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Bernoullis Equation Engineeringduniyacom Compress
Bernoullis Equation Engineeringduniyacom Compress
Σ(Energy) = 0
2 2
p1
1 2 p2 1 2
m m v1 m gh1 m m v2 m gh2
2 2
p1
1 2 p2 1 2
v1 gh1 v2 gh2
2 2
2
p
v
OR gh constant
2
Applications of B.Eqn:
• B.E often combined with continuity
equation to find velocities & pressures in
the flow connected by a streamline
• Orifice meter; venturi meter
• Flow in pumps etc.,
Fluid friction……
• Fluid friction is defined as any conversion of
mechanical energy into heat in a flowing stream
• Denoted by the letter hf (J/kg)
• hf represents all the friction generated per unit
mass of fluid bet (1) & (2)
• B.E becomes……..
p11 2 p2 1 2
v1 gh1 v2 gh2 h f
2 2
Pump work…….
• If a pump is used during flow, then the term “work
done by the pump” should be added to B.E
p1 1 2 p2 1 2
v1 gh1 W p v2 gh2
2 2
Prob 1
• A fluid of density 960 kg/m3 is flowing
steadily thro a tube as shown in the fig:
The sections diameters are d1=100mm &
d2=80mm. The press p1 =200kN/m2;
u1=5m/s. The tube is horizontal. What is
the pressure at section(2)?
• By continuity equation:
m 1v1 A1 2 v 2 A2
• v2 = 7.8125 m/s
p11 2 p2 1 2
• From B.E…. v1 gh1 v2 gh2
2 2
• v2 = 4 v 1
• From B.E….
• v2= 42.2 m / s
• By continuity equation:
m 1v1 A1 2 v 2 A2
• D2 = 0.0688m
Prob 4
Water with a density of 998 kg/m3 is flowing at a steady
mass flow rate through a uniform-diameter pipe. The
entrance pressure of the fluid is 68.9 kN/m2 in the pipe,
which connects to a pump which actually supplies 155.4
J/kg of fluid flowing in the pipe. The exit pipe from the
pump is the same diameter as the inlet pipe. The exit
section of the pipe is 3.05 m higher than the entrance, and
the exit pressure is 137.8 kN/m2. The Reynolds number in
the pipe is above 4000 in the system. Calculate the
frictional loss hf in the pipe system.
• From B.Eqn:
p11 2 p2 1 2
v1 gh1 W p v2 gh2 h f
2 2
• hf = 10 ft-lbf / lbm
• =10(0.3048m)(4.4482N) / (0.454)
p11 2 p2 1 2
v1 gh1 v2 gh2
2 2
v2 2gH
• We know, Q1 = Q2
dH
At A2 v2
dt
Hf
dH
At
Hi 2 gH
A2 t f
tf
At
A2
1
2g
2 Hi H f
Prob 6
• Draining Cotton Seed Oil from a Tank
A cylindrical tank 1.52 m in dia and 7.62 m high
contains cotton seed oil having a density of 917
kg/m3. The tank is open to the atmosphere. A
discharge nozzle of inside diameter 15.8mm and
cross-sectional area A2 is located near the bottom of
the tank. The surface of the liquid is located at
H = 6.1 m above the center line of the nozzle. The
discharge nozzle is opened, draining the liquid level
from H=6.1 m to H=4.57 m. Calculate the time in
seconds to do this.
• We know,
tf
At
A2
1
2g
2 Hi H f