L sin laXs)
(<tA A ) F ^ T ' R F ^ ^mf^r^ "imps ^ j i t w cH-c^fm c ^ ^ r ^ w ^ ' f ^ t ^ t l^rifn TO
Contents
1 ^ ' r f ^ W I T ^ TO TOt «>l*BHWl5«-s( t ^ S IPTt^ 'ft?} I ^ J ^ ^ «llCift>lW<I ^^«t^

CvolCêt ^ « W T ^'•fwlC'Js^l CvslCêt ^ tm viR^ ^ 5 I # t # T 5 ^ CS\^ cmj^ OTl15v5 ; ^ I 1 ^
Tfvsin^ F j i f e y i i ^ N w U w i i cs^ BBmrw (?^-(^ TO
O. D B
OA = V F L , A B = laRa, B C = laXs, OC = V N L
O A D - i£l OD = Cos<t) = VFLCos^
AD = OASin0 = VpL Sin0

AOCE-i£l Oc2 = 0 E 2 . + C E 2
A laRa
=> 0 C 2 = (OD +DE)2 + (BE - B C ) 2
=> V N L = ( V F L c o s 0 + IaRa)2 + ( V F L Sin0 -IaXs)2
.-. V ( V F L C o s 0 +IaRa)2+(VFL Sln0 -Iaxs)2
= (VpL Cos<p+laRa)+J(VpL Sin<p-laxs)
C.vs : «(*BHIC»lt5Wfl pelC'S'ef C?r©C*liH T ' l f ^ T S P H I ^ 8

Wm : : < f l ^ 5 0 0 K V A , llOOV, 6 0 H z . 3 - 0 ^ ^sm^fPtm gfÔTCTRT
^^sp^ aJT«f 0 . lOfl «ff^JCTFOT?r Pl-iW-HM ^ P t W T 1 . 2 Q C ' ) tTflTO FI1*W, (f) 0.9
•ntPt?, • t r s K t ^ ^ i i B w (*t) 0 . 8 ^rf^?, ttsTitir * p j t S M Î'^JMwc'o^; c?roc*i*n t^*{^ ^ i
_ ICVAxl03
= 500ICVA
V3VL
500x103
= 262.43A V u : llOOV.
VSxllOO
tt<r 'TtS)^ ^ 5 1 ^ CHtJMil = 50HZ
Ra = 0.m
635V X s = 1.2Q
IaRa = 262x0.1
= 26.2V
I a X s = 2 6 2 x 1 . 2 = 314.4V.
(^)Cos0= 1
.-.VNL/Phase = V ( V F L +IaRa)2+(laXs)2
I
= V ( 6 3 5 + 2 6 . 2 ) 2 +(314.4)2
= 732V.
I
Contents
/. t ^ f ^ it'a?n^ ^Fitter * r ® ^ ( : ^ 7 ? t « R = ^'^L-VFL

VFL
732 - 6 3 5
= 635 ^100
= 15.3%
('»t) 1 ^ , Costp = 0 . 9 ^TItf»t^
=>()) = C o s - 1 (0.9) = 2 5 . 8 4 °
.-. Sirw)) = S i n 2 5 . 8 4 ° = 0 . 4 3 6
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L C O S 0 +IaRa)2 + (VpL S i n 0 +IaXs)2
= V ( V F L C O S 0 +IaRa)2+(VFL S l n 0 +IaXs)2
= V (635x0.9+26.2)2+{635x0.436+314.4)2
= 840.7V.
.-. -"twat ootcKjSt c?m?\^
840.7-^35 , ^
= 635 ^100
= 32.4%
n . - i m , Cos^) = 0 . 8 i ^ ' s cp = Cos-l(O.S) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
.-. S i n 0 = sin 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 6
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L COS<|) +IaRa)2 + ( V F L S l n 0 - I a X s ) 2
= V ( 6 . 3 5 x 0 . 8 +26.2)2 + ( 6 . 3 5 x 0 . 6 - 3 1 4 . 4 ) 2
= 538.3V.
538.3-635
= 635 >^1Q0
= -15.8%
W J J t : ff.va.^ : 1 5 0 0 K V A . 2 3 0 0 V . 6 0 H Z . Y - ^ l ^ ^f^RTOT&OT >eiW5T'Ttf^ « 'Itf^ «
W B R S J H CB% TOT ^5«lT IteiTf C»F»F i l^t^tPtC^:'ioj
If = 2 8 A t ^ ^ * 5 , If=28A.
snt5T^Fn:g^ = C?TCBi5^*B Îlt=T Eoc = 900V
^(ItsflblWil ^tJlfSfHtWtl W.*^WfiSt'Bjh 0 . 1 6 Q tt'STTt C«H I
(•^) t ^ R I T , (-sT) 0.8 «TJlf«tl tiJ^^ (t) 0.8 f 5 # ^ tt'S^mT ^Fltto^ ^5|%l ( R B O ? C<ro^?m f^«f5I ^ I
« Y - ^ s p n t ^5(%i?t w t J c t w U I R H M c«tc*Bet
C?TCBi5 lAlltirbK C^m iiI^^Îlt=T la =
V3VL
1500x103
= -p: : = 377A
V3X2300
Contents
^5pBm?#c?ra c ^ i ? m isR°v Worn ^ 5 1 ^

.-. ^ n f ^ ^ n : ^ , Isc = l a = 3 7 7 A .
. lac V3x377
Rdc=0.16Q
Ra=^xl.4=-^x0.14=0.112Q
= V 1.382-0.1122
= 1.37Q.
laRa = 3 7 7 x 0 . 1 1 2 = 4 2 . 2 V .
laXs = 3 7 7 x 1 . 3 7 = 5 2 6 . 4 9 V
ft^SlIt? W i f e
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L +IaRa)2+(laXs)2
= V(1328 +42.2)2+(516.49) 2
=1465V.
VNL-VFL
VFL
- 1328
("f) fi^, Cos<t) = 0 . 8 5!Jtf?tl (() = C o s - l ( 0 . 8 ) = 3 6 - 8 6
Slncp = Sin 36.86°
= 0.6
VNL/phase = V ( V F L Cosct) +IaRa)2 + ( V F L Sine)) + I a X s ) 2
= V(1328x0.8 +42.2)2+(1328x0.6 +516.49)2

= 1718.75V
V nNt L-- V
V VFf t
*^5^c?rom5? —i!-^xioo
VFL
1 7 1 8 . 7 5 - 1 3 2 8 xlOO = 2 9 . 4 %
1328
(n) Cos<t) = 0 . 8 1 ^ 1 , 0 = C o s - 1 (0.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
Sincp = sin 3 6 8 6 ° = 0 . 6
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L C o s ^ +IaRa)2 + ( V F L Sincp - I a X s ) 2
= V(1328x0.8 +42.2)2 + ( 1 3 2 8 x 0 . 6 - 5 1 6 . 4 9 ) 2
= 1138.75
VivTT - V f t
1138.75-1328
1328 - XlOO
= -14.3%
Contents
w m : <t.«.« : -^m, SeOOr.p.m. 7 5 0 KVA, 1 3 8 0 V . 6 0 H z C ^ 5 ^ ^K^^ «(^MWlJw^
f ^ ^ ^ s t ^ , Ij.= 1 7 . 5 A f^^^n:^,If= 17.5A

gllt'i II= la. * c s r c ^ , Eoc = 1 0 2 0
f^, f^, ^ C S r c ^ , Vdc = 1 5 V .

f^, 1%, ^nt^T '^t^^, Idc = lOOA
tSRIU fraimi vjiSw ooic*B>sj (sroi^m 1^«f?f i
» cs^ T^mc^ '^m^ UifSfHM c s t ^
VFL = V L = 1380V
C?IcBwnt^'^stc^ la/Line = ^^^^^^

V3XVL
750x103
=-p- = 313. 77A
V3X1380
.-. I s c = l a / I i n e
Eoc
Zs
IS/V3 ,
1020x\^
= 5.63fl
"313.77
R,J ^dc 1 5 „ ,
'^'^^Td^^ 100 = 0 - 1 5 "
3Rdc , . 3x0.15
Ra = ^ ^ x l . 4 = — 2 ^ x l . 4 = 0.315Q.
2 ^
= V{5.63)2-{0.315)2 5,63£2.
Cos<t>= 1
T /T,v- la/Llne 313.27
la/Phase = — ^ 7 = — = • _ = 181A
LaRa = 181x0.315 = 57V.

laXs = 181x5.63 =1019V.
VNL =V(VFL+IaRa)2+{iaXs)2
= V{1380+57)^ + ( 1 0 1 9 ) 2
= 1761.62
« ^ ^r««fcr ^ N L " V F L ) xlOO
VpL
1762-1380
1380 •XlOO = 2 7 . 6 8 %
Contents
w r r t - ( t . « . 8 : (^.'©.^•sTi w m t ^ ^ s r ^ ^ Y-m c s ^ -^t^ ' ^ s t ^ ^ i S R f D , o.s

»rFtf*ti <ir^ o.s Wfe?, •ttûnr v j l i t u c?roc*i"H t^«f?r ^ i
«c^5^ ^5(%m (?TBI:^
csnêi^, V F L = V L = 2 3 0 0 V
ÎS^^fe- T /T. 1500x103
la/Line = — p : — = 377A.
V3X2300 -
377
cm ^sRSI^, l a / P h a s e = -7=:- = 2 1 7 . 6 6 A .
' Eoc ^ E o c yfSEoc
Isc/Vs" ^ la
.-. Isc = la
Rdc (OlPT-iH) = 0 . 1 6
3Rdc 3
R a = - 2 - x l . 4 = 2 xO.16 x l . 4 = 0 . 3 3 6 Q .
Zs = - \ / z s - R a = V 4 . 1 3 2 - 0 . 3 3 6 2 =4.116£2
l a R a = 2 1 7 . 6 6 xO.336 = 7 3 . 1 3 3
laXs = 217.66x4.116 = 895.89
^'Qm >FTlfe
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L +IaRa)2 +(IaXs)2
= V (2300+73.13)2 +(895.89)2
= 2536.6
VMT-VFT
.-. - - P S ^ (^Tm^ = -i^^—li: XlOO
VFL
2536.6-2300 , « „ o n /
~ 2300 XlOO = 1 0 . 2 8 %
CosO = 0 . 8 »Utf^^ * t t ^ W i f e f 0 = C o s - 1 ( 0 . 8 ) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L C O S 0 +IaRa)2 + { V F L S i n 0 +IaXs)2

= V ( 2 3 0 0 x 0 . 8 +73.13)2 + ( 2 3 0 0 x 0 . 6 + 8 9 5 . 8 9 ) 2
= V ( 1 8 4 0 +73.13)2 + ( 1 3 8 0 +895.89)2
= 2Q92.56V.
VMI -VRI
2992.56-2300
2300
= 30.2%
Cos(p = 0 . 8 1 ^ ? , 'fl^S?rt?[ (p = C o s - l ( 0 . 8 )
= 36.86^
Sin0 = 0.6
Contents
VNL/Phase = VCVFL Cos^ +IaRa)2 + ( V F L Sin^ - I a X s ) 2

= V(2300 xO.8 + 7 3 . 1 3 ) 2 + ( 2 3 0 0 x 0 . 6 - 8 9 5 . 8 9 ) 2
= 1 9 7 3 . 4 3 V.
1973.92-2300
2300 -XlOO
= -14.19%
I f « ( H 8 V F L = - ^ = ^ ^ = 796.74V.
V3 V3
, 750x103 „
Ia = - p = 313.77A
V3X1380
Vdc 15
^ ^ = idF=ioo =o i 5 "
Rdc . , 0 . 1 5
'2
R a = - 3 - xl.4 = - ^ xl.4 = 0 . 1 0 5 Q
Eoc
^ Vs 1020
Z s = - ^ - =- p =1.876
V3x313.77
= Vl.8762 - 0 . 1 0 5 2 = i . 8 7 3 Q
laRa = 3 1 3 . 7 7 xO. 1 0 5 = 3 2 . 9 4 5 V .
laXs = 3 1 3 . 7 7 x 1 . 8 7 3 = 587.7V
W i t fT^Hir
VNL/Phase = V(VFL +IaRa)2 +(Iaxs)2
= V(796.77+32 9 4 5 ) 2 +(587.7)2
= 1016.77
VNL-
^T5?RIt <:g«IR»H f-TxlOO
VFL
1016.77-796.77
XlOO
796.77
=27.61%
(t.^.'H : lOOOKVA. 4 6 0 0 V , 3^ ^l^l^wt^lW (SltS^ l?f»RT ^#Jrt ^ T t f ^ ^ ^ IFL^ll^

•i^STTSF*© 'flf5?TOt^^*r ^ ^ OR >s?rtt%i «fi c?it5^ ^ ^ f t w ^ fiWt^ IIFL^
^nÊ^ ' f m * ^ ' " i y ^ m i ^ T ^ ^ i ^ ^ i # » r r ' i H R ^ ^ t>iPfHiw<i 1744V « i : i ^ i t f ^ c « t c * B ^
•i^5^(3ROT?»m1^^ I [ H # ^ - ^ 0 0 0 , ^ôoi]
W J H 8 C?lfti = lOOOKVA, V L = 4 6 0 0 V
C^^Îa=^^55^=125.51A.
V 3 X4600
.-. Isc = 1 2 5 . 5 1 A.
Contents
V, 4 6 0 0
.-. VpL/Phase = ^ = 2655.81V.
Eoc= 1744V.
Eoc/Va 1744/>/3 1006.89

Isc
Ra=1.2Q
Xs = A/zs-Ra=V8.022-{1.2)2
= 7.932
IaRa= 125.51x1.2 =150.612V.
laXs = 125.51x7.932 = 995.51V.
VNL/Phase = V C ^ F L Cos(p)2 +IaRa+{VFL Sincp +IaXs)2
= V ( 2 6 5 5 . 8 1 x 0 . 8 + 1 5 0 . 6 1 2 ) 2 +(2655.81x0.6 +995.51)2
= 3416.75
VNL-VFL
XlOO
VFL
3 4 1 6 . 7 5 - 2 6 5 5 .i 8S1I
X 100 = 2 8 . 6 5 %
2655.81
WJJT-«.v8.<\: ««Wt^ 3-<t> lOOOKVA, 2 3 0 0 V . 'ain^l^W^Î (aCH^ " ^ C ^ <SRpfl» I ^ P f t H r e ^^sflSR:*!; îsm^fm
« t B ^ '^rw^B « W f ^ I ^ •H-fllll^ClS'lW '"^(CS -Mlf âitC^^
U i P N c n 1 3 0 0 V ^tregr i m<b\i if\^-\mî c a f ^ ^ 20 ^ ^ s r ^ 0.8 ^ i r t f i t i 'e 0.8
'HffMH 8
KVA=1000
VL = 2300V
^ C J R I S ^ ^ ^ , la = . i ^ Q ^ . 251.024
V3VL V3X2300
.•.Isc = I a = 2 5 1 . 0 2 A
^ '5|Pf»(lW< ^w-clUvto w f ^ l N , R e = 2Q.
2 , ^
R a = ^ = 2 = m
Eoc = 1 3 0 0 V .
VFL = ^ = ^ = 1327.90V.
V3 V3
Isc V3X251.02
Contents
X s = A^Zg- Ra = V ( 2 . 9 9 ) 2 - ( l ) 2 = 2 . 8 1 7 Q
IaRa = 2 5 1 . 0 2 x 1 = 2 5 1 . 0 2
laXs = 2 5 1 . 0 2 X 2 . 8 1 = 7 0 5 . 3 7 V .
Cos<l) = 0 . 8 , if = C o s - 1 (0.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 ° ; S i n 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 6
VNL/Phase = V ( V F L COS<|) + I a R a ) 2 +(VFLSin(t) + I a X s ) 2

= V(1327.9x0.8 + 2 5 1 . 0 2 ) 2 + ( 1 3 2 7 . 9 x 0 . 6 + 7 0 5 . 3 7 ) 2
= V(1062.32 + 2 5 1 . 0 2 ) 2 + ( 7 9 6 . 7 4 + 7 0 5 . 7 3 ) 2
= 1995.29V.
^ C ^ , ^ = ,100 - ^ ^ ' I G - F XlOO = 5 0 . 3 %
0 . 8 t t < n m f w i f e (?n c^n^ c ^ s n : ^
VNL/Phase = V(VFLCos(t) + I a R a ) 2 + (VpL Sincj) - l a X s ) 2 »

= V(1327.9x0.8 + 2 5 1 . 0 2 ) 2 + ( 1 3 2 7 . 9 x 0 . 6 - 7 0 5 . 2 9 ) 2
= 1316.51V.
V N L - -VV]F T
VMI
* r 5 ^ (^-(m = y ^ XlOO
1316.51 -1327.9
XlOO
1327,9
= ,-0.86%
W m « ff.O.V : v f l ^ 3^(|>, 8 0 0 K V A . 1 I K V ^^l^wT>W< arf^ OFWRf (SrflFgTm ^ ^H7l^^t>IW ^<tngCT
l . B Q <fl^^ 2 . 5 N I W «l*B|flwT5^W 0 . 8 W ^ l * l t « M W T f e 6 0 0 k w (WTO blllCHi
^«m?fFRlC5n^^sl^ KVA = 8 0 0
T KWX103 C^=600kw
Ia = - p r KV=11
V3xllxl03xCos(t) Ra=15Q
600x103 X s = 2.5i2
~ V 3 x l 1x103x0.8 Cos<t> = 0 . 8 frf^ll
= 39.36A. 0 = C o s - 1 (0.8)
= 36.86°
IaRa = 3 9 . 3 6 x 1 . 5 .-. Sincp = S i n 3 6 / 8 6 °
= 5599..005577A
A =0.6
la X s = 3 9 . 3 6 X 2 . 5 = 9 8 . 4 1 V
V N L = V ( V F L Cose]) + I a R a ) 2 + ( V F L Sin(t).-IaXs)2
= V ( 6 3 5 0 . 8 5 xO.8 + 5 9 . 0 5 ) 2 + ( 6 3 5 0 . 8 5 x 0 . 6 - 9 5 . 4 1 ) 2
.-. V N L = 6 3 4 0 . 0 7 V .
, . VNT - V F T
't^^C^W^^m = —lilXlOO
VFL
6340.07 -6350.85
XlOO
6350-85
= -0.1697%
Contents
^5i%RR?fB^ cs\^?m c^xp?^ Worn •^fi^

W m 8 e.O.J* ; 1 0 0 KVA, 3 0 0 0 V , 5 0 H Z , 3-(|), ^*BMw1>W^ (3JT«( 0 . 2 2 Q I
C^jtB®"^ 4 0 A f ^ M
(.^(J^ 2 0 0 A - ^ 1 t t ^ W C l * & 2 R t ^ ^ I ««r^l>aC»PT'Ttt^
c4»ic*Bet 1 0 4 0 V •tt«?rt ^ i o . s ' I J T R ^ *1^Qll1^ w i f e c?ro^»p^1%«fti^ i
Z s = — — KVA=100
=3Q VL = 3000V. VFL = ^

V3x200 VS
VC_J7^2 OOS =1732.05
" O O ^ A Ra = 0.2Q
- 2.993£2 E o c = 1040V, Isc = 2 0 0 4
Ia = 1 ^ 5 ^ = 1 9 . 2 5 A Coscp=0.8^-.
V3x3000 .-. Sin^ = 0 . 6
l a R a = 1 9 . 2 5 xO.2 = 3 . 8 5
laXs = 1 9 . 2 5 X 2 . 9 9 3 = 5 7 . 6 1
VNL = V f V F L si(|)+ l a R a ) 2 + { V F L S i n ( l ) + l a x s ) 2
= V ( 1 7 3 2 . 0 5 xO.8 + 3 . 8 5 ) 2 + (1732.05 xO.6 + 5 7 . 6 1 ) 2
= 1770.23V
VNL-VFL 1770.33-1732.05
c?r8Fm= ^ y ^ ^ ^ ^ x l O O = - — I T S ^ ^ X I O O =2.2%
w m 8 < t . o . i o : «ii^%t?^«:5^t%aR?Fw 'ai^MHisc^^ iBiPfHii cîc^'st 2 3 0 V I * r r € P ! m i
y - f 59:5
V L = 230V
VFL = ^ = 132.8V
S3
IaRa=5V
laXS = 40V
C o s (p = 1 "
.-. (p = C o s - l ( l ) = 0 °
sin(p = sin 0 ° = 0
V N L = V ( V F L C O S ( P + l a R a ) ^ + ( V F L S m c p ^ + s l a s)2
= V ( 1 3 2 . 8 xl+5)2+(132.8x0+40)2
= 143.488
& % Regulation = Y ^ I L L Z O I XlOO

J 143.488 - 132.8
I , =- 132:8- ^100
I 10.688
' = 132.8 ^ 1 ° °
I = 8.04%
o
Contents
H8 , lil.i^CTf^-^
(List o f l o s s e s o f a l t e r n a t o r )
I f ^ ^s#5 ^ (Rotational Loss)

(i) "«I^ mi Stc«ssr ?t ^îTTf ? # t W ^ ^ (Friction a n d windage loss)
(ii) " ^ f t ^ '^'=t «P\ ( B r u s h F r i c t i o n l o s s a t t h e collector rings)
(lii) C # R ^ <!>iJCHt) SRj c^l^F^PS?^ (Ventilation l o s s to cool t h e m a n c h i n e )
(Iv) f^?ft&I:#l^ 4^ (Hysteresis a n d eddy c u r r e n t loss)
^. ^^^^^ (Electrical losses)
(i) i3lHt^?,^l>i (Field winding loss)
(ii) W l d m < 3 H l : f % ^ ^ (Armature winding loss)
(iii) ^ 5 % r # 5 i ^ ( B r u s h C o n t a c t loss)
IS. T W «P'^!TCT«TI?ra *5RJ iiRE|l5.T»L'S! ^ (Losses in t h e exciter u s e d for field excitation)
8. ($ (Stray load loss)
(t.(t: ^*BL'FLW'B«^ W\ W 5 t (Losses a n d efficiancy o f a l t e r n a t o r )
( 3 n t 5 ^ ^ g *!jt¥& >Q %nR?. m Is^^n^r h s i ^ îtt «g#s I ^ i t o ! c?Tt&*R5R
5pT H?I CSTpiR H W f SRf?. ^ C«RJC«1«M ^ « lilt (2f% ^ 5 ^ 3 ^ I
crorspT ( C o r e l o s s ) : Cim (Pole face). CfM 1t«l (Pole teeth) -i!?^ (7?t? i3?°^
LIIR^BH IPTC^ •^t?i:=f lilt ^ '51 I C^fT^'^ "SfRI^ t w ^ l ^ i ^ mx ^-tilt ^ C 3 ^ ^
« i 7 w 1 1 ^ csR^sf ^FORFÂ I
<P»tt^ -m (Copper loss) : ^RRSJM ml^l m\ TOl^l^ W "^sR^ fiRR?:^ TOT l2 R
^fSOra 'SR^ ^1T5 ^ I %^PP5! ÎÎ^WtCil^) ^R^'bR<l ^ = Slg^Rg
^ H (^-C5IT^ ^ G (Load loss) (?r»p i
'•ii'^lilCitT:^ ^STRWR^ 9^^?m I F R ^ ^ t ^ i ^ ^R^bH '^s^l^T^ ii)1WR?(^ li)^^'f5?Rtt?rf5pT 5pT ^ -
^5R^ (?Tti5 «=R •^RSII cm ^ I B I i ^ T O I ^^Î'l'^B STT H?n ^ ÎPfbl^l
^ lira l a T O I «LR<|voH%I ^ H C«RRA<(*I ^ ^ I
«i'vkc.'C« W 5 t (Alternator e f Q c e i n c y ) :
^ ^ M C H B C H ^ ^5n^»iB « f t ^ ii)^°v t ^ ^ B treinw?! ^ f i ^ ^ s i ^ t w t o i w s t ?t t f ^ f > R ^ ^ i
KVAxPf
- KVAxpf +^>T^ ^ t s f i R C i m ^
i l t ^ >ri^R»ij ^ s f ^ i w i t ^ 5R«f% 1^41 TO ' ^ m I
i. iii^lttB»t^ RtN ^'îiiw's<i(.<» l i ) ^ ^ T B T : ^ t^r^frn'si ? t f ^ ^jto ^ t i : ^ t^t'at
•ft<2Tr!^ îfB f ^ r a i H^^RH f f ^ t TO ^ I »Rft lilt •sfer'i t^'lp m^Qit^
= Pi
Atm ^ ^ I T ^ (?II^R%( ^ 5 R ^ W^M??)^'^ f T R c ^ m *tf%^t ^ ir^sitii
•snt f ^ t R ^ >)I^Ril/ l ^ t t t ^ I^ ff^TlH P2 H?T P i lil^^ P2 i^l^ ^
CHCB*H ppt H ^ "*H mi Stc^st I
%^5»fiT m\ 5tC>6«St ^ = P i ~p2
Contents
ft<3Tl1? i R ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^ flvSlTl^ - P 3 ^ I ^-W^J^ ^5R^ ^

^ ^ ^ 5 f ^ (?TB?I ^[iro f i ^ T i ? *(t?RH w t ^ I i£i^î^cB»R ^ <3 ^ ^ s i t i ^
*l<l^l^ H'DWÎ ft^S?nOT t t « N ^ C ^ s t ^ I C^W^ = P 3 - P i
^^l-slWlJC'^?) *IIC!^l<) iJifsJ'HM W l f ^ % ^ "»t^ TO >i!^ ^ i5RC3Fmpi ^^Ûo
WCil^ iQ^HblW (Adjust) ^ ^fCifbl^l UM-lM fTO 2}Wf|®
^ I liit ^ 5 ( ^ ^flvSTII^ ^ ^ I ilj^ ^ - S T ^
•^tt?I ^ = P4 -Pi
8. vSTlfB f^fBRj ^r!^?! ^»t1? ^
(Solved preblems r e l a t e d t o l o s s e s a n d e f B c i e n c y o f alternator)

WOT S 1 5 0 0 K V A . 2 3 0 0 V , 3-<p, ^ s i ^ t H F t e l t^|l#lf«l^ ^ OT<3Tit i
^NcH'5^n>(.'» mmm -^mm ^^M^ i
9t. .£iît#*t^ ^ «rfwfm 5 t f 3 ^ •fti^ cat^^ "m^m ^sn^^,

P = 81.5KW.
Î^HICT ^s^^ = P3
• n. ^tcifbiii --t^ TO ^nt^ ^^RSR:^ '©miwi ^ 5 j t ^ ^ = P 3 = 9 5 . 6 K W .
^. CîKS^ ^ C^lCîSr va -Î^n^FW 2 5 0 v ^ 3 5 A
n. 8 ^Tflf«ti'ft^Til^ W i f e ^51^ (TTBI::^ i r o
S P i = 43.5VV.
>i)Î^Cl?«H7t^ î^HlCill ^ B f t ^ ^ P2 = 8 1 . 5 K W
C^RW = P 2 - P i = 8 1 . 5 ^ 3 . 5 = 38KW
^ ^^tlt^ ^ 5 R ^ VslVMlWI ^ 5 f 1 ^ ^ , P 3 = 9 5 . 6 K W .
.-. ^SflcSf^ ^»ftil ^ = P 3 - P I = 9 5 . 6 - 4 3 . 5 = 52.1 K W
1^^tt?I^ = Vj:ylj: = 2 5 0 x 3 5
= 8750W
= 8.75KW
csifB -m = vs S^c^>i + c^îwf + ^ft^^pi + ^
= 4 3 . 5 + 3 8 + 5 2 . 1 +8.75
= 142.35KW. .
^ s n ^ ^ • ' M i l = KVAxPf= 1 5 0 0 x 0 . 8 = 1 2 0 0 K W .
= 1200+142.35
= 1342.35KW
^ • P S ^ W 5 t , Ti = - ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 0 0
1200
= 1342.35^^°"
= 89.4%
Contents
w m 8 e.'b.^ : < f l ^ 1 5 0 0 K V A . 2 0 0 0 V , 3-^, CSt^ ^^MH^W^ ^ ^ <?fm^

Cflf^JW 0 . 0 6 f l < i l ^ l t ^ 0 . 9 ' ! # f ^ 1 t « T I 1 i r W f e r " ^ ^ ? l # r 5 i : ^ l 1 ^ C ® t C ^ 1 2 5 V , 1 ^ ' ^ t C ? I * 5
7 0 A ^^HsTTfR 17.8KW, ^5Jt?RFT^ 3 8 . 7 KW liPfK^ (?mm 2.4KW 1 1 ^ W 5 t W l ( ^ 1
l-mf^: 'air, 'o^l
cacB^S "silcifbH (eTlt^)

1500x103
Ia=-=: = 74.93A. KVA= 1 5 0 0
V3x2000
3-d, A - ^ ? ^ '
la = 7 4 . 9 3 + V I = 43.26A. Rdc = 0 . 0 6 Q
Coap = 0.9«1Itf*t?,
Ra=—g—xl.3 V f = 125V, I f = 7 0 A .
3
=2x0.06x1.3 = 0.117Q V2 = 2 0 0 0 V .
^sftCSfem ^ t R l =3I^Ra
= 3x(43.26)2x0.117
= 656.87W = 0.656875KW.
l ^ ^ f S T = V/Iy = 1 2 5 x 7 0 = 8750W = 8.75KW
(?nt = ^srtrsfsi? îiij ^ + ^ + § ^ ^ + ^ 5 ^ ^

= 0 . 6 5 6 8 7 +8.75 +17.8 + ^ . 7 +2.4 = 66.306KW
^ s j l f B ^ = KVA xCos<t) = 1 5 0 0 x 0 . 9 = 1350KW.
t^f^^ = ' S f t ^ ' ^ + ^ = 1 3 5 0 + 6 6 . 3 0 6
= 1416.306kw
, âit^flfe 1350
^ ^ = - W = 1 4 1 6 3 0 6 ^ 1 0 0 = 95.3o^
w m « tt.'b.va : 2 0 0 K V A . 2 3 0 0 V , 3-if, ^ ^p5T?t < ? T B ^ ^ tlfSrHlW^ 'ir'ff l^r,
wBt^J 1*1*1 0 . 0 8 Q 0.8515^^ »fJl8w ^ ^Rcv6C^ f P f ^ C ^ R * & ^ 1 2 5 V ,
^^131*5 7 2 A . ^Pf^m -m 1 8 . 8 K W , C ^ R m 3 7 . 6 KW ( § - C » ( t ^ ^ 2 . 2 K W I «ilf^ C ? j f ^ % I H W
w(5r^jk»ni 1 . 3 Rt'soil <pRi(l 'o('v|'Siti'5wW C?[CB® «Tltr( Cos(|) = 0 . 8 5 ftl^^
KVAxl03 •Vf = 1 2 5 V
Ia=—
>/3XVL
2000x103 1/ = 7 2 A
73x2300 Rdc = 0 . 0 8 Q
= 502.043A
Contents
«)lc>fi>l« ^ft^sPT = 3 l |
= 3x(502.043)2x0..052 = 39319.359W
• =39.319KW
ÎRt ^ = V/1/= 1 2 5 x 7 2 = 9 0 0 0 W = 9KW
= 39.319+9+18.8+37.6+2.2
= 106.919KW
^ s r l ^ ^ = KVAxCos(t) = 2 0 0 0 x 0 . 8 5 = 1 7 0 0 K W
= ^s^^ +^ = 1 7 0 0 + 1 0 6 . 9 1 = 1 8 0 6 . 9 1 KVV.
^r%m T i = - ^ ^ ^ X 100
1700
= 1806:91^100 = 94.080/0
3
'•^«(fH?Ra =2Rdcxl.3
3
= 2x0.08x1.3
= 0.156
^ 2000x103 •
la = - = = 502.043A
V3X2300
T f » ^ V5|%t? ÎC^bl^ cm WC^^
502.043
la/Phase = p—=167.347
V3
.-.msfm^tl?^ = 3 I\a(2,a)Ra.
= 3x167.3472 x0.156
= 39319W = 39.319KW
^ * f l g c p f = 1 2 5 x 7 2 = 9 0 0 0 W = 9kw.
CSlt^R = 3 9 . 3 1 9 + 9 + 1 8 . 8 + 3 7 . 6 + 2 . 2
= 106.919KW
^511®?^ = KVAxPf= 1 7 0 0 + 1 0 6 . 9 1 9
= 1806.919KW
1700
= T800:9l9 ^ 1 0 0 = 94-080/0
: ff.'b.^^?.wmt^ «i«i}|<w1>< cs*&t?r * t f t ^ ^ n s r ^tg^s: TOT - ^ I ^ B M ^ U M ^ w s t

^ 1
^«(tH 8 Î'g^ ^^NHi?<:<^ c ? ^ îc<t>'N ^ gnt^ -n^tcis^ l a = ^ o x i o 3 ^

V3x200
SffTORSSf^ t C ¥ ^ 5 # 5 C^f^P^JH
Rdc 0.06
Ra = ^ x l .3 = - s - X l .3 = 0 . 0 3 9 f i
Contents
*lltSfl>W^»tlWf=3 laRa.
= 3 x ( 7 4 . 9 3 ) 2 xO.039 = 6 5 6 . 8 9 w
=0.656kw
i^tm = V/. 1/= 1 2 5 x 7 0 = 8 7 6 0 W . = 8.76KW
CsrfB = *llt<()W • ^ » J H ^ + ^ ^ + W[ + +
= 0.65089 +8.76f+17.8+38.7+2.4
= 66.300KW.
^ 5 1 1 ^ ^ = KVAxCos<t) = 1 5 0 0 x 0 . 9 = 1 3 5 0 K W
= 1 3 5 0 + 6 6 . 3 0 6 = 1416.306KW.
, ^5tt®5^ 1350
^ ' ^ = - W " ' ' ^ " " " 1 4 1 6 . 3 0 0 ^100 = 95.30/0
mm S e.'Jj.'ij : 'SP^ 1 % , t5f ^ -stB^ lOOOKVA, 4 6 0 0 V , 3-QlfT?f W i f e 2 t 1 ^ ^ t t ^ ^

^SRfD •tt«?t5 *pjllM '^(•Oi'flw'BW'fl ii^y>l t^«f5r^ I
Pl=27.2KW
iil^ltcB*P? ^ ' T B l f ^ s r l ^ ^ , P 2 = 51.7KW.
.-. f ^ t ^ = P 2 - P i = 5 1 . 7 - 2 7 . 2 = 2 4 . 5 K W
P3=60.9KW
^»t1?l P R = P 3 - P 1 = 6 0 . 9 - 2 7 . 2 = 33.7KW.
1 ^ ^ = 13.6KW
CsrfB 5W = 2 7 . 2 + 2 4 . 5 + 3 3 . 7 + 1 3 . 6
= 99KW.
t ^ f ^ •ttoimi W T f e *l^l<5Wl355 ^srt^Bâ^
= KVA xCoap = 1 0 0 0 x 1 = 1 0 0 0 KW
4 ( 1 ^ 5 1 ^ ^5ft®B^ = 1 0 0 0 + 9 9 = 1 0 9 9 K W
1099
= 1 4 7 3 . 2 HP.
0.746
•••'^'^=^1^100
1000
1 0 9 9 X 1 0 0 = 90.99%
Contents
i I C5pi^ K^mps (^m ^ i ^ l ^ w t J w ^ c^lc*i5er cm?r^ cHCMd?^ ^ ? f^miRm: W, W/
^ S ^ S •Îtf'iltiS C^ltro H ft'GlT? IsTt^^ (?nTO ^ ' ^ W w t M ^ l C^lCnJiSt C ^ F I * R (?R»f1tio ^ I
(^) ^fl^ ^ (Rotational loss)

( ' « t ) t ^ T j ^ ^ (Electlcal loss)
(n) 'im^t^ ^ ( E x c i t e r loss)
(^) C5f1^ ^ ( S t r a y l o a d l o s s )
V N L - V F L , ^
- VFL ^^1^0° _
U l I i f ' i M cbicM)^ * t Q < ^ w l< W f s i ! ? « 5 1 (laRa)
('«t) ÎICifbN RyjlVltio 5 1 (laXL)
( 1 ) ^ R i f b l i ) I W T ^ra^j|<j»n>ia5 l (laXar)
^S^g Wffiti^'o iSRl t ^ p P f t « V5|^tiJWl5W<l C^t£*i5ef C i T S T ? ^ U l S f l t ^ ^ I
^ S ^ 8 ^*B|<IW'BM5( C^rsrsH^ TTS ^ W ^ I^ t ^ R l t It^SlK V J l S W iflt C?r8^R*B 8 %

c«iCT5 2 0 % l i R i ^ m f ' t i it>8Tfi^ w t % ^ 2 5 % C9fc^ 5 0 % ^ Hc^p I ImIî iT>8Trm Tspnt? c b h ^
C?ro^?PR 1 2 % 1 ^ W 11C5 I
( ' t ) ^suiHrrra t t ^ f H l i R . lipr. CT«t^

(1)it>8Tmr H c i t l t i r a c5T«r5
V I c§ c s n ^ f T l ^
^^HWtcO^ '&IICafl>|(.<<l f g l ^ I F C T ^ 1 *i>llCÎ>l^ <<>'6|BC^ CT 'i|!vb<'IWHS R^JCtc^lPl-H
s p f '^-^51^5 (^-C^fl^ ^ HR I
>l ^^BMWIJM^ ^-l^lli} ^ 1 ^
^ g 1 ^ ÎCifbW >S?[ltfe^ tij \i)^l<Wl3W5J ^ i r a ^ R ; ? ! I
^ g c i m ( ? R , c i m 1t<8i, c i H i : ^ , îL^bH cm t ^ o j t ^ ^ ^ ^ n w ^ c ^ i ^ cki>i ^ i

Contents
bro
" t ^ o ^ ^ t W r , Tl = X 100
X 100
XlOO
1 - XlOO
V
8 st«fcsf ^ i l ^ l ^ c B - K a i ' ^ H w B ' J W .sMS - s r B r ^ >t!AIWj ^ W i S P H t ^ '^f^

^sr&C^ f t ^ T T t ^ 'S^ll3(i(^lC<tl ^rt^rw ^ # ^ 1 ^ l ^*t?5 ^ "sfB^ ^5R^
^8 I
Tjt^ ' T B ^ tt-Q^mj W ^ I f r a îl^^tti^ ^5f^ ^ vs^l-KJWWtSow
id
^ t ^ ' I ^ *tt<3?t^ ^ ^ I m<5T? t t f ^ R W f f ^ ? t ? T * I ^ T O ^ ^
( s i t B ^ ' f T M ' B 2t<n^ ^ I lii^ "srBcra t ^ * ^ ^ttâiTiJ c?Rs® ^ I ^ « ? [ *tt«Trtc^ f ^ i ^
i I ^jTî. •frvQimf w t f e ^ * B M w l 5 M f l (3ro^9mt^«#"«Rf i [^mftm: 'o(t, 'o!>j

^ 8 smf^l *ttv8?It^ w i t ? ^ l * f CfTt I
IwmPtm: 'o% 'ob-J
^ ^ 8 e.:;^ ^ t l W H ^ t%f®^ *t1v31It? W 1 ^ ^S,*f 0^ I
8 t ® t ¥ ^ vg ^ ^ f t f y r f ^ •^tra% CôlC^StW •si'^lSFW 9 0 ° - ^ t 90° TO I

iSIOTtl *t1<3Tlt?.Wtt3C^ ^^mm 1 ^ cTjtf?t» ;iRS,tiR:^ *ttvSTI1? TFJI^ ^ I (J, = 9 0 ° TOT,
Cos90° = 0
^ 8 e.i-î's^srsp^cfrt 1
Contents
<t\ t ^ R n ? iTîmr *i>ji4'5c^ ^^MC'i'5«< c'6K^<5t ( 3 r o - c g m 1 ¥ l i r ^ i
^1 vs>|*iJ|<c.+"5«^ *I£>H ^lPl<>l 2 f « 1 1 R ^ I
<t.<t *idi4«^tt (?T«t I [mif^:'^]

K\ t ^ f ^ * f ! j ^ tt><smr v j l l w *i*BMwl3«^ cHc^rt^cv4>lc*i5cet^ •>i^«»«^«l 1 ^ ^ i
W m - i « 1000 ^, 1 4 0 0 C5T*5, ÎÎ^WUM^ «tf% T I ^ ^ I ^ (3li^rSTm 0 . 6 Q

i m t ? "Wft? 0 . 7 5 l l t R ? . i £ l ^ ^ * f i f f t f ^ ?FfC?I^ 2 0 0 A I « f & ^ J l 1 C < f & t ^ J l C * l ^ 1.4 ^ I
kVAslOOO
V L = 1400V.
3-(p
R d c / L i n e = 0-6£2
Cos(p = 0 . 7 5 ^ 1 .-.9 = 0 0 ^ 1 ( 0 . 7 5 )
Son(p = S i n 4 1 . 4 ° = 0 . 6 6 1 3 =41.4°
1400
Eoc=-^=«884.29V.
^/3 '
^ Eoc 808.29
Z s = l i ^ = - 2 0 0 - = 4.041
Ra=^^xl.4 .-jcsWZs^ - R a 2
=^Xl.4=0.42 =V4.04l2-0.422
, 1000x103
ja = -— = 412.39A.
V 3 X1400
V N L = V ( V F L C o s ( p + L a R a ) 2 + ( V F L S i n + IaXs)2
V (808.29 x0.75+412.39x0.42)2+(808.29X0.6613+412.39x4.019)
3 = V607499.56+4804502.7
= 2 3 2 6 . 3 7 V,
= 187.81%
Contents
w m - ^ : 2 5 0 0 K V A , 2 0 0 0 V . 3-<|> ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^JB|^w1»C^^ ^ <?flM9 <m 0.12S1

0 . 8 »ITtf*tl •lt««l< »WISM TOT I C®tC»Bw 1 2 5 V , 1 ^ W C ? l ^ 7 S A ^ R p W f ^ 2 0 K W ,
^ i n W T ^ 30KW <iP(K ($ CgltWT 2 k w I H l < îfw'^^l ^ ^ I l^fmPm: 'o
(Ff^JH "^s^, 3-(()
J KVA = 2 5 0 0 Vf=125V
VL=2000V If=75A
^ A C C^«f = 0 . 1 2 i 2
i f l ^ C T O I A C CfftM = R a = = 0.06Q
§i^s»Rm?R = 20KW
.^5[1?IiR^= 3 0 K W
C$(?ir5^= 20KW
'M\(.^bH Ia = ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^
V3VL
2500X10^
'^V3X2000
= 721.68A
*llC<t>W ^ f l ? » P r = S l a ^ R a
= 3 X(721.68)2 x 0.06
= 93747.96W
= 93.747KW
1 ^ «PT = Vflf = 1 2 5 X 7 5 = 9 3 7 5 W = 9 . 3 7 5 KW
CsrtB «13T = 9 3 . 7 4 7 + 9 . 3 7 5 + 2 0 + 3 0 + 2
= 1 5 5 . 1 2 2 KW
^ 5 J 1 ^ ^ = Kva X P f = 2 5 0 0 X 0 . 8 = 2 0 0 0 KW
= ^5J1^^^ + CsnS = 2 0 0 0 + 1 5 5 . 1 2 2 = 2 1 5 5 . 1 2 2 KW
, ^Sft^^ft 2000
^ = - 1 ^ ^ = 2155:122 ^ =92-8%
W m - « t <iWfiJ BOO KVA, 2 3 0 0 V , 3-0 ^^mHliC^Î sjf^ ^ t^.l^f (3lTf 0.8£2 ^ ftf¥^
^FtGi* 2 0 4 A I A.C c?ifif%jw 1 ^ o r f ^ ^ j t c ^ 1 . 5 'o«t 0 . 8 »mf«r •tt>a«ni »f c?roip»m
3-Ra=0.6,
Isc = 2 0 4 A .
Cos(p = 0 . 8
.-. (p=Cosrl (0.8)=36.86°
Contents
Sincp = S m 36.86° =0.6

Vt 2300
Eoc = ^ =^-=1327.91V.
V3 Vs
^ Eoc 1327.91 •
X 5 = AiZs2-Ra2
= >|6.5l2-0.62
500X 103
Ia = ^ = 1 2 5 . 5 1 A
Va X 2300
= V ( V F L C O S OT^, = - vp.^^ XlOO
1137.75-1327.91 ,^
XlOO
1327.91
= -14.31%.
Wnt-8 i *t1Wl* C ^ t ^ 4 6 0 V >iRl (?^-(^ CÎC^Sf 5 3 5 V TOT ^ ^'HS^
C?rOT?m^? ( 9 . 7 7 % )
W m - < t S 5 o o KVA 2 3 0 0 CS^ ^ Cm Î^KwlJtiW fitt% 1®, f^f C?rfifgjm 0.4 I <£\'9
^'em W f t ? 0.8 «Ulf«tl >iRl ^ ' f t t ^ ?FtC^ 2 o 4 ^JlHilK I wfst'Bjl*! f^. t% C<l(it'8ilC<>1^
C5W 1.5 « ^ I lira CSt^ C?rOOT^ ^ ? (12.7%)
W m - < ! ) S l i l ^ 50KVA 2 3 0 C5t^ 5 0 -Hl^W ^MiNCi'SCtl^ ÎC<bN C?rf^tlN 0 . 0 1 2 vS5?l .£R^
0.05 « ^ I^ ^^ÎFltro >iRl (^) 0 . 8 6 6 ÎJlRl tt'STIIIl W t f e ('t) 0.866
i r a ^ Wife 1?t^«. 'RRÎR TO TO (?T C 5 { f ^ «llUblW C«n?e^ >iRl
c?roFmwTO?
: 2 0 0 0 K V A , 2 3 0 0 Volt, 3 - C ^ ^ • f l W ^ C l J * ^^WwUwU atf^ ^ <JFim
0.08 0.85 1 1 ^ W i f e W ^ TO I CS11?5t^ 1 2 5 C5t^ WlSl^ 7 2
WlH?im ^ ^ ' 1 ^ ^ ^ 18,8ICW,'^mRR ^ 3 7 . 6 K W >iRl C * ^ ^
^^«ftiW ^ I (lill^ C5f^%lH f^. 1.3 '0«t) ( 9 4 . 0 8 % )
W m - V : i£Rsj5 7 5 0 K V A 4 4 0 0 V o l t *)ÎH<y'i5W<l 1^. ^ ^siTCSfet? >Q?Ilt^l w(«t^Jl*l 0 . 9 " Q ^ I
c?tt® '^tra ^ ^ I
Wnt-S» : liRPt^ 2 5 K V A *l*i}NW'Bc<m C^rfB ? R 2 0 0 0 w a t t I ^ 0 . 7 6 tl'STIIIl W i f e t ^ ^ f ^ ^
*iH<l<l4. I ^ W5T ^ I (90.48%)
WJIt - i o : .iRsI^ 8 3 k w , 5 0 0 v 3 — ÎMJKw'Bh %tC?l ^ t i m t « I «l^|<wl5< 0 . 8 5 1 # t l tl'Q^mi
, W i f e t-miR)* *tf%! I CSlPtWil WC^ ^ ? Titw C'iPrcsi?! «J>5f*V|^l So
m ^ , ^5138551 ^f|fl?ra ^ ? (139HP) ^1^^^
wm- : *SWf& 2 0 0 0 C5t^ t^tm ^nJKwUo ^ csttus lOOAmp, WOl^TO I ^
^SlfeU-P? ^ 5 i t # • 2 . 5 A m p . li) ^ 5 R ^ 1 ^ 1lf¥B ^?Fli:^ ^ lOOAmp >iRl îl^ m^l^(.'i?«tCT
'flU'R -^Ttf^ C^Hêt tl'flTrf ^ 5 0 0 Col^ I *IIC<bM CiltWCt^ 0 . 8 i ^ ) TOT ^^lilW'Gt.tl
OijH*Bet C ^ i ? m W TO t l ^ e ^ W l ^ (^) liRs^ ('«t) 0 . 8 («t) 0 . 7 4 ^TTlf«tl
^ J 7%- 9 % : 1 2 . 6 % .
Contents
Miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimi
'b.i s T^RCSFFltt!^^ Sjmchoroniasing):

t%f^ w « f % ^ t r ^ "<5^ ^ "^si:^?!!*!^ ^•B!<wi3< «fjMHic<*r i R b H ' i i 1*4)I^C"*
I^RWrttf^^ ^ l" It^TTt? ^ f w ^1%T 'Spg ^ 5 i % t l C T ^ 1iM|ilH«T
if^bllHl I U m H t F T II^bHHl CHIT firf^ *l^1<l(Hl5«î1 UtfiHMCv»it*i3St W
fitf^ CH%W? W ^ i 2 ( 1 ^ CSffifTO Cv»IC^St H M W ^HWCSt, l^'^lCf?
^^^nm 1 8 0 ° t ? i f ^ 5 2 f i ^ -ii^lowcisî c^m ! > ) ^ « * ( I£R5^ ^ i^ / t ^ t j f ^ ^
•bA S *l*i»Mw'5w^ r>^'IW.Hltf^Vi£Rr%W*fJ(Purposes of Synchrorizing a l t e m a t i r s ) :
i. >ffva| 1taiil<i '6tij(For m a x i m u m efiScieney);

