13.3 I wish I'd w o r n a warmer jacket. There's a freezing cold / biting wind.

At least it's not

pouring with rain today. I got soaked to the skin yesterday. I wish I w a s soaking up the
sunshine on a Mediterranean beach.
13.4 1 Very heavy rain or snow melting perhaps.
2 You can probably see heavy grey clouds - but note that it has not started to rain yet.
3 It's unexpected, unusual for the time of year or the place, and unusually strong.
4 It's probably harder to drive if there is dense fog. However, patches of fog can also be
dangerous as you may unexpectedly run into fog.
5 Heavy rain with wind.
6 An image of violence is created.
7 People can blow or whistle. They do this by exhaling air from their lips. So you might
blow on soup or tea to cool it. If you whistle you make a noise by blowing through
your lips in a special way.
8 Devastated suggests most destruction and damaged suggests least destruction.
13.5 Other collocations you might have found are:
wind rain snow
not a breath of wind light rain snow falls
a gust of wind a d o w n p o u r of rain snow melts
a shower of rain a blanket of snow
to rain hard
rain fell heavily

Unit 14
14.1 travel 6 journey
trip 7 trips
journey 8 travel/trips
travel 9 travel
trip 10 journey
14.2 1 make; fully 5 fasten
2 aisle; w i n d o w 6 board
3 connecting 7 run
4 entertainment 8 smart/luxury; accommodation
14.3 A b u m p y flight.
M o s t people prefer smooth flights - though some people perhaps enjoy it when it is
bumpy because it is more exciting!
A scheduled flight.
In-flight magazines.
A business trip is one specific journey for business purposes whereas business travel
refers to travelling in general for business purposes.
6 Return journey.
7 N o t necessarily - family-run means that the main hotel staff are largely from the same
family.
14.4 Possible answer based on the experience of one of the authors:
Last year I went to California. I made all the travel arrangements myself over the Internet
so it w a s cheaper than using a travel agent. I got a charter flight and good budget
accommodation in San Francisco for a few nights. Although it was a long, tiring journey
from London, it was w o r t h it. While in San Francisco, I took a day trip to the other side
of the Bay, across the Golden Gate Bridge, and also went on a boat trip, which was fun. I
had a smooth flight on the return journey but I was exhausted when I got home.

English Collocations in Use 133

 answers
Answers
The word in the shaded vertical column is competitors (= the sportsmen and sportswomen who take
part in a sports competition).
2
1. J, 2. L, 3. L, 4. L, 5. J, 6. J, 7. L, 8. L, 9. L, 10. J, 11. L, 12. L, 13. J, 14. L,
15. L, 16. J, 17. J, 18. L
3
1. spectators / supporters / fans, 2. cheering, 3. professional, 4. taking part in, 5. qualifies,
6. reaches the final, 7. defeats / beats, 8. relegated, 9. stadium, 10. hooligans, 11. shouting
abuse / jeering, 12. grossly overpaid, 13. performance-enhancing drugs, 14. sent off,
15. committing professional fouls, 16. match fixing

Pages 98 – 99 Town & country

1
1. N, 2. M, 3. G, 4. A, 5. I, 6. B, 7. C, 8. F, 9. H, 10. E, 11. K, 12. D, 13. L (central business
district is often abbreviated to CBD), 14. J
2
1. H, 2. B, 3. G, 4. F, 5. A, 6. C, 7. E, 8. D
3
1. metropolis, 2. cosmopolitan, 3. urban, 4. amenities, 5. cultural events, 6. infrastructure,
7. commuters, 8. central business district (CBD), 9. rush hour / peak periods, 10. congestion,
11. pollution, 12. cost of living, 13. building sites, 14. population explosion, 15. drug abuse,
16. inner-city, 17. rural, 18. prospects, 19. productive land / cultivation / arable land, 20. urban
sprawl, 21. environment
Other words which you might find useful include:
development, employment, facilities, outskirts, property prices, residents, residential, suburbs,
unemployment

