Thesis 1 Chapter 1

CHAPTER I
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION
This chapter discusses the overview of the project as recognized by the
proponents and the factors considered in selecting the project design entitled “Proposed
Design of New Sto. Tomas Public Market and Parking Facilities located in Sto. Tomas
City, Batangas.” To further elaborate on the proposed project, this chapter presented the
project background, location and the objectives of the project.
A. Project Background
Public Market is a structure that serves as the trading center in a certain city or
municipality. According in Senate Bill No.664, “An Act to Provide for a Five-Year
Public Markets Program Involving Infrastructure Improvement, Microfinancing Support,
Institutional Advancement and Consumer Protection” or also known as “Public Markets
Infrastructure Development, Micro-Financing Support and Related Skills Training
Program Act of 2010”, public market is the primary foundation of Philippine's trade and
commerce. It is the place where basic food items and other commodities needed by
consumers are displayed on open stalls and offered at a low price possible. The public
market makes a great contribution not just to the general income and welfare of cities and
municipalities, but also into other aspects such as livelihood opportunities and marketing
services.
A public market is a year-round, carefully crafted, intentional and diverse medley
of owner-operated shops, stalls and/or “daytables”. Public Markets exists to fulfill a

Proposed Design of New Sto.Tomas Public Market…
Maalihan, F.H., Malolos, J.L., Niverca, J.M. Chapter I: Project Description and
Definition
public purpose, showcase a community’s unique character and culture while serving its
everyday shopping needs. They typically focus on the sale of a full array of fresh,
healthy, value added, and prepared foods – often locally grown or produced. They are
sometimes rounded out by crafts and/or a variety of needed neighborhood businesses.
They usually include a seasonal, outdoor farmer’s market component.
The Public Market or the “Palengke” is the face of business in the different cities
and municipalities of the country, particularly in the non-metropolitan areas. Markets in
the Philippines often showcase a combination of local produce products and goods from
their works for a cheap price. What can be found in the markets greatly depends on the
islands and the season. Aside from common tropical fruits like bananas and mangoes,
famous fruits are often associated with places, not only that, local products and crafts also
vary depending on where they originated from. However, the typical public market is
usually characterized by poor waste management sanitation standards, presence of
unprincipled vendors, lack of compensation mechanism for consumer complaints, and no
established systems of operations. Despite this, many traditional public markets have
been rehabilitated and reconstructed to better assist the growing demand for agricultural
and local products and to appeal to more commercialized consumers.
The inception of a public market was basically affiliated in the birth or founding
of a certain town as it plays an important role in the history, culture, and economy of a
place. The status and credibility of a town can also be seen on their kind of public
markets they have built, and at the same time, public markets also depict the total
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Definition
population a certain town has for it needed to serve its purpose as a place for trading off
and accumulating of goods needed by the consumers on that particular area. The public
market is the place where trading of goods happens, and this is also one of the reasons
that entice the migration of people and ended putting up settlements resulting in an
increasing population. For these reasons, it’s been a must for the local government not
just to provide and make sure that their public market could still sustain the needs of the
consumers, secure the safety of the micro and small entrepreneurs, but also to secure its
public market structural integrity.
Sto. Tomas City in Batangas province was one of the oldest towns located at the
foot of the legendary Mt. Makiling which is sixty (60) kilometers south of Manila, and
occupies a total of 10, 032 hectares, as certified by the Land Management Bureau. The
city of Sto. Tomas currently has the old one-storey public market that was constructed
during the regime of former President Jose P. Laurel administration (1943-1945). It
occupies 1.299 hectares and is located at Barangay II, and the other one is the newly
constructed two-storey building that was built last 2018, that is intended for commercial
spaces. Based on interview with the head engineer of the City Engineering Office, Engr.
Padullo, the newly constructed two-storey building will remain and only the existing one-
storey public market will be demolished and will be replaced since it is old and at the
same time, since Sto. Tomas is now a city, meaning there is an increased population, the
public market must also undergo development in order to meet the demand of the
consumers.
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Definition
He also added that aside from meeting the demands of the consumers, the new
building that will be built as a replacement for the one-storey public market, will also
give more job opportunities to the residents of the Sto. Tomas City. Meanwhile, at Sto.
Tomas Public Market, it has been observed that the vicinity is jam-packed due to the
insufficient parking spaces. Figure 1 shows the left side of the existing public market that