It^sH? Cg*n?ra ^1if C^nro^ ^ 1 % t ^ S H W l f ^ < [ f ^ ^ I (RiTOff 5 l % t 1 ^ * ^ ^ H ô^:ôtf*[^
H # Q 1 % ^ TO CffsH H I I ^sfHTa <[T®f% blf^Hlo ^ sjCJIletW ^5i%gi?5? ^msrB ^ HI i

J^.'Tl<^*f^'nPRnW^1^''R^ (Continuity o f Suppl^^
1 ^ Î%ff 'J?l1 ^PH? SfUCfe-lS ^yp^ ^ H ^5^^stf*f^ *I^WWlJ^ 1JWhIW 1%HHHTO
H? W o l -^Ti^ i £ i ^ Hai 'sr^t^^sfB^ H ^ ^^5tnR ^ V3|*i3l?iwi3w Ctfstt 1 ^ H
'snrom ^ cic^r >i«n)i4^ <f^ ^ H i i ^«r5 *iîi)wi5< U M M I W it^FRH
^'îNwt^ ^ s j c ^ ' ^ Cim <3 H#t ^ C ^ M w U i l W (Emergency) ( J H ^ I ^ ^ H'^ H i
mi. C^l-'H'^ H«UW^HJHJC«11Cki ItfUaFW ' I ? ^ C»f^H H i I
0 . C^^^C^^ ^ [ f ^ (Advantage o f m a i n t e n a n c e ) :
^ H teC^rtf^ ^l^lVwiStl UmPTtCT i R b H ' ^ t ^ 1<I1<I 1tftl3FW t ^ l W ^ C^R't
W 1 1 ^ 'aiîJltlWiJij t J l ^ - ^ ^ ^ S T o t ii3^?,*lltl,<fM ^ H I I ^«f5 ifiRpft Hat ^-Î^SWCt^l
îAHii' ti|<l»)tîl ^ 'Tj^f 1 t ^ pKt^ <f^ H'«t^ ^ I
8. ^ R » l j ^ ^ ^ r f ^ c n t ^ (Future E x t e n s i o n for l o a d ) :
^RtiJW (?m irei^ l>IC^t>l^ ^ C 1 ^ sfCH^HW ^^!<!Wt3<i ijl^JHlw ^ H ^ ^t%T
•^•^Hll
<t. WtJw^ ^ « t t (Physical sizes "of a l t e m a t a r s ) :
It'QHl ^ O t ^ s j l 1 ^ (Rtro?! •5t%t t 5 I ? I l Wîil^tf^f^ ^5[%j c # g UKHIW iRbMHl ^ ^ s ^
\51W?[ ^5[m?-^5It?p|% >i)^^fitlt51-^ÎW<l ' ^ W l ^ s f t ^ ^ 5 1 ^ ^ I^ Hai «>t^l<wB< ^ ^ j ^
^^5?RR ^ « i m ? r - * t i f f ^ TOi^ ^ ^ I ^ 5 j ^ cTOi ^5if^ ciltîii? (?fBi ^
^ I
J %=TCaFPTltf^ "^RT * T ^ 1 ^ S (List o f t h e c o n d i t i o n s for s y n c h r o m i s i n ^ :
^WWI-Hltf^'s m 1 ^ C^fsH ^ -
1. siWl-^n* « i * i 5 W w ' B w u U l l i f H H cvslcnJ^ w t i t W i
^ fitUSFPft vs(^|tlWl5Wl<tM-sl ' T R ^ 'T?.7H1 TO I

8. a t f ^ 'AI'BNWISMÎ f>i<$cii l i i ^ ^ TO I ^«lt«> <2tl^ cT#n?ra R , Y , B '^''^p^-
R , Y . B cTOfi -51% ^ s p r r i wi i
Contents
iJl^HtW iRblPtâ vii^MHl3< ^ ^ ^^KW C^lFUî^ T r ^ m t^tfâ ^flW

^ ITOTl i j ^ ^ (;v»i(;<^c>Sfsi ^.•?:?t .ii??,3n<i^wfD°v ^ i •
^.S t dl^1j4ij|«t »tît%C^ 1 ^ OPSf ^^^^trof&OT f5iHC«0.Hff^l D e o c r i b l e t h e d a r k a n d

bright lamp m e t h o d s of s y n c h r o nizing 3-d a l t e r n a t e ! )
Bus-Bars
^ . 8 . i ^ f 5 M ^ f % ^ (Li.La, L3) ^ p R i ^ ^^pnn (?r8ni?!t ^^îc^ i ^ ^ -oiî^jwiJii-i
ÎÎ^MBMI) " ^ m t ^ ^ 'SPF (Off) Li ^ R R ^*JJ,L2 y B' ^*JJ>^??, L 3
sfOrff TO CsltB^B Cv»Cn>Sf ^^n^ ^ ^ I
B/B
^ ^^NwUtJ ^9lt^ t^ml^^ C#ITO t i T O f i^l wf>IW<1 MiTOf ^ ' W C # f "?:5t ^STTOf R y ' B '
Contents
L2 ^ t 1 ^ C ® 1 ^ (yS') ^^^^ ^ v 5 P T C l ^ «ttC^ I

L3 ^ t f ^ cît*=G^st ( B y ) >it«*(i*-sncfra <MÎ<M(^^^sm^ I
^<fe, ^ L2-L3-L1 S F s n ^ i^cTC? I
Y' B
L3 L2
<Itt^ %fCm stTD3 ^ ' R ^!?IC5f ?pf5Bl f ^ t f ^ 3 R T ^ ^^s^S
«nTO ^ ' j j . s . v s (^) ^^.fewOT'ttiRt I
^5J1^ ^H4lfv|^ Csrf%^ t l r o t ^ % f C # l ^ JJ^- RyB CS\!^ R Y B 'ifH
L I ^TF%? CBKMJST ( R R ' ) lil^ ^ ^ R L L ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^TTCFRL 1 W ^5(21^ ^ I
L3 ^ t f % ? cîcMJst ( / B ) ^ ^ v 5 P T c t ^ «tli:^ I
L2 ^ t t ^ cîcê? ( B y ) ^ ^ncfra «Mî<Mf^ ^ 1
^ [ ^ ^ ^ f % 3 ^ L 3 - L 2 - L 1 ^ £ l t 3 F 5 l t ^ ; ^ T O ^ 9 t t ' b . 8 . v 5 ( ' < ) R ^ f 6 W < 7 f « r i ^ ^ I^^Wlt^^Csrf^^
tfron ^ fit% HÎWi) t t r o ^ ^«n3Ksr ^ TO PiHt^HH t i T O l t ^ ^ I WT

^HiPti cwPiwn ^ m i ? ta-^ciiRt ^^mm f^frj^wRiti TO ^ L I ^ f ^ ^ L2
ii|'«rtI?T ^'«tTCT - ^ I f ^ C5ti:^TO? CTO ^ I ^ K H U W H tvolCnJiSt C'jpt TOT C8«f ' S T ^ ^ f P R T O ?

Contents
'b.a i t 5 T O l F t t ^ » R f ^\^m ^ ^ M W ^ w ^ l i M M l w t f % 5 m (Parallel o p e r a t i o n o f a l l e m a t o r s

by synchroscope) i
B —
Y-
R.
LLLL L i,L L
iSRsft t n ^ C * ) ^ H ^ H ^ t O T P # ? I^RCZFHltf^l ^ l \'\<P\fHK ^ (fast) H ^ (slow)
m ^ C W « T I R Y B m 'm«f t^mf^l C 5 ( 1 ^ - i H C^rR^--^ Pt'iC.il.Hlt'St

TO I T i 'Q T 2 t P l W r R ^ *IIÎWJ l«rt3K5f W p t ^ - i m\ C f P t ^ - ^ liRI Y 'Q B «1ltW< C«IC*Bet
c i f X 5 i ^ TO P i H t ^ H i t f ^ i <ii*(<ii« sm^ ^Pim H ^ ^ ^tiiits^ I ^snH? Pt^tusj.i'iitfefvH^ H ? ^H
C5fPt^ ^ f^n'RaFtm:'^ iî^ TOHR ^ i w f t Cffeit 1 «JMlw< Y « B il^Hî
C^ltêj T 3 Cg«(-^51^ 5W»Pt|V||WH >||ÎWJ«^fi)Cy i T O F t l S F T C t ? TOHR ^ ? j H t CffSlI? H ^ W
^1
^ S R ^ T O I ^ l i l l W ^ l i l ^ f ^ f a s t *iR'v*l'ijfHt<> slow Pr«ff tftW 1

t=T^l m mm "^WfC^^ fTOFPTPT « t f T O ^ n ^ < t^s^
lii'SlltciJ'pf £R?rtt TO t P i w i H ^ (Ti H T2) ^ I TOT P f ^ r c a F t H t f e i mm ips ^H
t^mlî cfPt^ l > i H c * i w i t >i5i<)<ii< t n j I ^sfRm T 3 i£i<T ^ On «II>I<N
1>Rcapt^t *\«<i\K I i f w ' t w t f ^ ' v C5[Pt^ iq^l ? m i ? T t ^ ^ K # f ? T i H ^ ^ "mjM t^^RaFtmt
t o r ^ ^5R^ I liiBit P i H C * H i t l « t " v m Iif^ tH*lPlic5i%^ < ^
^ H W P H H ; ff^ ^ tra*5i?i1t F a s t ^ p i : ^ iSRi t ^ m f ^ i c ^ r t e a Gf^tii!*! ^ ^
' T C l ^ B l ^ Slow ^[IW I tH<t>lPl?> c s r f ^ f a s t H slow ^ sJlt'T ^'''IWil t f T O I ^ "^^H^FCST "^f^
PlHt^'lt^lt'RT ^ # 5 T5if% H ^ >i(X«)>ÎW P l H C i * H l t ( « t ° v ^ ^ ^ = f ^ H i I
^.•^ i fîHW-Hl^fe?, tfl^l f5|C^Hlt(^?, •tt^llRT ( S y n c h r o n i z i n g c u r r e n t a n d s y n c h r o n i z i n g

Power) S
^StOT3 C ' o R ^ ^ 1 ^ 180° 1%'Tf^s « r t ^ I C^Stc^TgfW Tsn^T ^ « H l C ^ f t ^ (Local) H t ? 5 ^ ^9ft«,
t s i ^51^ *llt4blW srtl? CÎC^St ( R e s u l t a n t voltage) «ftW H I ^ g ^ ^ H f C ^ l

4IW^5 (circulating c u r r e n t ) fiRlft^^ H I
Contents
brb-
§ a i ? vb.vb ( ^ ) ) ('t) (^)
^-sR ^ ^Â^M^m n t % t % ^ ^>QTmi C^H«=G>St E 2 . E l 180° ' R ' i f ^

- 'a' C ^ « t ^ 1 TO? E l ^^^2:''^ 'î^ ^ C ^ t l ^ (Kit) ^ ^ "flH W?[C«f i^l *I*G!<1CH'5?
C^H'^fit E r ^ ^ i t ^ R S F H l t t W " ^ ^ ^ Isy C<itR?rt I
Zsi ^ ZS2 ^'=^v vil^l^JwUwî -JlstraPCT f^^nSFRPf l (plTtp2 '^s 0

TIstT2FW E l . E 2 , '^^"s E r Igy ^ C^'=t ^ C^^, Cîl^ ÎC^bl-g wlst^l*! R a ,
iW3FRPT % I I t ^ j m X s ^g^lprra ^ I ^^<^'s = tan-1 f ^ ) = tan-1 {a)=90°
^«ft«« E r Isy 9 0 ° TO I
^rP#HC>d'Hiêt TOf Tl^»t^lWCT • (automatically) ' P r o s m i t f ^ ? , sHlT^ TOT ^^NWil|l5

^ p ? ^ tTO3FHl^St\5 TO 1
. *tt^TrT?r ( s y n c h r o n i s i n g h o w e r ) :
2Rtf^ ^ 5 t w 1 % T O F H t t t ^ i *rT<amr tot I " <h.^ ( n ) ^ i I m 'sf^m^ wwr^f^

tTOFRI^l'rt^QllT? Ps 1 =Ei Isy Cscpi
OT:^ (pi c ^ , OTc^ Coscpi = 1
P s i = E l Isy ^ P s i = E l IsyCos (90°-^) = E i Isy SinO fT^TTt^ 2 af^«f TO ^1
*l^l?)d'fi:^ ittÎt^SfTH PS2 =E2syCoS(f)2

(P2 ^ f<m Cos(p2 =1
.-. P s i = P S 2 + ^ C^^si*fC^ ^
Psi = PS2
Tlt^ El =E2 = E 5 ^
Contents
= 2E Cos(90°-<x/2)
= 2ESina/2
'a' ^ 1^*fr?l sin a/2 = a / 2
.-. E r = 2E xa/2 = cxE
T Er
•••l^ = Z s i +ZS2
Z s l + Z s 2 = X g + x s = 2Xs
. • . i W F R T t l ^ l ^ ^ , Isy = 2 5 ^
aE
~2Xs
Psy = E l Isy = E>2 Isy

Psy = E.Isy = E . 2 x ^ = 2 ^
aE aE^sinG
Psy = E.IsySinG = E . 2x^ Sine = —
3aE2sine^3aE2
' 27tNs 27iNs

'5>.«\ S ^ *|»i5Mc»|UMi) f^rrcg^^nî^?, i f R T ^•Rr ^ P R C^lC*Bcist^ (Effect o f u n e q u a l v a l t a g e o n
synchronising two altematers)
ifiî ;£i-^f5ti ^«i^t?i CTFS! ^ « f t t i f » n R «rtTOi^ Sîw^
^ ^ (Resutant) C^»IC^t'S,<) ^ 1^ ^ c^lC'^CSi^l

ÎtsflbW v f l ^ >lW'$wI^»v W ( S I ^ -^-TIT^ ^
I S Y
i^l ^•^l ^•5l^W'i3«< ^ iI«tl3fW E l E2. Ei^lf^ g

E2 ^ ôlTOl SÎCHÎ ^ C^tC^ E r = fei-E2 '
5, "b.'t^l f5CT (:iHTCS[t ^ 1^ C^lC^Si E r lil? ^ "^R^bfW'Sl ^*IT ^ i l ^ ^H^^wlUl

g iTOFltf^f^ Isy « R t f ^ -^-TjT^ E r «mi J9o° ÎJlt TO I ^<J«, Isy, E i c<|5 9 0 °
i TOT El ff^^ TO I 1%f^l W r a ^ ^ W?Ct ^TI ^ " s j i ? ^

7 ^ W ^ TO
I <S|lC^lbl«J # ? m ^ 5 » t ^ W^«t iPt^ ^ TOT E2 t^sitt ^ 'Tt^ I ^ T O t ^ ^ *J?CT?
Contents
:*timr»rR9r if^blPlv* ^ *(iBMw15w<| m (Distribution o f load bet ween two

a l t e r n a t o r s a n parrallel)
^ H 11^1%?0t^1^ f f ^ l B f ( K V A R ) W r ^ f l ^ o - T t ^ l B f ( K V A ) f f l H a ^ T O H i I 2ff^
TtâHil ( K W ) ifll C ^ m * t ^ H I « t f ^ CSlPt^ Ttîmr 1 ^ (Coscpi) Cos(p2 f l ^ W ?
i m ^ ^mfî ^ I ^^f^Bc^ra ^ H csrf^ w ^ c^rPtCT csn^ f ^ i ^ ^ wn s t f ^

C5?PR?^ >irattcB*t^ ^ t f N ^ fititsi "5^51111 ifiH^ ^ 1
tîâFRltw ^ ^ I i ^ R c a F l H t s f 45llc^t ^ ^ ^fiT55 * ( l 1 i m 1 1 ^ *i<-ai,ii csiPr;?!!

a n t f vi,«lW< ^ % 1 % l j f % ^s^re^f ^ ^ %1 H ' T H ^ H H C S f C^m® l l ^ l H >iD«1<l*, I
H t H C t H C H ^ C^rr® ^ l l l i m H T O T i ^ t C ^ l f ^ C^T^S H T O I lilt^tC^ fifltf
Vi'tokHH H?ttW ^ <1W<(IW< C^n^ 1 ^ I i f l t ^ ajlt^êiwu t ^ a ^ f TO C I c ^
^^MCHIJC^K ^ 1 1 H H H C H m^ 1 ^ C^THE ^ H^C^ I
IIL'«T^ CSRF^ ^ "SRI:^ TOF fitltf-l'alW?) ^ <>I|ltc^ ^5tc^ ifl^L G#n?ll aflt^-
>l,«iw< *tf^ « i i ^ i t w ^stc? I i'«i^ i ^ i (.viPtWii ûifiiUW ^ TO ^ c ^ ^ 1 ^ ^SFI^
1^TO I
«»>.i: ^î^wT?^ *i(î>iPi^ w R * < R R ^ <?rtog Rc^ctt I

^. sookw'rttf^ctro?
0 . 9 ^mf^tl *IT<Jill< «PJI*W lOOOkw CftOT
n. 0 . 8 ^ntPti*nîii^ looKVAcgftcg
^. 0.9 ^5tfef SOOKW I^ ^MiMH'gt; 0 . 9 5 ^mPfl ^ I B T 'fJtfcf
i 5 o o k w c T O ' R R H ^ cwi ^ 5 1 ^ % f t i ^siî^wUw^ tTOrt^H^ ^5n^*i;5 ;£i^^ im%^
i H H T t i'Ti e r r s
Cen^ = SOOKW (^0^1), Cos(pi = 1, (pi = Cos-l (ij =o°

.-. KVARl = JCW X tancpi = 5 0 0 xtanO° = 0
^îc^tt^
C^H^S = 1 0 0 0 KW. Cos(p2 = 0 . 9 (ÎJlPt^)
.-. <|)2 = C o s - 1 ( 0 . 9 ) = 2 5 . 8 4 °
Contents
KVAR2 = KWxtanq)2 = lOOOxtan 2 5 . 8 4 ° = 4 8 4 . 3 2 K V A R
<m =ioooKVA' ^ ^ ^ 3 =
(P3 = C o s - l ( 0 . 8 ) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
= 1 0 0 0 xP.f = 1 0 0 0 x 0 . 8 = 8 0 0 KW.
KVAR3 = KW xtan(p3 = 8 0 0 xtan 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 5 9 9 . 7 8 KVAR
;, Cos(p4 = 0 . 9 (M^l)
C511^ = 5 0 0 K W '
.-. (P4 = C o s - 1 (0.9) = 2 5 . 8 4 °

.-. K V A R 4 = K W X tan(p4
= 5 0 0 xtam 2 5 . 8 4 ° = 2 4 2 . 1 6 KVAR
C5ri5 ftM^ (M® = 5 0 0 + 1 0 0 0 + 8 0 0 + 5 0 0 = 2 8 0 0 KW
C5flt KVAR C^li^ = 0 + 4 8 4 . 3 2 + 5 9 9 . 7 8 - 2 4 2 . 1 6 = 8 4 1 . 9 3
^cf^ «wf»fi fT'STmi - j p m t e r K V A R t r ^ s t l ^ m i t 5 # i f r - o m w i ^ f f e ? i K V A R (RCII^
A ^*=B1MM13M5| (ms
K W A = 1 5 0 0 K W , Cos(pA = 0 . 9 5 (^l)
(PA = Cos-1 (0.95) = 1 8 . 1 9 ° A
.-. K V A R A = K W A X tancpA
= 1 5 0 0 xtan 18.19^ = 493.02 KVAR
K W B = 2 8 0 0 - 1 5 0 0 ;= 1 3 0 0 K W
B *I^Mwt;«< KVAR
K V A R B = 841.93- 493.02 = 348.9 K V A R
B. ^5|^ ( R S ^ K V A
KVAB = V(KWB)2 +(KVARB)2 .
= V (1300)2 +(348.9)2
= 1346.KVA
B - ^ M J K W U W O fT^TTt? W I ^
KWB 1300
= KVA^ = 1346 = 0-966
w o t s 'b.b-.î, 8 C o o 1%c^<3irf5 ' t t ^ i CTtTO o . v 'flheTO w t f e - ' f l i'boo ^ro»rr>sirf5 C»I1TO <iiî
o.s. • t r a i n s w i f e C o o f ^ s c s i m t ^ c^ncs, «I*GMW'B<C4 • m m t w t - t ^ n ^ ^ ^ ^ c ^ i ^
<fl^ 'i>IÎ^H'G^ o.hi MJlf^l t t ' Q ^ W t f e i C o o f % ^ « l r f & C»ftTO ^
^ • B i w U f l f t J W5 R»c<»il'Qirf5 ^ i i S U ^ c r t T O »iiîW5 f h o ^ bl*ilwl ^ ^ w t ^ f ^ ^ f t r ^ 1
W«rR 8W C'Tt'S
KWi = 5 0 0 K W ( ^ < ) , Coscpi = 1 .-. di = C o s - l ( l ) = 0°
KVARi = K W i xtancpi = 5 0 0 x t a n 0 ° = 0
KW2 = 1 6 0 0 K W C O « P 2 = 0.8(^1)
(P2 = C o s - l ( 0 . 8 ) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
Contents
KVAR2 = KW2 xtan<p2 = 1 6 0 0 xtan 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 1200KVAR
KW3 = 5 0 0 K W < = ° ^ 3 = 0 . 9 l ^ - v
(P3 = Cost <0.9) = 2 5 . 8 4 °

.-. KVAR3 =KW3 xtan(p3 = 5 0 0 x t a n 2 5 . 8 4 °
.-. KVAR3 = 2 4 2 . 1 6 K V A R
CsrfB KW C«irE = 5 0 0 + 1 6 0 0 + 5 0 0 = 2 6 0 0 K W .
Csn^ KVAR (?n^ = 0 + 1 2 0 0 - 2 4 2 . 1 6
= 1057.84 KVAR
K W A = 1500KW = 0.95 (^l)
(pA = C o s - l (0.95) = 1 8 . 1 9 °
.-. K V A R A =KWA xtancpA
= 1 5 0 0 xtan 18.19°
= 493.02KVAR
.-. B ^*B|i)Mt}M^ ^!Wtvg?if&
• K W B = 2 6 0 0 - 1 5 0 0 =1100KW
B *l*i>l<lWl3W0 K V A R C^tt^
K V A R B = 1057.84 ^93.02
= 564.82 KVAR
B 'i'l^MWliC^K KVA (?rr5
KVAB =V(KWB)2 +(KVARB)2
= V(1100)2 +(564.82)2
= 1236.54KVA
.-. B *S|*6|<W"i5M< ft^Hil "Wt^
CoscpB = K W B / K V A B = ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ = 0 . 8 8 9 5 (^l)
w m g ^.\r.^,. Î'Bww'B^ •ijwt'rtrsf t^sW^ cm ''mm "^f^mtx, i
(i) iflW^ • f t ' e ^ RRlB 'boo ftcil<aif5 I
(U) o.}> »i-oK«i>Jl •ftâror ^pjlin RFlTS i o o o f^w!>a?ifl> 1
(m) o.v «t'6i«?rSt'it^H? iimt?r f ^ f ^
(iv) o.s» ^ a j ^ *rf'«rm i m * ^ 1 ^ f ^ v o o t^!c»rr>«# i H% «i*bi<iwTb< O.j>4 • w ^ a f ^ it^sto
JBttw ^0001%!c»iT«irfi? ' H R H ^ TO I ^ - s i ^ ^•m cBtHiMiBium i m m «*rt>sirm tfitSott
KWi = ^ o K W . Coscpi = 1. (pi = Cos-Kl) = 0°

KVARi = KWi xtan(pi = ^00 x t a n 0 ° = OKVAR
nF^cms
KW2 = i o o o KW, Cos<p2 = O.S*, ((P2 = C o s - l (O.S)) = ^(^.b-8
KVAR2 =KW2Xtan(p2= i o o o x t a n ê.b-8°=8br8.^br KVAR
Contents
KW3 = iCooKW, Cas(p3 = o.br, =Cos (o.br)l = o-to.lrJj

KVAR3 = KW3xtan(P3 = i C o o x t a n ^'b.\rb° =^^\8.(toKVAR
KW4 = broo KW, Cos(p4 = O.S. (leadi), (p = C o s - 1 o.h = \(t.V8

KVAR4 = KW4 xtan(p4 = broo xtanc^C.brS = obr«^.8^8 K V A
csrf? KW = 'boo + i o o o +ifl'oo +b-oo = oJjoo KW
CSTf5 KVAR = o + Sb-S Abr+^^0^8.^0 - Ob-^^.SC^S
= i:i:i8.S.c:iKVAR
K W A ='=1000 Cos(pA
= O.JJC (51#tl) (PA = - C O S - 1 O.^C
= ib-. 159°
KVARA = K W A xtancpA
=^ x t a n ib-.iS.° = «5jC«^.ib- KVAR
K W B = ojjoo -•5,000
= iJjoo
B ^51^ KVAR
K V A R B = i^^S.JjC:^ -^«^.ib-
= (hbS.SS^ K V A R B
B ^ 5 1 ^ (?ife K V A
KVAB =VKWB2 +KVARB^
= iSib-O.oiJj
KWB
*^°^B-KVAB-iS.lrNS.oiS.
w m 8 ^.V.S 8 3 , 0 0 0 K V A , 6 C^'«J*5r9WlJ?r a # fi(^ 1000 Iprc^ «fl^l ^

C»tfitCTir^^lf^ Ût^rWOT 3 3 0 0 2 •ll'H'lKil^ *<(^va -g^gmt^ I Wf'lW^ P^><c>»HI>l f^tiJI'»'Bj|»| 2 5 % I
W ( H 8 2tf%f^ C5tf5fc?r?[ i3|fifHH c®n?Bw

3300
E = — p - = 1905V
V3
Contents
j»8 . i£i.15r c s i P m -
^ KVAxlO^
3000x103
~ V3X3300
= 525A
I>IHC*HI>I QiJlJl<»T3j|*l 5 t
2IaXs = E x 2 5 %
=> 2 x 5 2 5 X s = 1905X.25
47625
= 2 X s = r 5 2 5 - = 0-907Q
« = CV|<>lR<ilH x |
= 1 > | = 3° = 3 X J | Q = 0 . 0 5 2 3 C ? t e ?
_ aE 0.0523x1905
- 2Xi - 0.907
= 109.84A
3aE2
3x0.0523x19052
0.907
= 628400W
= 628.4KW
60Psy
60x628.4x103
- 2nxl000
= 60007.77 N-m
w m ? 'b.v.s ^ m^ 3-(|) *i«i}i<wi5fl •mmrc»r o . s e ? ^ m R t • r r w t ? I I K V
C*R*Btet 1 5 0 0 K W <MCS *[n^n\^^{C^ I ari%1^ C>lpl»t CsitWPflf«»(h t^QUl^ I
C T f ^ P l H ( . > » H H ra«Jl<>'Bjl»l <il^t C?rf^5jm HSttapPT 5 0 Q I <il^t 4 Q C W R H ^ <il^^1%>fsT

TO ^llCSfbM ^tM*i5 5 0 A ^mf'fl W ^ I CTPt^ •^stW^B <il^ i f .Csjptcs^^r
W f K 8 C0S<1) = 0 ^ 6 7 (sulf^l)
.-. ()) = C o s - l (0.867) = 2 5 . 8 8 8 °
.-. Sin()) = S i n 2 9 . 8 8 8 ° = 0 . 4 9 8 5
Contents
KWAxl03
1=
VaxKVxlO^xPf
1500x103
V3xl 1x103x0.867
= 90.8A
'^\C?i^ = ICoscj)
= 9 0 . 8 xO.867 = 7 8 . 7 3 A
Qi|il<>n5ô Wi:?li^ = I Sin(j) = 9 0 . 8 x O . 4 9 8 5
= 45.26A.
^ ^l-nJKw'CiJ (ms ^ TO sff^l^ WC^^ = = 45.4A.
c^ns^ WRM?I ^ >i<i<i<i<i, iQ<jvoH ^ ^ "^î <3Tnf¥?, ^ wt^#« WC?K^
78 73
fifl%1^ C^rf^^ W t ^ i ^ WC?r^ = - " Y — = 3 9 . 3 6 A .
II = 50A
' Q T n t ¥ l ^ ^ = 39.36A
.-. 1 w r ^ f ^ ^n:?!^ = V 5o2-(39.36)2
= 30.83A.
Q?IJ<J>n5ô ^ t ^ ^ = 4 5 . 2 A
= 4 5 . 2 - 3 0 . 8 3 = 14.365A
^TI CSjfitfEJl? W t ^ l ^ = 39.36A.
= V 1 4 . 3 6 5 2 +39.362
= 41.899A.
csif5^'nîn?! wi%?
39.36
= - 5 0 - = 0-787
.-.(pi = C o s - 1 ( 0 . 7 8 7 )
= 38.09=
.-. Sin(j)i = S i n 3 8 . 0 9 °
=0.62.
11000
i>"sj C 5 r f ^ CÎC^St V F L =— = 6350.85
V3
VNL = V f y F L C o s c ^ +IiRa)2 + ( V F L sinc^ +IaXs)2
= V (6350.85x0.787 +50x4)2+(6350.85x0.62+50x50)2
= 8274.18V
Contents
c«l(i*Set = V s V N L
= ^3x8274.18
=14330.58V.
= 14.33KV.
vs 1 i J t i M w " s m r a w âi^wwUm^ t^FR^FRiti^^ ^ ? t i t i h ^ r r : ? ! ?r«i ^^fs^ TO c^nro
81 sm 1 w ^ ^ N w U i J C ^ i c - ^ o T^M? : 5 m t i ((^<!»v»iw ^ -^51^
^ tfNn TO •^n^Trf ctii^r s n t s r ^ ^ i H i ^tfron f>RC3FHm nf^wcn ^fts TO
• ^ f ^ ! ? , TO 5 m t ^ "51 i fititf-^5«ti ^srtii - ^ 5 ^ ^ T T t ^ t f ^ 1 ^ csFfKi^^s
«Jiw I f f e « ^ w w ^ t ^ « , ^ H i i m ^ t f i H i f ^ - ^ t w i ^ 1 i s ^ ^ H i ^ m^f^
1 l ^ % T l ^ TFOJTIT^ ^ I^ :^1;C1^ i^CTJ T F C ^ fTiPT < # 1 ^ ^ W "51 I
vs I "nfw ^ s i ^ i ^ n n N ^ «iji-fj)*i]c«i " p f ^ r * ^ , i m r c i Î'^âj ^^j^rr^ I ^ F r c s m i t f ^ i ^^SIC«
. TO I^ w|'^|T5WL5<! t r U H R ^ " p m i l C l ^5ftC^ ( T T O F f l ^ l«t11'«t ' l ^ l ^ ^ 1 ^ " 5 1 1
t^RcsFHitfei f ^ r f ^ "rat^ fif^^ 1 1 ^ •<!^bsiim fJucîCia-icti H i t ^
81 lii'^R "sm. H f H j ( ? T m (;ô%) s|tfpT TO ic-cô 1 f f ^ ^5i%ti(?#3c^ < " f % m ^

^ I ifw a t ^ ^5(7[f^H (?TH H HI-^515??^
Contents
^FTÎN^FL^ l^^t^Pm:'OB,'O^,'OB-j
(^) TOl^ W o ! ^ ^ I
(n) c s r a m ^ ^ i j t ^ I
(^) ^5fw^ •^f^^ ^ _
>si PIÛ-HI^RTIT^ l^r^fttm: 'an, '00,0^]
w^f% ^ ?ri ÔÔTF^ 'ii'^Mwi3< * i j N M i w t ^ d ^
(«t) £ 1 ^ 5 7 ^ ^n;!«JCHL5W5) &^C'ilf*t ^^rsTR -JSJ^ TO I TO CIM M I l>IHCi*lHt>l TfsiH ^ TOT'S
(N) M cm ^'î^wB?) T r f ^ ciHiRI^ ^-i^tfl <ii>i<)iwl$C^*l "sp^^tC^ ^^^^ TO I
s ^sn^rt^rog^wt^ ^ s k ^ % f f » t TO 1
? TTlw M I L2 ^ 'L3 S^VOL >|<^<MC<) '^TO I

<HI Trf^ ^ - ( ^ I f i l l CTptWRI ' t f ^ i : ^ * ! vo|^c»l "^lf% R)^ri5 R>^LW '§t*IW?
L2, L3, 'srf^ ^#11^ f^fft® (ccw) ^ 5 ! ^ 5 t t T O I
VI ^H<MRI CvlPlW^ ^^^-^ ^ TOT ^ f<>ÎC< ^tTO?
J I I^RCIFHt^lWÎ^
J!
I
6
Contents
TO •sJBi 3®rg ^^Mw^M CI ^ ^«,»t^ ^ tromittwi ^ ^ iIroFtHtî ^

^ ^ . t i ^ TOT ^ ^ N C H I J ^ W ^f?im PiHc^HiÎif^ ^5i<r^ f r o i
S P1HCaJ»!'HtW f t ^ m P s y = <=
a E 2 Sine
~ 2Xs
^RCSFlHî^ ^ *l*fi|<lCHUw^ i f l ^ f ^ 'il^l^Cl3«Pf ^JK^fU^ f^t^Qimi ( K W )

âra cm fllHoST vitB H I ^ I<^Jl«1>IB« Tf^sim ( K V A R m f ^ H * ^ ^ i
i8 I Pi'i(.>»HI^'9Hi» i^^n; ^%MW'5C^< C l t ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ T O T l ^
t B ^ 8 ^l>l<ICiJ^ ifil^ *l*iJWC»lB^ I'St^ C^rns 1 ^ TO ^ W{f C f f ^ >(r>l<llM<l
^ r t ^ (>iHt4»Hl^'S!« «)>«)c«i^ ^ cîm ftra H I f l # s ^5i^l?R?# cîm TOT *iWltcB*t^
H TO ^ antf-V«l<.n< ^ <IÎ^C^ TO 2}«RXt^ ^ K w l S w ^ sfltf-^l^TCl? *tf^
^vil^CVs I TOT f f « [ l ^M}|<Wl3< C5T|^ îtc^ «<F mi £!«if ^Sf^tlT^fBr^ C^Tl^
«ttTO I 'i^stm antf-H«i''^< H f ^ - ^ f r o frraMi^T ^•^NC-HUÎ w r i •sfc*u c^rt^ i ^ ^
itii
ie I f5|Htiia«lC*!«t 1 ^
8 CT'^HJ^WC^< >iKlC»l/ *l'^)i)C'il5c^fl ' T f ^ f^lHC^Hl^fe?, cBt ^ •qTU ^volc^ 1waFtC?Ftt H?T I
i'bl ^ ^Î^CH'SCÔ OTC^ >£|^ ^ ^qsit^ TOT ^
^ 8 ifmitoB^ ^ i r a < l ^ v s c i r t Cl »6|^MCH'C< ^ ^f?Cs TO-^ fifltf-HÎWi)
TO ifl^l *IHJ|15^ antf-\l.^lC<iJ t % H%?1 TO i W T st«lfl^ C^Tm ^«tt *tj||v|t3t< Tti
«ftCT5 *|j|lv|l3l< Tri H ^ «ftTO I lilÛ^ i'^l C f f ^ W i t f B l ? ' f l i vS^WI ^«tJ TO I
•Ijlohltn *lR&lPi\9 •gf& ^(•BiwUC'i!^ f^^lc^ CTt^ W f l u ^5T5j ^^«fH ^

^ 8 "b.lr^l'^lCB^TCH I
8 "b.io gSÎ . ^
Contents
^1 Pi'i<:>»iwn^ JiKiwj ^^MwiBc^^ f>i'<c»»HRlî i [wmftim'o<i]
^ 3aE2sin8^3aE2
2 ^ ' ^ - 2 ^
Contents
IIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIilllllllllllllllllllll IlllllllllilllllllllllllllUllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllillllllllllllllllllll
IIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIMilllllllllllllllliriMMIIIIIIIII
: f5|HC*H|31 ^ ( S y n c h r o n o u s Motor)
^ ^m^f ^'{(.M'W^ ^ r t t r o t w s r B r a i % f c # i (f) m i c * f m i « m (P), m ^ r l ^
'ij'ftCT Ns ^ fi|R>fMRd5 ^tM f m i p^ c ^ s t c t o ? & $ « f * i m i c^fmi^m i
f5f'{Ciil»Hl>l "SJ^ m i «l«l>WW"5«'Sl ^*1T I ^^!5iW'5W<) W !>i'IC(^RPf

. CWffe ?T t^. 1% w m Ctf^TH ^ i '4|«l5NWl3W< f^^CT ^SffC^tSH c?t(:?t A . c
CÎC^St ^5,1^ ^ I f^v? t T O F m ^ T j l f f e l ( 7 ? ^ 3-(|) 1% w m 1 ^ ( T i t o
•spvg ^ ^ f r o a r a ^ ^ C^tB? t^, f% f ¥ C ^ ^ T I ^ fSRTt TO TOT C 5 1 ^ ^ ^ mi
^ (>IHC*H(>i "STî:^ tiJ^l^ctJ*!^ TO tm^. ^^l^Cl3»nR Ûtf^l,

, i } ^ l t ! i B * t w i ^ l m i ^ l ^ ^Î^C^*fW t ^ l ^ 'fT^S'?!!? w i f e -Ît^m^ ^ TTITI I ifl'isrt^ CT
f^-HCi^HH "Slfe^ (?Tm • ^ ^ t ^ nfro^'t? ^Ttm 'tf^Wi ^ ^ Tlt?I TO ^ ' R t ^ f f ^
Wifro^ mi ^ ^TTtfro^ ^ ^ m i ^ TO «itw i TO f^RisFRt^ • s f B ^ w t >ijiPira^ c f H

TO «lt^ I PlHC^HM ^ i f e ^ ? # I ^ ^ T OT^TTf ^ I
i. P l ^ w h H >l<^Tl PlHta).HI»1 t f T O W TOT CTGW^R^ I
^. 'fl'St^f ifl-Sl^cB-IW *ll(^l>l|5iv* TO ^ *f^QllT?r Wl%?r ^»j«W<l w m 'AiAtu^ ^ I
o . fS|.{cUi»HM ^ (?P?TTF W l ^ I ^ ÎTr^ Pt'<C>»hl>i «tf^W»t ^ W^fWfl
CTH i r s w t * ! ' i R w TO I
8. 50HPC«fi:^ 5 0 0 H P i f B ? TJtW^T «tlTO^ 5 0 0 r - P . m - * i l ^ f t e ^4>!W'fl W 5 t ^ i
(Principle o f o p e r a t i o n o f S s m c h r o n o u s Motor)
*i^ct^tt îiwibHi w ^ CT, PiHt'iiî'fm ^ ^ w m fifonn w ^ -
^ . t ^ U w 3-<|), '^1% ' R W r n «tC?rt«t W ^ 1
(>WC<4'HI>1 « ^ ^ l < W l 3 < l ^ ^ W ^ if)^ TOT^ 1 % ^ (TOl f T < W I^ nr«fw 1 ^ fifTS

TOTt8 .
•^1
Contents
1>iHC*H1>i "srB? i R b M H l ? ^ ^ ^ ^
o 1 ^ ti||t3i <il <{h< >ii(:vl >\m ( i J i R i wic^)
3 (ji Supply
(^) ( f ) ( t )
^ cti^ m # i T O F R m ^!T&c?ra c?fto w m OT'<3^ îi^ ôft ^

c^fBra cfM N ^ s •'^.^î frcz!OT'^niRt^ I ^ (Tsfe 3-(i> li), i% w m c^'sm
ttl^r^T^T 5 ^ crom I * m TTi^ li), t% m fc'stfS^ ^ < ^rttcrof c%i5? ^'fm A B
(^) îfrosra Ns ^ s s c'fler ^ ^ I 3-(l>, li), w m ctfQTrt ^ (TR:?:^ N S m i
S s ctt^ f>!'ici^Hi>i « t f % w 5 ^ «itc^ I ms m # ci^ mi cm A B ^xifipr
< ( m ? [ ^ 5 r < r ^ ^ ^ ^ I u'st w N cm N S c^rfc^ra m i c?rfB?i s cfM s s cti^ra
W C 5 ^ 5 R ^ T O i W f N '« Ns Ctl^ m i S '« S s C'TfCera W f?^=f ^^T WW TO I ^ [ ^ l Ctl^f
( 7 ? ^ cm ^jCS t i l ^ ^#f5T? ^ f l ^ B ^vfj^ ^ I m f '^.•^ (^) ^° (?r«tlOTf ^ I 5 0 H Z
& ^ « P i c ^ 'Tpsô ^ < >til,c<»«i ^^sm *rg ^«ff«^ 1 0 m s OT^t^ ^ < ^^ntcror N S cm
m i S s C T R : ^ W ^<iiîw< f H w ^ TO ^ m t '^.•^(f) îfrojcf^mRt ^ i TOT c?0c^ N cti^
c%tc^ S s cti^ ^ m i s cm N S cm ^ ^ i ^fs?[ti c<rf5? c»rm ^ ^îtm
m mi^g^RC^ 'sn:*iT t ^ j A B c?fn?ra ^ AB ^ram ^ t ^ H TO I MIUMÎ
(T^B^ ifit w f ^ = f m i t ^ < i 2fm m ^ w ? i ( l O m s ' w r a ) w «nc^ i f?p^ w ^
^f^^ TO ^5rt^=f,-^ f ^ = f sfw^ ^ ^mit s t ^ t f ^ ^ ^ I
^ 5 R ^ "^Tc^ «ltc^ I ^ t i : ^ msTTHt c«iw (?r»n ^ CT, t w s F H W ' S T B ^ m i (TSfe w m
c § ^ cfiTO ôtOT? t f ^ ^ ^ c<n^ c t m m c t M ^^te c t i w w:^

^ CtfOTt ^rm ^ 5 t ^ c ? ^ '<3 Cs0^ C t l W •src*)] C^Nft? ^?m^ (Magnetic Coupling) TO ^
TOT citi^ra ^«it cm^Q if%c^ «tTc^ m t '^.•^ ( t ) ^ i f r o i (?T«tii?^ ^ i
Contents
«l.v5 81%5TC«5Wr "srBcSRT C»TtT5 ^jflil (Effect o f i n c r e a s e in load o f S y n c h r o n o u s m o t o r ) :

^ O . i 8 PlHC*HI>l "srBlSRr ^Pi^^K % «i|f, «i|l' * .
^RCSFRt^ f B l 1 ^ t^RCZFKPT « t 1 ^ «flC^ ClfBl voSTt IFt^

TOTOT(TStc? vf), t^f c^|c*BS( ^?,«t^ ^ ôTC^ I ClfBl ^ H vil^Rci5«tt^
»f1ii^^5ic5r(:Hîin^<#Ho^^ i ^ g w t ^ ^ ^ t / ' f l f , ^ « ff?H^^ I cTOfi^t^%ti
E c m\ fif^ ^ I C^8!l l^^lrt^lW ^tJlPfHlWtl a|1% CTOfl T^Wt^
C^STC^ "^C^ 180° f l t f t e s «IW ^ f 5 ^ I f l ^ (il^Rc'G'P? *tR<vsrj ^ E c V C#f, ^ liH^
^TSfH I V liR?. E c «Tf|i C o R ^ ^ ^llwlt] <FR:i% l a a|«JlR^ I
îCifbll 'Ît^^ l a = -•V

Zs
atfTOTOBt ljP»R?5^ Z s = Ra+jXs
(Jm^Xs»Ra. Zs = j X s
ER ER
.•.Ia = Z-90°
XsZ90° - X s
V-Ec
vi)^, ER = -
Xs
V-Ec
••• 1^ = X s
t t ^ m P = ERlaCos90° = 0 -
d q j r m ^ »flTTm (Toque Angle Or Load Angle)
^ C?1^ CfH ig^ftwir? (niagnetically coupling) TO H i TOf ClfBl 9?U^ HC«f

|>IHCtfl'HI*l tf^CH:^ ^giCo «ltC^ I "S^pm l>IHCt»HI>t ClfBl CfH v£l%f C S ^ Cfl^r lilfWRJ ' r f ? ^
iiR^ ^Tltw ^ s n ^ ^ c<ii^ H : ^
^«ifK ^ cm lilfWH fC*U f?s^ C<flfH* ^ i n inI
Ns
"f»^Hc.»HM cifB?r c r m - ^ i f ^ cm
1 5 ¥ « i i j t m I t c ^ i s «iijTi»m H ^ • f f ^ i «iiTti»m TOT I
C*fW OE ^ Tfl liH?, (W5>5Pf C'fCT oc »f11 I CH-(?TT®

^ s n ^ a = 5 ° liRI CTO 15?f lin^ ^ CsrtC^ ^ H^ 6 0 ° ^fll
c # f ^«eiT ^fF® ^ IC5TP5 tiijtim OC mwn i ^ * B t i —*iaH—
Ec, V ^ 1 8 0 ° • R ' t f t e «ftC^ H H I (*180°-OC) Cêf LIGHT LOAD HEAVY LOAD
(A SMALL) (A LARGE)
fsai s.vs.
Contents
V
E(;COsa V-Eccosa
Eccosa
f ^ - 't.O ( t )
•il'SR ER E c mi V m (?rttWT I ( t ) ^lf53I C«|C^
E R = (V-EcCos°c) +j E c S i n a
= V(V-EcCosa)2 +(EcSina)2 ['t.vs.i]
= Vv2+Ec2+2V.EcCos(180°-a)
= Vv2+Ec2-2V.EcCosxa [lo.^
-E ERJ=V+(-EC) -E,
<P2><Pi
Maa
fm : ' t . o (®) ,
•FS lag a3<A,

7.3(G) <P3<(PI
."1
(^)
Contents
io8 ^ . 1 % CSif^-;^
ms Ec mi w i c ^ w m c^n°iJsf V m ( ? i T l w r a ^ tâicnJ^st ERI "5311 ^ • ^ i w o w w r a ^
^ Cv»lC'n5^C«1> 90°C^ TO ^^Ri^-Iai, V (pi C^^f TO I

mt'^.^ Wjfl TO^ I
i£)tpf i£i4iRa5*R ^ f M ^ c^st (?n^ ^ ^^5^ ^ m i ' H^ cfc?! a i c s t ^ 0 2 ^ 1^ 'îfit^
^ f t ^ T m i E C '£1^ ^ S f T ' J f f ^ ^ f t l * f TO iftc^ 1 f % ^ ^ftl*f ^ ^ I W T ^ c^H'^C'Sf?
^ f H f t ^ ^ftl*f ^ flC^ I '^.^.i^l ^îfwi ERI ^ CRU E R 2 ^ ~ TO I
"ER2^
TOT lai C « t W ^ Ctr?! Ia2 =
Xs
»ft<3¥t?i st^=f TO c^riw? ^JTsrerj TO I ^<ts, c5f|TE ^ c*n:sT tiron
TO ^ Trm w ^ u ^ m i ' H ^RiRvs-- f t ' e m st^'^ TO ^-ar?! t > R r a F m
^pi^ «rrw I ^ s n m '^.o ( « ) ^ i f M t ^ r r f ! (ms ^ c t ^ E R 2m i v m (W=f TO ^mi

f^*rm v c ^ (p2 c ^ = f TO I ^<te, (H!^ ^ cn^T " s i t ^ ft<3Trm w t t i ? TO T r m , m i ûtfî " 5 ^ 1
(TÛS^ m i f |V3M3|ST^ ^Sft^fffSRS ^-^'^

