INTRAMUROS: PRESERVING ITS HISTORICAL BEAUTY

A thesis Presented to the

School of International Hospitality Management

World Citi Colleges

Quezon City

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements in Research (Thesis 1)

Of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

AMPLER, JUDY ANN

DATO, KLARIZZE REGINE D.

GAGARIN, APRIL JAYNE

HUGO, ARLON JOHN

JAO, ANGERICA

SALAS, MARJORIE

TOTANES, CZARINA
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Approval sheet

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Review of Related Literature

Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework

Research Paradigm

Statement of the Problem

Assumption

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Definition of Terms

2 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Population and Sampling

Respondents of the Study

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Statistical Treatment of Data

 CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The story of Intramuros is an incredible one as it has been witness to many key

events that comprise the history of the Philippines. It has been the scene of multi-cultural

contact among the Chinese, Spanish and American nations; it has seen the repression and

oppression of the Filipino people; it has been the symbol of foreign occupation by the

Spanish, Japanese and, to certain extent, the United States. It is also a story of

colonialism, de-colonialism and the development of national identity, for instead of

hiding these relics of a past that brings up mixed images in the Filipino heart, the people

of the Philippines have embraced this site full heartedly and made it their own. It is today

a proud Philippine attraction, as well as a fully functioning part of Metro Manila.

Today, Intramuros gains attention because of its renovated infrastructures and

sceneries while the historical essence of the old buildings with Spanish influences is

maintained. As future tourism practitioners, it came to our attention that Intramuros can

be a potential site in promoting Philippine culture and heritage. With our eager desire to

help, we wish to identify and focus on the influences regarding the current progress with

the increasing number of tourists within the location. Through conducting quantitative

and qualitative methods of research we will have a lucid view of how tourism growth is

affected by the newest trends in the tourism industry

Intramuros holds the key to the door of our rich history. Because of our eagerness

to rediscover the city of our ancestors’ dreams, we have followed the footsteps of our
heroes and went to visit our past. When someone says, ‘Manila Cultural and Heritage

Tour’ one might think of Intramuros in an instant. In this walled city, people would usual

go to Fort Santiago, to Manila Cathedral or to the San Agustin Church. These places are

the most preserved and developed places in Intramuros, but there is more in this place

than those ‘usual’ locations.

A Cultural and heritage site shares a great role in the formation of a country’s

culture and history. It is expected that the Filipinos would uphold the institution that

history brought us. There has been a cultural property that includes the safe

guarding it from an intentional and on purpose destruction. “It has been suggested that

greed and violence are the greatest threats in cultural properties.” (Torres, 2005) The

physical care must also been preserved as a composition of the cultural property. It has

been significantly important to the community, however, to be effectively protected it

must deal with specific vulnerability.

Cultural heritage preservation started because of the desire of preserving cultural

relics in Europe to the enlightenment which led to the appreciation of the material

culture. It was mentioned that the Non-Western culture tends to value the spiritual view

more than the material view of the past. For effective heritage tourism, it must emphasize

the flexibility and adaptability with the site, enables to meet consumers' needs and

integrated with other systems. It must be from the society that wants to conserve a

specific place.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local Related Literature

Within the walls of Manila’s Intramuros, the original Spanish settlement, the

Spanish colonial influence onto the nation and people persists through Intramuros’

continued usage and significance to the modern city; through ethnography and

archaeology, this study aims to analyze modes through which the Filipino people and

government interact with and represent their history and identity. I hope to examine the

conflict between everyday functional uses of the site by its inhabitants, the traditional,

bygone uses of an elite class, and the increasing gentrification, as mediated by the

management of and renovation by the Intramuros Administration. Pedestrian surveys,

questionnaires, archival research, and interviews with key governmental agencies and

community advocates will address questions about the continued role and importance of

Intramuros in terms of its spatial and cultural legitimacy to modern Filipino identity. This

approach to a study of Intramuros drives understanding into the inner workings not only

of Manila the city, but that of the people themselves in relation to their past, their

government, and their presentation to the world at large.

The Intramuros Administration (IA), an agency of the Department of Tourism, is

celebrating its 36th anniversary on April 10, 2015. It was created by Presidential Decree

1616 in 1979, with primary task of preserving the rich cultural and historical heritage

within the 64-hectare walled city of Intramuros.

IA efforts have transformed Intramuros into a top tourist destination. The United

Nations World Tourism Organization cited the IA for its unique approach in
implementing Intramuros reconstruction as tourism development model for heritage

conservation. IA is being assisted by businesses, establishments, and universities to

preserve and restore buildings, monuments, and forts. They make the area more tourist-

friendly, and provide transports such as kalesa, jeepney, pedicab, and electric chariot, or

encourage walking along its wide, cobblestone streets.