is adjacent to the newly constructed 2-storey public market which is also shown in Figure
2.
Figure 1. Side View of the Existing Old Public Market
As shown in Figure 1, the current public market houses different stalls and
buildings for market products like meat, fish, fruits and vegetables. Sunday serves as their
4
Definition
market day during which, transient vendors occupy portions of the parking areas around
the vicinity. Since the market building is too old, proper maintenance on the building is a
must for its improvement by the market administration. The stalls on the old public
market are not sorted according to products and services each one offers leading to
confusion to buyers in the public market especially those who are first time buyers.
Figure 2 shows the two-storey public market that is constructed in the year 2018.
This new building is adjacent to the existing old public market. The public market houses
different stalls offering different products and services each.
As shown in Figure 2 is the newly constructed two-storey public market that is
Figure 2. Newly Constructed Two-Storey Public Market
intended for commercial spaces. Located in the first floor of this building are the stalls for
bakery, bank, pawnshop and remittances, health, wellness and hygienic products, laundry
shop, flower shop, barber shop, school and office supplies, water refilling station, bike
5
Definition
shop, travel agency, dental and optical clinic, administration office, food cart, and etc. At
the second floor of this building, the stalls located here are the fashion boutique, health
and wellcare, cellphone services and accessories, imported goods, computer services,
footwear, food court, and etc.
According to the City Government Department Head – Market, Dante M. Austria,
the existing old public market was never been renovated ever since it was built. It can
also be observed that the stalls were not organized based on the products each one sells
and majority of the parts of this existing old market were already worn out. Figure 3
shows the current state of the roof and trusses of the existing old public market, while
figure 4 shows one of the stalls that were already worn out.
As shown in the
Figure 3. Roof and Trusses of the Existing Old Public Market
Figure 3, most of the roofs and roof trusses are not in good condition anymore. Some
6
Definition
roofs were damaged and needs to be replaced for a better resistance against strong winds
and storm protection of the whole structure.
Figure 4. Worn-out Stalls
As shown in figure 4, there were some stalls that cannot be used since it was
already worn-out. If this stall were just maintained properly, it would still give
opportunity for some vendors to sell their products. And creating this opportunity is one
of the reasons why the local government saw a need for building a new public market in
Sto. Tomas City.
Regarding with the water supply that this proposed design of public market will
be needed; there will be no proposed new water tank design since the supply of water of
7
Definition
the existing water tank will still be sufficient for the proposed design of three-storey
public market. Figure 5 shows the existing water tank of Sto.Tomas City old public
market.
Figure 5. Existing Water Tank
As shown in figure 5, the existing water tank is located on the side of the existing
old public market. This water tank according to the city’s water district, can still supply
8
Definition
the amount of water that the different stalls will be needed once this proposed design of
public market was constructed.
Meanwhile, last March 19, 2018, the Senate approved the House Bill 5160 or “An
Act Converting Municipality of Sto. Tomas in the Province of Batangas into a
Component City to be known as the City of Sto. Tomas” with a unanimous vote of 19-0.
And on October 5, 2018, Republic Act 11086 was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte
and was ratified last September 7, 2019, on a plebiscite by the electorate of Sto. Tomas.
Cities in the Philippines are classified either a highly urbanized cities or a component
cities. The highly urbanized cities (HUCs) have first and foremost a minimum population
of 200,000 and an annual income of at least fifty million Philippine pesos (₱50 M). Even
though the city of Sto. Tomas have an average annual income of Php230 million, it still
did not meet the criteria of having a minimum population of 200,000 therefore it is not
yet considered highly urbanized city but rather only a component city with a total
population of 179,844 as of the year 2015 being certified by the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA). The city of Sto. Tomas has an increased population and at the same
time, as it is becoming more commercialized as evident by the growing commercial,
industrial and business firms with industrial estates that will enable the municipality to be
the center of trade and industry.
A public market’s capacity shall be large enough to accommodate the people in a
community and neighboring municipalities or cities. According to the design standards
and requirements of a public market of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, a
9
Definition
public market can serve a population ranging from 10, 000 to 150,000 people. Based on
the last two censuses conducted by the National Statistics Office (May 2010 and August
2015), the annual growth rate was computed as 7.21 % as shown in Table 1. This
indicates that there must also have to be an increase on the capacity size the public
market could accommodate.
Table 1
Population of Sto. Tomas City Based on 2010 and 2015 Census
Barangay August 2015 May 2010