^ ^«ni*f TO'^ Wf ^ C ^ t C ^ NS TO E R I CSt^ E R 3 ^ I ^[^l^lWlON ^3
TO lai Ia3 ^ I "^^^ ^ C^°T "51^ w m ' C « l ^ ^ ft^STTm-fif^=f TO (Mm > [ W
TO 1 f & 2 i ' ^ . v D (5) ^ i f r o j (?r«ltl^ ^ I
«t.8 : P ) i w i » m h ><'5fa<i C S S ^ *BliiW.I»< (Vector Diagram o f S y n c l n o n o u s m o t o r )
^ ^ t ^ " ^ '^stW <M\3M5|>St V m (?lTtWTt ^ E R . ^snm WRSf^K W C ? ^ Ia ^ C«R?&W E R 9 0 ° (Wi:=f
TO I '\.8 ^ i f r o a f>iHc>4'Hi>i "srSi:^ m ^ c « t ? wmwm (?T^'"n " ^ i
'^.^ C^f), '^.^ (®) m i (^) ^ i "JisrnjFw l^^^raFrsrm " s d r ^ ^srwilt c # f m i ^ c^tito t ¥
m i t ^ (a) w ^ % m t , m , m E c m i c % ^ - ^ ? r ! t o » l c ^ c « S f 3 w t i w i ^^îc^ i '^.o m
îwiHi c«R^ ^ i^TOimm "sitc^ (ms ^ cii^t ^^TSi:^ w r a % la ^ t r i ' m i
Contents
(>IHM'H1>1 "siBl iQbH'il^J io(^
l^r^fttC^: '!>% 'hbr, 'o<t, 'o^, 'o\r, 'ioj
'SR^ 60° ^ CTO '3^'OIT ' ^ f ^ ^ ^ 1
8 c5Ti^ i R < ^ ' w - 5 1 H I ^<r«,''[^ ifî:^ (Ns) HT^ i
8 I PiHU'HM fBi?Rr ^'liS^M t . *«lf. «aw t ^ C ^ TO I Hlfhc*!!; 'o^, 'o^J

^B^8 f r o Z F m •sfBlill «M'S^3|5l t . 1 ^ >imltcB*R?ra ^•1? TO I
^ 8 tazFHm f B c i a ^411^03 «H f l i ciir»r (?n^ ^ ^s^n^T ^ ^ t m f^«mi ^

i£R^-?p5Rf%^.îc^bi< -^n:!^ »rm -siBi *)R)Q'S» -H'sirRj at^t TO 'nf^^^ oms^
^ T W H « H TO Pl'^t'^'HM «tt%U5 ^[?C5 811^51 4 \ 5 R ^ ^vQH? 1TI%1 f^sijBt • t f t ? ! ^ W ^ f e ^
i^sTCSFHm >fBm ( T S ^ 3-cp 1^.1^ '^l C ? ! ! ^ I^.I^T 1 ^ C^ C f H atf^ ^ ^ ^ » r ^ I ^

1 ? t l (50Hz 1 0 m s ' r a i l ) »ffl[l^ ^ 11T3^ ClfBg CflTOs »|<|<|^C^^5H<^<«t 1^«t
<?ltc^ I ifTs ^ 7 [ T O 1 •sn:*o CiffBi ^ f|1%?i W o t 'Sifâpf TO ' 5 ( t ^ « f H 1^w<«f om a W i
^ H i l t stHft:® ^ H I 'gius f t r a H I
Rntv^HH f B w i ^ « ? ^ t ^ H f 1%^ I [^mRm.-octj
^ 8 (^) c ^ , (^) (n) l i R ^ i ^ ( 1 ) f s t li?.^ H»r I
^ 8 i I cifBupra
« I R o t o r (ill f f r o n
8 I Rotor *(ti*f
SI RHC^^HH-trBiaraPi'iui'HH^1^1^Rîcia^^*ra.P)^TO? [^t^sR^.-'at,'^b-,'o^j
^ 8 (>i'^(.**Hi>iwi3w^ Pi'iCvsj'HH'^ cm ^ Q*.$«Rl< ^ ' r a I Ns =

io I (5iHCi£i.Hi*i iiUw^ c?roz?m w ^ ? l^rt^f^:'o\s,'o^]
•3) t B ^ 8 I^Rcami^ •srBai l ^ t ^«tj, ^^[^?, 1>Rcamt^ t^c^rct tot i w mi
j ' i i i PiH(.>»HH^r5T3ra<?m^ 1 % w t ? t > i ^ ^ ^ l ^ ^ ? l^P^f^:'iiH]

' ^ ^ 8 c s k i 3-(p iii.15r i£i<f?. c u k i t^.1^ >i<<<k OTît ^ 1 .
J, iiî P i H t . ^ i ' ^ H > r B w « r a m c t t ^ r ^ S A m ^ ^ ?
" ^ ^ 8 I>iHC(*Ht>l ^srBcl >IJtPl«^ Clt^ C?[fBl <|j«l{l isit ^ I
Contents
ivsi Pi'iM'HI*! ^rggRT ^ c^tolcêt m i <>lc^c^^ ^MFFt? cm w ?
tS^S i r o m m ^ ^ » l w n ; 4 ^ # 1 ( m a g n e t i c inter locking) ^1^^ WW TO i
tB^g |5iHCi*Hi>i ' i f e ^ c f f s ^ c f m cTOf w * f i ? 'Q^ntfei^^mi?TO %t1î^•frmi
^^g at 1^.1%. •»n% cetHiwiJti ^ |5iHc>ij»Ht>i "5]fe? c^fBi? f^.t% sm^ ^ ^ ^src^ 1%îu2Fm
i£|4|RB|<TOTI t T O F m ^r&C^ ^£l-^lttB*R CôlC^St 1 1 5 ^ , 1 2 5 ^ , 2 3 0 ^ , 2 5 0 ^ , 4 5 0 ^ ,
600V-i?!:?! «tTC^ I
• S ^ g 1^«f § 1 w ^ gtc»m ^ w : ^ I
^ ^ g i^RTOFm "si^ f>iHC*fl»H!>i « t f ^ «it!:^ ^ c<TfB?r TOT
^ g W ^fijti'H TO 5T% t«i(.n}w TO mmn wii^â TO ^mi i ^ g w i ^ wt
2t«t^ R»HT I
ôl Pl'<M.HI>l ^'^LAtT^ (?ffitTO^^ ^?
^ : <mSH5n ^. lipT. m^ >n)«l<^ c^lc^tsK < T O c # f ^ flc? ^ i
il PlMC^HH ^ 'Q ^Î^HbW^ ^ t M w 1 ^ I f^mPf^: 'o% 'ob-J

§^g s.^gtî
^1 t^RcaFm-st^CTBT^Wi^-w^^r^ I
^ g «i,8î^5rs[C55ptcffti
ii PiHC>*HI>l "sfg?r"5T^ 4><M>ii|»l A . C . D.C. 2ppR[ >i^<.fl;c^-ii atirnwT^TlW i
^ ^ g Ô.^Rl^SJ^tCB^Vf ClfSf I
Contents
MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiintiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiininiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiniMiniiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
(List o f v a r i o u s t o r q u e s o f s y n c h r o n o u s m o t o r )
i . % # l ^ ( S t a r t i n g torque)
^. ?rrt5fi1?^ ( R u n n i n g torque)
^. (Pull in-torque)
8;-^ST ^511^ ^ (Pull o u t torque)
b-.;^ : 1 5 R C 2 F m ^ t e ? r 1 ^ f ^ SW^ T5I?RT (Description of different torques of
Synchronous motor)
^ l t ¥ ( s t a r t i n g torque) ^ s f f ^ i ^ I T O F R P T ^ CW t 0 l W ^^ ^ CfH
CTOf t ^ t ^ * ^ ' S l k ^ f ^ W l W ' S t WllJMtl "STa ^5Jl«fl? vSTllt^l W •î?! I Ct&C5 3-(t). W ? t ^
fromt^ ^ t^WJT îto ^ ^ i Qi»i)«iw T t ^ TO ^ ^ c w ^ i TO ^ \"c^
^ I T F ^ ^ (Running t o r q u e )
'^'Sm ^ f f ^ ^ ^ I "CT CW^ C^lTCvS ^ ^5i<r^ telFm ^ TO

ôt^ f>IHCI*Ht>l "STfe? ^ l t ¥ ^ l" ^ffe? cgffe tt^Ht? W I^ "srÔT
2JTNS
TTBra? tt^TIt? ^ ' 3 I W ^ (H.P) ^ ^mc^T ^ l ^
PQX33000
" 27rNs
*(Bf_% Pull-in-torque)
fjpiroiFHPT ^ •H'^ f t C ? I « T C ^ C<lf5^ ^ T n t ^ l - m >I|*,IC*1J ^ l f3F?r5fC? C?lfB? ^spCo «?P TO

^ ciiffe^ t f r o n , ( 7 ? ^ t l r o c i ? 2 % c«tCT5 5% ^<ft«, I r o m m t f r o c i ? 2% CÎCTS 5%
?is^ « t m ^ f w ^ iii«it^ci3«R fifGitn ^ T O T c?ff5? ' r f ^ I^HCJFHm t f r o n ^riCTs 1
"t^RCapW^ VUMÎ C?jfBT3I lf%^«r ' N ' Ml'5^C«(> t^TOIFHI^ » t f ^ ^ ^ 'f?!^ f^w^
0*051 m i (7?B? c'rtii^ra îT^rtn TO ^

Contents
*pr fy4 (PuH o u t t o r q u e ) :

f^Rcapm ^ ^ t w F m tfron w m B<P ^sn:^-
*ifftl«TPF (a) ^ tRl I 'ilt 'HJtl'H ^ PtHC*HI*l t P t ^ C^«f e = t a n - 1 ^-^ 7 ^ ^
^ c?iffe ^ n : ^ B¥ ^ 1 t r o m m 'ito ^^ft^ B ^ i PIHC^^HH ^rfe^ tp-'îi^g-

^ c5Tt« ^ w n ^-^siTOi ^ ^ TO m "sft c«tcsr ^jm i
^5Kft«^ a = e TOT f>iHCi*HI>l TiTfe B¥ê,t^ ^ 1
V.vs I WT3I*i» "il^l •treimi *PJl<iiJ«< ^"Rr t f l ^ l ^ t U - ^ srsm ( e f f e c t o f e x c i t a t i o n o n
a x m a t u r e c u r r e n t a n d Power factor)
ERI=V+(-ECI)
tm i t ^ msf^ c?rtro f>iHc**Hi>i "sfSi:^ csrt® i ^ i m (a) i <^ 1 W 'ijîtcS'^

«IICSfl>l«<l Î^S^K m , ms Eel ^ , ^ <>\^^\< % m , m s m i >\«H\K Qb\(J^(.m (V)
«lt|i C4)|C*B«t E R I = V + ( - E C 1 ) m "STR m i WStWlef ISPR ERI, V 9 0 ° m CTO ?5Vf csptCt
TO I "Sfm ERI ÎtJfblH-W^^ l a i , 9 0 ° (M."^ Ûtt Wim l a i , V (t)i C^«f TO i
^5t<k lîHCta-Hi*) ^s^m ^'Qm w i ^ ^mfî ^ i gmPti ^ ' s m w t o l>iH(:^fli'Hi>i îfe^ tiiî^c^'iHc*;^
"sm^ mn^cB^R i ^mm miiti^B*n?T PIHC^JHH ^JTB]^ ^stimmr ir.>o(?s) ^ i fkat
Contents
ottror ms|^ 1 ^ ^ Til ^ ^, m , lilTF ^ CfGl E c i C«fW EC2 ^ I Ee2 m i V

m'lHAiPH ^ ^ C«IC*t>W, E R 2 = V +(-Ec2) m ^ mi (W«t m ^ "5^CT,E R 2 , E R I C«fW
^srf^ f^tfô fros W V C ^ 9 O ° 0 « i ^ T O I ^Î(:ifrt5ti1'^*&la2, E R 2 9 0 ° Ca
TOia2, V m ^ n f ^ ^^mm « n w i ^ [ ^ i i ™ m m •sfB^ t t ^ m tj^ W r f ^ ^
C«5? fsaj \r.O ('«t) li) (?T'«ttI?ft ^ I (COS02 = Coso° = 1) (^CS t^RTaFHW "STBOT
^ • ^ i t c B ^ ft^Tit? w i t ^ ^SPif^ ^sn:^ ^^mm ^^H^CU-PT ^ i ^rnRi <it<3Tn? c<?fi::^
IîHc^Hi*!-sikti^ l i m i t i ^ ^ ^îic^ «ftTOT c^.^.i) ^ i m i c^.^.^) ^ i T i f t ^ * ^ ^si^prf f r o p m
•sife^ ^ C5tc^ ER m ^ «rn:?s m i t ^ f ^ t t ^ T O w t t a ^ ^ i TOT
ER
Ia = ^ ! T ^ I ^ ^«rm ^ ^mi ft<3Trm wit^ ^^F^ TOT
^sjid^m w r a ^ «ttw m i t ^ l ^ f t ^ n ? w i f e • ' T ^ ^ I c^rns ^ t f t ^ r f ^ cm W H

lirantcB'PTc«tc^.f>iH't*Hi>ilimitcB^t^^ '^rtror, * R i t t , m, m ^ ^
Ctni E C 2 E C 3 '5?T 1 ^ E c a <3 V m "STR ^ ^ C®R%W E R S = V + ( - E c a ) , E R 2
^ t^tf^s tTO5 TO, TOT E R 3 . V C ^ 9 0 ° m ^ C # t C ^ * ^ 1 ^ TO m i l a a ,
ER3 9 0 ° ca ^ « t T O l ^ « m i l a a . VC^ (^3 C ^ ' f ^ TO I ^«ft«^"Slto ft^¥I? t^f^l^ I
mm t ^ ^ l ^ c ' G ' ^ (TO til^ll^cB-R?? f>IH(:«0»HI>! ^ i ^ l ft^¥I? w i f e K^T I I£llSltcB*tW
l>IHC<4"HI>l ^ - ^ l f1<3¥I? W i f e K^T âlc^ (Over Excitation) ^^H^cB-R ^ I b-.o ( t ) ^ l
f&ca N 3 ^ - ^ ^ l t c B ^ PiHt^HW iSTM fsaj csNlM ^ i ^ ^ f ^ fl^TO wit?i ^ ^^îtcB^
cfc^ «nc^ ^ ( ? 5 i Ê R^ cir:^ w?r ^cifbN ^^ fii i^ ^«tT?i
p . f . , 5 K ^ w ^ *iic<bi< wi:?r^ ^ *fr?[ i ^Î'^nw ^ ' t j CT, ^î^t^ciJ-t^ t f ^ ^ TOT i B i : ^ ^^snai
I w M ^ ^^511:^ (ISin(t)) I WRsfS^ W ^ ! ^ ^ (Icosc])) m C?sH f ^ ^ ^ ^ I
c^ c«fw m s t ti<3iiH •sj^«t TO f^TOsmm « i f ^ "t^s i
br.8 : W1%Tt*& •ThQ^rRr t l ^ (Constant Power line) t
(W^ 1 ^ (?Tiu5 fîHCi^hr^ "srfe^ *ii^Rc5*Pi t f ^ ^ •^TOT'O f > F n s m w ^rfe^ wtc#t^ wc<n:^
l^?nM^ ^ t l i r ^ (Isin(t)) t U f ^ ^ îCHbH WC^R^ ^5Ut^#5 ^f1i*f (ICos(t)) ^#11 WPfBjl^
^ «nw I wi^T 'ife^f fi'OTrm (viaCos(t)) w r B i f ^ ^ sfic^ i " C W H f ^ f ^ csnr^
W T c?r«tii??'5T^['nr«tTO'n^ (3RFti^ iTwRT^nt^TOi i "

Contents
b-.8^°slTOJj 1>RC2mm im^ ^tmu^m (V) mi «M^M>I< ^ , ISW, ^ (EC) i^NAFW

OA A B ClH ^ ^tllC^ I O B = E R ^ ^5|W1 ^ I I s R l ^ OI =
la ?Rft ^ V (tx:^'! w I
*llWbl< l a = | | H 5 | E R C«R:^ e = t a n - 1 C^«f TO I ER t^»mi C B
C o l l IFRSR^tCl ^*ft^SR15 CTOt -51 (?H ^ la ^1 ' R l ^ I O B lira > i f ^ (p OY ^l

O X l O Y ^115^ I
A OBI^>il, B L = OBcos(t) = IaCos(t)
= VIaCos(t)
= VXBL
(?n^f|?t srtTOT V BL ^ « l t W r B j t ^ *B'm îvm *t«f E F 'Si^ ' U T O H OX

«1t^W?l ^ r f ^ >1V)N<1M sfR^ I lilt E F « T l t ^ - ^ H ^ B j I ^ 'H'Gltl 1C«T I I 5 « R f l l ^ C^n^ IH^H^cU*!^
t f i w f TO vii^tf*!^ w i B T f ^ 'ttîti ® n t ^ m , i m t ' t i ^ > R m N i ^<îtc&*PT %
cic«t i^RRAFHM "syBcn (?n^ ^ -îcpr ' B ' m ^^vm *t«t I ^ i ^ ^ it^ji irrm^ A B =EC i
BBi. % l i i ^ i ^ t ' D ' ^ (Î'^c.ii'HM ^ i t o t l i ^ r ^ J r ^ r (Mm tr^QTmi ® n t ^ i
r.e g V-^ClC^ ( C o n s t r u c t i o n o f V-Curves) g
t ^ f ^ c8TtOT Pi'ic*Ht>i ^qtiiH ^ i n c i ^ (If) t l i H s c ^ ' t f ? ^ H ^Ttt^ ci
ttlHs^ ^ ^ fittfwPT l i n (Graphical form) FWFHM ^ - - ^ (V-Curve) I W I ^
is|c«i ^ 5 f t ^ cff'«t^ TOt^ t ? j i # ^sr^ v - i i r a H H i t ^ v - i s i « i w i WIWI^J* ^ S R ^
15RC3FW^ Tsf&cii t = t ^ ^ n t ^ i s R i c ^ H^ ^ «fR^ i ^ s i ^ ^ c5Tt^ ^ cfw ^nt^ ^
« f m I c H - c ^ n ^ c « i w » f « i w i ^ « f # fif%^ (?nTO f j H i s F H m "STBT:!! l ^ - i n ^ v.e frosi CITHCH
^ 1
.^LOAD
D.C. H E L D C U R R E N T
Contents
oo
Contents
I f l ^ -5? ^ iftf^WM (Graphical) <R»fW p R K F H m ^fSi:^ V - W * ^ I
? f>iHCid»fjfm "sit^ ^35i?r 1=^H<:ii5»Hi>i t f r o n w i n ^^k^ t1?êt B ¥ ^ ^ 5 ^

^©TC^ f>tHc*d'Hi*i •sffe^ ^ 5 [ t ^ I (>iHc*Hi>i ^ i B r w ^ t ^ : ^ tc^'Q c ^ n ^ ^
"srBil TO'HTf I
«r ^-t^'B^t^? . fV^Pu:^: 'air, 'hh, 'o^J
• f e ^ 8 f^RisFPTm " s r B ^ c ^ f f e t1^=t ^ mii3m^ t^TOiFRm t t r o n 1TO5^
^«Rt, t W i F H I ^ ' t e s t C^fBitC^ C^l3c« ^ i l ^ ft^TOSmitW "^Fm ^ MlBW'Sl t1?êt B ¥
8 1 yg?:?;? B^ 1%'*r 1
(^) ^ ? 0 i B ¥ ( S t a r t i n g torque)
('(t) ^ l B ¥ ( R u n n i n g Torque)
( t ) t«T-t^-B^ ( P u l l - i n - t o r q u e )
(^) ^ - ^ s r l ^ B ¥ (Pull-out-torque)
^ 8 f>l'fCiiJ'Mt*l • s t e ? ( T S f e 1<f t v » l ( . ^ W 31<<<|4!,f^ m i c?rffe 1 < iH«:*Mm ' t b ^ B^ ^ 1
^ i B ¥ ^ i
(n) c > i ! l P p S ^ •'TC^ (^) c # f csflwIBi m^ I
^ 8^ C ^ f i j ^ % l 1 ^ l B ^ t ^ lîHCuJ-HIÎ ' t B c ^ ^ i ? n ^ -
(^) ^ t % 1 % ^ C # f l CfiflWi^l T t ^ I
(^) ^ w ^ n5^<t i v i w 1
Contents
6^ ^ ^ m I
(15) "J^t ^ (High s t a r t i n g t o r q u e )

(«t) ^ l S ¥ (Low starting torque)
iî f*l»lCiii>HI»i ^Hi.'nn ffl*)!*! >il'S(R(.'5-t^^Pit'«f%'^[^

8 (MU5 CI iii^Rci3«tw ^RcaFPrm îi^rM f t ^ i m t^f^ ^ ^sK^ fftmM
ivs I ^sji^<ii4iitci;«t^1^?
^ 8 1 ^ cgnro c i ' ^ ^ ^ f e l g ^ f>^•^c^Hl>l H'sim gi7tf^°v^ ^STCTS Ptnc.ii'HM
8 (Mus CI #îtcB*fi?T i^^roiFW^ f t ^ m ^pjtM f^fî'^l ^stc^ I^^TCSFPTI^ 'TBCH

iil^ltcB*H l ( ? l I
i(?l ft^Qltl i m t l am PUC^-HII 'TBlSRf «il^ltc"i;«l^ " ^ ^ S R W *IIC»r(>l< frîti
^ 8 ^mf*ti f t ^ m ^pit^ c«fc^ ^r&cn T : ^ % cic^ -imitcB^H ^ msfeti

IÎT:?!^ ^ ^ t ^ «fn:^ f t ^ m •witi i f w ® «ftc^ i 'î^ TTSRI ( i i w i t c B ^ c»lki^ îitifbra
ivbl t ^ f ^ •fT^Hl C«t^ Pi'iCiij.HI*) -srBc?!! 'il^WttcB^PT ^ 1^ ^ t ? ?

8 t ^ f ^ ft^TTtl "JPIl^ C«n:^ 1 5 H C 3 F H m •sfBCH (MS % ClC'Sl Ail^ltc'i5»t^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ «ttTOT
f t ^ H l ^PJt^ W 5 «ttTO ^ i f ^ f ^ l T O I W ÎCifbH C t ^ «ftTO I
8 f ^ f ^ C«nU5 ii]^lXci5*P? TO I5tHCi4»HI>l ^fBm M(^l, f%fel iflll t ^ f ^ ft'Qltl

i5jitaf%mrwTiti I
iV I C ^ Pi-ioifl-lih "sfBl *i«(Pi«* ÎdJ-B 'Sj^'tTOl?
^ 8 (Mus ft^sit? w t a I t ^ra^m iî^^ttcB^tw I T O F T H ^ ^ ^^rf^ ^^tci^ fin^*f
TO I ^5ft^ (fTîti:^ c ^
1 ^ cic«t Pn(;iij"Hl>i -STBCH CH^ ^ ^îc5^ ^ n ; i ^ ^ »tli i
;ôi ^ j m i «ii4ii^cT3«9 PiHtcfl.Hi>i iiUc^^) *fT«imim%i W ^ ?

• S ^ 8 ^ l ^ l
-î I •i-fl>lM lil^H^cU^ f>HCiii»HI>l VlJc^^) *fT«in ^fill-fl w ^ ?
^ 8 t ^ ( i ) ^ l
I 8 cm C«nU5 lil^l^cU-K f t l l T O l HC«I I^RCaFPTH •STBCI? ^ CÎC^St ( E R ) '^l ^

I
^«|3tl t « I W i t * f l F ^ ^ra^ ClHC^ ^ 5 1 ^ ^ TO-lt^ Cl^FlCl^ ^!{C^ >|V||'8j<H "51 I t ^ K ^
Contents
I >lwT'0 •4>IW'B TOT?
^ s tt«in?T wtfera iQiRt-vs ^ I
i I f»t'it*l'<l>l nlJd^^ 1 % W ^ T O f 1 ^ 1 ^ f^fmf^: 'o^, W , o*j>, ' 0 9 , 05.,

8V - W o W sft^
i I N o Load-*il t^^TCfflm ' t e ? ^ I •

^ I c5Tt® ^ ^ wi:#
8 I t ^ f ^ .ft^Tmr w i f e wc^^
<? I ^mPti m i W ^ i p - f *ii ^<5itm w i : ^ ^ I
^1 (5iHC4>HM "sife^r V - w ^ ^ 5 f t o 5 *ii ibiijiamf ^sr^ ^ I fwmPtm.-'o'ij

'Ol (Ji'iC^t'ilsi i l B w - f l - R t ^ e p p m ' B c ^ - ^ ^ t t ^ I
^ ^ 8 b-.i^l^^C^H I
8 1 w f S j t ^ »tT^Q?Ti?r^?ntPRf'^«(^^ I
8 V . 8 ^ l *I^CM«.H I
CI P ' l H M ' H t l ilBw^l t % - ^ I ^ *('*IC'<(^*ltC*1lt>H|| I
8 V . C ^l^Sj^CB^Ff CtN I
8 V . ' b ^ l ^ s i a p ^ C«t^ «tj|?It I
il lil^^l^tg^PT ^ PlHC^^HIÎ-iTfe? ^ ? R T W i t ? '^R'^^W^ I
^1 |5iHd;4.HI>i iiUMîl^-Wsmifl^Trt^rwi?^ 4 t c » ^ ' ? « ( ^ t T t ^ 1 f^}^tR^:'o^J

^ 8 b-.C m i \r.b ^ I ' S j ^ W f I
^ 8 V.'O^l^sivpB^ff ctfjf I
Contents
iiiiuuuuiiuiHuiiiiiiuuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiniiniinintiiiiiiiiiiniinnnniiiiniiiiniiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiii
(Hunting or phase swinging)

iiiiiiiitiiiiuiuiiittiiiuiiiiiiiuiitiiiiiiiiHiHiiiHiHiinHHiinnnniiiintinitiininiiniiininiiiil
h.))'. H ^^V^JRT ^ J W (Explain h u n t i n g o r p h a s e swinging)
T f r o r n "^^csi ^ « f t « , c i f B i 'We^Hot (?ri^ i t ^ "iUT^t^T ( o c ) ciiT? i m ^jî^ ^
^ TO Clf&Cll ^ 1 ? ^ ' m « « ' g f ( B a c k w a r d ) i f R l ^sfsR^t (forward) 1 ^ 15?mi C?rfBl ^
H C ^ t ^ K ^ i^^'iCZFKm ' T B ^ H 4«11cm«1H H (Swinging) Hi^r i ^ t ^ R l (MS
TO cifBra ' t f r o n " s ^ " ? ! h:*u. ciu? m ^«ft«, c i f s i >tiHM< ^sjsfyR ^ tot cstpb h ^
^m'^ TO m isii'v ^ >i<<)<k £«n:^ ^ ft^TTt? «t^«f ^ teiFmm ^ ^
t^tWl ^5f£|7R ^ 1 TOT f>l'itiil'HI>l H is^rf C H M W ^ ^ ^ I "Pt-^t^^HI-H 1 ^
TO (MS t f l H a ^ TOT ClfBl I ^ R C ^ m t l T O C n % H TO *t|iJW<l ^ l f^fTOl ^5RW
i. l^5R3Ft5Tm^l^^«,(?n®'ftll^TOT
>I<1<1<I1^ lltw^l t|»$aiRl I H C T I U ? , (Pulsting) H l R < ) ^ H TOT I
C?Pf TOT C i t e ^ P l W » R C?Pf ^ I

8. fill^"^^Rll Spead t ^ l ^ T O T I
t>.^ 8 Pl»lC*HI>l "SfBrai vfll ^ r ^ f l H (Disadvantages o f h u n t i n g )
i. 1 % Ct^^ OTSJrf «tli;^ 15|f!B^ ^ 1 ^ (3lf5? vs c ^ 5 ^ : ^ 9 f ^ « t 1 ^ I ^wtWl H a r t ^SHTRS
T T S R j lilvs Clf% CI, 'Sjtl PiiCifl»lRst»( TO 1 ^ ^ CIC^ ftCl I

^ V i f R I TTBI ^fvsQ^ f T ^ H l a|^«f TO 1
«. jfQl m TOT ' t e l f l t % ^ ^ S l » f * l f ^ f < ^ l t f a ^ * f f U ? CIH^T- tiitti^, •*ijii^, t w t %
*|R>Q^ ^ e f ^ ifJl^TOls W C«CS C1C5 ftCl I

• 8. #&»v i l l WÛ ' t e l ^ ( ^ R * * «t?[^ ^ I
'b. iSRI lstlC*f 'STBCH ^SftcSiWl TOM *tTCl I

S».« f>l'<C>»HM ' T B ^ ^5T^*ft firfîn^ (Explain t h e disadvantages and
remedies of hunting):
^RCSFWT "sjtl t ^ p T O J F m tt%C^ "S^TT® «ttC^ ^ ClfBl C f W ^ CS^ C t l W l "SRiMJ " g ^ ^ ^ ? J i m ^
TOT C ^ C<|B<TC<>\ills1^ 1 ^ t l ^ r t C : ^ ' B l t ^ I W I C^n^ I T % f C l 1 % t f l l ' < ^ TOT Clf&l

id^HH l1W»tCTl H C ' t W ( B a c k w a r d s ) *£lll >INCT<! 1 W C ^ ^Sfst^R - j ^ ; ^ TOT C t f m IT
< ( » * * 1 C ' i l ^ ^ I lilt CtfTsT^ IT <f'**1CH<l HaiT ifTS C l R 3 ? l C l ^ f>IHC4'tRetV| liiKl^TO
ITl I
Contents
c ^ F R S R vitB, w i ' m ^ I w i B w ^ cftH^ ^ TOrflmfî "tn^ t ^ o j i l ^ ^5Frtw<Rvs t h I I ^

«tu5 TFi?T wf^^ ^ ^ m i csus, ft^ I^ i m w?rct wf^
c<»w«i>i m i ^nfl^ %5wsi w ^ -siB? Niif^Q^ w c ^ ^ m i T f ^ s m s j ^ ^ TO i t : w m ^ ^ ^ " ^
TOT ' s r f e ^sRtWi'Rpo ^ I " ^ i m "sflsjT TOT i^^rcsFHt^ ' t e ^ ^R^fbiM'si ^ s r f ^ l w w r a ^
mc^TsfTOT^ TO5T'mTO^^^^^miTO^^t?:®NS(?rc«'fr^
^ t f ^ l ^ i f l W t (Remedies o f h u n g t i i i ^
' ^ R C S F R P T " ^ r f e ? C<lfB? C f R ^ r a C t M C W f ''Nf (Slot) ^^n:^ ^stsfH m (Copper)
^TfR^ I ^ cm&f ôTsrm # 1 ^ TO ^ ^ T W ^ "ste? MlBW'S
f t C ^ f S T C ^ ^Tfltf^l w n I ^ ^Tfltf^l ^Tfltf^l (Damper winding) ^
*iJlCi)l<in5>ll< ( a m o r t i s s e u r ) ^TJltf^l ^ I' ^ l m C^fB??g 'm«,'5'ft m i TOT.
«lB«<} (Oscillation) m ^ IW Wt^Tt? ^ T T t t ^ l ^ IPt^ TOT ^f^
•^R^c^ I (?n:®? s j i ^ l - i i l w . ^ t 4 ^ w c ^ ^ m ^ OT, ^ ^ ^ ^ ¥ " ^ 1 m ^^5«T^
(Oscillation) TO I ^l«>lR<t»«>lC<l ' P T ^ ^STTltl^l 4 ( W ^ C S R ^ , ^£lR)<*lM% m i
B ¥ f%l^^ ^ I lilt w t « n ? "m w t w r a f B ^ ^ > i ^ t « = i ^TTitfî ^ F R S F K m "srB? ^sjtiî m
t j ^ M i C!P5f ^ s n i t f ^ i m c<fw^jl»i ^ ^ 5 f ^ N3 f>iHCi*Ml>i "sfBra? - ^ i 1 ^ w ^ i T ? ! 1 1 ^ s . . ^ ^ i f r o g
alient
Field Poles
Squirrel
Winding
^ R C 3 F m 'TBC?!? ^ i f ^ ^ttCfl ^ ^ m - W :
i I w h t m ^s^ntfei TO
^ I a t l t f "f5TC?Rl t ^ e f e l ^BIPf'fB ^ ^ F R ^ TO I
« I^ IPlt ^ ? T TO I
Contents
8 f>IHCuJ»H1>l " s t e l TO (?TPE[ l9«1voH TOT t^TOXFRI^ i f T O t H TO ll^W'Sl

1W mi t^f^pra \i»IH<l?Jvo ^pTC^ SJTC^, t 5 j W 5 1 ^ ? , ^ ^ <?Tm H?T I
8 (^) OTîK c^t^^ H w (:^5^

H a l t TO^ w ^ ^ CT, "sfB? |>iHc>4.iRe!it TO i^ ^ i
( ^ ) ^ l - i i l l ^ ' s t B l ^ s r f ^ f w f t ^ H l 4 1 ^ 1 TO I
(t) ^ l - i i l l ^ " s t e r a 1lt%5-^SJ»t H t l < P F t t flHfl?., •»tJl^, tôJltw ^ f ^ Q ^ W t ^
liRiTO^ ^ c ^ s ch:^ f t c i 1
( 1 ) ^5t1^^ iXRt ^5Flt¥ts|'t^'*H'SJl I
(«) iSra ^ "^fC<b"ll t p 5 C l U S f l ^ I
V5I ^*£t?r^^f?TJi^7?Tt1^? fwMf^:'od
' 8 1 ^ # r f ^ ^ t l W ^ s t ^ t l H B l H |5p?roiFtH^ ^ r B m H f ^ ^ ^ -
(^) t r o m i ^ T^Sm H 'Af'^WMClJ^ ^ (MS f l W o ^ TOT I
( ' t ) >)^<(Î5. Cv»l(;«i5<:>St^ d ' ^ W p l H5TC>#°v^l??T H f f l l ^ TOT I'
( t ) W t ^ ^3Tn^?,H t^tW'IC'l^'St vsHf^?, lit? CH*T C ^ f TOTI
8 1 f%5ti3WH^"srBmwt-nti>QT[t%^1^?
^tg?r 8 ^5if%7f»f^<3 2n?;imcii i o ^ ? , £ n : ? f i ^ (?fst i
^ 8 ^^»v^5(S|;^t5T% ^Sff%3T?,f^<3 ii^'vSfC^Jl? ^ (^ I
8 (^) ^Hfet.HHg? TO
. (^) i F i t - ^ imra TO
( t ) afltsT 'to'lCl W T * f - ' ^ imtl ^ I
^ 8 W l w m f ^ (Amortlssiure) W l t % ^ i <3Htf^°v'<3 ?R?T I
^ f ^ ^ H l - .
SKI llwc?ltW^W^Wrtf?T>Q¥tf^^>ill^*ft1ls?
^ ^ 8 « f ^ ^ / 1 * l flf^'lt W P * m ^3Tnf%^C#t ^ I ' B ^ ^ ^ H l ^ t ^ H H ^ S , ^
TOHTII
^ 8 s..iî«(^[CR?tf cfr«ti
^1 fSj'lCjjjitîJi n'Bw^ ^llSW^ lJjt%?,->iW ^ ^ R « ( t O ^ îWlbHl ^
^ 8 liRi ^ ^ ^ s r ^ p e ^ cff«t I
«l P i ^ c ^ H I I Ûm^ ^^tt^?, f^viJlW t j l " W Hi?
Contents
nHiiHimiiiiiiHMiHinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniuuiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiHiuiiiuMMiuMUMunininniiiiinnniiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiinnninninininiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
io.i : t^HCuFHfr %ttt>i (?t«tW?I ^|R|-4>| ( l i s t o f s t a r t i n g m e t h o d s o f s j m c h r o n o u s m o t o r )

!>i'ic*Hl>i ^ i ^ # r R ^ li*f<oc^ 151^ ^ TTin
i. fe. t% 'fBi:^ - m t W I ^ (Starting b y d. c motor)
(starting of S y n c h r o n o u s m o t o r b y d. c exciter)
CtltH mm'm^'^ (Sfarting b y P o n y motor)
8. c w ^ i "^j^m^ miî m mm ^ t g ^ ^ i
(Self s t a r t i n g m e t h o d or s t a r t i n g b y squirrel c a g e winding)
(t. f>IHC*Ht>l t ® T W ^ '^^RM m m (By s y n c h r o n o w i n d u c t i o n motor)
i o . ^ :; fS^HCiicHI'î V^'QCAA »t^ff%? ? < f ^ ( D e s c r i p t i o n t h e p r o c e e d u r e s o f s t a r t i n g a
synchronous motor)
f^. f>r^!itor >iKic»ii P i - n * H i * i 's?^-Brtg^«r s
t^RTSFHrn ^ ^ W. 1%. W * n ^ "sfB? <JJ<1i?.N ^ mt t>TO<FPTm "Site?
•»tm^ wi1%i wn «nw i ^ i vU-sinJ-si
(ms ^^nr? I ^ i H c ^ H W •srBî^ mi •^t^
^<\\ii f ^ . ft. cstHi«i3-!ill5 (vtciii'HH " s t e ? t ^ m w W W TO Iftj^^smi^' s t e ? c ? t e 1 ^ , ft
^n?!^ cff-QTH? w ^ li)^ ^"^^H ? i < [ ^ ^ ^ ftHc*Hi>i i5m ^ i j m B ? i f ^ wtfti ?s?t
^ I f^. ft. ^rs^c^ ^ fe. ft. w m w t^. ft. 'Tttnt cff^nt ^ ^ ^ ft^rcamm ^
^ lijin^Bm^'^^ Ift^TOSFHi^" s t e ? c?iB? w m it? mi 3-(t) ^. ft. omi?^
^s,«t^ TO I ^ 3-<j), C^lCnlSf ft^roZFRltfWl ? t f ^ ^mrwi ^ ^ W w U W i t -FIT?! ftîi^Hlîwi cBt
TO ?mtc?g ftnc^^Hi^ ^ ^ i mnwCT w*rr©^ tfBfc?? ^mrc^ w*rt^ " s t e ? t f ^ f ^ « f
wrt^ I ftHc^Hi^Bri'm > f f ^ ^ ^ <pt?r« ^ 5 t e mi -stei w m t?f^
^^#irT fe^ ^ t e I w i ft^ffKFRm "si5ilw w l ? f TiWI? ^ ^ ^ TO? wtfti i t f t ^ f 1 ^ TO I
i o . ^ (^) î frog f^, ft <>*ni5'c!s ' t e ? mm ftnci^HM ^ "st^ "5ra«f (?Hti?Tr
ftnc^^HW " s t e ? C ? t e f^, ft w m OT^TIt? TO?s ftnc^HI^ " s t e ? iil4|ltl5H f ^ ^ f^, ft

»fl^ C'StHlwU^ ^ ^ , mt 1 ^ R C 3 F R m " s t e ? ^Jl*PCt3t) ^rf^ W*(f%l ^ 8(tW I stsloi ft^
te f^, ft w m f ^ f^, ft, yg? f^pnw ^mr w ^ mi ^ >ikiwjft^<:»i^HH^te?
Contents
PiHc.iij'HH ism CT«n5 mi?m? iisi
1^, 1% w m TO t r o ^ ^ K ^ MiUw^t^yrf^ ^ i w f t ^ ^ I ^''PT1^, 1%, o i f t j # ftroiFm

' t e ? ^Îtl3|<1 UpTti:? WSt TO m i f>IHC4'HI>l Ûîc^ im I
c»tTf% ^Bw^ •hlîc^j ft'ic^Hlî t>ii«»?<t 8 "5f5?f 3-(t) t ' s i w ^ "srB?f m t
t^wsFRm " S i t e ? T i t ^ w t f t i ^ 511^ I t ^ T O i F R m ' t e ? wwm '$«ihi»j ?:'n^ "stera io%.
TO «ttW i ^ cm ^ l « mft-iCi^HM' t e ? (TO (12^)1^ CfM ^ TO «nc?F I TOT
t ^ 5 t ^ -site? ^^51% ^ P l H t ^ H M " S l t ^ fTRTiigrrsTm 5tf%ic^?t ?T ftR^^m
nfroii?^ 'ffTO^t «fn? I vilt 3-<]) ^ , ft w m c«iw ?:»tTf^ "site m i
ftnC^H!*! ' t e ? (TSte w m C>l^Tlt ^ I TOT t ^ P ^ sfSn ft^TOiFHm " s t e ? t<|t!<C4
ftHC^HW n f T O R t ft^ ^5(R5f I W ? v£l^l^l3|<J ^ C?f5? w m f i n I TOT C?#? (7^^
^*(7 ^^#tTT ÎCTlt TO Tra I ^ t^WT ' t e ? w m TO f ^ ^ S ft^TOIFHm ^
ft^TCspm t t r o c t ^ I ^"t^ t ® r ^ "stera w t f t i TO i
•f^C<«iC4iat v s u l t f e l '6"?n^l m T ? T I (Self s t a r t i n g ) 'St^ W I « f 8
tf^^jT:^ ^JiwibHi ^ 4,t?jic^ (?i, f J i H t ^ H H " s t e ? ^ i ^ wrt? ws[T ^ cîiJctw cm cwu^ i ^ t e
( T O 5 W ^Tdtfî^s^t ^ , W f t ? ^Tiitfî ^ ?i:«T I (TSBra 3-<p lii, ft w m ^
c ^ 5 7 3 3 ^ ^ ^ m i ^5ji«it? ^TJitfîc:^ TO m i ^ ' ^ c s r : ^ ^^.*t^ ^ r •®j?*ri? ^ n i t f e i
^ «tW?l 1%^ SRtC^ TOT (?I IPI^ ^ ^ , ^ (7?B? 1%ra? tSRTt TO TOT
cwte B¥ ^ m i t ^ t ^ "ste? ^ ^ p c ^ sm:^ i "gs^^ c w t e 1 ^ , ft w m tw??T
:?rfs? m i ci^^M "srciff îwrnro w r c?fB? ftîcamm ' i f ^ c ^ i t ^^?(^ « n w i
10.2(B)
8 i o . ^ ('^t)
Contents
I ^ R C g W ^ ^ U t ^ l s ^ ^ f e l T (Procedure o f s t a r t i n g o f s y n c h r o n o u s m o t o r )
I w a F m " s t e l C?rfB?f CfH CWT <3Tnt%l ^ ^ H ^ <i<ii}< TO t ^ T ^ ^T&OT '^1
Pi'^t^'HH ^ ^ w im I ^ ^ Ht OT<3H ^ I
i . 2f«fC^ ^ÎC^ TO
" s t e l t t r o ' t I'sP? (Steady) TO l *|tf f®, 1% I£14|ttci3«R

«trif»r ^ÎC^ TO I l i T ^ l t ! ^ f l f ^ T O f «f>IHN3 t ^ T O i F R m HTO I
8. ^sitBTlHWHUTfT 1 < c«tc^>si g j m i ^ i
i o . o : f^TO^WT X B L (iJll t * l " * * t ^ i|I3«< H:*JJ (Comparison of Synchoronous m o t o r

with I n d u c t i o n m o t o r )
l>IHCii5'H!>i ^ s t e l ^^ftt^ t ^ t ^ " s t e l ^pRt CQ¥t ^
i.
^ t^ ( T S ^ 3-(t), lilf^f mi c i t e 1 ^ , f5f tHl t^t 3% C«l^ 5 % ^ I t^H 3-(p
8. iil4|LTCI5«R C®tC^®t'ifll^ TO tl5|^ 8. tÎ « ^ 5T#t°v ff^Qltl-^Tto R^l I

^mfî, ft^'v mi tSRfiJ f t ^ H i T F j t o
(t. «^pTa! csrfs i5rT i^ci I
«J}. C ^ fflf^C:^ TOf t^K^ Cl^Hfifim•J^lf^l

L^V^FLL ^ ^ I t ^ TJL W l iSFIT Clf5?
CfH CTOf WP*ni ^Sllt%?. W ^ !
a. lilt "#1C<|5 ^ 5 l % m c ^ f\>ilC<1^ i R b M H l

"^Hl I
B-. t ^ R c a m m ' T B I IS-SJ nfron ^ mi B-.

eOOrpm. IFLL % 5 W«l «H ^
^1
ci). I>IHC«^HI>I " s t e i ' 2 ^ mi lêflCWt t ^ ! l 5 » R - s r B ^ feft VS l ^ ^ t t H ^ '«I15 TO?15
t ® t l 5 « R - s t e l ^$«Htl'Sp Clf^ fCE I I
i o . F>IHCISJ'Hl>i " s t e l %t1^l C ÎST^ i o . IFL^ i^cH î »raf^ R

Contents
ft^C^^HW "Site? ^ l CT«f;5 iî

i o . 8 : PlHWHf*! >l"S«< ^ W l M ? \t>tR<*1
(List o f Sjrnchronous m o t o r applications)
•ft^QlTBr wit? "Pîciil TSRT (Impovement of power f a c t o r )
f r o m p f wTC^s^PTi? ?mt? i ^^j^îtts^ f r o m m ^mfti "n^m wit?' f?f^

• t^t^*PT apl«W^5 ? t f ^ 'fT^Tn? w i t ? !Sjj^w<i ^srj ? j ? i ^ ^ ^ I
^. 1 ^ «ltTOW ?J?30? ( C o n s t a n t s p e e d a p p l i c a t i o n CTf^f^lM m\, C?% 5 l f t ^ C?ftC2fR:?5lBl
TOspi?, c^mi?, ^Tit^ •»m^, ?T?t? '^^tm^ w r twif^ % 'tî:?i:f ff?i&mm w ^ t ^ R c a m m
ftf^^mm ^ ?i?^ ^ ^ r
vs. C^lt*5«t C?OT?{*tW? ? J ? ^ (uses for v a l t a g e regulation)
"sm^ ^^\\oi^ t r o m m ^ ^'t^ cw^ Siîft*R ^ n t c ^ ?i c^rtus? % ?i'«n? ? m ?
^ ^''R ^îc^ ft^TOiFm 1?Tnt? ? w I (Mtw? f?t%^ m\n 5 w f t ^ ^nt<?!? o s r c ^ "sifBf^ tot
^ •^<1 TO '511 m t ?WI? WSf ^C? I TOT ColC'B'Sr C?0i:5T*R WT I
8 . t W - S w t - t l ?T?35|? (Dual purpose use)
fTOFRW ^ C?5R C^TlÊ IROMHW W<:W m i W ? ! f1>Q?1? W i t ? ^ p W ? ?sKW ? I ? ^ ^
?l?T,fTOFm ' t e ? >ilt?it < 1 J < I < ( I 0 W ^ ^ D S t W j ? J ? ^ (Dualpurpose u s e ) ^ I
<t. cm "mm^ H^rlr:? ? T ? ^ S (use a s phase advancer)
ftJTOJFHm 'srB?CT5 ^'^R ?l ^sfsjTf^ WCW ? I ? ^ ^ ^5lW ^5ijt\5^5M? ? ^ I
lb I TO*t3i? bHHW WiliW «ij<i«!vs i
«^ I ftr# w?'«tHm ? j ? ^ ^ I
J'
I
//
I
Contents
fwmPfm: 'o(tj
ftHCig-i-iH ^ t^wf^rf^ ii^Fscvs -Jim- •
( ^ ) 1 ^ . f t " S i t e ? ^mtOU
('«f) ifi^îtte? *iKi(.*ij
(n) cnfSi-ste? ^ m j w
,(«) l>tHC>4»HI>i t®l^*R ^ t e ? mm Ft^lÎ

^1 f5tHCii).HM'sfB?T?t^W^1MI< HHJ W?«rf5T'«f I
(^) ^ » f B C^»tC%CW? •5JR ' S p I
(«t) c ? t e ? 2R?rm% i1?5iR ifiîti^fiOT I
t 5 J l i l ^ 3-(p t ^ t < l ^ ^ m CtH ^ I ' S t J tftnCiiJ'HH•site?' CfM Î'sUt? (TO ^ 1 ^ CtH W T
^ i t ^ m\(.^ ftnC^HF -sfB? W Wim i

8 1 C*rtft " S i t e ? C»fm ^l«UT f»tHCu>»H|J1 Ûw-fl C*rH ^'tjT? CTO -ÎT CWT?
Cflf^ "sfB? 3-(p t ^ W T ^ 1 C f M 3-(p t'Sft^^R " s t e ? CfM ^l'«m? ( T O
^ 1 ^ cm ^ I TOT t 5 J t ^ t ^ ' S i t e ? "!IiBt% ^<=\ <pf??n ftiTOJFW^ vjl3<C<lJ f>l'ICuJ.H!>l
' t l t e t n •?! ' W ^ m f l cm n f r o ^ ^ ftnc^Hi'i ' t f t e c t ? csc^'q C ? R i t t e ^ n "Îro fe®
tTC? I •
1W3FRt^ -site? ( 7 ? t e 3-(p ifl.'ft W ? t ^ Ta?¥ " g ^ CTOl? ' ^ ^

WM1? <3?itfîi?p ? 5 ^ TO m i "^v^ ^ i TOT ^ >iif¥ci5«» wf*rf? ^?Ttfî m
w fTO,?sK?* 2t?if5^ ^^tn? (?i snc^ ^ ^ ^ 2 t t % ^ TO t?tfr?i c?te?
'bl R>ÎM PlHC^^HM "sr5? c>i^^ în>i???T ? m ?

