What do you need to study Calculus 2?

You must be able to understand and use

o basic arithmetic
o powers and roots
o algebra
o trigonometry
o simple limits
o simple derivatives
o simple integrals

Often, the hard part is setting up the integral for a physical situation, rather than
evaluating it

Review of mathematics
Arithmetic
You must be familiar with the basic arithmetic operations:

, , , /, y x , x y ,

and logarithms and exponentials

ln x,loga x, e x

You should know how to use your calculator to perform all these operations.
Example: simplify e2ln x
Solution:

e2ln x   eln x   x 2
2

Algebra
You must be able to simplify, gather terms
x( x  3)  2 x  6

solve a quadratic equation

x2  5x  6  0
Example: Find the points of intersection of the parabola y  6  x 2 and the line y  x .

Solution:
We equate y and solve the equation 6  x 2  x .
After some arrangements, it becomes x 2  x  6  0
which gives x  2 or x  3 .

You must also be able to handle simultaneous equations: 2 equations in 2 variables, 3

equations in 3 variables. It will be useful in finding coefficients in partial fractions.
 2 A  3B  4

A  B 1
You will also be asked to do long divisions (or polynomial division)
u 3 : (u  1)

manipulate quadratic expressions

x 2  5 x  6   x  2  x  3
2
5   15 
2

x  5 x  10   x    
2

 2   2 

or solve inequalities involving absolute values

x 3  5
6 x3  8 x  5
Example: Find the quotient and remainder in the division
2x  4
Solution:
6 x3  8 x  5 37
So,  3x 2  6 x  8 
2x  4 2x  4
Trigonometry
You must know, in a heartbeat, the meaning of
sin,cos, tan

How are they calculated? What is the largest (or smallest) value of each function? At
which angle does it occur?
When given a formula like sin 2  , you must know where to find the formula for
simplifying the expression, even if you do not memorize the formulae.
You should be able to express an angle in either degree or radian.
x
Example: Given  is an acute angle such that sin   , find tan  in terms of x .
4
Solution
Opposite
We draw a right triangle with an acute angle  . Since sin   , it implies
Hypotenuse
Opposite=x, Hypotenuse=4. So, Adjacent= 16  x 2 .
Opposite x
tan  can be calculated as tan    .
Adjacent 16  x 2

Example: Point A has Cartesian coordinates (1,1) . Find the polar angle of point A (the
angle that ray OA forms with the positive x-axis).
Solution
y 1
We have tan     1    45o or   135o
x 1
Since point A lies in the 2nd quadrant, it implies that
  135o
Geometry
You must know how to compute the
circumference, area, volume
of basic figures such as square, rectangle, circle, trapezoid, cylinder, cube.

Calculus
You should be able to sketch the graphs of simple functions
linear functions, quadratic functions, etc.
Be able to use graphing tools (online, app, computer).
You must know how to find simple limits
1
lim
x  x
and more complicated ones
x2  2 x
lim
x  2 x 2  x  3

You must know how to differentiate simple functions

x 2  3x
and more complicated ones
x 2  3x
, ln( x 2  3x)
x 1
You must know how to integrate simple functions, too

 (x  3 x)dx
2

e
2x
dx

1
 8 sin(4 x)dx
For integrals that cannot be calculated exactly, numerical approximation should be used.
(rectangle, trapezoid, Simpson method). In reality, numerical approximation is often used
because information is collected as discrete data, not continuous functions.
 2
Example: evaluate 
0
1  cos 2 x dx

Solution
We use rectangular approximation with right end-points with n=4. Then
2
2  0     3  
 1  cos 2 x dx   f    f    f   f  2  
0
4  2  2  

2  0
  1  1.4142  1  1.4142   7.5844
4
Example: The speed of a vehicle is recorded every second in the following table.
Estimate the total distance traveled by the vehicle in the first 10 seconds.
t (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v (m/s) 0 14 28 42 55 67 30 30 45 57 70

Solution
10
We know that the total distance traveled is computed by the integral  v(t ) dt
0

We use trapezoid approximation with dt=1. Then

10
dt
 v(t ) dt    v(0)  2v(1)  2v(2)  ...  2v(9)  v(10) 
0
2

1
  0  70  2* 14  28  42  55  67  30  30  45  57  
2
 403
So the total distance traveled is 403 m.