NSO Census NSO Census
Barangay I 1,846 1,766
Barangay II 2,777 2,291
Barangay III 2,543 1,933
Barangay IV 3,542 2,806
San Agustin 2,400 2,374
San Antonio 11,657 9,085
San Bartolome 7,205 5,897
San Felix 5,548 4,388
San Fernando 2,507 2,174
San Francisco 2,623 2,469
San Isidro Norte 2,289 1,663
San Isidro Sur 2,653 2,309
San Joaquin 4,417 3,844
San Jose 2,785 2,160
San Juan 3,177 3,012
San Luis 2,932 2,414
San Miguel 10,087 6,550
San Pablo 6,083 5,057
San Pedro 5,741 5,202
San Rafael 11,654 6,632
San Roque 9,745 8,909
San Vicente 12,360 8,606
Santa Ana 1,432 1,358
Santa Anastacia 14,666 7,555
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Definition
Santa Clara 7,231 5,046

Santa Cruz 2,504 2,104
Santa Elena 2,358 1,638
Santa Maria 27,843 10,169
Santiago 5,978 4,277
Santa Teresita 1,261 1,052
TOTAL 179,844 124,740
Annual Growth Rate is 7.21 % (2010-2015)
Source: 2015 NSO Census
Therefore, using the data shown in Table 1 the projected population by the City
Planning and Development Office of Sto. Tomas City, Batangas from 2019-2015 using
the annual growth rate of 7.21 % has been determined. The population of Sto. Tomas
City as of 2015 is 179,844 and the projected population from 2019-2025 is shown in
Table 2.
Table 2
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Barangay I (Poblacion) 1,979 2,122 2,275 2,439 2,615 2,803 3,005
Barangay II
(Poblacion) 2,977 3,192 3,422 3,669 3,933 4,217 4,521
Barangay III
(Poblacion) 2,726 2,923 3,134 3,360 3,602 3,862 4,140
Barangay IV
(Poblacion) 3,797 4,071 4,365 4,679 5,017 5,378 5,766
San Agustin 2,573 2,759 2,957 3,171 3,399 3,644 3,907
San Antonio 12,497 13,399 14,365 15,400 16,511 17,701 18,977
San Bartolome 7,724 8,281 8,879 9,519 10,205 10,941 11,730
San Felix 5,948 6,377 6,837 7,330 7,858 8,425 9,032
San Fernando 2,688 2,882 3,089 3,312 3,551 3,807 4,081
San Francisco 2,812 3,015 3,232 3,465 3,715 3,983 4,270
San Isidro Norte 2,454 2,631 2,821 3,024 3,242 3,476 3,726
San Isidro Sur 2,844 3,049 3,269 3,505 3,758 4,029 4,319
San Joaquin 4,735 5,077 5,443 5,835 6,256 6,707 7,191
San Jose 2,986 3,201 3,432 3,679 3,945 4,229 4,534
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Definition
San Juan 3,406 3,652 3,915 4,197 4,500 4,824 5,172

San Luis 3,143 3,370 3,613 3,874 4,153 4,452 4,773
San Miguel 10,814 11,594 12,430 13,326 14,287 15,317 16,421
Projected Population of Sto. Tomas City, Batangas from 2019-2025
San Pablo 6,522 6,992 7,496 8,036 8,616 9,237 9,903