^^8 IJlPtC?!^ Clt^T C?fB? cm CWC^ N5l!«tT? 'a'5ntfel TO t w ^ i W ^ ' i t e ? iB? %#l.^
'm? I
'\{ iil4|R'B|C?< It^lCTJ Rs^fC? PlHCafHM " s f B ? ^ WTT'lt??
^ 8 ^RrajRpT ^ t e ? m i ^-^t^ m^t îin W f f t i w «ftw i stsiw ifiîÛMf..^
I^.'ft w ? r ^ t w i B ? % R : ? F i l r o ftncui'l'^"ste? i t r o t ftnc'ii'i'iw t f t e c f ^ f t ® ^ ^ i
ifl'sR C%fe 3
^ ?j?! ^ ^ ' ' R t^.'ft c ' l f ^ ^ ftnc^-HR "ste? iii"^r^t? U t t h : ? ?5tw ^ ifB?t5 f i ^ TO '^ i
^ 8i T O f m -stb? ^5î?ii ^ 'sj? c?1^ *ff?sn'^ c«R%w ^ i ?i? " t o t
TOII5T? ^ H > 1 W * R ^ TO TR? I '^WU f^7f5TSf C?f®pSll^ ^nH^Tt «ftW-'5ItC^ o f f ^ f ^

côTc^w t w r s t TO'^ I
Contents
f^rogWT " s t e ? ^ i CT«f^ m i <ij<!î<
1 ^ "âm m i wf=»n? ^ ¥ t t % i ^ c ? t e «fTc^ i c?f5? n'sR f ^ r o i m m f 1 % i ^ t "^c? ^ ' » R

cîB? mi^5ip»rm VG^ntfei m <m ^ « t f ^ ^ I t e n «m:^ ^ i f?*mi ^Tntiî-^
• S ^ s (^) tt^TRT? w i t ? ^^?OT w ^ ftRwRm w ^ i i w i ? % n : ? i

(^) c5R%cw? c?s7^Hcsra w ^ FTHCIIJ-HM w t t ^ i
(t) Wt^SôW? % 1 W I
I »rftei»f fti^ c5Tiro?'5Trsf t ^ - ? i ^ l>iHCiii>i'ii>r ii'Gw^ >iKiwj 'oiltii&il i

(?>) Wtrsf? WT (Paper mill)
(''t) C # R 2 f t ^ L TOSpT? (Reciprocating C o m p r e s s o r )
( t ) C>li^f*p!3^ (Centrifuj'al P u m p )
(^) crrai? (Blower)
( « ) l ^ f l ? (Chipper)
^^8 • s t e ? C^LTE CTt^ VG^TL^L C ? t e 3-(p VSTFLTFEL 'FLW m i f s t # 1 ^ m t t ^

C ? t e 3-(p w m 1 ^ ^ 3-q) t ^ R ^ " s t e ? ^ ÎT?' ^ ft-iC^Hlvi t®1^»R ^ ?C5T I
^1 PiHtui-Hh m i t ^ l w ^ x S i a ? f K w ft^ I Iwmf^:'o^,'ool

^ ^ 8 i o . o ^ i ^ t i w w c^rf I
VSI "sr5?^Tf&im^l'i?lw<8lc»iler»i^cwi? fwf^fPti:^:'o^J
^ 8 %i1î t ' s m ^ "sre? "^^co f i r o i s t a t o r (W^^f w^%t? t . m . m p ^rw ^ i w i ^
^ i '^\c^ t ? c # r ^ ( 5 c^m 7 « ^ ) I w f t?5i TO ^ c w IK? I^ i m w ^ %f5H
?j?5^ wiw ^ W *tf^R^ <Mc<c^;^ ^ 0 ^ ?wn? I
8 1 R>îw tqî^'gw? mm ^Hi'M-im t>!«i?Rii?m?
^ 5 ^ 8 :>o.^î*i^cwi^cw<) 2i«iiet^?i î-f I
^ ^ 8 :>o.:^î î-ic^c'iTsj ^rai>st^n î-t i

'bi Rkîw *JMI^ «?itfîm>iiîc»)j PiHCuft-MM-srs^^^sî^m?
^ 8 i o . ^ ^ l " ^ ^ p ^ CfH I
HI P w * M I > i vU«^ l>l*(-*<«t 2rfe?T Ml^t *ft^t 1 S K I
^ ^ 8 io.^^si^pTOi? c«mii*f c^H I
VI PlHW'Ht>i M^CHH <J<<M >I'*IW ÎtWlbHl'^ I
^ 8 io.8^l'SI^p5!ff Cfr«t I
ii ft'it^Hl*! ^?^
" S i t e ? W »f^>l%^ft? ^ 1%^ m i isîcw^ ^MT c*it«^H nH ' Î
^ S ^ 8 i o . i m i i o . c ^ ^ i ^ 5 [ ^ i : B ^ cii^ !
Contents
Illllllllllllllllllllll iiiiiiiimiiiiuiuiiiiiiiiiiii
IIMMIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIilllllllllinilllllllllliriMillllllllllllllllllllllll iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiimiil
ii.i : Piitifi'hh •vitvBiil'Si (Synchronous Condenser)
S»(*IW^ Wi:Sf •^J<^^M ?RIT ^ "^S^ t ^ K ^ f5lHCul'HI>l <)>HCî)H>lMTOTI WtoftJTiSif ^ 4>HC^H51lMil

l>IHCvii>HI>i 'fg? ftt^l TO ?C5T ftHC^HM <>H(;^H*il<1 ?!?T I
(?n (?Tt^ 'srgf^ ^ <UJ|°^5H (a) ^ ^ f?*fm t , m , m (EC) Sfl? 1 8 0 ° ^ ? f l t C«lC^St V
lira f ? t f t c ^ ^>i\c^ I ^«t? «iiwttti*rCT E c c#f ^ 1%*mi ^ oak^^ E R m i v m ^ w i ? (W=t
firm 1 8 0 ° ^ I ^5IH!? Ia, E R smi 9 0 ° TO la, V smi 9 0 ° 1%^ TO I
WICM!^ ^<-SJ,lH f>iHCiiJ»Hl>l •sfB? <il^STtt5^ TO sftn fTOt ftf^l ?T W f^l
i i . i ^ l frog « i l ^ f%JTC3FHl3T <1>HC\isH>ll«^ C o t ? Wt¥f£tTsr. m i l R T " 5 ^ I WT "STICT? f ^ l f l ^ ? ! ? !

w i t ? f ^ ftnciij'HW ^ i^mtu^ ûif^ti 'n^Tit? w t t ? t^m^ ^ ?t t * i < > l ^ « C^TITO?
îfl^ ^ ft'!Ci4'HI>i " S i t e ? fîf^l ^sji:?!^ <il?l f%f^l f ? ? U t ? # « f l ^ ? ! ? t ^ T ^ I ^ C^TOS?
? ! t ^ r ^ ' i t e ? ?iTff?ti w c ? ^ m i f w f ^ # o fi^sTrm ^ ^ f ^ i f ^ c^nro? w M t ^ fi^sî?
of^R<)I¥\s «fm?i wMm ^ i te^mm <I»HC^H>II< f ^ ^^mn af^-i TO m t
^tt>iw m i ' s r i w ^ "^^m i
A ? Pl'HCui.HM "srS? vQ fsTTC^Hm WTTO'Î'm:?? -SKSTT ' N W (Disdinguish b e t w e e n s y n c h r o n o u s
m o t o r a n d s y n c h r o n o u s Condenser)
i. l>iHCig»Hm "si^ ^ r M ^ cm ? ^ TO m i Û'sftsi TtNs-m? w i t ? "^tm

ft^nttt^ f i « ? T ? w t t ? ^ ^ ( R ? ?nw
?s?C^ f R ? I
t ^ 'S(\m, W F T m i ^B'oi? l i i w i t c B ^
t f w m TO fi«rng^ ^=mfni,^SRn; m i ii)Wltt5*fi?T f ^ l 'fT^?!? W i t r a WSf TO I
f ^ i Tfê?!? w t e t f ? 5 m ?j?r -smi
Contents
• t
8. bMI?) dR°v T T - r t T l f ^ t^N
<t. «IJI»P13 C^tllJl ij,! t^N »tJl*l>l> '^Î'l^vslW fb«1>H 4^?l 1
ii.va I^FTOSTsfTT "srBl ifl^^ f^HrSFRt^ «("HW9'i*l!c<^ TT^Tmr "Wftl ^ W i ( P o w e r factor

C o r r e c t i o n with t h e help l o f S y n c h r o n o u s m o t o r a n d ssmchronous Condenser)
3-q)
3-q)
.. KVAR2
f M i i . O ( ^ ) f M i i . O ('«t)
I^Riamm •sji^ 'ttît? "spjiti ^ p O T 3-(p, Wt«^n;v» csnro? ^^tfl^ fTRcsFHi^

^ 1 J | 5 ) H H ^sCTtn ^ ^ I i i . o (^)f6T3t l i l ^ 3-(p CSTtUSl ^îft® lippl^ pR(;iil»HM ' s t e l ITtlKM
ÎCTlt fbai C>iH^ ^ 1 T C 5 I « m 1115 I£1<P1^ 3-(p, t^l<j>f^v» Cc[l\5 Cos(pi, Wff*t?, TT^SIH WitCl P
froitîfB (MS 5}^«t îr^ I m^ 9mmm ^ i K t i t^"^ f t ^ i H P M 'tt^m i ^
Cos(pM. ^sClR'tlTOT•'ilf^!^« (MUS? ft^lH OM = P KW
l^pnjZFW^ t t w m P R = P M t ^ t l # 5 c^rti:®! % U l l 5 i ^ t t ^ l H K V A R I = M P = OMtancpi =
Ptan(pi
NS= KVAR2 = ON tan(p2 = (OM +MN) tan(p2 = ( P + P M ) tan(p2
R S = K V A R M = K V A R i - KVAR2 = PtaiMpi - ( P +PM) tan(p2

^5fKm, R S = P R taiKpj^.
^sftlH, KVAR2 = KVARi - K V A R M = MP - R S .

NS ICVARI—KVARM KVAR2
tan(p2-QN- p+pM =P+PM '
^cglvr* -jpi^sTf -sM am Wûmm • s t e i ^ft^ ^^sm ^PJT%I cos(p2 l^^tra^HPr " s t e i ^
'tt'Qiii i5jt^ t^-^ w im 1
Contents
P i H C d > . H M * M W H > i i w 4 > i i ^ i t * i j *rr«Tmr w t t ?

PiHtv^'HM WTTO^pTH:?? mm tt^STmi w i t ? ^ g w r a 3-(p, t'6|«1»|l?'g> C^rtTO? ' i t ^
IJKMIW ^ ^ I (?m^ I>iH£*HI>l WTOB'i^ Cffft^ ^ 5 R ^ K5T ^ W (W^T
tt^sTlTsI m t W ? ^ ?TOit K5TI lil^ltcD-nR iQbMHl ^ I «T?rt 'It^ Cos(pi
^TjtPri ttvs?t? w t o F ^ t^t^#5 pfTOTivsTrfg ttoTrt? aj^t ^ ^ R ^ i 9mm\^
'f"\ob'\m ? m t ? w? tt^simi w t t ? cos(P2 ^ft^ ^ i m t i i . ^ ( t ) îfrog (ym^
^ 1 i i . o (n) ^ i f r o g PRtig-MH HW>iiwt] JIIÎC^j tt^sTrt? w t t ? e s t ? f§3i (?t«rRRt ^
M
i£l'«rtC^ OM = P P
KVARi = MP = OM tan(pi = P taiwpi

^rtf?¥ RîlÎU^ tt^sTTt?
KVAR2 = MN = OM X tan(p2 = P tan(()2
I>iHC>4'HI>l • s t e ? # ? J t ^ t ^ ffvs?1?
KVARm = NP = M P - M N = P tantpi-P tan(p2
= P (tancpi -tan(p2)
W?'«tRl? ^llf?^ tt^sTIt?
KVA2=VP^TKVAR2^
.-. ^ f ^ ttvs?1? W i t ? , Cos(p2 = j ^ ^ W f ^ < ? ? 5 ^ ? 1 ? I
:/SjinJ<^?sjT*llPl'i;w^ mm •fr^m? w i t ? (power f a c t o r C o r e c t i o n with t h e h e l p o f

static Condenser) W t t f ^ t e ? ^ W l l-(p m°v 3-(p ^ >llf¥ci5^ ?t (?TtC^ ft^s?!? wit?
%?^?s?1^ I
^JliU'* WT*l(*t'Bw? >IIÎWJ I-<p ^n^din? <pjlt<i Sjjiii s
A.C Supply LOAD

Islnqp,
fM (^)fM ('Sf)
l-<p (?Tn?5? t1vs?1? W i t ? ^ p R ? 1 ? ^rf^ IJKHlW i£l?slB Wlftftfg? ^ I C ^ I WTPS TO I »J?1

^ Cos(pi ^ l t1vs?t? W t e m f ^ X*l<*n5^ C^rm I ?51T;?^ a j ^ l ? 5 ? ^ l ^ 1J|«IMIW 'c'
"sriw? ?5jifi15rB^ ^ ? j ? i l "5p?T5i w i f f ^ t e ? f%fî w i : ? ^ ic. W ? K T O i^ csrfus? ûif?tif??Tt^5f^
"^m^ isin<pi, c^nro? f ? ? m ^ l ^ w ^ I S I I K P I c«tc^ ?5jt'rf5tera Qiiji^n;^ ? 5 K ? ^ IC I r o i n TO
?Tt? 1 W?T.^nR?5 ravji<>n5« ? 5 t C ? ^ TO ? 1 ? I W?T ^nf%CB? ffvSTTt? W i t ? <M!5 ? 1 ? I
? 5 j i t f ^ f e ? f ? ? i i ^ ^ Wi:?*& I c = ^
Contents
ff^STmi " I P J I ^ ^^MM-A
.Ic = -
l/27rfc
Ic = 2jrfcV
Ic
.-. C =
2Ttfv
VIp
^ ^ = 2 ^
= 27ifV2
i f l ^ 4 0 0 V , 5 0 c / S t'*l'1»"lH •'TBI 0 . 6 « m f « t l »rTfllt?I » f J l S «

5 0 A isn:?r^ at^«f " T O I •STBTSRI trîmi " ^ F i t ^ 0 . 9 T r i f ^ ? , >ii
w ^ TOT T t t ^ ijMi«Trc5T w "sm?Ti " ^ i ^ r B i
T?jiw TO? 0 . 9 i T t f ^ i tr^TTti i T f t w ^rBisra M l t ^
TOpBtlTWTO?
(t) CVi<3lT
•^m^ C o l C ^ , V= 4 0 0 v .
OM = Ii Cos(pi = 5 0 X 0 . 6 = %^C^, f=50HZ
30A Op = Ii=50A,Cos<pi=0.6 (^t)
.-. = C o s - l (0.6)
MP = OPSincpi = Ii sincpi = 53.13°
= 5 0 x S i n 5 3 1 3 ° = 50x0.8 = 40A. C0S(P2 = 0.9
.-. <P2 = Co&-l(0.9)
= 25.84°
îl-HlPlBjh c = ?
fl^H?! 'FTt^ % p W l t l <3 W I ^ I ^ ^ l R < R 5 ' v s «ttCTS I fl'QTrtl -JPIt^ ^PC?T? tl

I w M ^ M N = O M tan(t)2 = 3 0 x t a n 2 5 . 8 4 ° = 14.53A.
Ic = PN = MP-MN
= 40 - 1 4 . 5 3 = 25.47A
Ic 25.47
= 2 . 0 2 6 x 1 0 - 4 IH?!^
^ ^ 27ifv - 2 7 1 X 5 0 x 4 0 0
= 2 0 2 . 6 X 1 0 - 6 >RWS
= 2 0 2 . 6 "xntCSFt «Pjl^l^b
l2 = V 0 M 2 + M N 2 = V 3 0 2 + 1 4 . 5 3 2 = 3 3 . 3 3 A
Contents
o
3-CP 3-(p
LOAD LOAD
CP.
CP
fM - ('SI) feg (®)

3-(p 51#tl 'ftîTII? Wit? (?T1US? 'n^TlH Wit? ^yrft^ ?JTl^ ( A - b a n k ) ?t %H
?JTl^ (y-bank) ?5Jl'nftB? ijKMlW f ? ? ^ I f53[ i o . 8 (^) m i io.8(«)-iil n<?fnTO c;5%I ?Ttl^
m i %i? ?jTi^ wt'flfts? <i<iiiA w:? 3-(p c^nro? 'fi^?!? w i t ? ^5?^ I wtfiftB? ?Tii'i:^
ftfîra^ji«i»n;«w^*B csTiTM ^ i i ra^ji<>TD« WI:?*B 0^ 1 1 % ^ (^nro? wi^fB^
9fêf ^ I :s[vo?ii c ^ M M 'tt^?!? wttOT ^ I îwrcn sfit^^ cîc^st Tfi?i
ototc^Bst 1?*fm «tt<3?i? w i t ? ^pCT? ?JTIT:^ ? m i ? ? s ? ^ cww? w t i f t t n : ^ ^
^ ^mn I C S T O 5 ? f i ^ ? i ? w i t ? wrc^ TO, CTt c^TRÊ? W W I F T w i i f t t ? îwin^^RT® TO I
P M
'TM- (F)
*f?r Coscpi ^ l ft^Tlt? w i t ? f?Ptt P tTOn^?fB C^TlWlKs?!? Wit? Cos{p2 (^l)-^^! ^f^5
MP = KVARi = Ptancpi
MN = KVAR2 = Ptan(p2
WflTftB? ?JTli:<|5? ftf^LTWM^ TT^?1? KVAR = PN = KVAR1-KVAR2 = P tancpi -.P tan(p2
= P(tancpi -tan{p2)
2(1% CTOi? WtflftUwil RILII^fD^ f1^?1?
• KVAR P(tan(pi-tan(p2)
3 - 3
.-. cs^ ? J T I T : ^ 2(1% cTOt? w i l t f t t e
KVAR
-Xl03
KVARX103
.-. V L = V P
67lfVL2
Contents
- ^"om wil?
2f1%cww? w i i i P i B j h
VP =
V3
27lfVp2
KVARX103„
VL
6ni
3KVARX103
671VL2
••.CpY=3CpA
^<f«. »fT<3?i? w i t ? m t ^ f l ^ ^^?c« TOT cs^ ? j i ? j ^ ^5Rm ^ ?n?j^ wi*tf5rBm
^ 1
w m « *s(^ 4 0 0 . H P (C^^y, 2 0 0 0 V , 5 0 C / S ^TB? 0 . 7 »mf»ti tt^TTRr w i f e I *i5nr

• f ^ 8 ? 1 ? w t t ? 0 . 9 3 ' m P r i «4i ^ I t ^ w^ wi»rif^
85% ^ I w T ^ r f ^ î"CT5? stf^ c w ^ W 5 " S f i ^ wT'itftrtJim "snm? «rf^
WitlftfBCRf CtolC*B* C?rf&^ 5 0 0 VTOT*lt^ ^ÎB W l t f t B ? "IliUCVft TO?
Cif<3?1 ^511C5,
P Wol
2*34 2
= 0 8 5 5 = 3 4 6 . 1 1 Kw = 400H.P.
w i t i f t B ? ?ji?Ewi Qiiji<t>n5« f i ^ m ? = 400X0.7355
K V A R = P(tan(pi -tan(p2) = 294.2KW
= 346.11 (tan45.57°-tan21.565)
= 2 1 6 . 2 7 5 KVAR. V L = 2000V
WifPiB? ? T t ? m a r t T O R ^ RiiJl<*IUb f=50c/s
^ ^ KVAR 2 1 6 . 2 7 5
= — 3 —= 3 Cos(l)i = 0 . 7
= 7 2 . 0 9 KVAR .-. (1)1 = Cos-l(0.7)
2ff%CTOf? W l f l f t B ^ ( A - ? n ? j ^ C ^ ) 45.57°
72.09X103 _ 72.09X103
" 27lfVp2 " 271X50X(2000)2 Cos(|)2 = 0 . 9 3
= 57.36X10-6F (P2 C o s - 1 (0.93)
= 57.36^lF. = 21.565°
2000
C®^ ? T r ? J ^ fitlTOR^ WlTlftB? = = 41B
1%%^ srf^tB W l t f t B r l ^ ^ = 57.36X4
= 2 2 9 . 4 4 HF
f?: Wt'TtftB? T I R Y - ? J 1 ? ? s
5: ^ xbITOT 0 ^ CTOF? WltftBj^
3 72.09X103 2000
^P"27150X( 1 1 5 4 . 7 ) 2
I
= 1154.7V
A'
I = 172.102Xl0-^F = i72.102nF.
Contents
: *ft«?rRr IFJil? i - H f ^ « *i>(*iJh^- (Salved p r o b l e m s o n power f a c t o r correction::)

WITT: : <fl^5dOKVA, 0 . 5 » I J T H l » f t « m i m t C ? R I ( m ® l * ^ ^
' r i ^ i m i m t w 0 . 8 t*rf^^*tt>sRrRr>FTt%^ IOOHP <i!^ "»rBi ^ t j i m ^ i -steRr
•snm 9 0 %TOT1 ^ ^ -
't. CH^ t t e i t l iSill CH^ KVA C«Tt^
OP = 500KVA O, M N
Cos<pi = 0 . 5 A (Pi = Cos"'l(0.5)
= 60°
AOMP-iil
R
OM = O P Cos(pi = 5 0 0 X 0 . 5 = 2 5 0 K W
PM = OM tancpi = 2 5 0 x t a n 6 0 °
PM = 4 3 3 K V A R • t\ya.,
fJl-^C^HI*! "ST&BRT : f > I H t * H H i B l W a t , 71 = 9 0 % = 0 . 9
f*WM'Hl>l iSm ^ f 1 ^ ^ ft<3?[t?f = lOOHP = 1 0 0 X 0 . 7 4 6 = 7 4 . 6 K W

^ll^lJ'fB 7 4 6
f>l'1C^HI>t ^ t ^ ' i B , APRS-iil, P S = — = - Q ^ = 83KW
ft^Tftl Wit^, Coscpm = O.S (9^1)
.-. <Pni= C o s - l (0.4) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
RS = P s tan<Pn, = 8 3 X t a n 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 6 2 . 2 5 K V A R
NR = NS-RS = P M - R S = 4 3 3 - 6 2 . 2 5 = 3 7 1 . 7 5 KVAR
CH^KW,
ON = OM+MN = OM + PS = 2 5 0 + 8 3 = 333KW.
AONRA
CH^ KVA. OR, = V 0 N 2 +P4R2

= V3332 + 3 7 0 . 7 5 2
= 4 9 8 . 3 4 KVA
ON
^>Tfllsft^lItl^PJt%lCos(p2 =
OR
333
"498.34
= 0.667
Contents
tt^ntii w i t ? Sjj^w^ " ^ ^ ( ^ ivs>

w m - 5 i . 4 . ^ : ^•rc?!^ ^ i w r m r ti^^n? w i t ? o . s ^ o.Q'uif^viii ^Bf^ w n ^ 8 7 % w s r
^r*tW PlHC>»lHl'>l ^ •^J'l^^M ? ^ ^ t fS^'<Cai.MM >f5? WS t t ^ ^ ^JltC? K^T Ift'<4>»HI>l>f5?
»fl^^W(:;^^4j^?Rn:?? fwMPm:'oHl
^m*^: O, M N
AOMP-iil
P = O P = 500KVA
Coscpi = 0 . 5 5 1 # t ? , (pi = (0.5) = 6 0 °
Cos(P2 = 0 . 9 ^ 1 , (P2 = C o s - l ( 0 . 9 ) = 2 5 . 8 4 ° \ I >IR
O M = O P Cos(pi = 5 0 0 X 0 . 5 = 250KW.
PM = O M tancpi = 2 5 0 x t a n 6 0 ° = 4 3 3 K V A R
fiat ii.<?.;^
r ^ ^ 5 f t ^ ^ = lOOHP = 1 0 0 X 0 . 7 4 6 = 7 4 . 6 K W
^ t ^ ^ , PS = = 85.7KW.
O N = O M + M N = OM+PS = 2 5 0 + 8 5 . 7
= 335.7KW.
A O N R A NR= O N tan(p2=335.7Xtan 2 5 . 8 4 ° = 162.7KVAR.
RS = N S - N R = P M - N R = 4 3 3 - 1 6 2 . 7 = 2 7 0 . 3 KVAR
f w m m ' t e ? cw^ ( P n i
RS 270.3 ^ ,^
t a n ( P m = p s = - 8 5 ^ = 3-15
(p^ = t a n - l ( 3 . 155) = 7 2 . 4 °
.-. C o s (Pm = C o s 7 2 . 4 ° = 0 . 3 0 2 (ftfe?)
f r o m ^ K V A = VPS2+RS2
= V (85.7)2 +(270.3)2
= 2 8 3 . 6 KVA
I W t : ii.d.vs : ifl^R* WSf'tHI? 0 . 6 Wlf*f?. • t t ^ ^ *PJltM? 1 4 4 0 K W ffHÎ 0.8 •f^Q?1? WttBRT
ft-ttifrHM >fB? AiAHiI<<IHI? I t « ? 1 ? W i t ? 0 . 9 i n f ^ l <H ^ f t ^ ^ I PlHt^HM "Site?
W5? W^KW?'ifl^ KVA ? ! W5 îSpT?

M N
•TSlT^fH : (?T«?1 ^5JlC5, O,
OM=1440KW
Cos(pi = 0 . 6 1 1 1 ! ^ .-. (pi = Cos-1 (0.6)
= 53.13°
R
Coscpm = 0 . 8 (ftf®l)
.-. (Pm = Cos-l(o.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 ° 1' ;

Cos(P2 = 0 . 9 ^ 1 , (P2 = Cos-l(0.9) = 2 5 . 8 4 ° fiat i
Contents
*m 'it^ f>nc<*Hi»i ' t e i troTrm (KW)

PS = X
.-. ON = OM +MN = (1440 +x)
AOMP-ifl, PM= O M tantpi = 1 4 4 0 X t a n 5 3 . 3 = 1 9 3 2 K V A R

ANOR-«fl, N R = O N tan(p2 = (1440+JO t a n 2 5 . 8 4 °
=> N R = ( 1 4 4 0 +x) X 0 . 4 8 4 2 8
=> N R = 6 9 7 . 3 6 3 8 + 0 . 4 8 4 2 8 X
R S = N S - N R = P M - N R =1932-697.3638-0.48428x
=> R S = 1234.629-0.484284X
A P R S - « f l , R S = P S tanqJm = 2Xtan 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 7 4 9 7 3 x .
0.74973x= 1 2 2 2 . 6 1 9 - 0 . 4 8 4 2 8 X .
=> 1 . 2 3 4 x = 1 2 2 2 . 6 2 9
1222.629
=>x = 1 . 2 3 4 - = 990.787KW.
O N = O M + M N = 1440 +990.777 = 2430.777

w r o m 'jitSNs KVA
ON 2430.787
OR=-
'Cos<p2 0.9
=>OR=2700KVA
T « R j t - i i . « . 8 : <iwl^ f% w?'«tt^ 0 . 7 0 7 «mf»ti iTûnr wttc?r 3 6 o o K V A cm ^JTC^ I ^ wiwmr
9 0 % H^sslfl SOOHP ( 3 7 3 kw) PlHW-HI*! ^^?tf^?s?rf I W T W^TstRm IT^^rm W t l ? 0 . 9 3 7
hI'plPkil: '08, 'o(t]
^ . PlHW-HI*! •ftSTHtl W i t ?
W?'"tH1? C^tfl
'Wt^fH:
Coscpi = 0.707 Ûlf^

.-. (pi = Cos-1 (0.707) = 45°
Cos<P2 = 0.937 (»IJlPtO
(P2 = Cos-1 (0.937) = 20 : 4 4 6 °
WWn? = 3 6 0 0 KVA
|5|Wti*hW ilUcM ^ ! ^ , r\ = 9 0 % = 0.9
ftHWj-HW ism ^ = SOOHP = 500x0.746
=373KW
^^1®?^ 373
PS = = 4I4.44I?W*
0.9
Contents
A O M P - ^ , OM = OP Coscpi = 3 6 0 0 X 0 . 7 0 7 = 2 5 4 5 . 2 K W
PM = OM tan(p2= 2 5 4 5 . 2 x t a n 4 5 ° = 2 5 4 5 . 2 K V A R
ON= OM+MN =OM +PS = 2 5 4 5 . 2 + 4 1 4 . 4 4 = 2 9 5 9 . 6 4 K W
AONfR-'i), NfR=ONtan(p2=2959.64Xtan20.446°= 1103.355 KVAR.
^. m^m^ ^ H ^ H f ^ KVA
OR = V 0 N 2 +NR2
ON
= V2959.642 + 1 1 0 3 . 3 8 5 2 OR = Cos(p2
2959.64
= 3 1 5 8 . 6 2 7 KVA - 0.937
RS = N S - N R = 3158.63KA.
= P M - N R = 2545.2 - 1103.385 1 4 4 1 . 8 1 5 KVAR
APRS-TO>, P R = VPS2 +RS2
= ^414.442+1441.8152
= 1500.196KVA
PS 4 1 4 44
Coscp„ = p ^ = i s o o ' i Q s = 0 . 2 7 6 ( l ^ l )
w m : ii.ft.ft: t*i(3fli*i j r n : ^ ceit^ 24OOKVA *rr«irm ^wtli o.e? «mf*ti i t^prcaFHrn
< KVA-C5 ^ r o a F m ' t e l l - t = T ^ C?[1^l
OP = 2 4 0 0 KVA
Cocpi = 0 . 6 7 (sulf^l) .'. (p2 = C o s - l (0.67)

=47.93P
Cos(P2 = 0 . 9 5 (51#tO .-. (p2 = C o s - l (0.95) = i 8 . 1 9 °
i ^ R r a ^ - s t e i t=T<j^ f r o t ^
P = OM = OPCos(pi
1 ^ ii.<t.<?
= 2400X0.67
= 1608KW.
A O M P - ^ , PM=OMtan(pi=1608Xtan47.93= 1782.733KVAR
A O M N - ^ , MN=OM tan(P2=1608Xtan 18.19°= 528.37KVAR
|5|HW>'HI>I " s t e l 9ff^l KVAR
PN = PM -MN = 1 7 8 2 . 7 3 3 - 5 2 8 . 3 7 = 1 2 5 4 . 3 6 KVAR
CHS^ 1*i•^C^4•HI*l " s t e l (7TC5^ ^m KVAR'S KVA ^PlH TO I ^<t«. PlHCi^HI*! ^fSm KVA
t = T ^ = 1 2 5 3 . 1 1 KVA.
Contents
:>o8 c#t^-
(*t'<C*HI>l "sjfe?f 9^1 KVAR /

PN = P(tah(pi -tan(p2)
= 1 6 0 8 (tan 4 7 . 9 3 ° - t a n 18.19,)
= 1 2 5 3 . 1 1 KVAR.
ON = ^ = ^ . = 1 6 9 2 - 6 3 KVA
•r«Rf^ 8
ON = V0M2 +MN2
= V 1 6 0 8 2 +528.372 = 1 6 9 2 . 5 8 KVA
w o t 8 :>:>.ft.'lj 8 «il^W?'«tt^0.67'ITtf«ri»t^9?t?Wt^
Wlt?^SrSt?Rim W "il^ 3000KVAft^TCl^^
T'lT^JKS QW l m_ IM
W?«tW?
P = O M = 5000KW
Coapi = 0 . 6 7 (^<)
.-.(Pi = C o s - 1 (0.67) = 4 7 . 9 3 °
(>IWC>g'HI>l ' t e ? C^«il t^'a^ = 3 0 0 0 K V A ^

Pi'Itiil'HH • s t e ? ^ ^ KVAR tT^Kt ?m
' P N = 3 0 0 0 KVAR
A O M P - « i l , P M = O M tancpi = 5 0 0 0 x t a n 47.93°
= 5 5 3 9 . 4 3 7 KVAR
AOMN-iil^MN = PM-PN
= 5539/437-3000
\ = 2 5 3 9 . 4 3 7 IWAR
ON = V 0 M 2 +MN2
= V 5 0 0 0 2 +2539.4372 = 5 6 0 7 . 9 1 KVA
?5. wsn«tRl? ' G « l ? - w tT^?t? w t t ?
OM 5000
Cos(p2 = ON = 5 6 0 7 9 1 = 0 . 8 9 2 (ftfel)
Contents
w t t ? S:jiiw< •^\^ ))^(t
t^*r^: -
PN = OM (tan(pi-tan(p2)
--^ 3 0 0 0 = 5 0 0 0 (tan 4 7 . 9 3 ° -tan(p2)
=> 0 . 6 = 1.10788-tan<p2
=>tan(p2 = 1 . 1 0 7 8 8 - 0 . 6
tan(P2 = 0 . 5 0 7 8 8 .
.-. (P2 = tan-1 ( 0 . 5 0 7 8 8 ) = 2 6 . 9 2 ° .
.-. CQscpa = Cos 2 6 . 9 2 ° = 0 . 8 9 ( f t ^ l )
'A>mm C5ff5 KVA.
0^ =^=1^ = 5 6 0 7 . 9 ) KVA
w f r t - i i . < f . « i : ^si^ wmH 0 . 6 "smfti •tôni? w t f e i440kw i o.s 1»rfî
•trsm 87.4% wsrsr fJ^nw-HH ^ t e i ? ' r t ^ j w j w ? ' » t m •trîrm w i t ? t ^ f t B
Tsit»JH: O M
N
Cos(pi =0.6^1Jlf»tl
(Pl = Cos-1 (0.6) = 5 3 . 1 3 ° .
Cos(p2 =1, <P2 = C o s - l ( l ) = 0°
CostpM = 0 . 8 (ftfel)
=> (ftn = C o s - 1 (0.8) = 3 6 . 8 6 °
OM=144pKW
twmm ' t e ? t = i ^ ft'o?!?, P S = 'X' KW

ON = OM +MN = OM +PS = ( 1 4 4 0 +x) KW.
fm ii.fl-.s
ftro^'ite? ftf^l (KVAR)
RS = OM tan(pi - O N tan(p2
= 1 4 4 0 t a n 5 3 . 1 3 ° - ( 1 4 4 0 +x) XtanO°
= 1919.99-0
= 1 9 1 9 . 9 9 KVAR
^5ft?1? A P R S - ^
R S = P S tancpM = xXtan 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 0 . 7 4 9 7 3 x
.-. 0 . 7 4 9 7 3 x = 1 9 1 9 . 9 9
1919.99
>x = 0 . 7 4 9 7 3 = 2 5 6 0 . 9 IKW.
2560.9
=>x =•0 . 7 4 6 = 3 4 3 2 . 8 5 HP. 1HP= 0 . 7 4 6 KW.
= 3432.85X0.874 fi = 8 7 . 4 %
= 3000.3IHP = 0.874
Contents
w m « ii.i.V : SfT^B 0 . 7 2 «mf»tl » r t ^ -^Jl^W S O O O K V A (MS a j ^ ISTO^ I

l a O O K V A t f ^ RFl^ " i l ^ P l i w ^ h h 'JTBI 8 9 . 5 % h^vftl'fl 6 0 0 H P C»ltC5 >W«l<l^f^Wt^«^
*t. isBi^tm ft^m

^. l T O F m ' t e r a ' t m s t iHti
'W*fH: O, M N
Cos(pi = 0 . 7 2 => 91 = C o s - l (0.72) = 4 3 . 9 4 °
OP = 3000KVA.
P R = 1300KVA.
= 600HP
= 600X0.746
= 447.6KW.
t^^,ps =
447.6 f53l ii.fl-.V
= 500.111KW
- 0.895
Ti = 8 9 . 5 % = 0 . 8 9 5
PS
\ (Jt-iC^lnM i t e l > P J 1 ^ Coscpm
'PR
500.111
- 1300
= 0.3847(1^^)
=> (t)M = C o s - l ( o . 3 8 4 7 ) = 6 7 . 3 7 5 °
AOMP-i£l, OM = OP Cos(pi = 3 0 0 0 X 0 . 7 2 = 2 1 6 0 K W
PM = OM tan(pi = 2 1 6 0 X t a n 4 3 . 9 4 ° = 2 0 8 1 . 5 2
IS. ON=OM+MN=OM+PS= 2 1 6 0 + 5 0 0 . 1 1 1 = 2 6 6 0 . 1 1 I K W
APRS-<fl, RS=Pstan(pM= 5 0 0 . 1 1 IXtan 67.375°=1199.96 KVAR
NR = NS - R S = PM - R S = 2 0 8 1 . 5 2 - 1 1 9 9 . 9 6 = 8 8 1 . 5 6
AONR-ifl NR = ON tan(p2
=>2660.111Xtan(p2
= > 2 6 6 0 . 1 1 tan(p2
.-. 2 6 6 0 . 1 1 tan(p2 = 8 8 1 . 5 6
881.56
^tan(p2 = 2 g 6 o m = 0.3313.
=> (p2 = t a n - 1 0 . 3 3 1 3
^ 18.335°
*t. .-. Cos(p2 = Cos 1 8 . 3 3 5 ° = 0 . 9 5 (^l)
Contents
ft^sTn? W t t ? ^^MMA ^«1^f^ ivS«\

w m : ii.ft.fe : 1 5 0 0 K V A , 900kw, 0 . 6 ' m f t l W t t (?W ( J T t ^ t t e R J t ? W f t ? 0 . 9 »mt»tl-«i|
Wit? ifl?^ ftHc^HI>( -srB? •5f«5PiT«t "WIT 4 5 0 K W 4t^*t TOT I CTTTB? *ft«P{lt? W t t ?
0 . 9 I J t f t V i i l ^ & f t ^ "Î^r-ft^TCiFPTt^ XBOT *tT^3?rt? W f t ? KVA ft*i^ ^ I C T f T O ? ^mPfsp C ^ i l l -
t ? T ^ ? NMPtCÎ • 'o\b
W*fPT: O M N
t = T ^ C^^, OP = 1 5 0 0 K V A
ffvSTlT? W t t ? , Cos<pi = 0 . 6
(pi = C o s - 1 (0.6) = 5 3 . 1 3 °
W i t ? , C0S(P2 = 0 . 9 ( ^ l ) R
.-. (p2 = Cos-1 (0.9) = 2 5 . 8 4 °
AOMP-i£I OM = OP Coscpi = 1 5 0 0 X 0 . 6 = 9 0 0 K W
PM = OM tancpi = 9 0 0 X t a n 5 3 . 1 3 ° = 1 1 9 9 . 9 9 KVAR
Im ii.c.Js
ft5TC3HK"srBi3i? c w a s :
ft«l?I?, P S = 4 5 0 KW
O N = O M + M N = 9 0 0 + 4 5 0 =1350KW
AONR-iil, N R = O N tan(p2 = 1 3 5 0 Xtan 2 5 . 8 4 °
= 6 5 3 . 7 8 KVAR
R S = N S - N R = PM - N R = 1 1 9 9 . 9 9 - 6 5 3 . 7 8
= 5 4 6 . 2 1 KVAR
ftsrcamw ' i t e ? c<p%i£i
PR = V P S 2 + R S 2 = V 4 5 0 2 +546.212 = 707.71KVA
ft^TOifHW "sife? *t1vs?1? "Wit?
PS 450
Cos (Dm = p r = 7 0 7 ? 7 T = 0 - 6 3 6 ( f t ^ l )
ON 1350
(?TlTO?'nf^ C ^ i i l , O R = . = 1 5 0 0 KVA.
•Cos(p2 0.9
w m : ii.ft.io: 92.4% w o i > r t ^ ^ i200Kwft5TOimm^?i? c ^ ^ i 1500 m ^ m p u
m l B W?''rRl? "JpJlt? 0 . 9 1 8 ^ m f t l - i i l ^ ^ 1 W?'rH1? « « T ? (over-all) C ^ i i l
2 9 8 0TOTW ? * ! ! ^ a t l l l ^ f l ^ ? ! ? CîX) vg ^^j^ W i t ? C?? Wl I
W«fPT S ft-UvfrHH ' i t e ? C T O J M N
ft*R3FRm ^ ^511^^ = 1200KW
^ T ^ , Ti = 9 2 . 4 % = 0 . 9 2 4
ftTO^rm^t^T^
^511^^ 1200
PS = = 1298.7KW
W51 0.924
R
ft^wn^ ^ cîxi
3
.1
P R = 1 5 0 0 KVA
I ftrozFHPnrB? »n<3?i? W i t ?
»/
I
Contents
«P.ft C s r f ^ -
PS 1 2 9 8 . 7 ^„^^,f^.
COS(PM = P R = 1 5 0 0 = 0 - 8 6 5 (Wf^)
= (pM = C o s - 1 (0.865°) = 3 0 . 0 2 °
^^nf^Ns CîiJ, O R = 2 9 8 0
fT«?m( Wl%?, Cos<p2 = 0 . 9 1 8 ^ ? , (P2 = C o s - l ( 0 . 9 1 8 ) = 2 3 . 3 6 °
ON = O R Cos(p2 = 2 9 8 0 X 0 . 9 1 8 = 2 7 3 5 . 6 4 , (MM t t ^ m , OM = ON - M N =ON - P S .

=> OM = 2 7 3 5 . 6 5 - 1 2 9 8 . 7 = 1 4 3 6 . 9 4 K W
AONR-<i), NR = ONtan(p2
= 2735.64Xtan23.36°
= 1181.55.
APRS-iil, R S = P S tancpM
= 1298.7Xtan.30.02°
= 7 5 0 . 4 1 KVAR
PM = N S = N R + R S
= 1181.809+750.41
= 1 9 3 2 . 2 1 6 KVAR
OP = V O M 2 +PM2
= V 1436.942 + 1 9 3 2 . 1 6 ^ = 2 4 0 8 K V A
^ , OM 1 4 3 6 . 9 4
Cos<pl = Q p = - 2 4 0 8 r
= 0 . 5 9 6 lagging
wm -ii.tf.ii 8 2 0 0 k w « 9 1 % TfWRr ifi^sf^ R ^ t * H I * f ^ 0.8 »mftl f t e ^ Wtl?

8 o o k w iflwfl? cTO? •tfinptf^r^ I ' T B r f ^ •rr>OTm w r ? ^ 0.92 *ft^
WlH 8
W l H 8 f5iHt*Hl*l "SfB? ^5[1^«j^ = 2 0 0 k w
„ Wot = 9 1 %
^~P^-0.91
= 219.78kw
cm *ttvS?t?l, oM = 8 0 0 k w
Tt^QÎ? WT^B?j, Cos<p_i=0.8 eUtftl
.-. (Pi= Cos = (0.8)= 3 6 . 8 6 °
»Pll4l3<t, Cos(p2= 0 . 9 2
.•.=Co«p_2 (0.92)= 23.02°
Contents
itîmi ^^^w^ \'\^\^ ivss>
AOMp-iil PM = OM tancpi = 8 0 0 X t a n 3 6 . 8 6 ° = 5 9 9 . 7 8 kvAR

AOMN-iira, ON= OM+MN= 8 0 0 + 2 1 9 . 7 8 = 1 0 1 9 . 7 8 kw
NR = ON tan(p2 = 1 0 1 9 . 7 8 x t a n 2 3 . 0 2 ° = 4 3 3 . 2 9 1 IkvAR
R S = NS - NR = 5 9 9 . 7 8 - 4 3 3 . 2 9 1 1
= 1 6 6 . 4 8 kvAR
PlWCiiUHH i^m kvA
PR=VPS2+RS2
= V219.782+166.482
= 2 7 5 . 7 1 5 kvA.
Ps 219.78
Coa = — = •
PR 275.715
= 0.797
w m i îp^ ^ - i W H m (?rm g o o k w «flii • t m r a i m t i o . e 'mPt^ i ^sti'stmrn

Iî^Qifjihh CsrfBl TO ^5rf%1^ 4 5 0 k w (MS vfl^lTHR^ I t S i m "^Tl^ 0 . 9 'm^Vfl
OM-900kw
Cos (pi = 0 . 6
.-. = C o s - l (0.6)
= 36.86°
MN = p s = 4 5 0 k w
Cos (pi = 0 . 9 ^!#tl
.-.(Pl = C o s - l (0.6)
= 2 5 . 84°
PM = O M t a n d i
= 9 0 0 X tan 36.86°
= 6 7 4 . 7 5 KvAR
ON = OM + MN
= 900 + 450
= 1 3 5 0 kw
NR=ONtan(P2
= 1 3 5 0 X t a n 2 5 . 84°
= 6 5 6 . 7 7 kvAR
R S = pM-NR
= 674.75-653.77
= 2 0 * 9 7 kvAR
PR = p s + R S
= 4 5 0 + j 2 0 . 9 7 = 4 5 0 . 4 8 <2.66° kvA
Cos (p = Cos 2.66° = 0 . 9 9 8 9 ( I ^ O
Contents
i8o
til^ltcB^S |>IHCig»Hl>i ^ s."!^ l i l ^ cm tW4l5*MH C^rrro? Tf^TIt?' W f t ?

Wi:^ m i ?lf5[?5 c^n^ bHIWN W M ? J W 5 ^ ^''PT ^51^ Pi'ICiihHH ^ i t e ? ^ ?mRf
>i)î^ciJ\b ftRismfi "sfB? c^n^ *i<i(i?i f 5 # i ft^Tmi w t e TOT c^rtro? ?r
«1I^W? ft'SÎ? Wt8? w m ? T ? ^ ^ ^ a v f s T v S K ^ l>IHti4'MI>l I
(^) ^SJ#!P WtllftUwU 'IKIWT I
(*t) cm m\^Qo'\^\m mm w i t ? ^s[?r w n "?rm i

0^) ftRCIFl^ "SfB? <(J<1^1< w;? I *
^5jt®i^ vi)îtcB\b ftîcamm "siB? ^'spr «iitwl ^ s t e ? *tJl¥B ^ ftHCiiJ-HI^J <)»'IC^H>II6^< * t J l ^ "TICBI ^ I
vjjl ftHO»HI>l Wîl^ î^^lc^^>rg?NWIC^^?