Republic Act 597 declared Intramuros a National Historical Monument. Over the

years, IA has restored five original stone gates – Isabel II, Parian, Real, Santa Lucia, and

Postigo – as well as plazas – Plaza Roma, Plaza Sampalucan, Puerta Sta. Lucia, and

Puerta del Parian Revellin. Developed as tourists spots were Fort Santiago, and the

adjacent Maestranza Wall, used as soldiers’ quarters during the war. Rebuilt were Casa

Manila, a museum depicting 19th Century lifestyle, and El Amanecer, a reproduction of

19th Century townhouse. Museo de Intramuros, reconstructed on the site of old San

Ignacio Church, showcases a cultural and historical collection from the Spanish era to the

pre-war period, including religious images, tableware, sanctuary silver, inlaid furniture,

ceramics, and wood objects.

Intramuros was the seat of government as well as center of commerce, education,

politics, and religion during the Spanish period. It served as main trading link between

Spain and China. In exchange for Spanish silver, Chinese traders gave silks and fine

finished products, which the Spanish transported to Acapulco. Established by Miguel

Lopez de Legazpi in 1571 along the bank of Pasig River, it was built to protect the

government seat from foreign invasion, with towering walls separating it from the rest of

Manila. It was heavily damaged during the war, but has since been restored by IA to its

former glory.
 Here are beautiful churches such as San Agustin Church, a UNESCO world

heritage site, and the Manila Cathedral, as well as the Governor’s Palace, the official

residence of Spanish officials. The national shrine Fort Santiago is where national hero

Dr. Jose P. Rizal was detained before he was executed in Bagumbayan, now Rizal Park.

A bust of Dr. Rizal is found at Intramuros’ ASEAN Garden.

Foreign Related Literature

The UN World Tourism Organization, through its Secretary-General Talib Raifi,

has recently commended the Intramuros Administration (IA) for its unique approach in

formulating the Intramuros Master Plan (IMP) as a consultative tourism development

model for heritage conservation. IA Administrator, Jose A. Capistrano, Jr. with his team,

will highlight the components and the reasons behind the IMP with the end objective of

enhancing Intramuros as a sustainable tourist attraction.

Built on the 16th-century palisades of Raja Sulayman’s fort, it was during the

country’s the Spanish colonial era. Although left untouched in recognition of its heritage

qualities by the 1905 Daniel Burnham Plan for Manila, which was commissioned in the

early days of the American colonial government, Intramuros did not survive World War

II. Bombs practically wiped out Intramuros during the American reconquest of Manila in

the last days of World War II.

A walk through Intramuros today is a study in contrasts: of sensitively restored

fortifications and the World Heritage San Agustin Church; of reconstructed Spanish-era

bahay-na-bato standing in brute contrast next to blocks of informal-settler dwellings, a

sight that dashes romantic notions of reviving bygone colonial Intramuros gentility.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/THEORETICAL FRAMWORK

This study will focus on how government preserves Intramuros’ historical beauty.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

- Demographic
This aims to
profile of the
analyze the past
respondents in
and present life of
terms of: - Conducting of
the city that plays a
survey through
a. Age big part of the
distribution of
b. Gender culture and history
questionnaires
c. Nationality of our country.
-Analysis of Data Also, this will
-Preserving
Collected make Filipinos
Intramuros’
appreciate and give
historical beauty -Discussion of the
importance of the
be described in Data
past to the future.
terms of:
a. Historical
Structures
b. Attractions
c. History
d. Location
e. Culture

Feedback
RESEARCH PARADIGM

The locals from Manila will be the input of this study. They will be the one who

will answer the questionnaire provided by the researchers because they are familiar about

the historical beauty of Intramuros and the questions that will be provided by the

researchers. Thus, they will be able to give appropriate and best answers to the

researchers. They will be determined and segregated in terms of their demographic

profile including their age, gender and nationality.

In the process of doing this research paper to get the output, the researchers will

conduct a survey through distributing questionnaires made, and analysis and discussion

of the gathered data.