San Pedro 6,155 6,599 7,074 7,585 8,131 8,718 9,346
San Rafael 12,494 13,395 14,361 15,396 16,506 17,696 18,972
San Roque 10,448 11,201 12,008 12,874 13,803 14,798 15,865
San Vicente 13,251 14,207 15,231 16,329 17,506 18,769 20,122
Santa Ana 1,535 1,646 1,765 1,892 2,028 2,174 2,331
Santa Anastacia 15,723 16,857 18,072 19,375 20,772 22,270 23,876
Santa Clara 7,752 8,311 8,911 9,553 10,242 10,980 11,772
Santa Cruz 2,685 2,878 3,086 3,308 3,547 3,802 4,076
Santa Elena 2,528 2,710 2,906 3,115 3,340 3,581 3,839
Santa Maria 29,850 32,003 34,310 36,784 39,436 42,279 45,328
Santiago 6,409 6,871 7,367 7,898 8,467 9,078 9,732
Santa Teresita 1,352 1,449 1,554 1,666 1,786 1,915 2,053
192,81 206,71 221,61 237,59 254,72 273,09
TOTAL 1 2 6 5 6 1 292,781
Continuation of Table 2…
As shown in Table 2, there is an increase in number of population which would
results to an increase in number of consumers thus resulting to the increase of demand for
products and services. In line with this, the current number of vendors and stalls in the
public market must also increase to accommodate all the consumers. It is recommended
to provide additional stalls for all the vendors to cater the services and needs of all the
consumers in response to the increasing influx of the consumer.
12
Definition
Buildings and structures are subjected to deterioration during their life, which
comes from natural process of ageing, because of natural calamities and often due to lack
of proper maintenance. An old building like the public market is then proposed to be
reconstructed to improve its current state and adapt the needs of the growing population
in the area. The development of the public market will provide better services for the
customers, extend the life span of the structure and would also to satisfy the needs of
future users.
At the Sto. Tomas Public Market, due to insufficient parking space, the vicinity of
the said structure is jam-packed by the vehicles parked alongside the road. It is a must
that as the number of establishments increases, the parking spaces also increases. But in
this case, this public market has an insufficient parking lot for its customers.
And since Sto. Tomas is now officially a city, the local government saw a need
and planned for having a new, safe and well-structured public market that would give
necessities to their constituents. With this matter, the proponents thought of a way to
utilize the area since the vicinity where the current public market is located occupies a
large ground area, and at the same time to come up with an effective solution to the
growing need of parking spaces in the city. In addressing these problems, proponents
proposed to construct a three-storey public market and parking facilities in Sto. Tomas
City which will help in solving parking problems near the vicinity.
13
Definition
In addition, good communication and coordination between the government and
the citizens must be acquired for a better and safer public market. The project study
covers different aspects such as architectural, structural, environmental, and
transportation which covers the access road network, parking spaces, and landscapes. The
design parameters for the project are to be in accordance with National Building Code of
the Philippines (NBCP), National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015,
DPWH Standards for Space Requirements for Loading/Unloading in the Development
Shopping Malls, Markets and similar Facilities along National Roads and Design
Guidelines, Criteria and Standard Volume 6: Public Buildings and other Related
Structures.
B. Location of the Project
Batangas is a first class province of the Philippines located on the southwestern
part of Luzon in the CALABARZON region. Its capital is the Batangas City and it is
bordered by the provinces of Cavite and Laguna to the north and Quezon to the east.
Across the Verde Island Passages to the south is the island of Mindoro and to the west
lies the South China Sea. The proposed Site Development Plan of New Public Market
and Parking Facility is to be located in Sto. Tomas City, Batangas.
14
Definition
Source: Google Images

Figure 6. Map of Batangas
Figure 6 shows the map of Batangas and Sto. Tomas is located at the northeastern
section of the province. It borders the cities of Calamba City to the North, Los Banos to
the North-East, Alaminos to the East and Tanauan City and Malvar to the West and Lipa
City to the South.
According to the Philippines Statistics Authority, the city had a population of 179,
844 and had a land area of 95.41 square kilometers (36.84 sq. mi) constituting 3.06 % of
the total area of Batangas. The city of Sto. Tomas is politically divided into 30 barangays.
The proposed new public market and parking facilities were located in Brgy. II (Pob.),
Sto. Tomas City, Batangas. The population in the said barangay was 2,777.
15
Definition

Figure 7. Map of Sto. Tomas City
Figure 7 shows the location of the Brgy. II (Pob.) in Sto. Tomas City, Batangas. It
also shows its nearby barangays. It is also one of the thirty barangays in the city of Sto.
Tomas, Batangas. It is approximately 1.2 kilometers away from the City Hall of Sto.
Tomas.
According to Socio-Economic Physical Profile 2010-2020 (2019), the city of Sto.
Tomas has a minimum elevation of 5 meter above sea level, an average elevation of 239
meter and a maximum elevation of 1,094 meter above sea level. Figure 8 shows the
topographic map of Sto. Tomas City.
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Definition