^B^« i*lltCHiJ ^ Ijr^HlW TO C? (?rtOT? fT^STH? w i t ? ^p5T-^^?r« TO ^ ^ ? ^ 'TIJ?!^
TO r
SI »Nll? >S»(iiM? etHJ Wt*llPl'iJM^ cW^*(?c«t??Jli}%iC?Pt^j?^l??s?T^?
^ « ttoimi w i t ? ^ p T R ? w ?sjiiiPi'i5wii cs^ ?nifî c?1^ ? j ? ^ ^ ^ I ?n?^
^mci\ mi f??l? firfTOR:^ c ® ^ ? n # i - m ?sjtiif>ii3« I H ? g s ^ ?
^ « ft^WI-HM 11^?1? W t t ? ^ f t f ^ l ^ I
^1 ^jlfD^ Wt'ilPi'Ew^ ^ i i l i i Piiwi-hh ^pitwi'^lw^ ^ « J T t % ?
^ » ^8jl1B?s w t f l f t B ? »f1«?1? W i t ? % ? W ? WCSF ? J ? ^ ^ 1 m R t ? ^ TOT ^ ? T ? ^ ?5?t
?1? ^ I Pl-^d^HI*! ?5J1TOsprTC?? ?5C?^ ^ TOT ?I ' p ^ C^ - ^ - ^ S ^ l ^ l TO ^t^RH?
?MT??s?i?i?i
iol *ltnJ4 W I I I P i U M ^ I 'J*!-!!*! |5|'it*l'il>l «Ht*'<»IIW4 '*l>lR«fTl^
^ » Pi^tîHi*! •*'it\!9.|>iiw^ \<f?r^ ^ i ^ «tt?5nr ^^f^rt^ ^ ^ i i 1 ^ ^ , ?«fi *m ^ i
^<IFftHCufl'HW?5Jl1li*l'5W<1 cm ^ l ^ ^ «I1W?I ^ 5 # 5 spyf-?;? ^ I
Contents
tt^STrm fpJ^ ^î^M-A i8i
% r # ^ "^ftf^fB? H * f t i ^ H i - c % * R ipji^Hc^ mi 9mm\^ i^^TCs^m HHI^
^ 8 ii.v5^°v^5i^p:B5Vf cprS18 i i . ^ ^ l ^ 5 f ^ C B ^ ( ? T ^ I
8 1 .^jlfiJ-îmilPi'BM^ >il*,ic»ij f^^lM 3-l'fl'«IHM CSTt^ 8 0 0 k w >il1«. ' r ^ Q ? l n T O t % l 0 . 6 6 Trff»r^ I P t H C W - l l l "stBI TO

^?5jl ITêfSItl 0.92 •9><il 9^ I Piitifl«lil-^ iiiSw^ 500 k w l ^ ' f e ' ^ I
•^)?5Bf!rRt?I^KVA
'«t) I r o m m ^s^m KVA
«t) i T O F R m ' T B O T tt^Tltl i s j t t ^

WCPT g
P = OM = 8 b 0 k w
Cos(|)l = 0 . 6 6
I t , (t)i = C o s - l (o_66)
= 48.7°
Cos(|)2 = 0 . 9 2
I t , (t)i = C o s - l ( 0 . 9 2 )
= 23.073°
MN = 5 0 0 kw
Contents
R S = OM tan(l)i - (OM + MN) tan(l)2 . -

= 8 0 0 X tan48.7° - (800 + 500) tan23.073°
= 3 5 6 . 8 4 7 VAR
. ON OM + MN
(^) rnm^ ^ KVA. O R = ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^^^^^
800 + 500
^'*-'^~tan23.073°
= 3 0 5 1 . 7 9 KVA
('f) S j T i c h r o n o u s m e t a r KVA
P R = V p s 2 + R S 2 = V5002 t 3 5 6 . 8 4 7 2 = 6 1 4 r v A
Ps
('t) SjTiMotor pf, C o s p m
= | ^ = 0.814ftt%°s
C5if5?f c*lHb»l^ 1>«1'4I< ' W F ^ t ! B ft^Q^t? 9 0 R>(.»il<3?f& m i Îtifolcaî R<r^ ^5t^«, I5t*t 6 3 0 Volt I
^ i w i c ^ c ? i f ¥ s p i ^ « t T *(?T W T O f csnte? m i 'rrsTrm wiH? TO?
(130.43A. 0.995)
W T J T - o 8 m f & 1 ^ C T O 1 1 K V % 1 ? <plti<p*fH"Wrt P i i d f l - h h C^lfB? ^ I f q h 6 0 A ^plwnJ CTTTI s j t ^
^ Pt-^c^HM %n?sBi5jm ? « t K ^ I Q «il?l 2 5 Q , 0 . 8 lagging p o w e r f a c t o r m
^f^*!J>M<^ >Q C^ms iflTCCTORT l t ? ^ ft«f5r W f I ( 9 5 7 1 . 9 5 V , 12.150)
• W U t - S 8 W C^<£i m ftHW-HI*! •*'<C^bH»iM AiAA\< ^^v^ 2 4 0 0 C ^ > i l m ^ U t f t l 0 . 6 7 ^tt^QÎ? <«l%n
0 , 9 5 ÎJtf»ri ifl ^ f l ^ TO I ^51?^ csrf5 «il W ? ( 1 6 9 0 K V A )
wm-<t 8 cm <;>M'»IHIil 0 . 6 ' m f t I troÎt? W t t e 9 0 0 1 ^ R ? l T « l r f & a(^«t W f c ^ 1 «il?sf& # P T O i F H t ^ CsrfB?
<^j<^l< TO l^.ftr c e i H l « l 5 < ' s b t i i w m i t T ^ m w t t ? ! ^ 0 . 9 2 ^ i r t f t i «ii ^ f t ^ "SFTO i
ftnCiiJ'HI*! C'TtiS? 2501^s??fT^lrf& a(^«t TO I TO m <n c?if&i m i m "fT^Tmi wtt? w ?
( 7 5 4 K V A R , 0.332)
wfiT-'b 8 cm 1 % w ^ N K t r r 0 . 6 «mf»fi fTêimf w i t e ? 1 4 4 0 f % c 5 n « ? f B ftijf*. «t^«t TO
r>iHc>»Hi>i csrfs? 0 . 8 f t i ^ i ^ i m r TO *tmi?wtt? 0 . 9 TO ) cîiBcii^ i f a m
W ? (991.11KW)
Wnt-«^ 8 3 7 . 3 t % l ? l T ^ ? f 5 , 4 4 0 0 5 t % , 5 0 >II^C<J>*l/CTO5^ % 5 T ^ CsrfS?. 8 9 % m i
8 5 % ' u t f t i •r^s?1?•wI?tew^ w r c ^ iw c ^ i »m iw "siiti:3Fmr?iT<5 m w r i i f t ' B M c®»5r
<>'lH4>*fT (yt?:^ W W W n ? T 1 T ^ l ? H *^Jl4t><:^<l -»n^ 0 . 9 5 ^ l > f l ^ i ^ TO? ( 1 2 . 1 9 k v a 6 6 . 8 leF)
w m - v 8 «ii^f*f?rw?Km 0 . 7 0 7 ^ m f t i n h Q r m r w t t ? 3600KVAC5rm^5rtc^, i ^ ^ w w ? 9 0 %
•Jnt^»IT^3?t?WttTOS 0 . 9 3 7 ^mftl ^ ^ f l ^ W i t ? AiAHi^TOfC?? W f 8 (^) I n p u t K V A

R a t i n g ("T) tif ^ s j ^ <i(^l>MHM Power factor. ( 2 5 6 5 . 2 K V A ) 0 . 7 0 7 )
wm-s> 8 i f l F ^ 1 % w ? « t t ^ c^ms 9 0 0 K W m i »rt^?t? w t t s t 0 . 6 w t f » t i ^ ? s t ? ' » t t ^ - f l ^ Pi^ti^HM
cviU^ A>LA ^f^R'fi. 4 5 0 K W c ^ t t ^ ? ^ m i ^ m j ^ vjti< o.owtftii^^f^wius
TO! ^ ''^tcm wn ^ ft'ic^.Hl-H csif5?^ »ft><3?t? wit? t f ^ m ^ ? ! ? i ; ^ TO m i m
KVA^^?5^TO?/
[tB^8 0 . 6 3 7 9 ftf^!, 7 0 6 KVA ]
Contents
t t ^ m w i t ? ^pwra ^ f [ ^ iSvS
Tift TJjflifSps c*lU«»H ire?T? W t t ? 0 . 9 ^ TOT CrfB? W R l T ^ f ^ •ftf^l f^?7t?sfB^ KVA ^8

*fta?t? w t t ? 1%*f? Wf I
[ i S ^ S 2 8 . 9 KVA cos(t)=.866]
w m - i i 8 l o o K w cm:®? f r a ? ! ? w i t ? 0 . 5 ^mft^ <:«^ 0 . 9 «mfti ^ w i ^ ^ripm^
W T t t f t t e ? KVA C?lf&l W 5 ^j:??
[ ^ 8 1 2 4 . 8 KVA]
W M - i ^ 8 msl^ ^ f5|HC>^lHl>i CTfB? 0 . 8 'Ulftl W i t ? 8 0 0 0 K W CeitTO? 'TTW W 3 ? H
TliPlTt î^lr^ I (>iHOi>»HI*T CsrfSoi? Pl«t^ 1 5 0 K W m i m i£l"^t^C&*t^ (ili)»(^lW i£lTnE?|% ?s?1
-sjf T i ^ w t i m i ? w t t ? 0 . 9 3 «mf»ti ^ f 1 ^ I ^ MA\\n cuiBw kva t ^ - ^ '£i?i m
•^•^t? w i t ? 1%*f? Wf I
[ i S ^ 8 2 7 0 . 4 KVA 0.55.8 ftt^l]
WM-iv5 8m ^ ( ? m 4 0 0 V , 5 0 c / s CSlfB? ^SJlt C < ^ 0 . 6 ^mftl *ft^?1? W t t ? 5 0 A W131% a j ^
w ? i tii^n; «*>c^>nn cviUw^ *iiî*iif^ 'Tic?m?sT3r m i m i ? w t t ? o . o ^ u i f ' f i ' q ^ f t ^ w i t ^ i
v»l^c«i w s t t ? wt'llPifiJ 1%*f? w r I
8 202.9|1F]
w m - i 8 8 m ^ 1 % w ? « r p m r 0 . 7 ûifti*i^s?i?wttc? 2 2 0 0 k w c s n ^ ? ^ w i c ^ i isooKVAml?^
PiHt*HI*1 ^ * ) R ! > R > S ' 1 2 0 0 k w C5!t^4(35:??f?Z?51 4l??IHI? ( ^ ) * l t ^ ? t ? w i t ? ( ' ^ ) ^
KVAl^?Rfl
•»RR«(t^8
O M = 2 2 0 0 kw
Cos(t)i = 0 . 7
(j)l = Cos-1 (0.7)
= 45.57°
PR=1500KVA
PS = 1 2 0 0 KW
P M = O M tan(t)i = 2 2 0 0 X t a n 4 5 . 5 7
= 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 KVAR
R S = V P R 2 - PS2 = V 1 5 0 0 2 - 1 2 0 0 2 = 9 0 0 KVAR
N R = P M - R S = 2 2 4 4 . 2 1 4 - 9 0 0 = 1 3 4 4 . 2 1 4 KVAR
O N = O M + P S = 2 2 0 0 + 1 2 0 0 = 3 4 0 0 kw
ON
(?s) Cos<i)2 = ^
3400
"3656.07
= 0 . 9 2 9 load
('«I)'1^KVA
OR =VON2 +NR2
= V34002 + 1 3 4 4 . 2 1 4 2
= 3 6 5 6 . 0 7 KVA
Contents
i88 iS.I^ cs»f%^-;j.

W m - i e : f^src?p^ 3 7 . 3 kw, 4 4 v , , 5 0 C P S t ^ l 4 " H 'TBTSRI W 5 t 8 9 % *fl1^ ttQlRT Wt^ff 0 . 8 5
i7tf»t^ I i m * i t ( ^ U M ^ K V A w TOi AiTT?:^ i 5 j t * r f ^ r 5 i • s p m r n n • t r ^ m •?Fjt%? 0 . 9 5 «mf»t«' ^
tBft^ TO?
W ( H :
^sfl^-^ = 3 7 . 3 k w
VL = 4 4 0 V
P =
Wot
f=50HZ.
37.3
= 4 1 . 9 1 kw w m , n =89%
0.89
15Tt<11îl5l I T t ? , ^ KVAR = 0.89
= P(tancpi - tan(p2) Coscpi = 0 . 8 5
= 4 1 . 9 1 (tan 3 1 . 7 8 ° - t a n 1 8 . 1 9 ° .-.(PI = Cos-l (0.85)
= 41.-91(0.619-0.328) = 31.78°
= 12.19 Cos(p2 = 0 . 9 5
.-. (P2 = C o s - l (0.95)
= 18.19°
• i s j t t t t ^ t e i tt-em ^
KVA = KVAR = 1 2 . 1 9
« # A-^sjitc«tll3Wtl -srt^ TO = 66.80 X 3
= 2 0 0 . 4 UF.
Contents
: ^ * I < ^ - H -sre? ( 1 - 9 , I n d u c t i o n m o t o r )
C?! -si^ mew 'ii, ft >?I'I<?1C^< >1l^lC^j i f ^ b M - l l ?5?t ^ C3T 'IWi V|)3<W l-<p, " S I ^TOfI 3-(p
t^5i^*f^'5te?-sgm -sit^ vs ^rt^ i (TgTJra mew ^3^^%?, s fte^ mi
cw ^-=1 ^ 1 i-(p -stB? c?1î ^tn?«t^ m ^ ^^^rsi? cse? wr TO fte^ 1 'sr^
v)Jl'i*PJl<t>t>lRl (WHlft <
tî|lW l-(p -si^ ^TOC^•silW? C^l 1 W^^^ ?t W? CTO
w ^5#7f ^ftm^TCo?, -^rttf, ftf W3'«fW, v s T n ¥ » f t mm ÎFPFS, ?mtf?^ S I M R
'TTc? I twtf^
wmm? « ( f ? ^ ?mi? c^f'^ft -^mj 1 ^
M<îB<» % t cîft^, ft^ c^?rra îm? twtf^:^ i - c p ^rsif
?mt?wfTî
l-q) "sr^? CWP %lf&?, ^ .
•'Ji:?^ ^ I W l b ' F l Sfte^ m i WlUÎU ^XW=1C«t

^ ^ y l C ^ CT, lil^sl^ l-(p - s t e lil^sl^ vSTTltf^l
^ I 1 ^ *m?^ "ste? c%k? i^<wi^ c^îrf ^ c%te IFt^ ^ ftf^
^sjc^ (asix) ^'^^ iwOS^ft?5c
£Hi (Tftil^ if??«5r ^ « rfe^ ?t firors
( P u l s a t e ) ^^?e^ «
fK^ I IM^llPm C ? l t e (W^ W tlW ^ m i C?f5? ^^c? ^ r
wote? ?m ft, m fTistl^ ^< •:f(itcTOr I F T ^ c?iteCTcîc^sj TO ^ ^
C?f5?I f r o We?^ m t e ^ TOT C?lte vs ^?5l^ |Ft^-ê,f^ ^ I lilt Citf&? i P l ^ mi C % t ? IFte^

fmt?^ t aRTt? TOT C ? l t e ^ ^ mi C ? l t ? •î?! I 1 ^ C^"^ ^ < ^ T l t C T O l
C?lte ^ ^ W^ fit'te'll^f ? t f t ^ WW TO ITOl C?f5? ^5(Ht? Sc*B|fîC "lê^
"51? I -5^*0^ ^5f1?r^ lC®tll5« ^ < ^ > T f e ^ ise^T I 50C/S % f C ? f t ^r???tC^ l O m s t ? t ?
mi (Tfttt^ ^<>ii^w«i ^Mf^^ ^ n£r« ^ w ? c?f5? tcitrDô ?t c^^\^ ^< ^ntcroT?
i ^ A 8 ^5l?sf I^N»«iR)i t«he1? (Double field Revolving T h e o r y )
jm ((p) îT?n 2 ( f % t m ?5?t c?co
^ wc^ ^ mi ste^sK^
' T C ? I ?iw? 2icvsj<^n;< 'im w ^
ftfiTOJFt^ f ? t f ^ 1 ^ Tûo sfn:^ I <tciT Tpwrs nn^ mi ^sRite ?5n ^ ?it?s
^s?P^ I ^ W?e«t C ?1i5? ^ ^ ^ I C ? 1 ^ % ^ 5 R ^ lil^^'Be^ «lf|;^^

^ I wi^f *fi^ ic<iii55)c«i» c? (W^ msfte^ ^3%? tw^T 'ii^ ^ ^ cfc^ mu^ mi
v s p ^ wrc^ «rrc^ w?T c?!^ c? msfros
*}?1 1- (p, t ' S l ? ^ ^T5e?? C%^>lR^>l*)^M Cô|C^>Sf >W<1^K Cil^?1? IPt^
(p = (pm C o s 2 7 t f t
ej27tft + e " J 2 " f t
= <Pm 2 ^
± cpm e J 2 " f t ^ e - J 2 " f t •

2
J
I
9m
Contents
isvjj iii.15r c#m-;^

(i^,^.i) 'if!^«f W c i i H im CT, ^ ^?.-»t Tlc^t m^ ^ i t i l ^ 1 i t f t ^ tes ^ I
Y"
*4)^sine
(E)
iÂ^^f5ai1^pnf « R l T i r ? F A < 3 B # 5F1^ H I MfiH^sj-j^nSoH ^ ( p j n / 2 l i H ^ H s O H I^HSFCR H ^ ^ ^ f B H

l l t f t ^ t e s ( c c w ) i i l l ^ l f ^ ' # f B | l 1 ^ ^ I i ^ . ' ^ (a) f S M 5F1^ TORf ' i ' f H C ^ H 6 = 0 , t ^ W f «Rl
A <3 B 3 F t ^ l«fl3KST e l i l l l - e ^r?T ^StCiil ^ I P t ^ TO
<t»R = 2 > ^ X C o s 2 - = <PmCose (KA.'^)
^ w i mi e= 90° ^5f<K cq^ c^t?ifBk H t c r o r 5F1^ I

<PR = (Pm C o s e = (Pm C o s 9 0 ° = 0
' ^ T O t H ^ i ^ . ' ^ ( c H ^ f ^ C ' i H l R t ^ t ^ l ^ 5 i ^ ' l ^ l W 2 | f ^ | P t C ^ e = 180° <:®^*fc^^1PT^,
<PR = ( p m C o s 1 8 0 = - c p m . "5?:i
im H . ^ ( d p v t o CîH^TOi:^ I
e = 270°C5, ^ I P t ^ , ( P R = (Pm C o s 2 7 0 = 0
e = 3 6 0 ° 05 ^ I P m ( P R = ( p m C o s 3 6 0 = (pm ^ i K f i ^ . ^ ( e ^ l fTOH C f f H M ^ I Cl^^ 9
Contents
Hw leKWi c i t e i 1^1 ' s ' ^-^Jt^ • # ? ^ Q i l ^ iFtisra wtlJwi^lat (2-s)

•^tw I ^ ji>ic^4 ^5!fi?ra wr cif5?i Hit ^ ^ I «i?rt HIS TR^QH^ m%.
^5ilT>fH ^tf^ cite tt^Hl (Rotor Power developed)
R P D = ( ^ ) I R 2 R R
IR = ClfBl <j>\C^^
= CirfBl Clt^tjH
.'. cite^«,t^'B^
•2JIN 27iN
RPD IR'^RR.I-S
-
N = Cltel tlrom = Ns(l-S)
1 R = Q.ITM - O.TThS ^ s
1
2
IR2RR X 1 - S
IR =2JINS(1-S) '2iN;
IRRR
I R 2SR R
2 S N ^ US
T R = K.
/. d t e i ' ^ ' Q i t ^ ^
2
IRRR
2
IRRR
iflllHl^'61t»T5ls^Tb =-K-7r-=-
1^ ClfBl Hr^, ^<'R s = 1
.•.Tf=K.lR^RR
Tb = -K.lR2RR
.-. ^HTR=Tf+Tb=0
^<(t^ 1-9 •stel Cite ^^*t5 ^ Wf -sfBl 1 ^ W ltd H 1 '^•^ ClfBUT^
TER^H^ tes 9m t^t ^S-'^^^j 9ftW TOt W^ltiS 'B^ H5U5 H^ I
^HjIiC* Htls^Sli^ lat HW H^ liJll Tf HC?|s I ^^tWl î:^ ClfBl W^lX^ te
Clockwise
Contents
: » ( j l ' 1 f ) ' 5 l 5 , R f l ^ ^ (Cross m a g n e t i s i n g tiieory)

îWlJl^fitlfShof ^l-i^ltW l-(p-site? C ^ t e >lit<Hlli(C^|t»?lW CT c ^ f ^ # e ? i % 5 r
I P I ^ (cps) m ^ C?lte ^ I P M ((PR) ^ ^ CifC^ 9 0 ° TO I (3f&?
(Cross-field) ^C^TI ^ ^ m\ ^ •5MIWL3T^C>s?«f^ ^-"smne^ltlÔSp^ TOI I

1X11 wisI^C>Sf«t5T f^holt ?T fst'sft? >iI«,lCTl l - ( p t ® l W R " s t e ? t ^ l 1 ^ l ' 5 ¥ ' ^ m i (W^
Rotating single-phase induction motor ' 12.3(B)

f i a i - i ^ . v s (?S) f53t- i^.vS ('»()
«t?t 'i^wt^ to i-<j) t ^ 5 t ^ * P t " s t e ? c?F5? ^^fet? top " s t o (W3"m ^ i TOT
m l ^ m ((Ds) ^ TO ^-iÎ^^ ^ c?'«rr ??it?? c ^ t o ? ^ ? m to m i f ^ ^
? t 5 | i ^ . v s (?s) îtiisi (jr«ttwt ^ I^ m wl'i3^c<^ ^ TO TOT c ^ t o c^ssic^Sf ê,»t^ ^ i
lii^ c^stiiê^ ft^ c ? l ^ <i»*l'Cc« ?ifTO? top c<i'«rti?rt ^^?iic^ i c?it? c^sictef? to
W l i ^ ^ a m : ^ w r C?1t5? 5Fm (1)R ^ I c e t e r a t^^M^JTCT? C?Pt ^ê^r? (1)R, (Ds
firm 9 0 ° C ^ . ^ n ma i ^ . O ("f) ^ l to CtHlCTt ^ I Cirf^ 1 ^ C ? ^ ^Jrf^ 9 0 ° OS ^
^t^'t^fw faRTi? TO t?*mr, ^ I 'fl't^ W ^ ^m^ff?^ fen? w r ftwa^m
^ msf^ ^ ( m g ? ^ ^^n^ "srm wfSji^ i f^t ^ cfc^ 1 ^ TO m mi
C^lC*SC'St? •srR TO I ?«Tt? ?R'»t ^ (7SI5? F l ^ TOt^ TOT C ? t o ^s.^^
C^»IC<^®T •j^rc^t^ I ispr L ^ . W C ? ^ ^ c ^ s t c ^ ^ 9 0 ° cs TO I m i izprfw I P M (DR ^ ^ i
t ^ . 9 0 ° <i? ^ (1)R ^YN:#5 ^ I ^ g ^ i m i C?f5? ^î^W? m f ^ ^
^ ^ I W c ? t e ? Tj-^r? to i p : ^ «ttc?s I c?to? ^ # 1 ? to m # ^ ^<if^ ^
m i c?f5? ^ 1 ? ^ «tii3s I
C?f&? % «ttTOr, CWR ^ 1 ^ 1 : ^ ^ ^ ^ I TOT c S t e ? IMWiBi ( P u l s a t i n g )
JFKm C^lte CW^ t ^ i ^ »ft^ I
i;t.8 til?^ ^ W l t w f ^ ^^rîc^ (List o f m e t h o d s o f m a k i n g s i n ^ e . p h a s e
m o t o r self, s h a r t i n g )
t % « ( l w i f b ^ *S.ijlc^CT i H ) ^ t e ? c s t e m # t ^ ^ s ? i t f ^ i - s n C T 5 T O r ^ c w % t 1 ^ i ^ ^ i
%tftf^ iS<lCh? C W ^ l (Self-starting) ?5?tt i ^ -
i . H f t 5 CW ^8tiT»l (Split p h a s e s t a r t i n g m e t h o d )
^. W r t f t S ? % # i C5f«Ii5 ( c a p a c i t o r s t a r t i n g m e t h o d )
vs. ^tJtC^ CtH %tf?^l C5r«Ii5 ( S h a d d e d pole s t a r t i n g method)
8 . ^ f W ^ W l C5T««r5 (Repulsion s t a r t i n g method)
a. R-nklJjh %rl?fi C5r«t^ ( R e l u c t a n c e s t a r t i n g method)
Contents
^. 1wBc#PT CT«tv5 (Hysterasis s t a r t i n g method)

^ « f c i t ^ c 5 T 5 t 7 5 ? ^«Rr RJ!^W i-cp t5t^*R"sfBiw ^rf^twici GJ^^HPTm i
(1) H ^ f ? C15^ t^n>»R "sfBl (Split p h a s e ) i n u c t l o n motor.)
( i i ) ' ^ ' t r f ^ %fB't^1^*R "SI^ (Capacitor start induction motor)
(iii) ^ f l ^ f B i ^ ^ f t f ^ IH ^ (Capacitor s t a r t a n d c a p a c i t o r R u n motor)
(iv) f l f l ^ P ^ " ^ t^tl5«R "sfBi- (Repulsion s t a r t in duction r u n motor)
(v) cm ^ (Shadded pole motor)
(vi) ^Tt^sSim ^ ( R e l u c t a n c e motor)
(vii) R*ICi3Mi5|>| -sfBi (Hysteresis motor)
(viii) t ^ R ^ l W (universal Motor)
(ix) t l t W r W ^ (Repulsion s t a r t Motor)
(x) tl5fll%N W ' s f B i ( R e l u c t a n c e s t a r t Motor)
i;!..C : ^tfsfB t * l - * ' H "siSl (Split p h a s e i n d u c t i o n M o t o r )
1-(|) ^15<JC4' ^fg" CtfaTrm ^ H t ^ WH ^l^f^ 'Qlltfe'v ^ ^

lUls (Starting) '^Tlltf^°v H H ^ j W t f (Auxiliary) ^Tlltf^^ IT^T I ' t e l " ? ^ ^Tlltf^?,-!:^
^¥ltfe^ (Main winding) H Itf^l Ûltfe^ IC^T I ^TTlt^lW 9 0 ° tW4lB<1>Jl«1 <PrfM
^ I Itf^l ^Trttf^l lil? ClfifSJtCTl ^^^Rm t ^ t ^ l ^ raiJHl5j1«l C # f sf^TIt ^ H ^ t H l l^Kl^ (Im I t
IR) C^»IC^^C<f m ^0° TO I^ ^Tlltf^°v m Clt*f, RlJK'UjlC'HH ^^STHl Clf^ lt«ft ^
H ^ îSH (i j I t lA) ^ - W f a <MÎ<Mf^ «ftC^ I ^l^tW^C^t I Îttf^l m ^ liRl
%:51 ^ I ^'i<lHC<t> Itf^^ ^Tlttfel-iill ^ ^'Wf^ Csrt&t mi. Clf*t %tC51 ^ I lî ^TTltf^v
^?C&1 f ^ T O l ^'î ^ i ^Htfel "SP^ H t r o i iHCTt I ^Tlttf^lW
I J I ^ I M I M ' ^ T O I 1 -<j) <=1ltW< ^yrf^ ^ ? j H t i 'sfBl %f5^^-sm t l ^«ft«« t ^ t l t t T O ' t fiftl 75%-^
c ^ i t ^ i t ^ W^'QHtt^'v ^cBicv)!i;<>^»i(.il.ft C ^ m -
l(.<^<>QiM^\6^ % ? i ? ^rm^ oi-^ -^m^ ICTff^Bf^TH^ m i to ^«c?i^ %rt5i ^

(Close) 1 1 ^ I
H f t 5 c w s t o ? i-(|)'ra??Rto%tl?imi?i1î^T]iîsf?tfl>o wc?^?«rt^ im ^?Tfl>s
"5? I ^ W : ? ! ^ ^ cSte (ps ^ (pm IFH ^ "5? I ^ IPt^
^ ^ ? W ( : ? t o wo!?i? w ^ c ^ t o ^ ^ ' t ^ m i c?^^
•i
f i a i - i^.fl- ( t ) H f t ^ c w " s t o ? vsmisfm
(f) H f ^ c w ^ t o ? C o t ? ^ s m w m c^m^ ^ i im is ?«rt5Ksi v c^fc^

0s*iiî0mcff^ni^nÎ"sto?«II^H«I»TC?Î,VC^0^mtcii«rri?rtîimis
m ^*o?# OC I t i ^ t o "5?^ S i n m ^^tfl^ ^=^511^11!%^ 1 ^ « f t « , -oc' -snj^ -Ji^ ^ ^trw
w TO I ^«fts, T o c l m i s Sinoc
H P i U w ' S t • s t o ? ' t f r o ^ 75%-tq C ' ^ I T ^ ( T r f ^ f ^ T H ^ ? t XwcjaNJlfCTl^ tor ^ t f t
%i1î TO«ic<> TO^ i ? t ^ w ? I '^'^ ^ ' t r c? ' s t o ? t f r o t 75% c ' f l ^ i w H t ? ^ ? f t '
% i f & i TOi^ cm mc't ^nt^ w f?f^ "5? W l TOfST c ? c ^ tn:? m i ^ s r s j f ^ w i : t ? ^
i t f t i T O f S T < 3 ^ T O c ? ^ trc? 1
H f t t CW-site? ^ i f ^ ? F l ^
i. H P i U w e t - s t o ? W l m i ?i1îTORsra "SRi^rj c w cm 30° c«tc^ 40°TO«tic^ 1

^ ^sitî ^ ij^Mi\i9 ' s i w i 1 5 0 % c«tc^ 200% I
vs. %l1^l W r a ^ *f«ltei|vi9 W c ^ ^ B ^ 6 C«tC^ 8 '5? I
8. t t r o n 8 6 5 r . p . m C«ip 3 4 5 0 r. p.m. ^
<t. •^s-sj^st 4 0 w C«IC^ 2 5 0 w
vJi. fMI^ cm " s t e ? ' ^ S C ? ® ^ ^ 2 % C9lC?P 5 % "5? I "sr^ft?, ^ <P'^^jl^ "srS? ftpTtCT <ij<i9!va
"5^ 1
?P)^S
i.wr^(Fan)
^. i g W ? (Blower)
vs. C'rt^W&*tt*T •tW (Centrifugal p u m p )
8 . CTftC?B? ( S e p a r a t o r )
<t. vQTlJtPtl CsiftPT (Washing m a c h i n e s )
vjj. CVPH 5"^ (Small m a c h i n e t o o l s )
1. * J ^ ^ C^&'6tl(.^'B<| ( D o m e s t i c refirigerator)
V. CTOI? (oil b u r n e r )
15
Contents
I Auxiliory Winding
II it
2 i f
Centrifugal-
Switch
Wiring diagram of a c a p a c .
Itor-start split-phase motor.
>5. =.
Q
Low
Supply
0 o
Low,
I
Contents
Supply
-ÔQQQDQfi^-J/
r
>3] -
Contents
Contents
i«8 <i|.f% C ^ P R - ^
^ 5 ^ ? E » f »ii<i5i^ ^ m m 1 ^ 1 1 1 i ° v fircsft ^ i îi^ 1^^ ^ ^^ti^Bjm tif^tt ^ i c t i c s ^ ti°v m H ^•v'tw

^m®^ ^?«f ( S h a d d e d part) liill ^ f l ^ *tJ!U5^ ( u n s h a d d e d part) TOf i ÎTITO^
t i ^ jm, i«iT (IS) ^ *UTC5« "s^x^ $1 l i n i ^ m ^ ipm $2 ' • ^ ^ ^ 9 0 ° <^^tR^

U l H C ^ ^ ^ .1 ^ I F ^ W l ^ I F f ^ ^ [ i r « «ttW 1 ! ^ I F t W i l Ttl^'^rfl^ ^Rim ifM^ w ^
Crogi ^ ^ W C l f S l ^^^1*1 1 5 ^ TO, TOT c i t e t l ? ^ m\ C l f B l I T ^ ^ I
f^#rf^ s<mi>s "muss ctm ^ f B c n ispf s f = t i ^ witi

•il, 1%, m I C ^ ) ^ ^ < H ^ C T O T O a ^<C»f I ' S R jm ' t f l l W f l H i (^%1 H i ) I P C # f H C ^ ^ ' R ^ H l
••irtOTis irn:^ ^ i s ^ ci c o t c ^ ^ ^ ^ i J i c i ^ s t n ^ tot inc® ti^^ft jncm
^ ^ I TOT i i ^ i t i ^ i ci<iimii ^ iptc^ Wi^'sît c H ^ ^stR^tm:^ siHt^ ^ 1
Exciting Exciting Exciting
Coli Coil CoU
N N N
n
n n
(B)
f53f i ^ b - (^)'('r) (V)
^351751 A B IPt^ t t l H o i R l H i H i TOT, ^ " H l •»lTlf^l H T C ® ! I t H CFfGHl "^F^ «
TO H i iqii ^ "mm ^°vC»fi ipm t i t r o ® ^?j»ti HIHO ^ 1 i£it«TCi m^

t^C^ ^ ^ H H ClfBl H H ^ mi ClteiB¥ ^ I jm ^ H H l t H l ^ ^ f C ^ H^? ^ « f r « ,
' A B ' C « t C l s H S R ISH:^ H W ^ ' ' R C»tf^l TOIFf IFt^ ^^CH^H i I P C # f^ 1 ^?E»f l i ^ l t f ^ l
TOTC^-^m^^fC^^^g^lsvf^HClsi O C ^ I C ^ A , ACVIC^ B « s m B C « I C ^ C ^ ? j C * t 'i^f^;
«lil<I^CH<l TOf c i l ^ t ^ ^ f ^ C ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 5 ^ TO C i t e ^ mi ClfBl ^ I
•"tJlTOis c t m "STEITIF^:
v8. t ^ ^ a c H i j
8 . %lf5^?.'B?^155l
i . <3«11 C^Tt® • ^ t t l ^ ^
<». W s t 15?f ^ (50/^350/0)
IJIÔI: iH^, C'^, 5IH1 c o R J c i U i , «J»JH-$C«I'G< ÎI^ t l ? T ^ ^ lf|Cvo ^ n w i H W o
^1
Contents
t%*IH-l»l "sfB? (Repulsion m o t o r ) :

T^cm c^ f^,1% "Site? îic^biw^ •jum m!us ^ ^ p i s t ? m i W ^ 3M I 'te?
5 t » t ^ ^f? wit «?nw I cÛMti >ijiPic^^ cttc^TO^TwstCTt «nrciiw<i ^*fj
-E.M.F.
-Ciiinent
(a) (b)
fiai iC},.b-(«) (5)
fiai-i^.b- ^ • t t ^ f ? H t f^TI^f^ ' i t e ? fm .ctivsTn ^ I i t e ? glc»f? *rfif»R f l % ? ^ ?s?t ? t ? i

C%5? lij^tti^l ( E x c i t i n g ) 'ûm ^, 1% 'iWfs^ to 1 % ^ to 2 W f ^ WCSl^ ticaRl
^ ^ f r a N-Ctl5T m i % 5 'S' cnt^t ^ ^ l ^sit^t? Stîwrt? WtWf??t ( A c t i o n ) ÎC»fblCU Cv»lC*i3C€r<
^Î^SftWttît^ ÎWbK ^ s^lt^ ^ to W r a ^ 2t?tfl^ ^«Tlt? *lHifbN
^ ^ I *(lt»fbM 1 ^ witJwti ^ f c ? N ctt^t m i % 5 s cit??ra ^ TO «iimai ISI^CT? ^st??
ftC»t? "^P^tWB? ICSfl^vo m i ^TSJITC^ "^^t^sôft w ^ n l ^ ^<t^ to? ^
Tqjtnc^ m i c?fB? ^ t ( ? t 1 ^ 4 ^ m c ? ^ "s^^ TO t^Mt? c i n t e ^ ^ ^ « t ^ i?? ^
mKsn^^pc^fftsiî
^•9t^ ^ t e ? 3t*f 9 0 ° TO CTt TO liWltl^l TOIi^ ^, 1%, ^yra??t^ to *IIC5fbl< WSttC? ^ ^ 1 ^

1% (;îc*Oceni to m s t «tn:^ i ^sft^ T7?t? (yy) ^ f t c » f ? "^^stt? '©ft »tcs#5 m i ? t ^ f t ^
oiîtit) ' o f t ( ? T c n ) ^ ^ ?t5i (5) ^ i to ( ? r ^ 5 ^ t ^'<R3t^ ^ f w t ? ^ ' ^ w r ^ ' ^ + v e
m i - v e W 5 t t e F ? f cv»lc^»st « ^ TO ? t ? I ^ s p p i f o n : ^ 3 H 4 ^ T ? t ? ^ s ^ e wri'^tji:^ + v e m i - v e
«<>'4tBMii tvoitê? ^ TO ? t ? 1 TOf *iit5(bN to W 3 i ^ 2 t ? t f ^ ^ ^ m i *iicifbN ^ -sn I
Contents
i<^!} c 5 [ f t 7 R - ^
W ^ gM yy vii%>ra >Tf^ o ° m i 9 0 ° m
^ c o t ^ ^ mi c?f5? ? t
ÎCifbN f r o W r ? ^ a } ? n : ^ TOT gM v g f ^ AA'
^^rraFCT N c t H m i s c t H ^ bc^.v, w
("^) frog (?f«tiwt v£i«PT c^fs? N c t H N ctm
m\ f ? ? # o ^ m i c<ifB?['s' cm C%t5? 'S' c r m
m\ I TOi c?fB? T^rf^ ??f&m fros
W (w) ^ i frog ctftiM ^ I C%t5?
l i l f ^ C«IW g M o C«lr^ 4 5 ° f ^ ^ ^ ? ^ TOt^
f ^ - i ^ > (^)
i . f^-TH^K ^ (Repulsion motor)

^ W I H W C C ^ f^tl^P^ "srB? ( C o m p e n s a t e d Repulsion motor)
«. m i t ^ T W H ^ 'sfS? (Repulsion s t a r t & Induction r u n motor)
s.f^fi^m^stwR^
W l ^ C?f^ ^ (350%)
^ W l WC?r& Wi ( 3 « 7 f c ? t l ^ 4 « 7 T )
0 . i f r o ^ t f w o i f Wit ?T?i
8 . ' f ^ « H f ^ TO t f r o f l f ? ? ^ W ?T?l I
<t. •^'QTIIil W i t ? w r I
"b. w ^ 3 i ^ ™rt¥ 0^1^ (?f? I
? j ? ^ : wuî v s i f i ^ ^ <?^, G'^^m m\ ^vojiRcô f?fm*t^ ^ <tj«i^w w t ^ i
i^.V : f^ttH't'r ^ f ? m i ^®tWl^ ?PT "srB? (Repulsion s t a r t a n d induction R u n Motor)
f?fH*t^ ^ m i f ? f m ^ îtf t ^ t w P i " s t e ? ^ 1 ^ cvo^ (W^ ti«lw i f?»rm^ ^
m i IjStWPT ?1^ "Site ^Slf^f?^ 'SS^ Qf^^m ^ <lJ<I<ltl ^ I i^.br^l ^SI^C^TO ? f ^
^«(H*t^ " ^ t e vii.f^ > i < « i < i < ^ ^'t^ ^ ^ mi"srB? srrc^ i - s t e ? i f t e t
7 5 % - v i i c^tli:^ ^'«t5=r (?itS|f?s^«tl^ ^^^C5? ^ntdw ^ c B i c v i I U ^ v o i m ^ < ^^^[kS^ ^fS' TO ? t ? i w : ^
c?rf5?f& i^Wiwsr ^ ^ 1 ^^te? ^ ^ 5 gf!^ I
1. vilt «i?w? "stera ^ i w ? : ? ^ w i

^ %tf!»^l'5¥v5M I
vs. t ^ ? t f ^ l ' 5 ¥ ^ 1
8 . •»tt<3'?n? w i t ? 'Q C?t«t 1
ft. m i C ' l f S ^ ' n ^ R>«i^(;>iH 'TOs I
vb. 1 ^ M?CT? " s t e ? t f r o n f ^ ^
Contents
<J4^|< : w & « ? i « l 5 ^ m i w s p T C ? vs t r c ^ i i ? w ? •sr5? ? m i ? w ^ I m^'H^ji^ t t r o ^ i ? fiicî'SiH (pm^^ ^ •sis? <^j<iî^ ^ !
# 1 1 ^ t ' s t w R •sie? c ? t e ^sfRi? vs^riti^?, «rn:^ ^srrcwi? ^tî. m i c w vs?it%i i
•W i " ? ^ W C T m m i ? i f ^ i ^ R ^ f t e ^ T cm vsTTitfî WW TO I
i ^ . i o : f^*ltbiWp|Jl ^^1%5fI?W 1?5Ttî5jm ^ 'Q l i j . ft, ft1?w - s i t e ? ?<Jn ( D e s c r i p t i o n
o f h y s t e r e s i s m o t o r , m u v e r s a l m o t o r , reluctfuace m o t o r a n d A c series m o t o r )
^•>1(.5c<ft'>i8
R>ici5«f>i>i " s t e r a c % t e P n f t B w w ? t w T ' f f t ^
CfH " s t e ? ^ vs •sIK? i W W ^ * f m

W^ iHîl^ ^ t m ^ ClFf "Sltt CiillM I
TO 1 ^ ? T t e f t ^ ^ s r B ^ c-Ai^m ^ I
MfUCilftl ' t e a C ? t e (W^ vsTTltf^l «ftC^ ^ ,
c?f5? ca^m f t i ? i ? ftftltwH TO «m:^-?t?
I^ClSHfUfî^ (retantivity) C^, TO! f^^Ci5wft>l
^ c # f ^ J tqt w ^ c^fm ^ ^
c f H t m n w ^ c f H % r : ? WW TO i ^ T R t e f t ^
^ s t e ^[tl^ ?t ^ ^ r f w 1?i m i ^ z R ^ m siK^ I ^^-^^W
% R t e f t ^ " s t e ? c % t e ?'«f^ ^^ra??R: cti^s?! ft^roaw^ ^ ^ ^
;£l^l lilt ^ Wocm TOT CWte CTt^ • ^ f ! ? «n:<r (Magnellcally) ^ ( T ? ^ CfKÎ?
• (Lock) TO ? m I <:?it? m«f ft^c2FRm 1 ! % ^ stK^ I
i. R > l d 3 w f t > i " s t e ? f1<3"?n? t ? WT ( 2 w ~ l 6 w )
^. c ? t e vsTTitî m i c?f&?'551? ^TOf ^ WT ^ i
? p t ^ 8 w c w ? i w o , %stt??r * t ? ^ "5!^ ? J W ^ R? 1 ^ c ^ r ^ ^ ' S J I ^ ^ J ^^^rfros*!^

^-I^WC^ cm ?TTf 1
«il.ftftf?W^8
lil, ft ftltW " 5 1 5 ? WPTC^T ^,.ft, ftto "sjiS? ? M ^, ft >l<)<l^lC^'5l majWi iRbMHl ^ ^ I ^
' t e ?'«f^ iii,ft ^?ra?¥r^ cti^TTf ^ "^-^ «iic<bi< ftQts? 5fiw?i ^*i7 f r o m s ^
tftsTR W r a ^ £ i ? l l ^ ^ IWT m i Wlwm.^TOt W ^ ^ TO îC^f? t R T ' ^ ^ fei? 'te?
^srmwfc? 5 ^ ^ m i •sr5? ^ I
C o m p - W i n d i n g
Contents
lii, 1 % lira t c s f i ^ mi (-K^l^ ^ s ^ T t t c T O T H i n t UiPT'iiwî c i M t i l ^ TO c * t ^ ^ ^li^m

tes? ClsH t f l H ^ ^ H 115|?ct 1 w ifll?, WtDfstl ^ T O ? l t l ^ i n c ^ f^TW f ^ W ^ TO H T I I
i. -ste? l i R ^ 4|Hifbt< I T O *IÎ<IM1^; u n c ^ l^f^^ ^RjRf* H ^ H l ^ "51, H i IsTlC^f " s t e l

WclTOHl 1
t C H ^ li!!^ 1 w «1Jl|v|RrD?. ^ ITlHl ^ C f H i^lflH H f ^ ' ^ T t H ^ ^ IÎTO W o t
"ÎsHHll
^. TOR mi ^li'^bHTOC*1<QlJ!«î3j!W<l iniC'=f ' t e l H<3Hi I H ^ TO H i i
^ • H f % ^ HCl 9^ <3Ht%^ ^ t f < ^ ? , H t IsfHH " s t e l H ^ H l i H l s B l ^ is^ H i 1 t l ^ C ^
^t^??m ^<>'^\cm " t o i i f h : ^ ttiH^ TO h i i1ihi ' t e i t f t e ^ h ^ < 3 ^ h i ^TOh i i
^ f t l H f ^-^'S.HWtl ^ m ^ H C l l 'Bff ^HHl ^ W ^ I TOT flHflto
CHBT^ 1 ^ H W i f U l f l ^ H l î\%m « iflHoiT ^ H 1
0. is^gtB^^ T s u *1lf¥c,i3* ( S h o r t circuited) ^sTti:^ TOIC^ ^ s r f ^ f w c « H ^ e t l i H t m J i l C ^
fitt% TOl^ ^ < ^tSn IsfHH, i£lt ^^[CB*fi?fl w m Tjl H i I ^HHl ^*f>f?.'m^ H ^ 3 l T l TOT
^ TO 111 i ^ ^ I N T I ' • 4 ) I C i ( l > l « l TOT^T îS^ ^ TO 1^ 45^10513^
^ •'ÎC® " T O I
8. ^ , f % , t 5 # ^ -sf&l l-st^ ^, ITIHI W ^ ^ " R ^HOo ClPf H a m tÛtls^nTTl ^

^ I ^Sftcsfetl 1lin^»tI7»l ^ 'sfBm ^ I C ^ b W f l l J l - ^ U j I * ! ^ t t l TOT C^tCMJSf C I C ^ H I i^ll^
H^SHl " W l t l « TO " H I I *lR<bll t l U l ^ ^ t l R l lilt Sjf^fSRIT illl<MC=fl Wn «ll«blW-s! ^ff^
fito lil^ <3Htf%^ I J I H I ^ ^ H C ^ ^ ' R t ^ i l ^ ? , <3Htf^?. 1^511 « ^ * l 4 f D « P i ÎHCTCCyj
TOT^T ' f g ' W HW t t B t H Tif^ H W H I i ^ . i o (•sf) v3 ( « t ) I H ^

<><s|<>n;«Pl IRÎHWCG^b mi t^l«*n5«Pf 15^»M^3T#5 " ^ t c n H 1 ¥ B ^ •sTm OTHCH "5?T I
^Î^T'l^'Bpt W W T C B ^ " s t e l m w t l TO^ • ^ • ' l 5 R 7 T f & ^ ^ H t % l te «tHf5>o " ^ "Hi JFm
m ^ F t l mm 180° tl»tfô I TOT ^Cifbll fllil<)>»lWl s j f ^ f e H ^ l l ^ I tST^f^^ft 1^^
CRPri^l ^ H t f e ? . ^sUcSfFfCH CTW^lH f^HCl ^ TO 1 l H l ^ ' R P f f ^ l mi^l ^
^ l l c f b l l ^^tClC^ 1 8 0 ° t l t l k ® «ITC15 "TOT ^ I C ^ b N ffllJl<li«R TO^tSJ^t TO H i I
1. ifl, f^T f ^ r l i ^ " s i t c i i ' t m i n ' ' I l c i P f ^ I