Pages 100 – 101 Travel

1
1. False (a travel agency, sometimes called a travel agent’s, is a place where you go to buy a holiday
or ticket, and a tour operator is the company which sells the holiday to you via the travel agency)
2. True
3. True
4. False (they get on)
5. False (they get off)
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. False (ecotourism is supposed to be tourism that benefits or has a neutral effect on the
environment, although this is not always the case)
11. False (they all have a slightly different meaning: use your dictionary to find out what these are)
12. False (it depends on the country you are from and where you are going. Citizens of the
European Union, for example, do not need a visa if they are flying to another EU country)
13. False (it is a short-haul flight)
14. False (it is cheaper. We can say tourist class or coach class instead of economy class)
15. False (you only need to fill in an immigration card when you go to another country, but see
number 12 above)
16. False (cultural tourism is a holiday taken in order to visit places that are culturally interesting, or
to attend a cultural event. Sustainable tourism is tourism that causes minimal damage to the
environment, similar to ecotourism)
17. True (We can also say high season. The opposite – the time of year when not many people take
a holiday – is called the low season or off season)
18. False (a cruise is journey on a ship for pleasure, especially one that involves visiting a series of
places. A holiday where you watch wild animals is called a safari)
123
answers
Answers
19. False (an armchair traveller is someone who finds out what a place is like by watching travel
programmes on television, reading travel books or looking at travel websites on the Internet)
20. True (we can use the adjective touristy to describe places like this)
2
1. refugees, 2. internally displaced, 3. emigration, 4. immigration, 5. culture shock,
6. expatriates (often informally shortened to expats), 7. UNHCR (the United Nations High
Commission for Refugees), 8. deported, 9. persona non grata (a Latin phrase which describes a
foreign person who is not allowed to visit or stay in another country), 10. economic migrants,
11. repatriated / deported, 12. border controls
3
1. travel agency, 2. package tour, 3. independent travellers, 4. visas, 5. check in (the place where
you check in for a flight at an airport is called the check-in desk / counter), 6. economy class,
7. disembark, 8. mass tourism, 9. all-inclusive, 10. ecotourism, 11. refugees, 12. internally
displaced, 13. economic migrants, 14. expatriates, 15. culture shock, 16. immigration,
17. persona non grata, 18. deported, 19. checking in, 20. excursion

Pages 102 – 104 Work

1
1. J, 2. L, 3. J, 4. J (we also say pay rise), 5. L, 6. J, 7. L, 8. L, 9. L (often abbreviated
to RSI), 10. L, 11. J, 12. L, 13. J, 14. L, 15. J, 16. J, 17. J, 18. J, 19. L, 20. L, 21. L,
22. J (we also say incapacity benefit), 23. L (although some people enjoy having a demanding
job), 24. J, 25 L 26 L
2
A. Tracy (E), B. Jane (A), C. Claire (B), D. Marie (F), E. Samantha (C), F. Jeanette (D)
3
1. employees, 2. unskilled, 3. semi-skilled, 4. blue collar, 5. manufacturing industries, 6. white-
collar, 7. service industries, 8. job security, 9. steady job, 10. hiring, 11. firing, 12. stress,
13. demanding, 14. unsociable hours, 15. repetitive strain injury (RSI), 16. salary, 17. promotion,
18. perks, 19. incentive, 20. increment, 21. sickness benefit, 22. pension, 23. self-employed
Other words and phrases which you might find useful include:
candidate, dismiss, dismissal, employer, fixed income, interview, interviewee, interviewer, leave (= a
formal word for a holiday from work: She’s on leave at the moment), manual worker, overtime,
profession, recruit, recruitment