This aims to analyze the past and present life of the city that plays a big part of the

culture and history of our country. Also, this will make Filipinos appreciate and give

more importance of the past to the future will be the output of this research study. It will

also identify the impact of Intramuros in the line with the tourism industry.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will find out how government and locals preserve Intramuros historical

beauty. Specifically, this study will answer the following questions:

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Gender
 c. Nationality

2. How does the government and locals preserve Intramuros’ historical beauty be

described in terms of:

a. Historical structures

b. Attractions

c. History

d. Location

e. Culture

3. Is there any significant relationship between the demographic profile of the

respondents and variables of preserving Intramuros’ historical beauty?

4. Is there any significant difference among the variables of preserving Intramuros’

historical beauty?

ASSUMPTION

There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the

respondents and the variables of preserving Intramuros’ historical beauty.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Researchers

The study aims to give valuable information to the researchers on how to

ameliorate and embellish the city of intramuros and on how to preserve its historical

beauty with regards to the industry of tourism.

Tourist

The tourist can help by encouraging other tourist to explore and acknowledge the

beauty of Intramuros. Thereafter, the growing number of tourist would be a great help

also a huge contribution to the country.

Community

The study brings knowledge and awareness to the community furthermore, this

will increase their idea about the place. For this reason, the community would be more

appreciative and cautious about their area.

Students

This study would be significant to the tourism students thus using this as their

reference for the future studies.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study will focus on preserving Intramuros’ historical beauty. The

respondents will be one hundred (100) locals from Manila. They will be segmented by

means of their age, gender, and nationality. These will be the respondents of the study

because they are the people familiar to one of the historical places in the Philippines

which is Intramuros as well as the questions that will be provided thus, will be able to

give the best answers that will be needed by the researchers.

The purposive sampling will be used in selecting the respondents in this study.

This is the sampling that will be used because the researchers have set a particular

characteristics that they will need for their respondents such as locals or tourists who

have known the historical place Intramuros and have a thorough knowledge about the

said place. The qualifications set by the researchers should meet by the respondents. The

research instrument that will be used is a survey-questionnaire that will consist of two (2)

parts: Part one (1), the demographic profile and part two (2), the preserving Intramuros’

historical beauty be described of: historical structures, attractions, history, location and

culture.

This study will focus only on the mentioned variables of preserving Intramuros’

historical beauty.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Attractions - something interesting or enjoyable that people want to visit, see, or do.

Beauty - the qualities in a person or a thing that give pleasure to the senses or the mind.

Culture - a particular society that has its own beliefs, way of life, art, etc.
Historical - arranged in the order that things happened or came to be.

Infrastructure - the basic equipment and structures that are needed for a country, region

or organization to function properly.

Locals - characterized by or relating to position in space; having a definite spatial form or

location.

Preserving - to keep something in its original state on in good condition.

Site - the place where something (such as building) is, was or will be located.

Tourism - the activity of travelling to a place for pleasure.

Tourists - a person who travels to a place for pleasure.

 CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Descriptive method was used in the study, specifically the survey form to gather

the data needed in the study. The instrument gives information that primarily describes

the preservation of Intramuros’ historical beauty. It describes what is. It describes with

emphasis what actually exists such as current conditions; practices; situations; or any

phenomena.

Population and Sampling

The study focused on the local residents of Manila, their perspective regarding the

historical beauty of Intramuros. The target population consisted of 100 local residents in

Manila.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the local residents in Manila. They are the

chosen respondents because they are knowledgeable about the preservation of the

historical beauty of Intamuros.

Research Instrument

The study used a comprehensive and structured form of survey. Respondents are

to check the box of their respective answer. The survey consists of ten questions in a

form of likert scale.

Data Gathering Procedure

The study acquired necessary data and information needed through the use of

survey. This survey was distributed to one hundred respective residents of Manila. On the

day the survey form was approved, data gathering started and it ended on the same day.

Statistical Treatment Data

After gathering the data it was organized and analyzed. With the used of

frequency count, percentage, weighted mean and chi square test, the answer to the study

can be calculated and interpreted.

1. Frequency Counts- this classified the respondents according to their gender wherein

arithmetical was made.

2. Percentage- this is used as descriptive measure to determine the frequency of

respondents against the total number of respondents this will how the profile of the

respondents.
 f
p= x 100
n

Where: p = percentage

f = frequency

n = total number of respondents

3. Weighted mean – to get the perception of selected individual from Manila in terms of

their gender.

4. Likert Scale

SCALE VERBAL INTREPRETATION

5 Strongly Agree
4 Moderately Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

5. T- test – to test the significant difference between the perception of male and

female individual from the residents and tourists in Manila.

REFERENCES
http://www.mb.com.ph/preserving-intramuros-illustrious-past/

http://web.stanford.edu/group/howiwrite/blog/archives/2005/12/literature_revi.html