^ . ^ , f % , 1%fl^ 'sfBl "^flvo i £ I ^ f ^ , 9 \ , W l ^ "sfer-ltH ^, 9{ ^^TUlI^ I J l H C H "TOT "«i>i(,<!pt "51, W ^
<3 fT^sHl I H ^ TO H I I ?P^fCB*n7Il w m I
HIHIS
tW4>Ga«l> ci^- OTHit, t ^ s j T t w ^, "Pt, l ^ i f l ^ ^ H l ^ i?l I
t'5R^lc4"*1 H ? l 8 '
C l ^ A t51^t®, f ^ T ^ 2W1 ^=nilTC3^ fflEfHH ^ H I ^ I W W<»l<:^«1 'fBl H?! I t H
^ , f^T f^fli^ ^ H H ^ f t l H f C^H^tSf i£i, ^ mi f % , f^T ^ l i l ^ «Tl%Uo T[ci ixppt t t l H ^
^ s j l ^ ' ^ (?il I
Contents
Current directions end Current directions ond

I>olarItles for first half I>olarltles for second half
of cycle of cycle
f53I : iiC^.io (^)
1 11^, ft, ftito ' t o (711^
'^\oibH ftQcw stt^, vilest w i : ? ^ 2 R l f ^ ^ I i^^.iio (•?[) to
IJLTVFHIL *ICISt1i5« % R UIPTHH
c^«tf5« fttcTO I TOT ^sjti:^ • CFH N CWC^ M I % : 5 ? to? CFH S
SIT? + V e M I % : 5 ? <J>*|t5IW ^
3 i ? ' T t ^ f^*^-:! W ?1? I
mi'sfS? ^ I ' s t e ? lilt to (3f s t o c t t « ^îJitfti I ^ ' s t o ? Ttifit
i ^ . i o (^) ^ i f r o g i t o ? ^f<6tio??m i ltoT O s ? ^ T O ? ? s ! c ? n : ^ t o i t o ^ T O ? i ? iTOT'sto?^^!?
to l ?»1r5f ?* ?i ft ô «^f n : ^ I iic^.iio
c * f M^ (s) m
'*iit<t)i^ ^ ii 1to
^ ^tC?? tJifSfHM -Ve m i %15? UlPf'lM + Ve I TOT
% 5 ? CIM N m i ^ T O ? CfM S-iil ' f f ? ' ! ^ ^ I WtC^TFtr?? % : 5 ? ^ » f f l ^ tf??tf^ ÎCSTLUVO m i
^t?Tic^ ^ # tf??lf^-ve Ttifit f t ? t i f l ^ : ^ >8 fttolw^ mimsfsi? taF?t?
îcvfbiM ^ r f ^ "^fî? f ? t f ^ "st^ ^^f^ ^ I f^, ft ftto i t e ? ^ u i t cfKft?f&
^ cwT 1 ^ m t to ^ I ^ [ ^ i vfl, ftc^ srf^ 'TitcTOT T t t t i t c i M i R I ^ - n t o o ^ ^ "sto?
\<?w? ftc^ c?PH « t t o ^ ^ ^ I 'spiffs f^, ft, ftfiBi iiUwc* l i ) , ft, i ? ^ V Q t % m ^ ?m i
i . t ^ t o ^ i t e ? "m^\ ttron c ? f t , (?n c^n^s c ^ n ^ ^^HT? -sn? 2^ 'S^
;t W l ' j T O T p s te? 2^ « H I
V3. m^t f ^ f H '^^^^'tl'fCT? 'SHJ i f l , ft '^<l<5<llCR'%E ?5?J I

8 . W i l 5 ¥ f®, ft, 0 5 la, ft m ^ § 5 ^ 2f!? vs ^ I
ft. l i l t ' t o ? <1T^?1? «m m i ^ 0.95't^ ^'ttci! I
^ . t ^ t o c ^ 1 ^ WT %fC?ftr® «T^ WW TO I
Contents
?MT? 8Mf?m f » , ( 7 f ^ C^lft;^, (P#T^, VSMPTL (P#T^, tg^rcî^R, £ f l t ^ C^lft;^ vs a f c w t e

T ^ T O R ? ^ •si^ ? M I ? ^ I
T?5TT^^ -sito c ? ^ ' H ^ c w wtTffts? i t e ? ^ ^ ^ I v£it "siteg CS§? c f F f

^*mi«T^ ^^mfti?^ c f H ^ t TO «mr^ i ^gt- "sit^?? f t e T O P w c?ite ^m^^WHWTFT
( U n s y m e t l i r i c a U y ) ^ ^ « I 1 W I m # 4 C T M - s t e ? 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5, 6- 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 5 . 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 ;
2 5 , 2 6 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 2 9 , 3 0 , 3 7 , 3 8 . 3 9 , 4 0 . 4 1 , 4 2 . ^ âft ^nf^TH CWTf ^ m i ^ t f T 7 , 8, 9, 1 0 , 1 1 ,
12, 19, 2 0 , 2 1 , 22, 2 3 , 2 4 ; 3 1 , 32, 33, 34, 35. 36, 4 3 , 45. 46, 4 7 , 4 8 % s « ! % ? W ^ i
C ? t e ' i t o a ' f f ^ •STJIN^'LTO t?5m^%m WW TO I

i t e '^•'^ mm^ c^'Q^ ^ I c ? # ? |SR®1%U5 cin^ra ^ I ât cirÎ m t
c S t e ? ! ^5^3 i ^ % f i ? t f l ^ Cfn?ra •sKtJJ l i r n c ^ W r f t l (Magnlfie Conpllng) TO W T "si^
i. R«i«T''5it^ v^c?? W o t t ? w r ^ I
^ tt^STIt? w t t ? m i W « t W t^ I
«. "srS? wrSyf^ KÎ
C S I T E ? ^4iiiw?I •^RFL^ "S^s 9 ( ^ 1 ^ I c?ite ^SIWFW%! ^ «NW I

? T ? ^ 8 FTN^l t ' T ^ ^ , C?r¥%l t=L3PR^, "51^1^ Wof^, W § 1 ^ WT1'i«l3!>1, C?«^s=f5? t W t t o
RCI|<.l5j|*L ?T?^ ^ I
i ^ . i i : -il^ cm i t e ? w n r W f % W ( l i s t o f losses of single p h a s e induction Motor)
i t e C? W T ^ ' ^ I T F W ^ lilTOPW "ste^vs ^ W T ^ T ^ TO «NI:^ I to vflTOFW i t e ?
i. C ^ 5 P T ( S t a t o r loss)
^. cS^ ^ t i ? (Stator Copper l o s s )
^. C ? ^ ( W ? 5 R ( S t a t o r Coreloss)
i^. C?rf5? ^T^T (Rotor loss)
?5. C<lf5? ?5'»tBi (Rotor Copper loss)
'«t..C?f5? ^ W f ^ m i StCîSi W[ (Rotor friction and w i n d a g e loss)
Contents
m cm t ^ l W f ^ "5T5? iRbH-Sl^ VM^Rj

: mwW"sf&OT ^ m i n ^ v o h ÎKTT ( E x p l a n a t i o n o f l o s s a n d e f B c i e n c y o f 1-^ m o t o r )
i ^ i i î "s^^cmi ' t e ? w r a ^«t#m c w W i m i : w -site 1% > i ^ < ^ k to c?t5^
TOR to w:?^ sRtfl^ ^ I TOT TOM ^ 'ni'flf^ ^ I p[7r = i s 2 r s ,
I s lifs R s ? « i t 2 R ' i c^ TOn:^ c?it*f i «n?l? ( t s ^

w r ^ ^m i Rs c?ft5v5 I | " $ < : ? i R h v s -^"f
c « n ^ w >t^<)^K (?fvs?mT ( T S t e ^<f5rt5im (.<fm>\ ? f ^sim?^ ^ ^ i t f ^ ^ i m ^sm^ ^ sw?-
i . i f i l w t c ? ^ ^ ( e d d y c u o r a n t loss)
W e = T i e B m a x 2 f 2 t2v
Tie = 4^W;?^6wt, B m a x = TOI^ im
f = - ^ f r a f t , t = ^Titolî % ^ ^
V = cs^ ^snwT
%(toft^^
Wh=%/Bl'6niaxf.v
(TSte m ^ i t f ^ ^êTrm f ? . ? m t # t
m i wiM^T -^vsî? c ? t o ^ T a i ^5(fî»f i-,^ -^^tm
^ ^ • ^ 7 ^ ^ ^^-m csf^ & ^ « f * t m i c ? f ^ cvsrc^w t? wr ^ i f?»mi c ? t o cm mm ^
înf^ ^ ^ I ^SPt3I C ? t o ? 5 - ! ^ «=R ( L r 2 R r ) ^l?tf^ ^ I i£l'8m?T I r m i R r ^ ^gflaFW C?llJ?
m i c^fs? c?fw%|5T I c?to ^ ^"QWi f ? *iTt¥&, w i tolfli ^ w i
m i ^ t C ^ ^ ^llfl^ ^ I C?f5? C«IW C?f5? ?5Tf? f ? C ? t o ? l f a ^ ^<3?1? ^ 5 , 1 ^ ^ I .
^ ? t t a ^ iT<3¥i? c f w ' ^ w R m i ^\cm m t o i t "stora ^ s n ^ * ] ^ ^ f i ^ tjk Iron V ^^P"* S > Cu V> ^-^^^ paction Pm
S tt aa tt oo rr
S Losses Loss Losses or
P2 T o r q_ u„ e„
T , „
BHP
Pi
Ts
i-(t) • s t o ? c^fs? ^ s r i ^ ^ - ^ T r l ? m i c%§? -^^sTdiig? ^ ^ n ^ w ^ "sto? w t i
X 100
X 100
XlOO
a'
J.
I
//
I
//
Contents
v.v.v.v.v.v.v .V.V.V.V.V.V.V.Vj
i j ^stt^T i£l'9||^ci>« •ftpTOS^WT "sfS? W W TOT? • f^^fWff^: 'o^j

? i?5TR55Tm •iiB<(.<> m liiÎTCBVIS I^Ro^pTm •sf'?^ ^ I w?«f c^n^ ipm w ( ? r a w t Rotor-'ii
CtW ^ crn^ra 'an:? ^ (Lock) TO ? t ? I TOT C?f5? I^RlSPRm tt%r«
^?Us «f1W I '
i i t ^ R C i F H m " s t e ? t ? T ^ tt^?1?WT I
I C^fB? ^ WI^ I
vO I ^ (M^ ^\ '
w 1 - cp "sie? W i " ^ cwT? iwr^P/m.- o(?, b W
to s 1 - (p i t e ? c % t e lii.ft 7 r a ? ? R f r o c? t M u ^ i iFm ^ ^ ^ t ^ w:^^
5 0 H Z § f c # R : ^ 1 0 m s t ? t ? ' n : w 1 ^ to m i (?T^»f1^ to i h c t I U ? , w h ^ «ftw i tot ^
'rmi^vipf^ ^ c?to ^ ^[tlfB¥ ' f f f ^ m i c?fB? ^sft ^^5? î
VSI t t ? n t e f ^ " ' t o r ? f c?fB?lTOf?^5ft? l^^mPtM:'oh-i
to I cam ^ to5#t%f^ tm< ^ M t %^te1>R ^ c?ft ^ I lilt
t(?OT c ? t o •5]^ ?t ^5(to f?i m i «4»>i«il5) « f ! T O *ftra I
8 1 t^ton?f5T"if5?t^? ftmf^:'o(t,'o\b,'ob-j
tog CT-sr^vi),ft v4?i 1 ^ , f t ^ £ { w ? > i 5 i < ( ^ t c < j ; ? m t ? ^ ^ T S R ^ I w ^ ^ 5 ? ? I : ^ 1
^sfpTt^T mî^ li), ft, ftto ' t S ? I •
ftl WT»ilft'5< "sfB? CW«tT?r •<lj<l*,M WIT ^ ? {^Mf^: 'oij
tos ^-«ji^wTTtftte<[?mt?-
i I CTRaf^p^TM *fn:?
vs I (?PT Cîftc^T 8 I Î?5F ? i % ?
tor i (?5) wffifi H H I ?
( n > f ^ i csjftjf
(^)l5^c5rft^
<\i t it>c<ii c^Hf& •"It^'ft^ TG¥'^rl? TO?
b-l iq-^ c w s r 5 ? f ^ 1 ? S «1i*f^t^^t^wit?!??

tol S ^ l ^ s i ^ C S ^ J M 2t«m'tjl?! OT«t r
5»l WT»rtft^ ? H T5ltt " s t o WT'ilPit5wiI«J>|vSt t%?
toi swtfiftt?-sto^ST0i"s[^wt'nftf5? W i ^ ^ T O m i ? l f ^ i " s t o ?
w i t ? c?ft {:?c«f 'fs?c^ c?ft c?i?n to b=i(.vo>ii^|iij TO i
Contents
I v'B^C*?' ^5jt^-ifl•411^08^ f5('itia»Ht*l t t B ? CWT? fwiWlPlM:'od-J

to 8 tor#rm 'ite? s m ? vfl^îtcB*!^ ?t m^n w f ^ ^ i ^sm f>i>icai»Hi>i
'^P ^ t ^ ^ vfl^ltoJ^ ^ F I T S F R m •51^ ?I?I I

I i f l T O F w " S i t e ? ct^lft^nl^ w t - fwt^fRm: od]
to 8 vi|^Ci*!.CH^ m I
ifl?s C W " S i t e ? C%te^*mf«t^^1^ <3?lt%l WIT ^ CWT?
toi 8 m c w "ste? c%te 'e?iti^°v ? T ? ^ ^ 9m tot to tti^ ^ i ^
' e ? T t f ® l ? J ? ^ W ? v|i3^c<> (TPPP (self starting) ^ ^ i
tor 8 '5?5irw " S t e ? c % t e i-(p >i<<ioi^ to c? w ^ ^ ^ ^ î»f ? ^ ^

?T5T?t 1 5 T O 3 F T ^ ' 1 % : ® f ? t f ^ to ^ [ ? ^ «ltr^ I F R T ^ ^ ^ I C " ! ? w ^ c ? t e C? Tjl^ f ? * ! ! ! ^ ^
^ ^ , ^stw? TTsit;? I ^ = 5 ^ 1 c?fB? " i j ? ^ f t c ? ^ i c?fB? c? c w ^ i 5 ? 5 t o ' g t o to

W to? ft? w i îtlf5¥^ ^ ^ " s i ^ ^ [ ? ^ «ftw 1 ^ 5 t ? « i R«MR,« ^
t«tvsfti
i8 I T 5 t ? ^ Rv»«iRj^f?p^-f«tvsft * ) t i * t l « "WTSTT^ iiI??,?Tt^ vsTSft^slJipP? 'H^'*'S«t I
tor 8 'ii^vs?T\^^, T f ' ^
?Jl^^?T^W,Tb = - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ •
ift I HPT"sUT^WlJRfSfll^ftt^;?
tor 8 m e w " S i t e ? ( 7 ? t e >i^<i^t< to c ? i t ? w c?e<in^ i i i ? 5 t o " ^ t o to (ts?? ^
C?te vs IFT^ ^ ^ - (TS^ iftto^ > o ° ? t l l ^ b l ^ l W faRTf w ? I ^
ÎwUltcwfi ftvsft ?t a p r t ? 5 ^ f«t<3ft I a p r 1 w ftvsft vsi^>iiw c ? 1 t e c w ^ ^ " B ^ t ^ ^ ^ i
^5p5?ll c?fB? ^ ^ I
I H f t f B c w >i15m< > f l ? l t f ^ i ? c ? ? ^ 1M? c?sT«TT? R>îc< «rti:^?
to 8HftB c w t e ? vsmtf^ W f i ^ -
(^) W l ( S t a r t i n g ) ?T ^ T R H W f ( A u x i l i a r y ) ^sTntf^l I
(«f) ( M a i n ) ?T ? l f t l ( R u n n i n g ) vsTTltfel to v3?Tt%l C S t e ^ mi * t ? ^
^<\\ Hft1^cw"site?(W^?R:?Frc?T?(:?HcwT?
to 8 cm ' t e i ? W l <>L\iw c?t*r, csit^ <»ciiw^ c?tc*i? cro? c ? f t ^ i ât5 4><.iiw^
t^Ttm^, W l <»ciiw< c?tt:*i? c r ? c ? f t ^ I"wr to « w < îmc^Jî "sn:*u c? c w t t ' f j w ? ^
^ (7risRj"ste W i ^ ^ ^ mi"srB?"5c? I
ibr I 1*»rft& c w " S i t e ? tof& to^ ft^ I
to 8 (^) H W b c w ' t e ? W l m i ? T f ^ i T O w ^ iwc^5^ ^ m t cm f f s l w 3 0 ° c«t?:^ 4 0 ° i
(•^) W i ? n c ? % <Mwt^5^ 6 cm 8 «et ^ I
(t) c?sFpt|;T 2 % C9fw 5 % TO « f t w I ^9f[«. t ^ c s r t t o r t l ^ 'I^jH "sTB?
"5i?r I
i&i f»rfttcw5te??m?î:^wri
tor 8 ( ^ ) ^Mif>i<> c ? & w i c g t e
Contents
vSTTltf^^ i l l 'STCU C^tFNs l K * f R (M^ Vo° I t f e ^ I ^^[^^ H t ^ ( T q s ^ -sfBT?^ ^j^Wll I s j I T t ^ i t l
î I •'PJT^tt^fBl îHtl I
) t H l W ^ i£[l°v ^ ^ 5 ^ ci^^ I
8 •JPJICT, C51^ tstf^^ C2t^, TO!pra t^Jl(ilC^
8 - l i ) " ^ "^t^ tw'^cSHitl^*)* ^ f f t l ^ f B i mi ^ w:^ (Oil) " B l t f i s i f n ^ f B i î

^Trtt1%i ^^t^ W ?mft^tei c»fCT t w 4 ( $ N i t n 5 ' * ?mftf>tera Wm ^
c>ilSRi»^s*iM îtcbi •sTTiJc^r TO HTJ I
^ 8 1 "®tl«T ^ l l P l U ^ "sfBW (?PH ^ * t t P i B l IS^l ^ ¥ t ^ ^ lijl ^ «t1^ I
^ 8 TO^ (OU) IsjfTfl^ I
"ijic*!»^!» c i m »it5wcic«ii isji^rtfTTî itf^»v TOi^ ^?jitn •^^C'=it ^ ^ I '
"ijic^»>t> c^rm "^fBi I^î4< ^ -^pdiH m ?
8 ^ t J t m C f H " s f B ^ C ^ C1HC*PC>I ^ _ C 5 # ? . ^Slltl%l<J«)«.W ^ ^ H I T ^ B l W CI
C ^ liMîls ^[ItCH H i I
I ilUc^^ •»i(,^l'n> W t^fl^B •<?<i(.n ^*t^ ^ ?
8 c ^ c H ^ 4 ^ c«tc^ 3t*t 45° c^ WC5T ^yn:#5 & ^ ^ « ; ' t ^ ^ I
81itt5r»R W lid^ t ' s i ^ * ^ i R "sfBin ^ i t r o n i ' ^ 7 5 % ^ cîldjti'vS ^g^cM

H H C ^ ^ ^ ^ j t B ^ ^SitBTcH^ «TC1 ^ TO H i I TOT C l B l i ^ f t C l ^ T C ^ t ^ r ^ * R H S I H H l l ^ I C ^
HCls I ^ ^
«o I til, f5|R«f ' f B l f^^HC-^ f % "sfBl -^J<^ll 15H ^ ?
^ 8 1 ^ , t%, l^llW T f B l ^ ifl, f^llliSF ^ flHCl H ^
>8i I til, f5f, pifê? v i U w i 'ailCMbll I l l J l - * ' ^ isitl ^ f % «TJ<^ll W ^ ?
8 l s ^ * i ^ t 1 ^ ^ : s H t f % ° v l I l H l W ^ H H ^!csfblc<-si ^^rf^ I>i!<C^ ^ H W I
>8;t I inrc*lWTl^^ « H ^ ^ ^ i p T c i % « f i i ^ m ^ ^mkî 4lcn^3< ^ 1 1 c^ 1 T < ^ w ?
^ 5 ^ 8 180"'
w I tl'TPPBlfl "sfBCH H U H l 1 ^ I
^Sm 8 (IS) 1%tH^lt*^>lS,CVH5
(«f) d ^ l t H I J ^ C V I ^ J
(t) W l f ^ ^ l t ^
VD8 I <il, f5f t 5 ( f ^ ' J I T J C l l l T l H l ' ^ I ^ ' W I
^Sm 8 t C 5 T ? P ^ S l ^ P ^ CH!R d ^ i H l t , t W i f W iil,t% f^tfl^ ^ HlHl W ^ I
00 00
o 6
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3D
Qe-Single-phase S o u r c e - * Q
SI
Contents
(I<S
I
I
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prill
Qe-Single-phase Source-^Q
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.^'^Q.O.QO.QQQOQO.QQQQQ^'j"
.QQQQQQOQQOQ.OO.O,Q ,
Contents
cnQ«-Single-phase S o u r c e - i Q
•QQQQQOQQQQQOT.Or>^
-a
>-4^QQQQQQ0QQQQQQQ0^^cn
o
1^
Contents
ifiTOFw wiiw^ e j ^ R H j | > i w i I
(^îCiJwftsi >|'B«^ ?*ftTff|V3 I
tof 8 i^.io "^^Cm (7N I

^1 i£l<pt<P«t " S f B ^ RFotI 2|W? vo|Pl<p| afer?!^ I
tor s i^.ii Î'^d^w m I
tor 8 i^.J» ^ i ^•iiyk'^ m
i I l^Wtf^: 'o% 'ob-l
to 8 iCl.^^l^SI^Cf^fTC^ I
^1 t^ton?f^"site?r?«f^^ 1
tor s i ^ . i o î^si^cB?^ (?r«t I

"Ijlc^^» 'te? ^ I
tor § ^ i VSI^CI'SLH I
8 I
to 8 i^.vs ^ i ^ s n g w f I
<t\ 1^*tH*r^ "steRr ^^ftr tiê i
tor 8 i^.b- ^ i îp^^ I
<i), ft, ftrf?W • s t e ? ? * f t t ffT^ I

tor 8 i ^ i . i o î^sf^cB^ 0^ I
Contents
iiiiiiiniiiiiiiH»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iini»iiiii»in»HiiniiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuHinnHH»uiinii»»iHHMi»iiHn»»»i»»»iiiiHi»n»i»nni
8 li), t% I s ^ p t B ^ ii'Owg ^ ( C o n s t r u c t i o n of A.C C o m m u t a t o r m o t o r )

^ , t% <^îOfii< ^ i£ll# , ^ ^ W ^ ( B r u s h s h i f t i n g ) C H t l 3 - ( p <^^J(.i5t3^ t ^ s t ? P R
•sfB? M , f j f ^ ^ ^ g j t B ^ " s t e l C?rte 3 - ( p , ^, 1 % > M < ^ K ^ ^ I li^t "sf&l ^ t f % t ^ < = t m\ -^^m l ^ T l t l
3 Phase
Supply
Commutato
Regulating
Primary Winding
Winding (Stator)
(Rotor)
Secondary
Winding
(Stator)
i. a r f l H f (Primary winding)
c^. catJFil^?, ^QTJll^l (Regulating winding)
o . CTW'iisl^ <3Tntfe?. ( S e c o n d a r y winding)
(?fsH ^ I s f l t H f îltf^°s ^^twfl TO I
ClfBl a t B i ^ i l w r c t citsi^Ti^'s ^ H t ^ t . ^ ^ villi t H 1 ^ , •stera w c ^ i i - s i i t j ^ i iîi -^mi

^^^jtB^Bcii ^yrf?:^ ^ «rfci51
« . C1C*|3) « i l t % i -
C>IC<J»*ll1 ^ n t t ^ ^ C % ? 1 • « ) > I I C H t ^ I Stf%T:TO?l i^lis i£il3 C^Srl^St 3 t C » t l ^ t j l t f ^ I
Contents
3 H « M f ?5^pt5te? ^ f ? C3TB ^ I 3M^ft # ?Wra ( B r u s h r o c k e r ) ^^TtCTt ^ I

W l ? ^ f ? ^ ^ 5 ( H M (separate) miai«l'£rW<1 ^ f?<1%a top13H Ai, Bi, Ci
1 2 0 tw<J»(5«1»iM ^2?^ C«fW ^ m i A 2 , B2, C2 3 H « f t ^ m^t C«n:^ ^ I f^-io.i
m ^ i£i, ft 'I'^KBt;*) - s t o ? tuat cfr«!tM ^ i
ivSA : >il, ft, ? ! ^ [ j t B ^ - s i t e ? WTIW? ^ t t m P T ? - g p i ^ ( P r i n c i p l e o f o p e r a t i o n o f A . C .

Commutator motor)
i£l, ft ?5^[jtB^ - s t o ? Sltt^lUc^ ^'SPI 3-(t) >l?t4'Sll*, CtTvSTTt ^ '®'»r^ C ? S ^ l >STntf^l laNVî>)l«<
^5(^5?ntt ^ I " w côTi^Tlî v!3?it%i m Q " $ « f » i ^nt^ &'-$c?iftij ^^TSTH ^ I ^
ciw^lSl vsTrttfî >ii 3-(i) t ^ t w R ' t o ? ^ cû^'St ^ I lilt " s t o ^VJcBl**! ms|^ %fc?ift
• ? R « f ^ % t W WSj TO ?T5j C?^T?i1^l vs?ttf^l m ^T(t^ % f O l f t o 1%f ®'-$C?lf*IW ? i t 1 ^ TO
C%t? vs?ltf^l-i£l Sim't TO I (W^ CWPST^H WSR Ai^S A2 ^ ?tC? W ^^Rff? 'R:*)! C«I(.^W
^ ft^:? I TO liiTOi '^rrror ^^nui? ' K ^ J C«I(.^ST ^ i ^ g ; ^ i ( P f w ^ i f r a t^rcstwB^
(injected) C^lC^CW^ ^ £tf% CWPEt ^ ? i : ^ ^ 1 ? to? TO i t(?f sfT«lto ^<^l?l sif^cwl*^!
3i*t lii?^ <>H^ciS< ( T f t ^ ^ ^5ft^ I ^ g ^ i c>ic<i'6ill v3?itfî 3-<!> t s t w H i t e ? c ? t o ? ^ 'srtcf I
^ ^<l^|y lil, ft ^ P ^ T C B ^ •sto 3-(t), lil, ft >l<i<l4t< to ft^TC3FRT5T ^rf^ #fBt?
ftw i[?i:^ «flTO I lilt CTO5wrf vs?Ttfîr^ ^^?w, TOT ^^fc^ tolcêt ê,«t^ TO m i
w c ? ^ 2f?l!t^ TO I lilt ? n c ? i ^ wt?t ^ c?fB? ^ T O I^gî c ? t o
^ m i c?fB? Ê[f^ #fBt? f ? * ! ! ^ to "5?^? i
lii, ft ^^gjcBt? i t r a ? c ? t o 3-(t) ' i ? ? ? ! ^ to ftncuj'HW t t o to C T O S ^ >s?itfî
m ^§^Rt? C?fB? -SfW TO m i (TSte (W^ C«IC^«ST TO ^ I lilt ^ 5 R ^ C?«Flt^l
vs?it%it^, ft ^sm^lto? ^ ?nw •^?T:? w r c r o ? ^ vs?it%i iq 4^JCBI3< m Tt»w:sT 1^, ft 2Ritl?5
TO m i lii, ft ? 5 g K B ^ -STB? ftsRiami^ -STB? % n : ? ?nw •^?T:? I
4 , ft ?5^KBt? • s t o ? attrorosf? ( ? n : w t t vs?it%i m 5[l*N? ? ^ ^ ^î?twt ? i ? c?©Fr1î >s?itfî
^ c^TCWift v s i r ^ i lii ^ c?f^ csK^w fiff?? ^ a f i t T f f vs^ritf%i ?t?t cros^tft?
c « r c t e f ? f ? i % ^ ?stw TO I f?*fl? i t e ? ilTO't ^ f i ? I ^ g ^ i i t e ? c T O 5 ^ vs^ritf^^ m 3 H
ft^B TO t f r o n f ^ = t ^ ? i ? I lii, ft ?s^?tBt? ' t o ? c? m cwi^ gtc»i? ^K-J^H lii ^WIMJ
3TT?^ v^*IHl? lR<|\c'l ?5?C?r C?t5T:5rt^l i6?ltf^l ^ (7?te? ' ( i n j e c t e d ) C«|c*Bet m
Qiiji<PN;« ^ t n * f c?fB? ?t?t c^rctot? ^j^f^n? ft^ ^ ? T : ? W tt^s?!? n-jiBw^ ^to i
ivs.vs : lil, ft, <P»(JC,'5'5<( i t e ? 2tt?rt^ (Area o f applications o f A.C. C o m m u t a t o r m o t o r )
lii, ft, •I'^jcUU'si - s t o ? sm^ cw^ to c^^?t ^ -
i. 1^, ft, -sto? ^ wrsit^ ^ 'TB? tl^ft^ lilt " s t o ? ^Tsrto ? j ? ^ îRiiics^ i'
^ c? W T c^ftcis? t t o c ^ T % r t l t o c t ? i^^w? w r c^^^s 4 , ft, <t>îci3i3<r -STB?
o. fifortWCT lilt "srB?ft'iCii>Hi>i-srB? % t c ? ^ ?5?t ? l ? i

5) 8. tw<t>I5<'»JM c^rtcvs? f i ^ ? t ? w t t ? %?rc5^ '•îcw 4 , ft -pv^jcUtJ? "srB? ? j ? ^ ?5?t ? i ?
ft^, w m , f m , M ^ i csm, i M « N i t w ^ ? t o , c%m? m i cU^tJitî csrftR lii, ft
J <>i(Jt'5i5«i ^ t o ? ? T ? ^ cm m I
I
I
Contents
i<lo
to « i«,o ^sjsp?^ C t H I
^1 «fl, ft ?s^ptBT5? T t e ? « ? i t f ^ i « f t ? ^ t*r«r?
to«(?s) ajtt'nft <3?itl%°v
("f) ciToTîfSi vs?ntlî
( t ) CTOF«lf ^QSltfeX
V8I <fl, ft, ? ? ^ p t B ^ 1 ^
tor 8 A, ft •^gj(j5? 'tB? m # ' l l ^ , gM ^ P n ^ cmij ^ ^ p t B ^ t s t w t ^ -srB? 1 c ^ l t e
to?Fw ft c^th ^ I
tor 8 c?fB? ^ttB? ^ t f w t c n 1 1 ^ f^, ft i t e ? îicifbi^r <3Tritfî m ^ wgjc&Bc?? ^^r!^ "5^

«ttc^ I
fitit^'^rttfei c^n«tm wit ^ ?
to 8 c?rfB?ratB?r%Rto5
CI WfllSl êmtt^ c^fWt? wit '*!?5f?
to8 C*8^BCB I
SI <fl, ft tCUn il'Bwfl f^^tM ftwt WJt ^ ?
to 8 c^n^îH v Q u i i ^ i m 3 T ^ f t ^ w s r « t f t e n t ^ i w i t ? t ? i
VI >fl, ft «p»iitl»'l5? ^(f?t R'«it>|.JCB'B^ »l'Bt?< t f ^ ?«ftt wr I

to 8 io.i î^sTjm (?r«n
^1 <fl,ft wjn^^'^rScRrstcsrt't wr I
to 8 iO.O^l^Sl^psvt I
ii ft 4>iJCiJlJ< wtiw^ w<f «t*ft^?*f'Tf wr i

to 8 ioAî*i!it'*iH m I
Contents
iiiiiiiniiiiHiiiiiiininiiHiimiiiHiiiiiin
iiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHUIIIIIIIIIIIIll
i S . i : iH<»»WS? >|"5w^ * l ^ i f % « ^ vstt»i4t (List t h e m e t h o d s o f s p e e d c o n t r a l o f single

phase motor)
"STEL f^<=f lîf^l V0LP|«(S1
i . c^lSwi? O S f C ^ lfi<iî 1 5 % t (Changing t h e applied voltage to t h e n o t stator)
Ci, Wf??#( l l ^ f H o ^ l # ? J t (Changing t h e Stator frequency)
V8. C ? ^ Ctm t t l H ^ ^ ^ f e t (changing t h e s t a t o r pole)
8 . ^dc^f&lî w i s r i j h (Armature R e s i s t a n c e method)
(t. "Bjtf^LFIS^CT«r5(Tapped field m e t h o d )
^b. (?rf5f*pS»1l«i CST^tfWt (Centrifugal a n i s m )
I 8 A : > H T O ^ t * H « l H vlSw^ «t1%t^<=f »t^(f%«tsRf ^«fsTt ( D e s c r i p t i o n t h e m e t h o d s o f s p e e d
c o n t r o l o f single p h a s e induction m o t o r )
>i«oi^ tvolcê? ' t e l *#rH:ti t f i i ^ ^ I c^lc^'S? ciQ7?r'Bi ^ri^

>r?pnt I 5 % T H t t i t csK^ iR^^H imi i CIQWUM*! >IIÎCTJ IS?i côH^Bst "wt^f
' t e l » t 1 t e t TO liJll Clt% CÎC^Sj SfCHt ls?fC5T f l f r o t ^ I 'SpJ Clf^ C«H^Sf I H R ^ t f ^
ira<j^js^ H i i£ii°V iFH wf>ili3i ciH ^ I t i i m -iit H ^ ^
^sfmt ^ - s t e l f^HISFHrn t f r o t , NS = i | ^ W H l C l t e l t l r o t , Nr = Ns ( 1 - s ) ^«ft«,
^flii m.^ i t e i ' t l r o t « ^ t i l I ^ < t « , Httit tôH^tsu) % f c # t t t i H ^ TO

' t f r o n * t ^ i ^ H i^<=f 151T H I I # ^'Tfa 1 ^ H?nt c ® ^
(IS) CT Wl(.<l3W5l TRimfl liRsHai CH^ % t C l 1-(j) t^m^T ^ HlHl is^ ^ (71 ^yRSc^
CWt SlltV^lMl » # C l t » t f l H ^ TO ® " J C l I * l l * ( t l l ^ H I I H H H 5 1 2(11 ^sPiSl H?T I J l H l
('<) l^'$«f*i C5®11 H ly'-$Clf*i «1»'|^llfl< I J l ^ t i TO « H?nt C^lt-^C^fs) (^<$C1«1 lR<(*®'( i s % t •srB^
t f r o t f^<=f ^ Hi1
V8. C%T?1 C»FFTT?,"'tlT • T F ^ L ^ I S F ^
C f m 'T??!!! CR?! 'fBlill t l T O ^ TO H i I ^ HSillll CfM 'T^'tlt - t l l H ^ I S H ! ^ H^^T

^ H ^ ^5rf^ CSBI ^Qlttt^'vlsH T i H s l l I ^G^°V l-(t) ' i t l i l l iTl^'V « H t % L ^1^ H ^ ^srfiis
%11^L ^Htt^^ ^1^ H "^11 ^ 5 ( f ^ 0 C H ^ 1 H H ^ (?iH H^
Contents
lilt '!'*I^Cvo ftTrai'=m " s t e ? >fft^ ftftcsf Series

t t o o ^ f T % r wf^tJil*! ( R j ' ^ i w t t w r t ^ I ^ * f i ? « t « ^, ft,
^ ?f t^P(«iw " s r s ^ 'ff% f ^ w T s w^ lilt
wfsr^jN «rff%^ ftto i t e ? *tf^. R^3|W< ^Ttf^B ^5t¥{sfm

• cmm\ ^ I ft[to c?i1iT%im ' R ' m "srm 'fi??'*^
l M - i 8 . ; t (^)
^ 1 ^5<5?1°v"5te? f t t e c ^ t ? >S t t o o ^ ^ I
fîf^ TO:?! I 1 % f^w^-i? w^ ftt?ST Pole 1

my
Oi
Pole 2
t t o o ^ ? # ? T ^^fft? w r c ^ ' ^ r t ? ^ ^ ^ ' t e ? nften
« ?«?t3R:5i c?f% m i w f "5? I t ^ r ^ r l ^ ^ n t % ^ CT^TRJ? P o l e O l v f i d 0
? l « t t ? ^ " 5 % ^ C ? f t t f t e ^ t ? ajraTSH C!=it " s t e i l t ' B i t f t i \High
t w f % w t t % ft?it w r t ^ I
i 8 . ^ (M) ^ i tos § T t f ^ i i ^ •sii^Ric^-nf^ ftwt? ^fîf^
c5rfSft^»tm c s m f t i ^ i ? ^ »f% ft?i5^8

CJiRSI^StR csr^Tftww? >iiîwi ' t e ? itto^ t^raic^ w^
'te? m f & c5f1^(^«tT^ f w i t ^ <ii<i<!tj < ^ I lijt C
( T f l ^ f ^ s ^ f H t®«it^ ?^:^ 9mM m ^ ft?i«r w r t
Oi
Series
^ I " S i t e ?tftef ^ "Titw ( ? i f ^ i ^ n m ^ « i t p T ?
fra^Bi^l^ '8{ft?t?m m i w f ^ j N R > r r t w B ? ^ f r f ? : ^ > ! % ? f t ^
^ , w r ' S i t e ? « t f t e n ¥ w t ?T?i I ^srmr? 'TB? ? ^ ^ to
«ttt^, ^s"*!^ I C T ^ Tlf5 ? ^ (Close) ^ ?1?, " W
c?t? ' R ' ^ T O ?i? mi-sfB? to wc?^ 2 f ? t % ^>s?T?
^ 5 i t o
t t o n ?rt^ ?i? I c'ff^f^nm t w t % > ! ? ^ % T t

i C T ^ c«tM « ? ^ '^mH w?t«r c? ^ 5 j f | - ^ i i (?f8fi «f i8.^ (n)
^ ?5?t? W=U ^ % T t i n i ? ^srpSKrf^ l i j ^ W t 1 l f t l 5 j | * i ' c '
is.':^ e r ) ^ i tot c ^ t ^ f t ^ t R c s r ^ t t o w ? mm " s t e ? t f % 1^?ii:«f? ' n l ^ '5si?i£frsr cw^nr^ i
i S . o : iJltsil? m i tor ? J ? ^ W ? l-^ • s i t e ? ' 5 # r ? to * f t o ^ ( R e v e r s i n g t l i e d i r e c t i o n o f

r o t a t i o n o f s i n ^ e p h a s e induction m o t o r using t i m e s o f r ^ y )
l i i w w s f "stera ? t f t i v s ? i t % i ? f W l 'Q?Ttfei c? (m ? 5 e ^ w c ? c ^ to » t t o 5 ^ TOI 'srB? % ^
^ [ TO iii'«ttCT ^ ' « t j c? iii?5^ ^ i r n to ? 5 o n 3 ? ?JK?7;^ to i t o ^ ^TOT' t e r a ' ^ ' f e t ? f ^ i : ^
cw^ i t o ^ ^ ^ I TO " w t T i f t i ^ ^ t e r a w t ^ f f t t e ? W i TOR:^ f t o ^ s ? t f t i ?fc?R?T ^m'^
?RR?T •srs? I
Contents
m •5te?l ftM"^
o o
A.c. Supply ^
Rotor
OT^-
S
STOP R E V E R S E FORWARD F L S OL
1 2 J. a R
l-O O - r O O 44-H-
R.s:
K ) O- -OO- -4^c-
R
Ah I LIMIT s w r r c E s
(IF U S E D )
ELECTRICAL. INTERLOCKS
(IF U S E D )
i s . o ^ i fkaj i £ i ^ w T < # i t ? -site? "^^ci^ to t t o r o ? ?*i^ I^ w ^

TOT?rP5 TOM (F). toft TOR ( R ) . TOW!^ ?5iSjt% ( F ) m i toft ? s % l t ( R ) . toftjj^,
TOW^ ^ twlf^ ?5?T i ^ ? t ^ I
•stora TOWE ^ »[»f t ^ B T ^ ' R ( N c ) m " s l t W I F TOR ^ C ^ f W ® ^ I TOT TOlTTl^ <pBjtt
'F' (Close) TO I "Ja^s^ttl W T f t f t ^ ' c ' _ W l TOR (S) m ' t t o Wm "5^ TO I t ? I ^ g ^ l
•i]^ toft ? f B ^ ?5?c?r 'F' TOTcsra f t)T to 2f?tto ^ ^ i tot t «t!R i -f'
t * B ! ? ^ (Nc)" m •srfiTJW - R ) TOR ^ , W T 'R (Close) TO I ^[v5?rtl W f i l f t i ^
'c'?tfî ^THtfî m ' t t o fttof ^ ^ i^=5^1'it? ^ î?c^ « i t t ^ I
Contents
iS8 CSff^-^
\\ liTTOm t « t w t ^ •sfB? (^voiM ^ "5?iwi

tor ? TOR TOR?!? «(>iwc^5'sr to i?*t%5 top ^ K t t o ' ^ P ? ^ 'TB? ^ ^ i
*ii,ft, ftto"si^"?tt^toti=^'stoRr1%^5tw«tf%toa«twiT'![?f?
tor 8 m w t r a ? ^^tto *(f?<v6Jr%i c?i*( fttof ^ TO va, 1%, ftto ^ t^tor^
• s t o ? t % ftwf w n ^ I
8 1 ' B j t f ^ i t ^ 't'^fviw *t1% Plâ|t«R Scgjil w r I
tor 8 'J<ii2jR'4 tlftr:^ ^, 1% ftto " s t o ? to II^RJCVS ftngef ^ i
(t\ ( W ^ " * t o r 3 [ t ^ t ^ t ^ T O r *tf^toa«t w r f ^ ?
tor 8 l^'tm •sto 3t»f TOft?a«f ^ ^ I
^1 1 % ^ ^ ( ^ $ c * i R ) *i1??^TO'toRr«ffte«tf^«twrr-?m?
tos (^) C 5 ( ^ ? ! ^ i f o i f t <»Hv»i'5'i<?mi?TO,^tnt cît^cwii Q't'^^!*' *tto^TO
•sto? t f t o n wrr i
(^) c>s?'f!«l5M<) fitlt'T-fstc?? t t t o n t t o s ^ TO i3'$t?jf*i t t o 5 = ^ wii:sT - s t o ? ^ t t o ^
Si Ctt^ l(?<rv6«| Rsvalw w'DW'fl *t%C?^ to3«tWIt

to 8 cm cm " x t o ? ^1^ ? ! ^ ^ 5 ( t o c^n vsTntfî ? m t ? ^ i ^?fit m ^ « i ^ ^ C R
•sfTidC'r vsintt^^sTRt îwtn ^ ^ I •5rt*o^ C^RW^T ^Tntfî tot ^ ^ iTOT^ ^gîô
m w ^ 2RT[rtw% ctPr TO m i 'sfB? ^ cnM «>i'i>irc«i "5?^ i ^st^^roR:? ^ mtt
vsTTitfî tort ^?p?^ " s t o ? ' t t t o n ' f ^ ? ^ TO I
b-j Abltwt'^ Tlt^^l^Kt^
>i v^TOFw t s t w r ^ ' t o ? * < f ^ R i i i i m »t^{f%qto ^ ft^ I C T cm >q?^ ^ i

tors i8.^î^5i^p55iicffjtI hmPim.-'oa-j
^1 c>i(Hj(»^S»fTsr wîRsfCv^ i i A i w i f ^ * » t « vfl"^ 'T'BW? •jRiR?(i««r wrr ?t? ?*ftT w r i
tor 8 i 8 . ^ ^ i ^ ^ w n i v O T i W c w t cii«t I
vsi totmi'sitxM TO 'aw?Fwtor?^R>Riiaitwrt?mw?'^wr I
tor 8 i8.vs î'«fgc555t cfr«t 1
ii <fiTOf^'to?nf%tori?m1¥^'iîto^'^
tos i8.5,^1'SIÎCB^ftCfmi
^1 tor m i i5it»(i< 4 J ? ^ i < w ? v f l w ^ îf^^R^sit f ^ i t o ? ' ^ ^ ^
tor 8 i8,vs î^spp^ff I
Contents
iiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiii IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII
llllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiniiiiiiiifiiniiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHi Ill
ift.i S tor m i AiAHiH TO "sf&t? t m 0 5 ^ (Y-A) % t T f e l ? T l ^ t W T C5Tn5 t ^ « r ( L o a d C o n t r o l

o f t h a r e e p h a s e induction m o t o r b y s t a r d e t t a a c t i o n ) S
a a
Start
STOH CR
H K
C R
-\\-
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HI „ ^ l h
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-(g)— S Relay
^ Fush Button N o r m a l l y close ( N C )

^ Push Button Normally Open (NO)
- ^ - C o n t r o l Relay
— ^ ^ T l m l n g Relay
— N o r m a l l y close ( N C ) C o n t a c t
—I 1 - N o r m a l l y O p e n ( N O ) C o n t a c t
—I [— M C o n t a c t R e l a y
-(m)-m
iM-i(>.i
ift.i^l to t l t f l ? m i % ? r ? m t ? TO totR ^ iaRII? ( S t a r d e l t a A c d i o n ) m ^ 3-(p
^fB" ' f t <[fBw m to 31lf¥ctJ<l C R to m i C R ? ^ % t t c l o s e TOT TR to TO I ^ît

W M toTJI^TO M l , M2 ^ M3 ^^5lt^ ( C l o s e ) TO <P^ \ TOT 3-(p ^ t o ? C ? ^ TOR
toft TBifSNm a , b , c ?«ii3r:5t L i . L2, L3 ^ r t o ? ^ ^ m i m t w ? s to'S' ^^Bi?5^
Contents
TO c>ii I ^ T n t i % i - ^ i ^ t f (52ii^1%^TO m v i l l i " # 1 ^ r t t c ^ ^ H f t ^ ^ T c i f i ? TO m i
^gnaltl •#3 TOM C^slC^CSt^ >5H ( 0 . 5 7 7 '©^ I t 57.7%) C^slCnJSf m I ^5^1 ^ W^«ti:^C®t
^ ^îci^ >st^'=t TO % t t O T % f 5 ^ I " s i t ^ T f r o n I ' s R 75%-vii c'fri:^ ^ ' ' R ^Btttî ficîi 'S'
^C«T ^ ^ ' R ' R ' ^ C « T 1 ^ ( C l o s e ) TO H i i ^ [ ^ s 'S' " ^ ^ S t ^ ^ ^ ' S W , 1 ^ R i , R2,
R3 I 5 % t ^ 1 % 1 ^ ( C l o s e ) TO H I I vijt W M l , M 2 , <3 M 2 ^ % t l 5 ^ ^ 1 ^ ( C l o s e ) Hi:^ I ^ 5 ^ 1

' t e l <3 a b ' a ' c b d f i f l ^ ^ ^ T O i H s ; ^ L i , L3. <3 L 2 ^ f t t l R l ^ ^ t t ^ C^lJ^lW f i ? TO Ciil
i£lll "5f5l*J< «=rtt^ ,C«|C=i)C'St -mUs H C ^ I CI cm ^ <3«flMv5 f l ^ ^ I C H ^ TO
C H C ^ ^ t f ^ " ^ 5 ^ ^5^5 1 ^ 1 > H H I I ^ f ^ f ^ - ^ ^ s vil5<)W H t ^ f ? i ^ I
ie.^ : fror •iiii ' B t t H i u i H i f«HC»p«et t ' s t ^ >ii3cii ^srtBr S t w i H c n ^ H H w c^rf^ f ^ « ^ i

(Load C o n t r o l o f t h e r e p h a s e i n d u c t i o n m o t o r b y a u t o t r a n s f o r m e r s t a r t e r .
s:
;R
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Auto ^
Transformer
START
OL OL STOP
•4Hf —olo— -olo-
TR
# - 0 -
ITC ILTC
TR
^ S t w i H i n H H c u (MS lî^m ^ ^ H ^ S r ^ f w r t i m H i ^rac^ ^ \ i e . w
f5C2F HBT;II CH^ 9mc^ WH ^sRiBt t t ^ i T p i H i i m t i I^H ^titc^ \ ^\m<m ^

Tfi^ TO 'S' l5%ICll H H ^ L i , L 2 , ^ L 3 «ill ^ ^ f f ^ ÎTHT W ts^HC^ I" H H l L i , L 2 <3
L3 ^ t 7 « ' R '^ ^ t l H H W- s t e l C%^ ÎTtfel -ill ^ ^ C H t ^ I ^^ms
^cs%\-*\^<Mm V ^ t ^ t r a ^ H w I^ i t c i ^w s i 5 % t r ^ H H w ^ f B d -^m^, W ^ I
ifBi^ ^ W W ~S- ^ Wl TO 'S' 'Sf% 1 ^ ( C l o s e ) TO C>il TOT 5 l ^ l ¥ l H l îll
H H W C%tci ^ C^SICMJST S f ^ ^ I lilt Cv»lC^C<St< ^fflH^f tMl 1 ^ t t W ^ H ^ -ill ^ f l
HH1<^ %ms StWlHCl 5 0 % , 6 5 % ^ 8 0 % tftf^l H C ^ I ^ s j s p t ^ HT&g ^ C » f i ^ ^(1:1
^ t S ^ T l - i l l l •srBCH 7 5 % «il C ' N t W ^ B t t t ^ l . ' ^ 's' ' S t ^ O i l I «ilt W ' R ' tTOTl
H H C H ' R ' ^ % t t 1 ^ ( C l o s e ) TO H I I TOT ^ ^TftWl ^ t f ^ ^ T l N l f S ? TO CltBvS C«tC%CSt
^ sn:it^f% ^ ^«,*t^ TO ^^Tc^ «rrc^ i l i i H w w:^ HH T I W I I "^"BCH H ^ ^%r^ c l o s e ^îti

ÎtC'lt ' S ' ^ % t t « t % O p e n ^ ^ H i i W t i 1 w^m ^sfC&t. ^ t W l H l ^ I t t f ^ l «il H l f C 5 # i fiftHft^
TOR^^ ClUo t t C l I
Contents
ift.vo : to miUltwIil <J«5Î< TO CS'W «|€t^Jl«! »l**fv4C^ fvsHWW t*l«l»t^ "stoRT (?fmftTra«t
(Load C o n t r o l o f t h r e e - p h a s e i n d u c t o n m o t o r b y s t e p p e d r o t o r r e s i s t a n c e a c t i o n
using relay a n d t i m e r )
to m ° v titsfi? TO c^'pE c?fB? c ^ t i f S i m m\ ' t o ? f^mz<^ w^^c^ c?fw%jm R i
m i R2, ^ c?fB? ' t o ? t ^ t f ? ? j ? ? ^ ^ i t o i t f . o ^ i t o cmm ^ i m. n, ^ o tolt i j i ^ i r ^ f t o tom
sflW I TOR tot ?9n3R:T a , b ^ % t s t % ? ^ (Close) ^ ? ^ I ^ S J H - l t - t l t T t ? M, N <3 0 TOR
^ T O R i <3 R2 Ît C?fi?%Tl^ G^9\ " t f TO ( T i ? I TOT ' t o ? C?lt? to TO^ 2|?tto ^
m i i t ? "s?^*!!!:^ I
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2:1
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MAIN C O N T A C T MOTOR
f53I-i(J-.v2
(^m c?it? c ? f i f S j R ^ ' t o ? ( R t ^ % a c t ? w ^ W ?fB^ ^ wcr tor 'M'^ ' • r i ^ r ^ i tot
*a' M^ ^ TO ? t ? I ^^[^l ^ ?lt^ ^ to <3 ' a ' Close TO ?1? m i ' a '
^%R;t? i t w r to TOR 'M' "51^ «rn:^ i ' M ' ^îisi^T «nw3 c i t ^ f ^^Btt^ft ?^ (Close) TO ? t ? i
TOT ^< Consist f t ? , c?it? T i T f ^ R I i£i^« R 2 w f w ^ M ( 7 [ t c ? t o ? ' i t o 'TifiP «rm?
c ? t o ? w c ? ^ Wl f??i? i t ? < 3 w ? ^ w : ? ^ ' ^ TO tofOT W «T? M t W I ' b '
c « M «rn:^ i s n ? 75% ' t f t o n stt^ ^ « ? i ? f ? t t t i t i t ? ' N ' c?!*^ tot * t t TO ? i ? 1 wi?<3
W I f ? W M i t t l t l t C ? ? IfsCRil ' 0 ' TOR "51^ TO ?1? ? R f R2 C?fw%TR (ftt^tt TO (m I TOI
C?to? >I?R C?^fSjm * t t T O ? f ? I lilt ^ ' d ' ^ ^ ' R (Open) TO ?1? 'N' TOR
' O ' m ^nt^ ? 5 ^ e ^ «fiw I
^t^lC? W l C«fW ?tt^l ^ 5 R ^ C ? t o ? ' T l C ^ t t o w i ^ ^ J N ^ U t ^ U t (Step b y Step) ^mf¥5
c « l c ^ * t t T O w ? ! ^ 1 t t o t c ? i t ? 1 t ^tw=i i:<|5Wite? T « t « f ! W I
.£> 8 tor m i t t t i t ? ?j?^
( L o a d C o n t r o l o f 3-(p I n d u c t i o n m o t o r b y C o n t i n u o u s resistance action using timer
and relay.)
to ?spBj^[^?m c?tw%jic5r? i t w i tore? 3-^ t ^ T w K i t c ? ? cms ft?^<^ w r t ?r?i ^ ? ' ^ ? ^
I
^ IW l m ^ tot c ? f i f ? j m c%t^ vsintfei-m ' i t o fttor ^ m i ?Tfî f^rf??c5 W i
I
Contents
c?f%p?jm ^ i f TO I ^ < t « . csW^ W l m i ?tfti f ^ t t o s " S i t e ? ^y#s ^ m ^ , ^ lilt f ^ i t o
^ T O C 5 < P P i 5 R S ^ I 1 (Contimuous Resitance) C^m I

5 -phase source
i , i• i ,
ift.8^1 to - s t e ? 3 T t o l i ] ^ ^ r o t o t t o ^n^JT c?fw%im %f3i? 3-(|) f t e ^ n : ^ t^t?5«p? ^ t e ?