Figure 8. Topographic Map of Sto. Tomas City
Figure 8 shows the elevation of the Sto. Tomas City. The northeastern part of the
city is mountainous being a portion of Mount Makiling. The rest of the city is generally
plain with an elevation of about 37 to 38 meters above sea level. The city proper where
the seat of government lies has an elevation of 42 meters above sea level. the East and
Tanauan City and Malvar to the West and Lipa City to the South.
Figure 9. Vicinity Map of the Project
The shaded portion that is shown in Figure 9 shows the boundary of the Proposed
New Sto. Tomas Public Market and Parking Facilities, which is located in Marhalika
Highway. The public market is surrounded by different establishments such as the
Chooks To Go, 5M’s Merchandise, Don Benito’s Cassava Cake and Pichi-Pichi, KMJ
Poultry Supply, The Generics Pharmacy, Pure Gold, etc.
17
Definition
18
Definition
C. Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive detailed
engineering design of the proposed New Sto. Tomas Public Market and Parking Facilities
located in Brgy. II, Sto. Tomas City, Batangas. The specific objectives are:
1. To develop a perspective design, architectural plans, structural layout, electrical
layout and plumbing layout for the following structures based on the standard
practice of Civil Engineering in the Philippines:
a. Proposed three-storey public market
b. Proposed three-storey parking facility
c. Proposed waiting shed/ bus stop
d. Materials Recovery Facility
e. Drainage Plan
f. Road Network
2. To present the design computation for structural components as required by the
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), National Structural Code of
the Philippines 2015 (NSCP), DPWH Standards for Space Requirements for
Loading/Unloading in the Development Shopping Malls, Markets and similar
Facilities along National Roads and Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standard
Volume 6: Public Buildings and other Related Structures.
3. To produce the construction management of the project which includes:
a. Project Cost Estimate
b. Project Schedule of Works using Gantt Chart
c. S-Curve of the Project
19

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CHAPTER I

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION

This chapter discusses the overview of the project as recognized by the

project background, location and the objectives of the project.

Public Markets Program Involving Infrastructure Improvement, Microfinancing Support,

Institutional Advancement and Consumer Protection” or also known as “Public Markets

Infrastructure Development, Micro-Financing Support and Related Skills Training

A public market is a year-round, carefully crafted, intentional and diverse medley

of owner-operated shops, stalls and/or “daytables”. Public Markets exists to fulfill a

sometimes rounded out by crafts and/or a variety of needed neighborhood businesses.

They usually include a seasonal, outdoor farmer’s market component.

and municipalities of the country, particularly in the non-metropolitan areas. Markets in

usually characterized by poor waste management sanitation standards, presence of

unprincipled vendors, lack of compensation mechanism for consumer complaints, and no

and local products and to appeal to more commercialized consumers.

public market structural integrity.

during the regime of former President Jose P. Laurel administration (1943-1945). It

Figure 1. Side View of the Existing Old Public Market

different stalls offering different products and services each.

As shown in Figure 2 is the newly constructed two-storey public market that is

Figure 2. Newly Constructed Two-Storey Public Market

footwear, food court, and etc.

According to the City Government Department Head – Market, Dante M. Austria,

Figure 3. Roof and Trusses of the Existing Old Public Market

and storm protection of the whole structure.

Figure 4. Worn-out Stalls

Sto. Tomas City.

Figure 5. Existing Water Tank

public market was constructed.

Act Converting Municipality of Sto. Tomas in the Province of Batangas into a

time, as it is becoming more commercialized as evident by the growing commercial,

the center of trade and industry.

A public market’s capacity shall be large enough to accommodate the people in a

community and neighboring municipalities or cities. According to the design standards

market could accommodate.

Population of Sto. Tomas City Based on 2010 and 2015 Census

Barangay August 2015 May 2010

Santa Clara 7,231 5,046

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

San Juan 3,406 3,652 3,915 4,197 4,500 4,824 5,172

San Pablo 6,522 6,992 7,496 8,036 8,616 9,237 9,903

As shown in Table 2, there is an increase in number of population which would

consumers in response to the increasing influx of the consumer.

In addition, good communication and coordination between the government and

covers different aspects such as architectural, structural, environmental, and

DPWH Standards for Space Requirements for Loading/Unloading in the Development

B. Location of the Project

Batangas is a first class province of the Philippines located on the southwestern

and Parking Facility is to be located in Sto. Tomas City, Batangas.

Source: Google Images

City to the South.

Source: Google Images

According to Socio-Economic Physical Profile 2010-2020 (2019), the city of Sto.

topographic map of Sto. Tomas City.

Source: Google Images

Figure 9. Vicinity Map of the Project

Highway. The public market is surrounded by different establishments such as the