124

Idioms and other expressions used to talk about
travel and holidays (pages 58 – 59)
1. stone (More informally, we can also say within spitting
distance: "The hotel was within spitting distance of the
beach") 2. scenic 3. trotter (Someone who travels to a
lot of places by air could be called a jetsetter) 4. cut-price
(Tickets for these and other airlines are usually bought on
the Internet, but you might also buy them from a bucket
shop, a travel agency that specialises in cheap travel
tickets) 5. dogs (We could also say it’s gone downhill)
6. fleapit 7. thumb 8. beaten 9. nowhere 10. back
(The expressions in numbers 8, 9 and 10 have a similar
meaning, but 9 and 10 usually have negative
connotations) 11. break 12. suitcase 13. short
14. itchy 15. light 16. do 17. shock 18. holes
19. world 20. way (More informally, we could say that
the staff bent over backwards) 21. red 22. trap
23. natives (We can also say locals) 24. whistle (If you
visit a person or a place for a very short period of time, you
could say that you pay a flying visit: "Last year we paid a
flying visit to my aunt in Glasgow") 25. houses
26. hour 27. pick-up 28. red 29. short 30. lines
Note that many of the expressions in this exercise are not
exclusive to travel and holidays, and can be used to talk
about other things. For example, you often read between
the lines when you read a story in a newspaper, or when
you listen to a politician's speech.
Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using
'turn' (pages 60 – 61)
Exercise 1:
1. in 2. out 3. to 4. on (Note that the position of the
object me in sentence (b) is very important: if you put it
after the phrasal verb, the sentence has a very different
meaning!) 5. over 6. around or round 7. up 8. away
9. against 10. off (This has the same meaning as switch
off. For lights, we can also say put out) 11. back
12. down
Note that most of the phrasal verbs in this exercise have
more meanings than are shown here. Use your dictionary
to find these.
Exercise 2:
You can probably guess the meanings of most of the
idioms and expressions in this exercise from their context.
Use your dictionary to look up any that you don't know or
can't guess. There are several possible combinations of
sentence / response, but these are the best ones:
1. n (If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours is an informal
spoken expression which means that you will help
someone if they help you) 2. h 3. b 4. p 5. j
(Someone who is at their wits' end is very upset or worried
and doesn't know what to do about it) 6. m 7. e 8. i
9. a 10. l 11. c 12. f 13. o 14. d 15. k 16. g
17. r 18. q
Idioms that use words connected with the weather
(page 62)
1. a frosty reception (= the people who listened to the
speech disapproved of what they heard. Frosty can be
used with other words to express disapproval. For
Answer key
Answer key
example, a frosty look, a frosty stare, a frosty tone, etc)
2. my mind is in a fog (= the speaker cannot think clearly)
3. save something for a rainy day (= save some money for
when you need it) 4. right as rain (= feeling well) 5. has
a really sunny disposition (= very happy, cheerful, friendly,
etc) 6. snowed under (= the speaker has so much work
to do that he cannot do anything else) 7. a face like
thunder (= the boss looks very angry) 8. run like the wind
(= run very quickly) 9. cloud your judgement (= if
something clouds your judgement, it makes you less able
to make a good decision) 10. stole my thunder (= he
took my ideas and used them as his own, then got all the
credit) 11. got the red mist (= became extremely angry)
12. took the wind out of my sails (= the manager made
the speaker feel much less enthusiastic or confident about
something) 13. on cloud nine (= very happy because of
something that has happened. We can also say in seventh
heaven) 14. it never rains but it pours (= a spoken
expression which means that problems often seem to
happen all at the same time) 15. take a rain check (=
turn down an offer and accept it at a later date) 16. as
pure as the driven snow (= an expression we use when
someone thinks that they are morally superior to other
people, but we know that they are not) 17. Any port in
a storm (= a spoken expression which means that you will
accept any help or take any opportunity if you are in a bad
situation) 18. see which way the wind blows (= if you
wait to see which way the wind blows, you observe a
situation carefully before making a decision) 19. come
rain or shine (= a spoken expression which means that you
will do something regardless of what else happens)
20. put the wind up (= if you put the wind up someone,
you make them nervous or frightened) 21. a storm in a
teacup (= a lot of trouble about something that is not
important) 22. got wind of (= find out something secret
or private) 23. a hail of criticism (= a lot of people
criticised her suggestions) 24. rain on her parade (= do
something to spoil someone's ideas, plans, etc)
There are also a lot of expressions that can be used to talk
about the weather. If it is raining very heavily, we can say
that it is raining cats and dogs (a rather old-fashioned
expression), or it's chucking (it) down. We can describe a
very hot day as a scorcher. If there is a very strong wind,
we might say that it is blowing a gale. If there is a cold
breeze (= light wind), we could say that there is a nasty nip
in the air. When the weather is very cold, we could
humorously say that it is brass monkey weather or it's cold
enough to freeze the balls of a brass monkey (an old navy
expression that has passed into everyday English: balls in
this case are cannonballs). A thick fog could be described
as a pea-souper, and the speaker might complain that he
can't see his hand in front of his face. If it is cold, windy
and rainy, we could describe it as a pig of a day.
Idioms and other expressions used for talking about
work (pages 63 – 64)
Exercise 1: 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (b) 8. (a) (from the phrasal verb to dress down: to
wear informal clothes) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (b)
13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a)
Exercise 2: 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) (The other
options are not real English words) 6. (a) 7. (b)*
8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (c) (You usually beaver
away at a particular task: "She's beavering away at her
expenses") 13. (d) (The other options are not real English
79