Tic^t't ctfttiH ^ I m^ tot c^fwt? a f t o n i t TO toCTt ^nt^ w i t j t t i ^ titfii
(Timing C o a t r a c t o r - T R ) , m i t t l t f t l to (TR). # « « t ? (RTv5 to (OL) m i ^ ?lt^
t i t * } START STOP ^ ?3?^ ^ ^t??ÎW ?fB^ ?5?!R t l t f t l to m i ' S ' ?5^t<|5t?
^ f R l i l t TO w r ' S ' tot m (Close) TO ^t^CI* W l C<(V3ilC*i< > t t o fttot- ^ TO
^rto? TO cii? I lilt ^ R ?5^»sf% c'«rRt'(Open) 511^ m i i t ? <>ii<.«!(.Mj(.^ w r
5fêt TO %tt ^ I to ^^1^° to (TR) T R WSlt^ ? ^ (Close) TO (TT? I -filR ' R
W5t<>tc?5l i T W r ' R tolt ? ^ (Close) TO ? t ? I " ^ [ ^ l Rlt^T w!w^Jl*1 tjft *|f TO ?T? m i
i t e ^ " t a ^ ^ m i l t ? ^ 5 ^ 7 5 «ttw I v3»t? (Ri^ to (OL) i t ? w 'Q'awwivb f^rf??u5 ^nt=r
^ f ? ^ TO Oi? I m t w %cf'«tj c? i t ? ' j ' ^ W i ftto:® mi W i ? i f t i ^ S R ^ C?OO
is?lti%l ?5?fJr I S i s m ^ I ? ? l ^ t o ? ^ (Close) sfTC^ I l i l t ^ i t ? W l m lilt ? T ? ^ ' R t W
(SFlt^l^yntoSt'lfim (Closing c i r c u i t T r a n s i o n ) ? ^ I
Contents
ift.ft i tor m i iJltVM -IJ^Î^ ? P t o toiwat t ^ T W H C i t o r ? "^^f^W to t t ^ ? ^ (METHOD OF

REVERSING THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING RELAYS AND
TIMERS)
F O R , . ' -.^^REV F 2
>—o r o — o o 4 ^ — ^
^+
tow^ t ^ t w t ^ i t e ? ^ # T ? to tore? ' f t o s ^ ^ ^ i * . * ^ i to? mm ^'ftf
^ ^ I ^'«u Rj'iwst t ^ i w R - s t o ? c? ( W ^ ^ «iitw C«rmt (Norenally open-

No) m i T m f t o ? ^ (Normally closed -Nc) «ltCT51
TOt?T^ ? t o ^ ?5?csT to TOR F ^ M t o ^ m i lilt tor^ mm ' s t o ? ^ r t o ? i t o "fs; F
"Qft ? ^ (Close) ?T ^ TO ?1? I TOI i t i : ? ? T i , T 2 . T 3 tlfsf-lh ?9n3R:si L I , L 2 , L 3
pfto? m«t TO mi"sit? TOrrars towtw «rn:^ i liit w FI on m i F 2 ?5^t^ off
^ i ^ ^ [ ^ i T O t ? l ^ t * f ' ^ < ^ t o v 3 ' s i t ? : ! T i f ^ ^ ^ « i t C T 5 m i toi^f to ?5c?^ ^^rrto Rc«rmt
911^51 lii'^ topf ^ ? i t ^ 3 t f to F to ?50R >fTf¥B ? i ? , w?«t NC toft ?ftir tp^r
? m 1 ^ ^ [ ^ I ' s t o ? ^ % t ^ ^sft ^rit^ c«R:^ ?t? 1 1 ^ w F2 ? ^ (Close) ^ m i toifti to
?50R >iif¥ci5«i n i l to ? n c ? ^ 2 t ? t t o ^ , TOT c i t ^ «=iit«^ ^ R ? 5 % t ^ f t ? ^ (ciose) ^ 1
^ ^ [ ^ i L i , T 3 m^rRvo, 1 ^ 2 , T 2 m ^ y i t o m i L 3 , T i m ^ ^ i t o ^ t ? » r t ? " s t o ? ^ t i t o H T 3 >3
T i <sfS ^ i W l t ?m I ^ ^ [ ^ l "Sit? "5?Oo 5 ^ I lilt W Ri ? ^ (Close) ^ m i R2
toi? ^ s t t i t n ? ? m i ? TO m i t i t m ? W I t^?t?<^ TO tot w t ? f ? i t ? r ^ TOI?1V^ m i

toft ' P K ^ ?i? I
Contents
itro
imtftm: 'o% 'ob-i

S CT ^ îCTtt < # 1 ^ TO ^ ^ptWt m I
^1 %Rr CE% %ti;?RT fll^T 1 ^ "'FfSf TOT?
g%tl %ftl3l« t ^ ^ f ^ f ^ ^ TO-
i I (M5 ijUtlW ^ « T 1 (^trosi H ^ ^ S|t5l>*R I
^ I %jt1î v q i i . . . . ^ 5 R ^ - # 1 ? : ^ t>fm a i # i 2tcB^^ I
o I ^ I t f ^ l iH?TST?n fÎ^TFL^ ^ l ^ H f t - t H l S F C T ^ H l S j I i ' S M Close villi Open TO I
'^m 8 ^ ^ i c^^T)c<> Y-^fi'g;^ TO, W T 5 7 . 7 % c^TC^^ST H I viiii "sfBi % r f c f t I^^^

i ^ i x i i ^ 5}Ê( ^ «ra I ' t f r o n 7 5 % - 8 0 % vii c ' f t f c ^ c i t e ^ ^ viit
w t Y - A ^^\m H H T O start-CIS A-Oa ^ 1 3 ^ TO lTOT^ ^ C«1C^vSt ^ ^ t ^ TO
TfCl I ,
8 I t t l C 5 ^ %FBKLL 5lKlt»)J %li^l vill îTSJl CHIC'S St ^?Itt^ C«lC*5C'Sffl I S ^ E F '53'?
1 ^CFI^ 5 7 70/0
a I % T I c s ^ ^l'5l(.-sn «»l<n,«nl«j9 R c i a ISFW TI^?

8 ^voiîMUjs 2 ( ^ 5 ^ OFL ^ l villi H f ^ l ^<J-S111 W ^ - ^ "sjl^ 1 - (p ' T E L H l l ^ ISIC^T
vatH ^ 2 t # ^ I
^1 ^STiiBTJjItl'lHll ^!'i3lC<l "Wl^ 'BlfRri 1 0 1 ^ H W ?
^ 8 ^1^ H
'\\ ^ j j i * i t i ^ i m i ^ i l j i c i ; ! % F G " - ^ % t ^ 's I R ^ ^ % t t ^ i W ?
^vsl 8 o i ^ I
TRI % t l 0 5 ^ ^ l l T l w ^ ÎFB^T TT^ ^1% H ^ ^ vii^l <»'113JII01^ (Close) ^
8 ^FS'lfB'T TT^ C R villi T R H ^ T O I T L I "1=^ M M i , M j , M 3 15%tl5&
1 ^ (Close) TO H I I « I 1 H 1 S H ^ ^^H 'S' "st^ ^ 1 ^ ^ I
J»l ^5^51 J3l«1*f<itH<l • S ' -^^Slt^ 'JTCEF H ^ H l ^srtcn R ^^%TIS^ 'OF% 1 ^TOT1 ^ ^ ?
8 I R I R t j t t 1 ^ (Close) ^ ^ I H Wt^«lt ' S ' i s % t ^ ^ T j t ^ ^ Tilisn I ^ H l ^Sf^
S m i H ! : i l ^ H t ^ l - v i i H l f W i ^ l ISTCI^ £ ( H % TO ^ ^ ftW I
io I c ^ ' n s « f s ? ^ j N ^^^Qt R»v»lc< 3-<p t s t W -sfSl H ^ ISH H I ?
8 tt1î"5^ cifsm HHi=r5 o c H i T i c H t Hi^ 1 9 m v s i i ' s i t H ^ H H C H ^ ^ i
CatCls Ht^l ^ < ) ^ | 1 CHBCH îrHfira w R i ^ j m HCf HCf H f ^ ,C«fC^ ^fS" TO H i I ' T F L P I N "sfBlt^
ftM«i "aQlm ^ ^^TOa «m;is I
III TK^R vs t J i t w i i H H • i j ' P i J P i S i H CIFSFÎLF I^^F^C^ W I ^ FIC«T <(II<^TI "WT ^ ?
8 (IS) î^'Bitfîlii:?!
('Î) Cî^ ^ « ! L CHv5 I I C ^
H I s^dil^-s « R ' ^ d j I - ^ ' B c ^ K ^ 1 i s ?
8 'S'' 51 ^ S ^ ^ % t l « t % vn^l R I s ^ l k H IsjiSt R , ^ ^ % t l "Sfif 1 ^ (Close) i s ^ I
Contents
to t^5T?M^ i t e r (RliE to=tib-i
tof S îrtti F^LTO:55 IQÔ %JTTÔ CS|^ CJKô -sfiJi:^ <3?ttB?, ^'«t^<3 open ^,
Close SJT::? 1 itu W l m mf ^ K ^ f ^ Closing c i r c u i t T r a n s i t i o n I
i8 I * i « l ( , t k ^ R T l t e 1 % ^ g t ^ <U''?RIil< <j<iî< TO%r?r ÎIJIM^ JIIÎWJ 3-9 t ^ i w f ^ î^cAA cms toa«t f ^ i t o
TFTF^t 'st?ri5iti ^ i W T w r I
tors ift.iîfMOT«t
Î tor m i t i t i t ? ? m f ? TO toi:w t^twt^ ITE? m t t trT5Ritc?r?r TT^STCTT (RT^ to^t
*tîf%? •îRpiJ 'STTRWTI ^ i w T w r I
tors ifl-.^îfM(TI«t I
VSI to m t l t i l K AiAHiA TO (TS'ns C?nt?r wlir^Jll *H*ro(LVO FVBHW>SJ t * l ' * - t ^ - ' ) l ; M < C^Tt tof^t?
• f f t o '^5R?rt2m ^ i w r w r 1
tor s i e . o ^ i f e (TI«t I
81 tor m i iSit'iM AiAiiia TO <r>Pi5R?ii>i « I ^ i i * i "i'^^v^ Rj'iwvst ^jSmn (ms ^mc^ T f f ^
TSTNWN ^ i w T w r I
tor s ifl-. 8 î
ft I tomiUitiK AiAniA TO f i ' i w e t %5tw^ >(i5«< ^-iMA to iR^vocH^ ^mRpt •©rrrrsni ^ i w r
wr I
tors ift.ftîf53j(TI«t
vbi 3-(|) t*l'r»"Pr i t w ? "^"ft^vH ^(v»^'«t 'iR'^VSC'i'sr %*ttTr to 1
to s i I i # t i c w t t o i w? r
A I TOFTL ^ ?J?5H TO I
ii tormititit??pr^TO 3-Hptstwîte?^#r?to'tto^2ltoT?«fttwri
tor 8 ift.8 î OI-icÎI cff't I l^r¥tf*m: b<?, '09/
^1 tor miUitwK TO%T? c ^ ^ i B i M ^ iKicÎJ 3-9 t ^ t w ^ i t e i : (RF^ to^^t * r w t o
?«ftt I " ' ; b»i)/
tor 8 i f t . i ^ i cff't I
VSI mitJituM?i?3sj?rTO(TS'ns c?nt?rMf^^ji«i ii^f^cvo R>VO|MfvoHwertslwîitJwir (RT^
ftrra «t WIT w ^ ?«ftt w r i
tor 8 ift.o ^ i OI^[C5^ I
81 tor m i t i t i T ? ?mT?r TO "^f^torrt^ «f^^ji*t ' N r f ^ 3 - 9 t « T w ^ i t e ? cms to^^f
'Nito^^^fftai
tor 8 ift.8 î^t^TOFf cff«t I
Contents
I'B.I 8 % » T MITITIT?r?MRF TO W ^ ! ^ *T?)to5 T ^ r o ^ cm I T E R «TF^ FTM«R

(Speed Control of t h e r e phase squirel Cage in-duction m o t o r by r e d u c e d voltaje
m e t h o d using relay and t i m e r ) 8
to M I TTTIT? <i<KH TO C5t(^ TÎTOO 3-(t), f t e r o s ^ % I W R IT?!? ^ F ^ w f ?
(TSte? ^^fto TOT >|i|1lM"< Wf^Jl*! (R) ^lOTT wrt ^ I ?K:tT? W3?tW TOT >ILF^=11«FDL
? 5 % i t ^lOTT 'im I c i t ^ ?5%ttyf tot ^Tit=T L i , L2 « L3 m îwin «tK^ l ^ N F ^ cqt^
? ^ (Close) ^^?1? TOR M m i l i l t o f e f t i ? 5 % f § ? ^ (Close) ^^?H wri TOR N
? m i ? ^ I i i i w < 3 i^b.i ^ to it ^ 5 f % # ^%tt a ^ vs T i t f ?it^ w ^ i
Li L2 L3
Main _J_" 4- I J-^

Contacts'
Accelerating
Contacts
i t c ? ? ^srtlt ? l t ^ ^ L3 ^Tlt=T W TOR M, ^ ?lt^ « ?to? W to af?tto,

^ I 'TOT 'M' lir^ltct^ (excited) TO i t r a ? C l t ^ ?5^6llt>sft (close TO 1 LILT ' T O N TOR?T?
1*}T to (W^ WE?^ fi}?lto ^ ^«?T?I >iltott?tti ?5^5j1?5^t% (Open) "ftW 11??!? L i , 1^2 ^ L3
^NT^ ^ 'R' wf^^JM tot? iMT to W;?^ ^r^fto ^ i 'TOT ciflrirR - s t o s csk^ g ^ t ? ?st?c<^
(7?t? w f c « r c ^ Tr?i I ^=3^1 'Sit? WI ^ttte^N ?FN:^ I ^sit?!? cit^ •I^'ITJIS (M) ? ^ ^^sTn? ^rtc?!
iEt*f i t titiwc<t> TO m i titiTc? tot W I ^sjtofto ^^?i? t ? N TOR to ?NR?^
Sf?lto "TOT l i l t o l t ^ l ^ (Close) ^ m i C<ll©t^Jl*l^ftw •«lt TO Ctfij I :gvs?Il C?t*I R
tot to ?5K?^ er^tto ^ ^ I "TOT ^^lOT? "5R:*IT cm cs\(^ ^ ^ ^ 5 ^ 1 i t ^ (TSt? -^^
1
CÎCMJSI sn^ ^ mi -^"f 'tfTOin "S^TT:^ SITC^ I '^HJC-^B ^tfte^n TOT Î*II^ e s t ?
( ( T i t ?i?^ TO I ? l t ^ "T^ ? ^ l t ^ ? ^ TO"?!? I
Contents
i'Jj.^ : t^TOPT *ttwiC<»»'S? vitJc-a^ ^ ft?I^«r?r © M a t m (circuit diagram for contnlling

speed o f 3-^ squirrel c a g e induction m o t o r ) S
i ' J j A ^ l to 'H'^ f t M « 1 3- 3 - P h a s e Source
(t) t ^ t w t ^ -site? tf^ RTUT:^

• i
>llf¥ci3 l i ) ^ 3-(t) C«lCM}St C?^^RB?

Main
e s t ? is?itt%i m ' i t o îwin Switch
?5?t ^ I -site? Clt^ ^ ^
cîc^st c?i8wiG«< "snwf
C%t? W l CvolC^Sr fni 1 w s i t ?
W l t f ^ c?^n "5?^:^ i (ii'R
C?«Wl3«<j ^ (knob) m TOWJ
c ? « i R t ? wn^T ^ W l
(Cut) W ^ C^S^Rte W l CÎC'iJ'Si
mi it? C^RMJST
fr?i I ^ 5 ^ 1 i t i : ? ? ' i f t o n ?T?oa
9flW I lilt C^^wtc-sl'S) m m it? Insulated Shaft Rotated Clockwise
to Cut Out Line Resistance
W l m i t f t e n t ^ " ^ toi WST
^ ? 1 ? I
^^.^ : 3-<|) t ^ t W K ^ C?lt? i t w C ? f ^ ^ if^Wt-f? IT W l t f t e t ta«r (Controlling o f s p e e d
o f t h r e e p h a s e induction wound r o t o r m o t o r b y inserted resistance)
' lilt f ^ r f ^ 3-(t) to?tt? ?T f u l f i l t ^ f w H iti??ra ft?^t? ^ ^ n f ^ ?f|:^ c«R<:^<f<=i
wfe^JM ( E x t e r n a l vavlble r e s i s t a n c e ) ^li:?tn ^ 1 1 ^W l «f^^JI*l W^M? ^
? ^ I iii?5it c ? i t i f ^5^C5? mm c?tipsrm w i c?ft ?sc^ t f t o n 9m<^ ^ ?i? i
3-PhaseO- Starting R h e o s t a t
Supply § : & Speed Controller
>
Rotor
Collector
Btatori:::^^ Kings
00
— /i /"
•A ^ -f
Contents
1 ^ CO
Contents
ii rafit>5*i^ cîc^'St 3-T?m?
tor 8 f t e r 3 - 9 t«Twt^ i t e ? f f ^ ftwt? ^ e s t ? ^rtora ' i t o tot «(®t^ji»i

f%to ^ TO 3-(p" >w<5ti^ to (m*! e s t ? w i c^R^st cm %ft ^ra i ^ ^ c^^t
TOi c?t*rQl% *ft TO to "Sit? ^< ^ c?c«T TOi I «i9<(^''t % r c?Tti •<j<iii,l< TO t " ^ ^ ^ ' t o ?
f f ^ ft?3*f ^ ?l? I .
5,1 1?i1^ i ^ r f ^ ^ s-Kpt'srwt^'toi?'tf^'R?g"wrt?t??
to 8 (?s) t ^ l ^ t o e o t i : ^ ci'iiw
('«t) 3-«l^
c ? t o wiC'^st t'<w»i*P? ^5ii?t? ^ s m ? ?«rf-

(?5) ÎFW? (Krumer system)
(«!) ^ 1 ? t o ^ ' r a f ^ ( S c h e r b i u s system)
^ iîf%t5l% w m t o * R 'raf^, e s t ? 'raf^, ^ e s t ? Jiil^cto c«ic*^«t i t o o ^
TO f % t ^ « f w ?1? I
V3I ^ C?tt? itM'fl C=SFW? w f e t ^ J l « l (Insertion) ^POt^s ^ ?
tof 8 c?it? >iil^ct
81 ^ ^ w ^ l T l w îftwit^fost itMii *tt% R ^ a w ? ^ cm *(?Pi? W i ? 4 J 4 4 , M wrt ^ ?
tor 8 ^5Rtt-5WTp?ii? %itt?
ft I T^flt? 'I"*R>C* I U M ^ *tt% R?la|C*t? 1 ^ C I P H •sj^^lii ^ ?
to 8 (?5) i £ l ^ fw, ft, »ft^ i t ? I (^) m i t C?|tlf wtôiti?
^1 TR,TC.TO.OL,NO,NC,m^^tol
8
T R = Timiming Relay
T C = T i m e closing c o n t a c t
Q TO = T i m e open c o n t a c t
i' OL = over load
3
^ NO = Normally open c o n t a c t
I NC = Normally c l o s e c o n t a c t
Contents
^1 wltJ^ >iiRmJ c?i^f%jm *iQw»lw< HiTW *tf^ tûfcf •f^#?r ^rtf^ Wf\sm w i
i I <«jî "iJitmi i m t i IS':! RR>iS^^b c^lc^Sf •Tft^c^ f^Hwet t^tis-P? - s f ? ^ t f ^ ^ i s i m
8 i'Js.vs Ri ^tricwîi (m I
Contents
<|j-^^ll^<^ (PRACTICAL PART)
WC?? ^ : W^#tTOte? (7?t? vsTfttf^l 2 t ^ < R ' l (Construction of Alternator stator
winding)
^W»tJ (Objectives):
^1 «>I^10W13M< C2tc?l ^Q?ltf%lTO 3 — Q^^lWiTWIl

8 1 attillStW ^ I C ^ t t v3 ^ - C W ftC? I
^ (Theory):
« r a i t o 5 ^ 5 i % i ? C T t e ? (TSt? (sioy-iii f t o i ^ ? f T O sm^9\ w ^ W17P
^5i^T«R?te? *lRift>N ?rt vs^ntfeo ^ I NSTTttfel-m ft#fto tW (Term) "Sft WW
W t ? l
C t H H 5 : ( T S t e ? £(f^ C f t ^ ^ % ? f W i l t f t o f t «ltC^ W W C f H f t 5 I C^Ht » t i ? l %
2
^ m i C1C»T ^ TOf I Clte^f^ = p
w ? R : mft «i»«wtt ^ iR<iiR'si itim? ^2<i^c<> TOR ?m i
csnt 1^ ^ i t n
TOR'^ = — — — —
C f R ^l'«UT
TORa|J*T: 2 f % C f t ^ £(!% CTOT? ^ % ? F W i t t W R PiRoSf «riW ^5tW W ? R > S P f TOTI
Cmsf^'i : CTOF? ^ % 7 f Wilt W ? R ftQw «FLW ^5IW C?15W>5Ff I
i I a t tofg m f t ^ 5 1 ^ c%?_(??t?i- ilt •

^1 cwT ?t v3iiit%i c i f t ^ - i l t
OI FILWLSTîl ^l«4$«1>l (iljlt«M, lUTFSra)
il ^ft^mtW^^TRlW?- - SKSJIW^
^1 (RVft^t NSZ?gT5 Clt1?I- - filCiilSjHllvB
O I
mtormtt^ - aformîw
8I
ft I
?5tsni&f - 2iwr®Ri^
lb I
SI QF%Wt^ - filtill'Si'îliB
br I tH>(w»PT - afortw^
^ « t j : % ^ 5 i R « H ôtf^H - sfc^rt^Jii^ .
»I?lt ? l ^ 1 2 a t , 4 CfR, 3 - 4 , 12 W ? R tot ^51^ (7?t^ C%t? ^ vSTIltfel
TO I
Clltat 12
ClHft5 = = -^ = 3
cut C f R
^plft5 = 3
Contents
^ s r f ^ TOR " t i m 1 - 4
TOR 12
= 1
CTW X C f R 3 x 4
12
1 An°
^«ff«, (?pcs?? a r f ^ cinR? i1t TOR w ? ate?
1 Q w 1 or)
^5f<fK R ' ( ? F W w a t cvti:^ ^ y ( 1 + 2 ) =
a t cstc^ m i B ( 3 + 2 ) = (tî Q I a t c « f c ^ « ? pTOvsTTltfei c5f?5T (Winding T a b l e )
N S N S
A 1 - 4 4 - - 7 7 - 1 0 1 0 - 1 3 ( 1 )
Y 3 - 6 6 - 9 9 - 1 2 1 2 - 1 5 ( 3 )
B 5 - 8 8 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 4 1 4 - 1 7 ( 5 )
h 1 2 1 3 II 4 1 5 6
II 7 1 8 1 9 II10 1 11 1 -1
B R
tsai i.i : 3 - <t), 4 pole, 1 2 slot, 1 2 coil, full pitch a r m a t u r e winding
WOT? *JT»f (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
^ I 2tc?iTi^% T r a * t t t % ^ " S T R P T R c % i ? " ^ ^ «?tf¥i ( i t t o f ? r N t ^ TO I
TOn?1? Tf?r^ ^si^plf ( 2 R ^ f t W 1 J 5 TO I

1 ^ ' r i ' » i j ^ i j t c R I 2 i t TO^ \i5?oo TO I
8I TOToft ^?itf%i 'îTfWti ^5r^[?rtft % w ?t a c t ^ » p f TO I w t i t TORsftw % : ® f
wn? ^ ( R w t ? c f t B f w n ^ TO I
'QTlltfel ^Smm «l:(*ll^ 2tf% CWSf? TORSft Tv'J^tn " ^ 0 5TOI

C*tW ^ ¥ l t f e l c5f?5T ^ M « t C < t t o ? TO V1«1llH 'Sft C^K? CWTo ftc« TO I
Contents
i I m^ TOM ' S K t i c»m sm ' ( i H i t TOM s K t i c»m ariTJsi H c « t -5^ TO 1
<0 1 %Sf TOPTIHM? «H«IC<) CsTHl HHC^ TO I

8 I ÎCSm TOM "BTtB (Tisht) W l ? WH sfCHStW (Wedge) I t % M l "B^ <J<^1<
,. TO I
(}• I ^Tlttfel ^StWTf ^spjHft^SjHt TO I
<!i 1 TOR:^ sim9\ >i(^<»«iw ^ i w t t w c ^ TO I
^*PT«Stl: C5§t TO I
S t u d e n t s Name : Roll: Dept. :

Semester : , Shift . Section ......... S e s s i o n
• (Evaluation) :
^l
. m
1. 40 25%
2. 40 40%
3. 20 20%
4. 20 15%
TTOlRt^ : ^ v i l l l ^ t t H l <i<^H TO v i J ^ f s t ^ ^ CiiIl3<)W % f 3 t e l -srtlJW

H^[W«f l ^ t t^«f?lW=f I [Performing t h e w o r k of t h e t h r e e p h a s e i n d u c t i o n m o t o r
(squirrel cage) s t a r - d e l t a s t a r t e r u s i n g relay a n d t i m e r a n d d e t e r m i n g its slip.)
%OT»U (Objectives):
^. 3 - C ^ t®t^*R C^lBwi HC«t % t l - 0 5 % t ît^lW^ t<|iijR)<> ^ S J l t t viHl
< - s t e ^^milt^ te H ^ T01^*1 f^'ita'f I
^ (Theory):
^ l m W t ^ T ^ CVll>M< C l f B l f | l sttW I TOt lill sfClTt TOl W I ClfBci
I T f ^ t ^ v i W sttC^ H, TOT C l f B l % 1 'sp Clt^ mci^ Sfltfl^ ^ , H I TOt Clt^ ^^tCl% «2K=f
TO I lil 4tC1^3 "Hlll«t^ CH^ ^ t C l # 3 2ftl 5/7 ^ = f ^ I \5tt ^ f ^ Q - * l»1C^C^3l ^ CIC^
^ I^ bNHtl W I c H B i TJllvfr^lci^t^l-fi^ C«lC*Gst a f c i t t W ( l ^ % 1 1 - c ^ %fBli i j i H l W t
^ I^ STARTING ^ "#1^ W F i CTOf ^ 57.7% c«R:^ til1
TOT ClfBra ^ ^ CÎC^Sf ^Svf^ ^ viHl^ "^FtCl^ fitltl^ ^ I ^[«lTl C ^ ^ ^TCl%«2K*t TO mi

^ l ^ t W ^SfB^l I 0^$% cm lro% I t f e ^ 5 ( 1 ^ -HSm ifUl % t t H l A assent TO Cffl I
Contents
' t e l t o % S = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ XlOO, ii)'^to3FRPr^,Ns=-^^
Nr = • s t e ? t f t e t Nr < Ns :
• a|wl«r^« ?3*ftf^ (Tools a n d equipments):
(1) to t ^ t W R CSJlt?, 2 H P ?! m i C^Xm ^ fT^S?!? 4 4 0 V -i1t
(2) (tePitt? i1t

(3) iujt05i1itt? m i
(4) ?n?m, "Btf, f twtf^ I

• milmi (Materials) :
(i) Ht%ft ^ (7/736 tl.1l.> - 5 to? (2) % g T ? # l C5f i1t t«Jlt^ I
• ^*fiprW to:
a a'
Start
.O-rO Or
STO: CR
C R
HH-
TRCR OL OL
•<2>
TV
- ( § ) — S Relay
^ Fush Button Normally close (NC)

X Push Button Normally Open (NO)
- ^ R ) - C o n t r o l Relay
- ^ - T i m i n g Relay
—{/\— Normally close (NC) C o n t a c t
—I I— Normally Open (NO) C o n t a c t
—I j— M C o n t a c t Relay
- ( M ) - M
to : A u t o m a t i c Y-A S t a r t e r
Contents
?mto
WOT? *n?T (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
1. ? g » F # VS nH|viH est? "505 w ? <3?!f¥i c 5 t o r ?t'«FUB TO I
2. Clf5? t t t o ^ r S M t II|jlC«LP)l3l<L m ^ k l W J f^%5 TO m i ClMlQlt ft<? TO"srlf¥°S?>f? I
3. ' i t t ^ ^5i^?tf o r f B ? ^ W\m ^ ^15^ TO I
120F
4. c i f B ^ (?wtit"505 cfiR (p) VS ^ f o i f t (f) c^n:^ Ng = C??I TO TOSFRM ^
tl?n? ^ I "Sit? fifstOT t r a 05%tOa ^l"!;?tt to TO I

5. 7 i ? ? ? t ^ fiWi?t? 1 ? ^ < ^ 5 1 ? ^ ( t o s t f t t o ? TOc?i c?it? ttof ^
6. ^ 1 ? JJIILTÎLLCT to C??I ^^?Oo TO I
• ^ (Chart):
120f Ns-N
Nr %S =-^| 100
"SIW
Ns= p X
• tot? (Calculation) ^ WTtWf (Result) :

• ' N ? # T W (Precaution):
1.. Csilt? ClMlRlt I S t t t o ^ >LI^<L>V»R<L I B T O ?^?05 TO I
2. % i t o ? ( ? T R - c ^ torsf ?5C?pf, <ms ^^Km t w t f t t f t w ? 1 ? ^ 5 1 ^ Y TO I
^sRitos cWFSFcsit ?t 0 5 % ? t t ^ ?tc? "^n, ttJRR tot ? ? o ^ tîii ^ irc? 1
3. to? t r t o ^ ""twR? ^Brtt^too TO I "
4. ^ ^ % t B ^ to VS <I4V»ic\M (IVIWT) "SFL^
^l
<LTLNFVS <LJL?LVO
1, 50 • 20%
2. 50 30%
3. '«LIC'SJ i^m 30 30%
4. 2TT^ ^?,"!;?tt >TI<I*)HVBI, S ' m i s t ? 20 20%
• W C ? ? " ^ : VSI^l^GCITCFLT) C'SIIET^JH ( T ^ I ( R e s i s t a n c e t e s t of a n Alternator)

• ^W*U (Objectives):
(I) * I ^ I $ ! W T M < MF^JM TTOF
(11) ? S l t ? 5 P F -f?^ ?t^ Srt?=ff m ?5?t I
Contents
• ^ (Theory):
^ s r ^ r o t e ? cvoic^sr c?'siR«H f^-fera (TSt? ? t ' s r r c w m c?1%rSim w H t TT^W^ I CÔT^W-
liffifttt? ^si<rf s s ^ t c ^ H I t e t ^ i t o o TO- cf^ c ^ p s i m totef w ?mi
i I « t % t o 8 ? 3-<l),y^°v(?It'r, 4 4 0 V - i1t
^ I ^ ^ ^ J t W (125Q)?t^T(1WStt^"5THf?ftt - i1t
0 I D.C C o l ^ l t t ? • - i1t
8 1 1 ^ , W t f t t l ? (0-3A) i1t
i1t
i1t
HI t M ? ? # ? m i1t
i1t
stmw^r'fRtiH:
1 I ftf%ft vol? 1 / 0 . 7 3 6 m m
îtrra^ 5A 250V i1t
o l^ft^tttt 5A 2 5 0 V i1t
Alternator
• WOT? (Working P r o c e d u r e ) ;
1. ^lPl<My ? t o ? 3 t T f ^ ^ i)M1viM ^?2f^ TO ^¥lf¥l C 5 t o ?lf^ I
2. >llf¥i5!^»llSl ? ^ <Pi? I
3. cS5T:^?^(SitvStsn^^lC^'rTO Côl^fi^tlil iQ
4. 2tt^ 1H>1^C^'5) I^'IHC*)* 2 to ^ ' t TO Ra(dc) •sft^ (M ^ I
5. ' S t t ^ t ^ T R T ^ 1.2 C5lC?P1.75 ^ t o R a ( a c ) l F f C ? ? ^ I
• ^ (Cliart):
Rt RtfSBlH Ra(dc) Ra(ac)
V A
AB
BC
CA
Contents
• 1^?TK (Calculation) -All *(>«1l»f1 (Result)
• Hl«fR<5T ( P r e c a u t i o n ) :
1. (H(iBw viiFoQv* ^ i i R wt ltdHI
3. cif^fSjt^ t f i H ^ t i wtcwm % «iii5uo TO I
5. ^ ^ I ^ t ^ t t l S M t ^ l t f t ^ Cll^?, m ^ ^ I t ^ f 5 ^ I
% » t ^ ? S t l (Conclusion) : £tt^ " J M t T O r a R)FsC^ TO
s t u d e n t s Name : Roll: Dept. :
Semester : Shift: Section : Session
• ÎJIIH (Evaluation) :
H^
^l
<IJllvo
1. 55 55%
2. TO«i ii'^^ 45 35%
3. 20 15%
• H s f : ^^NWiJW'S) Hf¥B CB^ W^t I (Open circuit t e s t of a n Alternator)

• ^W»tl (Objectives):
il ^^NWUWI ^l"^ Hf¥B 0B% ^yptt^ ^ f t ^ n I
^1 ^^1<WI3M< f ^ m c i ^ H^«t c«Sfiiwa3>j5 cîcnjst ^ T^fci^^t i
vSI CH^ ^HJHÎ^ ClH t^-lTl I
• ^ (Theory):
i I is^1<^,
^ I 2tf^ CflC^T IFt^ <«

v3 I ClfBl TfW ^ t l ^ ' » 3 % T I
£ff% c*fiFJi ipt<3 <mfî ML^L^-A^-^ t ^ ^ % r I c w i j i^fci^ t % f ^ TOt ^«ft trosi,
t ^ f ^ t'il'si'ili'-'Q l i i i f ^ TO I c«Tt^ f i f k ^5(^tii?fBi 5i«Hf TO 1if%^ " S f t ^ ^ c w t m c i ^ -
3' <fl t ' ^ f ^ c^stC'^cs??! ft'eif i t c i 1 i 5 t c i ^ (If) ^5ri^[f!w ci«ft n t n v f l i i t ^ f ^ C 5 t c % ^ (Eg) c^
!
^ ciH i H n if^tn CI 5fti5 w t i t i ôtcis o . c . c ^ iw i csRiciBir^
t r o m m tf%c^ ^gitus TO I
I
Short + Circuit Current - / ^
i-i i-i K3 K3 to
g § 8 § 8 8 S
^
\
\^K
> N
<^ 1s 00
\ \
\ \
Contents
V
\
V
\
s
\
\
01
s S 8 8 8
Open-circuit Volts E^c/^fa
I I I I I
V >y c/. 1^ 1^
^ St> ^ ^ ^
Contents
?mlto iJsft
•*lc«ffl «(M (Working Procedure):
L Sl«let^?l ? i n # IMSTR vSTlWl Cttol ^fslOSTOI
2. ^snt^ w?wti 'srînfT T r i w n to TOI
a vi|<ii5lilwt$IC<* l>l'TC*HI>l t t o o ^ T O BTOI

4. to to ^ TO mi to^ tfto^ C « R ^ to wc?^
wrsTOi
a ftPtW ^ Eg/If ^""^ ^ liiWTCSf ^ I
^ (Chart):
f>*S» «*'IW^J If UlfiT'^M Eoc
En.>/>/3
1.
2.
3.
• ton (Calculation) m i W I l W I (Result) :
• T t ? * J t ^ (Precaution):
1. ^sfijsnft îwtn ^Tî^ TO m i^ wri?^ ^
T f l ^ c?n:!g? to? <fm? ?sw5 TO I
2. i i t t ? t t i >if^4«tM sjêf ? 5 ? 0 5 TO I
a ^MJiijwt? ft'icifj'HH t t % w mm 1 ? 1 % ^ Ji-swî^ to TO I

4. O S R t C # C ? ? 1 % ' T W t toiSFRPf » t t o a ? W oTOI
5. ^(Loose)'G^,TriWtlto?Wl05TOi
6. s t l ^ F T f TTlOS '"it >ilf^ •5(1 C>lRw ^TO ?f'«R^TOi
• ^•T'TSS]? (Conclusion) :
'•''AV'-V-'AV.'V"-".-
1 ^
• WC?? 'rm : ' s p t t o B ? *|t ^mto C5% ^r'lmt ( s h o r t c i r c u i t t e s t o f a n Altematior)

• tet*!! (Objectives):
ii ^5i%?ibtora^^yni^'r«i^^?m^ W T 1
^1 ^ ' T t f ^ ^ 5 | ^ C # f p ^ C T ^ 1 t ? ( c T T f (3ia2Ra)?t5OT
OI to<MMC^J<*)Hift>l5i*it^yrtl^>sfT^îwr i
ft Ift^TCJmmtoi^simf^fto?*^ I
• ^ (Theory):
^^GHwtw^ •artcîto? ' T t o tolt w i t o ? fttof ^ •ôs TO I TPIC ^^^jm •sfTrni w f c ^
^ ?!?t? ?T?=?T ?s?rs TO I sf«tOT ^si^TOtros Prime-mover m tosFm ^^ms
•^pnofflTOI TPIC on TO « ^ c«R:^ to 'Wi:?^ If % ? % ? ^ ^srtrsito? ^»fB' ^JTI^
?s|i:?^« ^ It? I i?to ^ ?5tc^^ (Ifl ^ t?to *il«t>l< ^ ' f t t o ? n ^ d s c ) ^sitt^ ?T
ftPt?^ W T 0 5 TO I to w : ? ^ ^TPTRi ^^tos ^snik^ w ^ c?f% ^ fTc? iTOT^snwsir??
c?tc*i? ^ ^^gi:^ "^•n? TO m i M[er%ji*i ^ f^îji^tim R^tjiH «ft?5t? i4iic<bM C ® T C ^ 5 1 T O I
Contents
TO TO ^mf^ c5os? ^ wr coicnJet 7ra??i^ tot 'srtrwt? ?t cstc? enters

swtoTO I ^ ^««TO to <\^\M\ ^ I to Isc/lf ^ '^'^^^ ^ I
fitC?rm% ?3ftf% (Tools a n d e q u i p m e n t s ) :

(1) 3-(t), 3KVA, 4 4 0 V . 50Hz^5[%^c#a-i1t
(2) 1 ^ iqTtfttt? (0-3A)-i1t
(3) lift lilJTftei? ( 0 - 2 5 t ) - o i t
(4)1?vS%3t5 1 2 3 Q - i i t
(5) ^lF5w® lift C^l^fviUK-ilt
(6) •Bl^, tmrPPT, f-55lt^1? t ^ I
-mtm (Materials):
(1) ftt%ft W ( 1 / 0 . 7 3 6 to)-3 toft
(2) o M i p R ^ ( 1 4 / 0 . 1 9 3 toHto?
(3) CfH^STRm ms Clt^ ^ (30A)-iit
(4) WfiSf, t^^^ci^ I
^KTIH to (Data) :
Isc
6+
3.C Supply
Q- Isc
Rheostat! 1
•-ApmatuRe
f53i: d-.i
4 WPSRI «rt*t (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
L V4>|p|«r>|«[*l|5l ? I f t f ^ <3 viH|viM C%1? W 'Tlsf^TO C 5 t o ?tf^ I
a ^*i)i^wt3<j.«i>ftjTcsmmnlTOi:n TPIC on TO to ^ ^
?tv^ I to^ to ^'Tti?^ wilt I
4. '2it?5 wtosf ^ <(?IM to W : ? ^ ^ ^ ^siicifbw <>imc^3^ to to ^toi
C?'^ 13 MWt ^ 'fli?^ ^ 5 R ^ M¥SJ I f - I s c C^'ft tt^STIt I
Contents
• ^ (Chart):
f5p* <t>\C<^
= If ^l«^3 = Isc = Esc
1.
2.
3.
Esc
Zs = X s = VZs2 - Ra2
Isc
H l l t ^ (Precaution) :
1. vsiîiiSl ciiigi îi?rin i # I
2. fvlUlMi) f t i (Rltl t l 3 : f ^ « ^ (ai<l<=14i'i "TO I (?H Cl^HviJiCiit I s c "STRiWn:!? Clt^^
^ I C l ^ ' o f f ^ s p i - J i t TO 1
T T i w i n ^ M ( T i g h t ) ^^Tit w m r ^ I
4.
5. • C^H^ ^fS" H ^ , (TJf^ Tjtt 1 w TO I
^•PT«^ (Conclusion) : sft'S "SFnTOH t%f%C^ "WU TO I
• ^î^H -WH : 9\'\(.'^H\^'^Hu5^ Caleb's? c i ^ r g m f ^ - ^ :
• ^w*ti:
i 1 V^^KCHUWI siFiwi'ST^ tiip<f^^ dOfisr^jH R a t ^ ^ l I
fi# (Mm (>IHC<4»HI>1 t P ' l T : ^
8 I ^si^tiFtei c i n c H c t t ^ m " W t t r a c ^ t i : ^ c ? r © w * R t^-^ r ' .. ,

^ : vat t f t ^ < l t ^ W H W H ^•Î^W'GWl Cil(^Jl«i C%^, "Ql^ H f ¥ B C ? ^ vQ 'fS' H ^ CBITS? ^5n»I?i
f ^ T O i
* t f t ^ Rl - vs v£ll H H e i t i f S l H CB% TO H ~ W\(M 'mm ^ t5||5H|c<r|< -sKiO D . c Cltl Rdc
(M^ % s TO I fCl R a = ^ X 1.5 tc*P<)'n»« ( H i WUo TO I

i f t ^ R l - 8 m m^ 4t«C^3l WH E o c TO I 'i't 1 ^ a'^\ t f W l
1 W 4!WC^5< W t 5 ^ 1^ 1
ift^Rl- v£ii ^ ^^lliHlS^t'^ 15fH3FRm M^Cvo ijfira TPIC On TO 1 ^ ^ TO
fwci CICBte i 5 n ; i % 2 t H % TO ^ c i ^ w r ® TO i itis, c i t B ^ m c i ^ isc = la ^ ^ . v t ^
^ ^ I ^ If
vilvR TPIC Off TO v^ v£i^ mCH:^ W H ^ "Bl^niiera T T H I ^ ^rft^ C«H«l>«St E q c
ISIC^TOI
îMC^Jl W H ' f B ' H f ^ ^ ^ n n ^ I s c Select WUo TO I
1 w » r t H r ^ , Zs =
Vsisc
Contents
15;^, oc^= oK^+ cE^

?T, O C = V ( O D + A B ) ^ + ( A D + B C ) ^
% VNL = V{VFLCOS(|) + l a R a ) ^ + ( V F L S i n ( | ) + l a X g ) ^
VNL - VFL
"VFT X100
^5i%?R?#? 5 ? t SlWl'St^*) C?rft?I?RI k v A 4 4 0 V . 3 — (j) -i1t

^ I 1^ft.Wtll6l?( 3 A o1t
01 'iift. wffitm 5 A
8 I vilft. CSf^SPSl? 5 0 0 V
(t I i?vs^JI%f5 (250 £2) oft
il ftt%ft^ 3/0.736 m m
OFfwr^ 14/0.0076
01 T P I C ^ 30 A 500 V
ature
Alternator
Rheostat
Contents
?mtto
6+
D.C Supply
9-
RheostatT
'-y^matuRe
: ^b.i (n)
WOT? ? W (Working S t e p s ) :
il ?I'1#lM|ilM^l5t^W?Cttot?t'«l05TOl
^ I *l*GHw'i3<5C<)» ftnC^HtH « t t o 5 ^?tOa TO I

8 I 1W5 Crm cm îCifbN ^ TO I
ft I ifl'iR W r a ^ '0' ^ %? %? TO W t C ^ WC?^ C?zit5 <MMC^3 ^ f t ® TO I
^ I *IJl!v|tJM f l i 5t^«f TO TO^ wnOo TOI,
cjl îl'gR TPIC ^ off TO m^ ' g C ^ T O m t 1W5 ^ ^\dbH t t ^ g f OoR-^'St
C?^?s^TOl
b-l îlC«lIvi5H m >iRTC?J ^ t r t ^ t o f ? C?t«l TO siroCipCSj^ A.C C ? I t t t R a = ^ xl.5

^^?05TO1
S>l ^ g ' f ? ^âft^?tft Zs X s ft'# ?^?C^ •^W I
Zs
D.Ct^ 'ClfSf'tM Eoc Ra Zs =
^pna^ I f _ VNL - VFL
"V3I^ Vzs2 - R a 2
VFL —
lal I Ia2 I Ia3
« W f t W T (Calculation and R e s u l t s ) :
l a l + Ia2 + Ia3 ^ EQC
Isc =- Zs = X s = VZs''^ - R a ^
Vaisc
V N L = V ( V F L Cos(p + I a R a ) 2 + sin(p ± I a X s ) 2 m i R e g u t a t i o n = ^ ^ V F J ~ '

1 0 0 ^ c«ti:^ c?si?H^ ft'f? I
^ ? 1 ^ (Precaution):
i t (W^n-Q ^^nt^ ^ "5? CTto c'^mH to TO I
;i,i Tficjitn t i t t ^ i w (Tightly) to TO I
Contents
O I îTi^t't^t^rgc5#•^raooTO 1
8 I to ?5log^ ^^f^ TTSRi 'sf^ 7 f ® ^ s t I t T O TO. ^rtOTT? to C?C&vS <MC<1C^<) C ? f t SRlto ^ ^ I
CI ^ t t ^ j t ^ c&c%? tl^ to TO m ° s ^ off ? 5 ? ^ TO I wum vt>iicifbi5i ^ TO'
t 0 5 C?Os f K ? I
• ^ » P f t ^ (Conclusion) : ?mlto TOT ^ ^t? "SIW "^raoo TO i w n W T
w r ? s F R 5 TOit ^ ^f?<3 ^ 5 ? ^TOI
• » r S T W ? "5TTST: «<'^t<Wl3W'!l (MS C5% (Load t e s t of Alternator) I
• (Objective): ^
i I ftHCuJ.HI>i ? t t o a " ^ t o C?rc5^ i£l^l5,Cl5«R fiRin^ TO <7Tf-(RT^ t T t o « l C«lC'i;'St ' t o w ^ I
^ I m^'s m i t ^ f t t t ff^sTTf? w t o (RT^ to t r t o R c ^ s t r ^ TO ? m m i c?«7r*r
tcstlt^s • 5 ? ! , w ' t o ^ ^
O I, ftf^l ff^TTf? Wtt3-?T W T T t f t t o (RTW UtPfHM C^sR^ C?05 ?r?I m i C«TC%W C?«S7R*R
( ? T C l 1 t v » • 5 ? ! - \oT t?CWF^ I
8 1 to fiW? (RtOSt C«!C»=OiSt C^sr^T*!^ 1 ^ " ^ I

^ (Theory):
^^Nwl3<C<» ft'iCuJ'HW t t o o ^ [ t o C?C^ i£l^l^c'i5*R sTOTt^ TO C?lt&"^ Ulf^HH C^»T?;%»Sr
TO i m t ? ^^NHtc^ti tos mm cm ? T t o t t t o ^ c ^ s t c ^ Mc^'=\ TO i
' t ^ . = No Load Voltage
V j s j L
V f l = FuU load Voltage

V n l - V f l
X100
V f l
b I ^5i%toB? - bit
cî c^»T%to? -bit
0 I 5KVA ( s i m ^ C^ttin:??) 500VAC.
8 I (RtW - O
C I W l O a f f t S T ? -bit
b I ^-4Jjl5.«H -bit -
I C^SFlt? -bit .
b r i tttrrft -bit
J»l D.C CTft(?JltTl?) -bit
?tD.COSRR#? -bit
bo I D . C W i t o ? , -b1t
(0 - 5A)
I A C . ^ 5 U l t o ? 0 - lOA - o1t
bcs, I m i t A.C 3 - (j) I n d u c t i o n m o t o r (Prime-mover) _ bit
b I P . V . C ^ 3/0.029
^ I OPto^ ^ 14/0.0076 - 2|C?Jt'St'|V|C®T
0 1 o - p R t t t t 10 A 5 0 0 V -bit
Contents
6"
D . c SUPPLY
t
3-1]) ATTEMATOR 3 - 9 LOAD
(Working s t e p s ) :
i I U t T ^ <3 ^ H | v i M (7^ ^^?2f^TO ^TTTf^?, c51h?T 1 W «TOI
^j!C«lfvil3|W< >il^lWJ TOM< I3|R''HM«M v£(li f ^ f ^ w c ®TOI
vsi wtnm ' N l w o o TO ^ l l 1 ^ ^ H « ^ 7f?pitn W ^ TO I
.8 1 1 ^ vfl^Rci5«R I t f ^ ISlivf'lM C'oli'^^Sr CltBv5 -srlCT WOoTO1
ei *i^Nwl3w< t f r o c t pRCv4'lHi>) ' f ! ^ % TO I
^ I ..MivbRD-j ' S R ^ V n l ^ I
wi^*!^* Vfl w o oTOI
b-1 virati cîcêt ciBT?m ^^7311 mm f^'# w ^ TO I
•*I«^J If I l (la) c^sic^Sf V n l c\»it^'^ V f l Vnl - F f l

- Ffl
• ^Jl*l$C*1«R >Q (Calculation & R e s u l t ) :
• (Precaution):
i I ^n5|<tHl5< ( : ^ H < 3 H O o ^ H ^ ( T f e ^ l w O S T O I
^1 ^îJWwUwi 'GlfSfHHtJM ll^«J>«lW W ^TOI
^ I sntS^TCll llTO^t i^RUIFRl^ «tf%Oo Tpt05TOI
8I îWt'TtJM ^ W TO I
ei 1 ^ >i)«ltc'i3*R CICB^ ^ft^ WOOTOI
^ I (MS ^ CltB^ <1>lMC^tl C#f ^f5^ I
CltB^ (?rt05 iRblPt^ TOT ff^ 1 ^ *i>in5|?lWl3< «W T01^ TO I
• ^»t^«sRT: i m r i i ^ H ^ MnR?;^t?T WW I
: Ob-
3J'
• •"ift^RTsi : ^ v£Rl3ltB5Tir*f t'stiFoC^ 3-(|) ^Î^WiJWl iJWHtW iQbHHl I
• ^CBp^ (Objective):
i I "al^WW'GWl fJtlMR ^ftni*!^ ' T ' l ^ ^ t I
I
^ I 1>RCaFHlt^l ^ "f^TJM tH:i^=f 1
I
Contents
• ^ (Hieoiy):
^?t^505lto
i) ^*iJl<lw'Bw< UIPTHM C ^ k ' * B < S t W TO I

11) 8!l%jt ÎMJKW'GWU TO? TO I
ill) 1- (j) acnJwwiJti c'THtQfB ^snjj^ 3.^ ^^Hwi-i cm ^-^caM^^tc^ îzi^tn to TO I
toamit%i-m tot fîi^r® t f w WT ?T?i-
b I tocamTm'f? mm I
•^1 ^5T¥m?.3l^^lTM I
01 o1t RvslWl ?tf^ I ,
liTOR^tr ic*ij ^ 5 T ¥ ^ T j T ^ • ' T ^ ^ s r t o ^
i I ^l^l^wtî 3-(t). 4 4 0 V, 5 0 H , 5KVA (?T%:^?5?ra) -.^1t ,

^1 mm - i (?it
01 ?Iltl^?Tt^.ft. CW^TfC#^ 2 3 0 V (liJ^dXtltl) -i1t
8 I lil.ft. C^St^ltt? 5 0 0 V - i1t • •
<t\ f-S5tot?f^^ft^
^1 SfT?T? -bit
«ii ^w<f>IBPiTrPT -bit
bI TPIC ^ (500 V) 3 0 A
^1 P V C ^ 13/0.736 mm
01 CSPfWTWJI 1 4 / 0 . 0 0 7 6 4
8 1 c^f^m^twrto^'fut^ loow - ott
- ^rat-StHVICôT
• j < l i ^ \bliiWti:
>5.f*r.wr?i?
Contents
<II?^tto 'ÔO
WOT? m\ {Working s t e p s ) :
b I s|«|«st^^ Tsjaftf^ <3 'iiM|iiM«JM ^fTlto ^r5?nf 7T?j?ff«t to TO i
^1 iîc#i^^TO?mc^^«t^wii;^TO I
O I st«iw t ^ t ^ cif%^ (^î cif%^) ^ TO
8 1 C5)% ^ w cm -ii^wwTJiiC"* 51^ wrc^ TO I
(fl :^î^*i5i$lwl55lC4 I>IHC*HI>1 i t o s ^ t o f to (£l^^%!5*H to=f Wir®TO C?^
to^FRTtfWl m TO I
b i l>IHC<iJ'Hl^fei?. m L 2 , L3 ?tf^ iSs^^lM ^ T O L i ? # Rc^^llW I
I I Wag*!? CSltow TPI on TO ClPtTO^ ?1>i«^tW? ' ^ ' ^ ^ WTC^ TO I
VI ws! ^ f i t % ^ •sfRHH %n:? ^ to TOI
* t o r ¥ « r (Observation):
i I ^THC^Hl^f^?. m ''^s®M •^=f ^ 't'fe •^•^l C i t o i ? On TO «lh<jlc<W ^ Wit

?tO^Î
^1 ( W ' t t ^ ^ f i : ^ ^ ^ ^ C 5 l t o ^ ? t ^ T O I
0 4 CWPl^t^*! ^si^pItC? ^?J?t«t to ^ I
^•fflSj? ( C o n c l u s i o n ) :
? j ? ^ t t o ^tCT? ' R ? ? i ^ ^ f » ^ ^ l ? 1«f%05 wic? I
• *fftw? ^ : to *fi^ltc5*t^ ' { t o o ^ TO !>f»({.>*Hl5i 'srS? iQbMHl I

• tw*tT : /
i I to^ (mus to «q-Slâ3«R ' r f ? ? ^ TO to?2Fl^ i t ? iQblclHl I
I . t o 'i)«l1^Ct*PT «lR<VoWtl *I|Clfl>W C«tC^ ^ *ll£ifbt< <M«C^3? ^p^f^ tot=f I
o I (?n-(Rt05 uq41%t5«t^ t t o s ^ TO iQbMHl I
8 I V- W a W?WI I
• ^ (Theory):
I>IHC<*HI>i l t ? ^ ftPtt (RtC5 ifl^l^ct-H ^ •^?CT tos? WtSI% ^«tt lFtC^?« ^ ? t 5 I ?t
WsJt TOT ÎCSfbtW C?ft t«H^>St ^«.1S ^ I W R <imltc&»tit^to fit«l1 to ÎCifblH -^ptc^
V —E
l a = - ^ ^ — ^ ?sitc^ «ftr^ m i i t ^ ? t ? wf^ ? ^ W i t ^ ^ m « t o w c ^ ^î^ra ^ I
t ^ i ^ f t « ? t ? tfjiBwn C5:? lii^^ttcs^ w e ? ! ^ ^?CT f t « ? t ? ? ^ TOf ? t ? m i ^srnrsto
c«f??&w m '5(f%^'«f i t ? ? ^ -5? I W R *ti(.:?t.|? t^ltni'St ?ii?u5 «ftr^ m i ^H5(bi? ? ? t ^ N a ? t ^
^ttc^ I
Contents
ô8
. ^ L O A D
• ^ L O A D
D.C. F I E L D C U R R E N T
f53I ts.i -VW«
b I •i1t
^1 C ® 1 % ^ 3 0 0 v . - 6 0 0 V, A.C •itt
O I 'SIllPi'GK 0 - 5 A A.C • ott
8 I ^JlPttlH fe.ft 0 - 10 A •itt
<t\ to # ^ S 5 J 1 ^ (200 Q. 250 Q) •i1t
b\
<\ I P.V.C ^ 3/0.736 mm
b-l O p f ^ ^ e l ^ 1 4 / 0 . 1 9 3 m m
J»l TPIC ^ 3 0 A, 5 0 0 V i1t
iolSPST ^ 5A,250V i1t
ii D P I C ^ 10 A, 2 5 0 V -itt
• ^Ttf^ ^BluWtT (Circuit Diagram)
-Armature
(Stator)
0+
D.C Supply
Rheostal
Field
Plotor)
Contents
W ^ MTt (Working Steps) :

i I ^ >IM|V(M (7?1? ^ "ÎR <3Tnf¥s, ( t t o f ^t'sti:^ TOI"
^1 tMtîprif ^ ^ r t t o ^ ^ ? R 0 5 T O i
OI PtHt^^HM ^ t o ? w m WT TOT W i # îl.ft ^llCifblW >\<<\'A\KtoTOI Wl? C?Pt TOT W ^
5Rwn? ?mi? WI05 TO I

81 'it? sfi? tosFRi^ ^Ns = 'rf^ ^'sR i w ^ ifi4ifei3*R £n:?it^ TO I
'iiî^cc*!^ TOI cs^tof? to toii^pTm ^ûs ^ # } ? wtcsto "gw c w a ? -JTIII

TO ?1? ITOTC?lt? f3iHC'iJ'HI>i i t o s ^3?Oo sttW I
ft I fttt?QlRt? Tf^ ^J^toati:? to TOI
b I tot?>QM ' t o ^ ^ f m i *t1^ •£f^=f I
11 t t ^ M ^ 1%'«t^ m ? ^ » t o ^ IWH5 If
lal Ia2 Ia3
• ?ran>F5j * t o ^ « r (Result Observation) :
• 'Tt??!^:
i I to ^ ? l t % i tosTi? ^RP^?5?<11
^1 *ilCifbH ^S?ltfe?, toetC? >I'S|^<IH I '
o I ^ i ^ R i « i r < ^sjTfti m c?t5^ cmt^cm ?ni c ^ i i ^ srcsrn ^?uo TO
8 1 !>iHc*i5'i'im ^ t t o s wmi? 1 ? t w ^ liiwfet^ to TO I
T T O ? ^ : mit to t ^ t w R wit^t^ to t i t ^ ? j ? ^ T O w ^ ^ ! t i « iiî«j

^ W f (Starting t h r e e p h a s e i n d u c t i o n m o t o r (squirrel cage) b y Auto t r a n s f o r m e r
s t a r t e r u s i n g relay a n d timer.)
^l7«f*tT (Objectives):
i I wti-^w^mi? %fto? ^ to cm csn^ ^?j?t^ I
^ I ^ ? l t ^ t 5 TO iRbMHl ^raf^ WHt I
OI wc5t-tt*l*^îlN%ito?w<sf«fi#^^p=^?m*n?«nRTSI
Contents
lii. ft C5ift!Tyr- ^
• w : W I & # t w n ? ^ TO 2f«TW R i t ^ csit'^C'Si?) 5 7 . 7 % (-7=—] ^ 1 ^ I mm t r t f t i
TO ft?t*tw%ft I tor m i t i ^ w i w ^ mm t i t s f ft«ff?«f TO cfT^sTn ?tr® 7 5 % c^fw 8 o %
H c 5 mm (;î3?)C<» ^Î^M^ >ITI<)I)ic45,< m^ ^ TO 1 tot ^ ^ < "^TTO® ' I ' F ( r t s FTOI

M O O I
• ^ (TTIEOIY):
C5rf5? 51^ ^^?t? WR ( T s n : ^ ^•irwR, to ^ 1 W I & T - S T W P R M mm (mf^ ?#cii
• 8tCirt^S% ? 3 l t 1 ^ (Tools a n d e q u i O p m e n t s ) :
(1) 3-<|), 4 4 0 V , 2 H P ^ ^ t W N C ^ - b l t
(2) to cm "s^^^mma
(3) (^Cv»lfSil3|<-ii1t
(4) f - 5 t ^
( 5 ) tilrrl?^, ' s t ^ - b l t TO I
• imm (Materials) :
b I ftf^^ (7/0.036")-bo to?,
• ^«JPIMTO:
Contents
L i , L 2 , L3 -^3-(t)Îlt^ R , S - > W ^ B J I ^ ^ O L C S T T ® tlfîW TOR T i . t 2 . T3 -> C H ^

BlPf-lH S T O P %f ^ START ^ T R -> tltl^l 1h?T T R . T O - ^ T R ^<f*l^ ^mlf^ 'G^'R
l^rBjIt ^ i f ^ T R , T C - > T R ^ m t ^ r C ^ t ^ W B n t S T - ^ ^ W B j I t l R N - ^ l R W S n t l I
• <'Her^ f f l (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
L l^Ht%^H5Tm^«sJ^TO'Qltf¥lC5l%^Ht^
a H ^ wRTwm ciiii3ic<> ^lU'iwi Hc?i ^ i w t n i

4. ^ttNl-st flC^T villi ^ t l W >li^«1»volc<l ^?Jltn "WT TO^ fWT ^l»1«H<l tfraH 1
5. ^ N i l ^ fif«iw ^ villi 5-7 ( ? n : ^ t i i H TO I
a csff&cii%f5'<3it1î^5R^*r<ti^cti5ji I
• 1 ^ (Calculation):
• I t l l H ^ (Precaution):
1. CH^m W9m >ii^4voiw 1 ^ % 5 w o o TO villi <:TtHfif&^ ^ ^ t f l i s ^ 1^1%^ w o o TO i
a %1^kll C^-C^tC^vSt TOl^ CeTP5TOl^1 ^ ^srtO^twt ^ TO ^ TO I
•a fifsfW î'«=in5 %fu vs f ^ ^ « t 5 C«IW7sec 1 1 I R i f ^ m f ^ TO 1
4. 37lWr*T ^tWfOl w o o "TO i
5. ^wistîi îi^ntipf t ^ r g c ^ w o « TO I
6. C^<3l10«*fB'H"51 C > i f ^ ^ l t ' ^ " T O I
• ^ • f y f ^ (Conclusion) : «tT^ ^ F H T O t l t^feoo W O S TO I
-iin : (^-^ cifsi ciUpsrm i J i H i w UitwK 9 ^ "snuw c i ^ t a t t i i t ^ f ^ * R chbi

5TeTH w t (Starting three p h a s e induction m o t o r (wound rotor) b y stepped r e s i s t a n c e
method using timer relay.)
^W*tT (Objectives):
^ ) c%»f cifif%jt^ ^ ^ ^ P ' t c ^ w i H t 1
C%TE ClBtîH ^fttara mm t i l t^tl5«R csjfBl Tf«^5t vs ^
•pt^Rtl
n) (;ifBi:i citi ^ i ^ n w ? ? T ^ ^ ' m - ^ ' T i i i i ^ ' t I
^ (Theory):
tiff f i i t ^ t ^ csffBcii %tiî 15¥ < # H o R i ^ vara c?#i >)if¥<;!3i Hc««t w w m cit^t^rm t ^ ( % ^
citn w t ^ 115^ CH05 ^ citlf^t^ vfRi cif^
W ftOl I ClfBl ^Hl^clJ wtSf^JN ' r t l H o i R l ^ ^ t ^ & l t i ^ l f l C S T l H l K S f 1 T « 1 ^ : ^
Contents
• 2tI3niSf%Tr5lt1% (Tools a n d e q u i O p m e n t s ) :
(1) to 440 C«I%,2 ^ f t ^ m to % ^ ^ t W t i T cs#5i-i,1t
(2) c%ct^ c ? i t ? cgflfSrN %fSt?-i1t
(3) >flC«Pt5H-ii1t
(4) ^-wit«m, mm, ^ twif^ i
• ^mm (Materials):
f ^ f i ^ Wl? 7 / 0 . 0 3 6 " - i o to?, ^H>IW«R C t t £|(.^l>S?HV|'>s i
START STOP
MainM
Contactor
Maintaintng
Contactor
foL
I JTRI Y PRRAL ITR3
Motor •
O O P I 1—1 1—1 1—1
L i , L2, L3 ^ 3-(l) ^ M ^ C S I ^ ^%tt?, OL ^ ^ m t f t C ^ l ^ tow Wf5l#M?«T,
• S i , S2. S3 ^ S i t f t i t o ? 5 i : t f ^ > ^ , A i , A2, A3 ^ t i t f t i to'Tiflft wfSrtl? t r i , t r 2 .
TR3 ^ t t t f ^ l to, R i , R2, R3 ^ wfstîM STOP %t ^ ?f&^ START
W O T ? ?T»r (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
L ?i'nf% est? C5tw w ? ^s?tt¥i c 5 t o ?t«F05 TO I

Z iil(.«llvi'B|W< >||^|«J CV1!13W<1 tlto^T f b t o ^ ? ^ TO I
a ^5Tit^ csnt?!^ % t t o ? ^ ' i t o ^"vC?!^ w ^ TO i
4. ^ynf^M??i"?W^^TOC5nt?^?5?o»TOi
5. csrto? ?^2t«ft^ ' t o ^ t I ? t t o T ?T ? # : ? f ? % (mus TO w?2t«rr^
«to^t I
Contents
?mto ;ôji.
• tot? (Calculation) ^ W H W T (Result) :
• >[t?«Jt5r5t (Precaution):
1. CVIII3M<I ciHiRIB ^ t t t o ^ f S t o TO I
2. %lto?tosw°v*f m?.^^%tttC?I^M c5%TOtoTOl
a îcmt ?T05 ^ ^ ( ? i t o W ? i ^ TO I
4. cm ?5%tt ?IT;^ to ^ ^ ^wj ^mus ^ I
5. "^m^ tr^^CFiS wtOo TO I
a 3-(|), 440V«Tlt^, voI^^?fWWSf^?OoTO I
7. (Wft^ ?TC^ ^ ^ ^ (Tfto tor^ to TO I •
• §*t^?Sj? (Conclusion^ : WTITOI? R>I^c^ "SIW WiOo TO I
• i^C?? ^ : to t l t ^ ? J ? ^ TO to C¥tora W f ^ ' t ^ ^ ^ l i (Performing to

reverse t h e direction o f r o t a t i o n of t h r e e p h a s e i n d u c t i o n m o t o r u s i n g relay a n d
timer.)
• (Objectives):
i I to CTto? \^km to t t o « ^ ?5?T I
AI sR:?T^t% t?iiit%^ ^ iiMiiiiw?! TRt i t o « "5^?t I

oi to, tos ^%tU ^?jpnt W H 1
81 ( t o n f t t o ? mm RPM f t o f W R I
• ^ (Theory) :
to (?ps? WIUM^ m to c?o»t ^ cTOi? 'ft?'°nf?^ ^ i w r t t t o ^ TO w ? t ^ to
csrto? ^ ?n:? i w?=t »£i CÔT? W ^ ^sffe, CJP^ totopi f t o « b i ? Ti?i5<i
a^^TM ^"fRrsTR ^ cwH? to'? ' t f ? ? ^ TO ?t?f 1
• atC?ItW% ?3*rtf% (Tools a n d e q u i O p m e n t s ) :
(1) 1 ^ cjpist (3) 5?f ft^?i?, 4 4 0 t ^ i w i ^ csrtt^-iit, (2) to cm, w t t o t o -jp^ûr^-toft
^ - i 1 t (3) ^-iijl^^l^, tm^, "E^-blt TO 1
• N H N H (Materials) :
'a'
± t^tftft ^ (7/0.036") -bo fttra, '^')JiW*Pf C5t'
-,•>
I
Contents
OL
Li, L2. L a ^ t o t ^ n t ^ , T i . T2, T3 UlPfHH OL - > -Q^l?!!:^ Wm WitjTt TOM, F ~ )

TORfl^tor <>^Jtl^, R toft to Wtjlt^, M FOR ^ TOTW <I"Rf5^, R e v l - 3
WOT? ?t*t (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :

L ?Ifrt% TO ^¥ff¥l CBtor It^lOo TO I
2. i£io»tf¥5i? ?T m mm c^rtora t t t ^ t o cimiRIB f^-fu ? 5 g ^ TO i
a TOWl^-toft ^ ^ % t % ' f r a ^ ^ f ^ t o w « TO! I
4.
Si TF^mf^ mm csrto 'mmt^ ^?c^ toi
%f ? % m i k i w j csrttros « f t t o c^rfs? ^sr^ toft ?h ^ TO f?tft^
a tewtw^ I
^#T?i t t o ^ »TO ?sf? I
7.
to? (Calculation) « W ( m ( R e s u l t ) :
•
• ' T t ? ? ! ^ (Precaution):
1. O l t o ? ClMlQIU UIPTHM >lf^'^«TC? f ^ t o ^ ? ^ TOI
Z ^11?!^ ^ 1
a c s r t o ? ^^^r TOt?t^ c«tw toi^ (?T?t? 'ji:? CTit? « r t t o to TO I
4. ^TWT tor ?s%it <p<icvs TO I
& cWT ^ ? j ? m ? i ^^%T% to «tTO w ? ^ I
'b. (W^fTQ ?T05 ^ ^ ^ CTto tot? ijH to TO I

• ^•PTISJ? (Conclusion) : ? m ^'R>'&vs!? R>I^C^ -siW «f?:?r®R I
Contents
: i<to fsrf^
wc?? ^ : tor « Ui^viM TO to^^ c ^ n ; ^ s f t o t ? to cm t^rwN csfto? tf^
1^Wf I [Speed c o n t r o o f t h r e e p h a s e i n d u c t i o n (squirrel cage) u s i n g relay a n d t i m e r
by reduced voltage m e t h o d ] .
^W*tJ (Objectives):
i I to t ^ i w R wiGm t % ^?i'=f ^ ^ ^ I
^ Iw ^ tnfî ^ ^ t o (TStra ?5 cîcnJfit ^y!???K to tf% ft?ia«i i
^ (Tiieory):
tos 'ratoo to c^rto? t % ^ ? i n ?in i m f?f^t^ c « t c ^ WW^T I ^
sttot? tofti-ct) wt&t S f ' S i w r m to crot ? m i ? TO to -a titsrm m •5n*ow t n f t i
t t o « ^ < ^ csrfBt? tos ^^nx;^ cîc^^s? sfwtt ^ tos 'ttos c^rit? y m r w n -^mi i
*id3lljt-»iv^v)l< ^fgj? 1 ^ TO^3 M ^ i m mm %tc? Wl c^lcêjejOTft w c * TO j
2iWfSf%f ?3|»ftt% (Tools a n d e q u i p m e n t s ) :
(1) to cm, 2 ^ 1t>GTfH 4 4 0 C«T^ t^W^fT C5ff5?-i1t, (2) wjtT-tT'iwrm « to ^ >tt,
(3) liimf^, f-si^«m, trmm, -51^-if TOI
UNIHW ( M a t e r i a l s ) :
ftl^ ^ ( 7 / 0 . 0 3 6 " ) - 1 0 to? t ^ I ^ ' P t C51 ^tC^1'St'l^ô I
TiWtt to:
:R 4:R
,
iH
Aiilo^
Tronsfouoer
1
START
OL OL STOP
—ojo— o - 0 -
•T ^H^CD ,
L l , L 2 , L 3 - > 3 - ( t ) * , R, S - > W i 5 j n ^ ^ , O L ( ? T 1 \ 5 1 ? t o T O I ? , T i , T 2 , T 3
0 # ? ttfStol, S T O P . - > %1 START W TR tltfti to, TO TR
HtJiflPl >GT:»R ?5J#Ttt T C T R ^?f?ft ' m t f t (35li^- ^HlJjtS S T W ?5I#yl^ R N _ ^ ^
Wtjf^l
Contents
• WOT? •(tf (Working Procedure) :

L fitC?tt^% ^ I t l f ^ « iJMlUM îsf^ W ? >8?tf¥l C 5 t o ? t ^ TO I
2. i£IC«l(v|l}lWnf¥t ^sj^ptf ^?J?t«t ^s^CvoTOI
a c ^ r t o ^ w ? t ^ £ f m ^ ^ t t o « ^ ^ r ® TO I
a zstism «t% i ? ! : ? ^ e t ?5?rvo'TO i

• % t ? (Calculation) ' Q W T t w r (Result) :
• ft1?Mt^ (Precaution):
1. tllvf-^H 'S Ctt^nt?!^ ^frf^^s^ 1^<if? TO I
2. >iiWJid[il« wn:^ TO I
a (W^ ^ i w t t to ^ itc^ w ^t'^f^ TO I

4. to « t t t ^ toivo w s j ? 5 ? c 5 tot OT't^ TO I
a cwtt^ ? t c ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ to^ ^ TO I
a £ic?iletH%?f ^ i w f t ^ '^'^^wTS w ^ TO i
• ^ I ^ I S I ? (Conclusion) : WTITOT? 1^t%U5 TO i
^ : i 8 m^m^-.^dom^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - i :
T T O ? ^ : t=^^mtofe c?fifgjm 2ff3Rmi to ^ t i t ^ ?T?^ TO to to f?°s c^nti:?? t i t o n

ftrrg't ( s p e e d c o n t r o l o f t h r e e p h a s e slip ring m o t o r b y i n s e r t e d r e s i s t a n c e m e t h o d
u s i n g relay a n d timer)
(Objectives):
1. • to (jm f a t % CSIIUM? ft?i«t l ^ i f ^ ^Ml^sfn i
2. ^ % i t o ? îwtt ^ I
^ (Tiieory):
^«tf?i m '^\Km c?lt? yfif¥ci3 wfit^jic*!^ ^ w i c?f% wr?r c ^ r t o ? n f t o t f t ? ? ^ ^ i M R T ^ J H
C?f»f ^ tf% W l ^ u q ? l w ( s T ^ j h WltC^TOftf% '?[f% f t ? I Mltw ^ Mfit^Jl*! ^ W ? %ttti t ^
t? < ^^ ^ I ^ c^f^ c^Ttvs to to »rr!:? I
2tOTt^%t ?l*tlf^ (TOOIB a n d e q u i O p m e n t s ) :
(1) f ^ cm, 4 ^ t t ^ ? t ? 4 4 0 C5t% fsrfl?°s t'StWt'T C5rf5?-i1t,
(2) to t t t ^ wf^JH it,
(3) ^ - 5 t ^ , tttrrtiR, ^ - i t TO I
y t f W r (Materials):
f^#ft ( 7 / 0 . 0 3 6 " ) - 1 0 f ^ ?12Hill>St'(i|vo ^HJiW«R (itf sidill'Si'lvjvo I
Contents
START STOP
Slip R i n g
fsai: i s . i c%'t^ c?it? w f ^ i M sffsBrm to csFSf cîi3c<!iM w ? ^Tnt¥i c5to ? W 5 TO I
2., 'iJC'otfMliiM^ maim cmtcti^ l>ifvf>jH ^ c f M t ^ f 5 t o ^ ? c ^ T O i

a %itoRt tos'tc?^ T R i ^ w i c ^ TO I
4. fsaiwjpiftîwTt^rts^^?c^TOI
s. G i i t o >i5i«K s w ^ ^ tos "^^^ ^ I
a csrto? ^ f c ^ TO I
• to? (Calculation):
• ' I t ? ? ! ^ (Precaution):
1. t i 1 ? t o ^ ciMlQID f^«f? ?T!:^ ^ ^ ^ I
2. ^?j?Tt Pi^^«i«lw wrc^ TO I
a (W^îwTt?!^ to^«rtT?p^.?T'^TO I
4. tot ^ tl^srt? t^WTe ? w ^^?c^ tot C'T'ti:^ TO I
a (W«ft^ ?ti:;^ ^ i ( ? ( T i t o tot? w ?r«fc® TO I
• ^f^?Sj? (Conclusion) : 2ft^ WTtrora WfC^ TO I
Contents
W I : i(Jo t ^ r f ^
^ : W t f t f t t ? tltf ftftl wm, l i ) ^ C ^ ^ a w t w i ) - s n s i T W ¥ m i (TO s t a r t a

single p h a s e c a p a c i t o r type ceeling f a n with a regulator).
(Objectives):
il C?SC«1l5w-s! ^ ftftl » ^ ) t H < îcmn I
c^l C?QWt5Wt) 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 fC?r# W H iRbM'll ^ I

OI W r t f t t ? f t f t l T O C S T ^ i m T O ^ ^ P ? T t I
^ (Theory):
(j(m centra? (7?t? ^Tdtfî W ^ ' ^ ' ^ 'rt^sHT^ ^?itfei ^ mit w n f t t ? Tr^n:??! ^
ftfest ^ TO lyfl^lM ^^mm 5fttw? ^ «fn;^, ^stc^p w n f t t ? ?M I ftfti ' ^ît
ftRc>Sf'itrcÎ wififtt? csrfB? 2 - ( t ) c^nt? m wisTi^Ti w t T f f t t ? 9tm? w?i:=f f i ^ T O
W t f e ? ^ ^ mi %fftl m W^'G W t f l f t t ? W S t TO I
2 t C ? r r ^ % ^gttf^ (Tools a n d e q u i O p m e n t s ) :
(1) l-(t),Wftftt?tl^f S O W , 2 5 0 V ftftlWt^-ilt,
( 2 ) ^ W - * C i a W l ! ' n ? l t o t l ^ f wm C?SI5#9-i1t
(3) tC^f^jSWtit^ W t f l f t t ? ( 2 . 2 / 2 . 5 ^ F D , 2 7 5 V } rit,
(4) « I J M i1t m i ( 5 ) f-JJjR^»W, mm, - ^ - i l t TO I
m\MM (Materials) :
(1) oMIm m ( 1 4 / 0 . 1 9 3 ftft)- fttH, (2) t f ^ R ?ftn ( 5 A 2 5 0 V ) - i t mi (3) '5H>lWiDl C 5 f -
fipiTtto:
o Auxlllory
o
No- 5 •Wnding
: ift : C^TSWIJM^ Tfic^f ftfti si^m ÎCTW

W O T ? '<T*f (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
L ? a f r t ^ ^ •sJM'mT ^l£t^ TO'GTnf¥l
2. 2TTn:«i? >ii4>t«j c'rfNS? ^ w%n1? ^mtfei c i H i Q t ^ 4 t i ^ f i t o ? ^
a ? ^ îwtnftro TO I
4. >{<AA\tt, C^m ^ ?t ?TO? TTK?! tv||l5<!tc<> ^ 2 l « T f C o TO I
a >i<i«k <?nn? i ? c^^c^rlJ^-a? «i<xw f Q ^ ^ - H TO f<i:<w^\ t i ^ TO ^ TO
,• ^*m«ST?T (Conclusion) : m ^ ^ T l T O T l f%f%Oa WOa TO I
W C ^ " H s r : v i R ^ C « f ( : ^ cm t^f^*t^ cHBl Ff^Rt w t ( s t a r t a s h a d e d pole i n d u c t i o n

motor).
^W*tJ (Objectives):
i I c\ws cm t ^ t ^ c s f t e i ^"sCitn,
o I t f ^ fltsn^f wt I
(Theory):
*ijto5^ cm ^ <si^ A . C , 1- cp ^ I TO t H i It «rtw H I iiiiPic^^ cm
s t a t o r H li) TOI^ HW i CTH^T ^tFRRt TOFT iflVIH^lW ^ Wt ^ Cl^ fT^ttftf^
t i f f i n cit??T5 ^ ^ I ctiic¥c*jii '^-^ Y^t^ ^ c^'^tm # 1 fitCTt i A . C . >rawf^
1i°s m mm v i f ^ 1^W&°s ^«ft. w ^ ^ ^ ô«ft " s j ^ ^ I
sjcolsfî) l ^ t t f ^ (Tools and equiOpments):
(1) ( ? w csife?
(2)^ (5A-220V) - i t ,
(3) f-5lt«m, •snriT^, CB%tl, T5tf I
(4) S P O T ^ -it^l
"srWlH t M a t e r i a l s ) :
O M I m '^-(t t^J!?T»R cBf t^sllf^ I
TÊlTt :
Clockwise
Roution
Contents
• m^ m (Working P r o c e d u r e ) :
2. liTCîfttm mm c%t?TOn^T?# TO tto TO I

a fSai w^mft 7f»jiit?t to TOI
4. >i<<i?ii^to ci3t<>ifvii3iw^ -Hiîwj ttron t t o f ? # i
a fifon^ c^sîîtg ^nto t f t o t ' t o ^ ^ t w t c^c^ i
• tot? (Calculation):
• t t ^ ' t t ^ (Precaution):
1. CTf5c??r2tt^^^yitootRf^to w r ^ T O I
' 2. ^?j?it t t o ? TO I
a ^ i c m t ^ «M«lw t^3?:2f5 TO I
4 (Conclusion) ; sft^ ^s^TlTOra ftto© W?1T WTTo TO I
S t u d e n t s Name : Roll: Dept. :

Semester : Shift: Section Session
• TfUt?R ( E v a l u a t i o n ) :
ill^
^l
?Tto
1. ' 50 30%
2. fSaj wjEftft '-liiTftt " f ' l s ^ ' l 30 30% -
3. 30 25%
4. 7rr?*iH\si ^s 5M>II^W 10 15%
ftTO5?^yr^ ^ 3 ^ ^

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Contents

c ^ - t ^ w ^ "^tcM >i<iy^i ^srrsii^ ^vffiiw< f*fW5H ^R>^^ic<? ^nto

sm^ « i w i ' ^ ^ i w m\ ^Nic<t> w n f ^ ?sw^ ^ ^atw? i ^

^ ? J » r i * l ^ * ^ ^lWlC<t> 'StHIW ^ ^ i f ^ I * f t o c ^ ^ItW^ ^ W ? ^ lilt

( ? f ^ ^stctfa i i v i H i ^ i i ^^m^ 'sm^'Q c5tt'^# ^ "s^w i

^.'^ iii<i>«5) c<i<°^Ti^ ^ M M t b^jcip^st ^ R ^ ' b m

jJiHCiiFRm v i U w ^ 4iiR;"v>ii5i 4 ^ ^ % ^ gffwra ii(f

di^;,9Tt^ ^ 55% (Y-A) ^SfSTi:^ ^>f[W17 f^*^

i£i^^ Bi^vif^ ^ d?*!^ c^rfwSim t^t^*pf

t k ^ ^^^i ^^twr FsHCJtp'St t ^ m R OTfg^ '^'^^ •^Q<^"'S

3 - 0 ^ ^ l < ^ * H ^ ^ C<Jil5?l ^ l 5 w « B t ^ j l * l >lf^C<IC»i^ ^Isj^iJ *lFoWM R^sil

i.i 8 ^ p ^ t W t o f ^[5#f% ( p r i n c i p l e o f alternator) :

^ ^ ^ ^otW5^ (magnetic field) I ^ ^iWblW 4 ^^tf^ C^STOS^ 1 ^

•^[^iwt wf wfCT^ ipm ^ 4,1% c^ic^st ^ I ^ f*i"*w

1% m^m. ^ ^ I wp^ ^, ^ ^^m^ (?r'sm f^, 1% c^himU^i

1^-5[tn I W f f ^ f ^ ^ C W ~ ^ ^ li)^ (Field) ^ I

1^, •Pf, csRTc#?r

4,1%, 33.2KV C^lC^Sr ^^.'[^ ^

i . « S ^tiJMMtJW^ •fl^t^'C'G'fT (Excitation m e t h o d s o f alternator)

^SI^NwtJW^ f^?:^ f^^ fTT, C o H ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ C^^SUlt^ l a - ^ t t c t ^ l f%g CMIw'OM'sI

^«tlf^ ^ LOOOA ^ IW c l ^ W '*)'i)l<WiJ«<

• «NT5T& (PILOT EXCITER) j — '5i^IM#A (ALTERNATOR)

>I)^®?L (MAIN EXCITER)

^ 1 W I >A|^HCH13^ ?ft^ ^ (SHUT down) W^'Q t^, I'SW^lK «ftW 1

W f t a t m ^ ^ « | 3 f ^TT&tt (Storage batteries) %It^ ^ ^^TtC^ sTtW tft^ 1'«t^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ s j ^

«ii^^'«t^ 1 ^ ^'sit ^ I ^^<i^B1c^ >^ ^ i ^ t f t iii^^t^!5t? <ij«^<N ^ ^ I ^mn

^ f K p n «^5y^ci5'D«5) ^ j r f ^ i -fifw^s 'siK^^tr:? A . c . cm:^ ^-^«nf^ ^ff^i ^

t^^=t ^ ^ I f^l^ cfH oi^mwÔT t f ^ n ^ 1w r ^îî

^gwf!; "^^fT® «f'^i?iw'i5«t] ^ f t ^ ^ 'G w i w m ^ c5?t*fCT?r ^ ' P T W <#^p«^ ^ 1 ^nn?^ w[

^ cnc® « r r ^ m w m ^ ^ < ^ ^^^^ vsi^HcHiJ^fiJ ^ ^ c i i : ^ sft?:^ 1 "^ifw^s

^I^i ^«iJwwt;w5i KVA load (M^ ^ ' W s i m fftsrpr ^ s ^ m ^ •^rm 1 c^rps k v a ,

^m^«t *m 50'kva ^^Wwt5wn ^ J ^ T t l ^ 1 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 5 , t^5Jl1W 1^1%^ T T e m

1 ft^irm ^^mtcii ^sn^-^ = 50 x i = 50 kw

0.8 " " "= 5 0 X 0.8 = 4 0 kw

f t ^ T f i ^ TPitt^ ^ f % c m ^ ¥ i ^ (w:-«t csrfiifCTi ^ T s n a i t i ^ l w ^<3Tri •^rm ^ i kva c#f ^ ^-TOJit

^1 * n % f & " f i ^ i ^ i J M [ m t f ^ : ' ^ % ' h i r , h ^ , ' o i , ' o % ' i o j

§ ^I^NWlJW^ ^ b a l k ^ f^, t%, C^lC'^St sm^ iq^Rcl5«R C«TC%^

T r f t ^ >i^i>iR 3 f * p ^ f ^ 'Tt'QTn^ f%wt c«r% w r P w ^ ( k v a = ^ f^0^ ^ i l^t^

C^aR^CSt « f m ^ "Q^PISI ^'Gm " W t ^ ^#5%cm^Tif5

^J§^ f f ^ ^^ , KVA «ltC^ ^gwl'v «^^Nt'^l5^ C^l KVA f^^tfw ^ 1

vb I ^ i ^ G M w l J w ^ "55r5 "^s^rf^ ^ < » f ? [wr^tPfm: 'o^J

'^mt^ w»t ^ I Ites^ ^^f% Tifss ^i'iJNwUfi ^^H^TOimit^ ^ i "^mH

\>\(^(M< "STrnm W fK^ I ^g^°v%fOlf% % ^'SIH ^ ^i|'^|«1Wl5^ 15p?l3Pf^ t f ^ ^ ^ t I ^ I M

c» I *|*B lewis's 1%?

A,C ^ <1>»lJCUiJfl D.C 'ft<3TIt ^ I

(t) &^Cilf*l<l ^t?f

^ 8 ^JH^NWUCUD f^R:^ t^, t% ^^mm troi ^ ^ ^ ^'^'s ^ltifbl«< ^«17 ^ t f ^

8 i£R^ % ^ 'sr«i5i<iwi3?i t ^ , t% >i<i<i<ii^ (m\ i

8 t% t-SfilMlSw ^ ^ # 5 3 3 . 2 k v (33200v) ^s.t^ ^ W I

8 f^, t% CStHlMlJW 3=f]:#5 1 5 0 0 v ^oft ^ W I

ill ^-^lUW^W^ C?ri^< K V A C ^ 1 % ^ ^ c^?

(Construction features of alternators)

^.i S *|*i5Mw'i3W5) af«(H '4>\9\M (list the main parts of alternator)

'pTRt ^ I <:*rf^ (Rotor) m^m?^ (Stator) ^ I ^

i. (Stator) ^ «ftCT5l? (Armature)

? «(lt<t>iw<l ^«(T (Advantages o f stationary armature)

i. 3-(i) ^^i<wi3w<i ^ ^^^mm f^, 1 ^ (yi'Q'm ^ ^ i

<l^'i|lM ^M5|t)Wl5M<1 33000 C«ll^ t W ^ ^ I 'i>[\(MbH ^

c^lcnJei ^yR:#5 6 0 0 v ^ I^ Slipring ^ ^^n^ 3 t C ^ 'il^l^BW s^<=\ ^

8. ^ ^if^fbiM^ w t l ^ f t w s t ^ * ^ c^»n^cet< isHj ^H^iwtJ ^ •^rm I

«(l<:Wbl<j(;<)»Rt'5f^ fip'iii'^ ^(•slI^W C ^ f f ^ ^ t M ( c e n t r i f u g a l force) ^^=t^^sf^^^mt

(Description o f s t a t o r frame and s t a t o r core)

^^r*f^ c^rf^^ QFc^ ^ ^ 1 • s r i r ^ - # 0 c?r5i?t

i£i^^ Bi^vif^ ^ d?!^ c^rfwSim t^t^pf

•^[^iwt wf wfCT^ ipm ^ 4,1% c^ic^st ^ I ^ fi"w

c» I |B lewis's 1%?

^.i S |i5Mw'i3W5) af«(H '4>\9\M (list the main parts of alternator)

t ^lOWl^l'iJl'SlwUiJ ( T u r b o - a l t e r n a t o r s ) llPlQa<?7l51 C^tl^T ^ 1 ^ <inw l vsrttsi ^TC)! ^

IJli1«B Ctt«T C?rfB^

^ I^ «(wi? ^ 1 ^ Rfni t'^t^^ ^ mi ^TOiFHf^ 'sfB^:^ c^gtc^ (^mH