Chapter review 1

eln 3 − e − ln 3 −1

1 a sinh(ln 3) = eln 3 3, and e=

− ln 3 ln 3
= e= 1
3
2
3 − 13 4
= =
2 3

eln 5 + e − ln 5 −1

b cosh(ln 5) = eln 5 5, and e=

− ln 5 ln 5
= e= 1
5
2
5 + 5 13
1
= =
2 5

2ln 1
 1  e 4 −1
c tanh  ln  = 2ln 1 2 ln 1 ln ( 14 )
2

 4  e 4 +1 e 4 e=
= 1
16

( 1 − 1)
= 161
( 16 + 1)
15
= −
17

2 artanhx − artanhy
1 1+ x  1 1+ y  a
= ln   − ln   Use ln a − ln b =
ln  
2 1− x  2 1− y  b

1 1+ x 1− y 
= ln  × 
2 1− x 1+ y 
1  1 + x − y − xy  1

= ln   Use 1
2
ln a = ln a 2
2  1 − x + y − xy 
 1 + x − y − xy 
= ln  
 1 − x + y − xy 
 1 + x − y − xy 
So   =5
 1 − x + y − xy 
1 + x − y − xy
= 25
1 − x + y − xy
1 + x − y − xy = 25 − 25 x + 25 y − 25 xy
24 xy − 26 y =24 − 26 x
y (12 x −13)= 12 − 13 x
12 − 13 x
y=
12 x − 13

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3 RHS sinh A cosh B − cosh A sinh B
=

 e A − e− A   eB + e− B   e A + e− A   eB − e− B 
  −  
 2  2   2  2 
e −e
A+ B − A+ B
+e −eA− B − A− B
e +e
A+ B − A+ B
− e − e − A− B
A− B
−
4 4
2(e − e
A− B − A+ B
)
=
4
e − e − ( A− B )
A− B
=
2
= sinh( A − B= ) LHS

4 RHS = 2 tanh 22 x
1

1 − tanh 12 x
1 2(e x − 1)
2 tanh x = x
2 e +1
2
12  ex − 1 
1 − tanh x =
1−  x 
2  e +1
(e x + 1) 2 − (e x − 1) 2
=
(e x + 1) 2
4e x
= x
(e + 1) 2
2(e x − 1) (e x + 1) 2
So
= RHS ×
ex + 1 4e x
(e x − 1)(e x + 1)
=
2e x
e2 x − 1
=
2e x
e x − e− x
=
2
= sinh
= x LHS

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5 9 cosh x − 5sinh x = 15

9
( e +e )
x −x

−5
( e − e− x )
x

15
=
2 2
9e x + 9e − x − 5e x + 5e − x =
30
4e x − 30 + 14e − x =
0
2e x − 15 + 7e − x =
0 Multiply throughout by ex.

2e 2 x − 15e x + 7 =0
(2e x − 1)(e x − 7) =
0 Solve as a quadratic in ex.
ex
= 1
2, ex 7
=
= ( 12 ) , x ln 7
x ln=

6 23sinh x − 17 cosh x + 7 =0
(e x − e − x ) (e x + e − x )
23 − 17 +7 =0
2 2
23e x − 23e − x − 17e x − 17e − x + 14 = 0
6e x + 14 − 40e − x =
0
3e x + 7 − 20e − x =0
3e 2 x + 7e x − 20 =
0 Multiply throughout by ex.
(3e x − 5)(e x + 4) =
0
ex = 5
3
e x = − 4 is not possible for real x.
x = ln ( 5
3 )
7 3cosh 2 x + 11sinh x = 17
2 2
Using cosh x − sinh x = 1
2
3(1 + sinh x) + 11sinh x = 17
3sinh 2 x + 11sinh x − 14 =
0
(3sinh x + 14)(sinh x − 1) =
0
14
sinh x = − , sinh x = 1
3
 14 
x = arsinh  −  , x = arsinh1 Use arsinhx = ln( x + x 2 + 1).
 3
 14 196 
x = ln  − + + 1 
 3 9 
 −14 + 205 
= ln  
 3 
x = ln(1 + 1 + 1)
= ln(1 + 2)

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8 a

b At the intersection,
6 + sinh x =
sinh 3 x
6 + sinh x = 3sinh x + 4sinh 3 x
4sinh 3 x + 2sinh x − 6 =0
You can see, by inspection that
2sinh 3 x + sinh x − 3 =0 sinh x = 1 satisfies this equation.
(sinh x − 1)(2sinh 2 x + 2sinh x + 3) =
0

The equation 2sinh 2 x + 2sinh x + 3 =0 has no real roots, because

b 2 − 4ac =4 − 24 < 0.
The only intersection is where sinh x = 1

For sinh x = 1,
x = arsinh1

(
= ln 1 + 12 + 1 )
(
= ln 1 + 2 )
Using y= 6 + sinh x
y=7

Coordinates of the point of intersection are ln 1 + 2 , 7 ( ( ) )

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9 a 13cosh x + 5sinh
= x R cosh x cosh α + R sinh x sinh α
So R cosh α = 13
R sinh α = 5
Use the identity
R 2 cosh 2 α − R 2 sinh 2 α =
132 − 52
cosh 2 A − sinh 2 A =
1.
R 2 ( cosh 2 α − sinh 2 α ) =
144
R 2 = 144
R = 12
R sinh α 5
=
R cosh α 13
5
tanh α =
13
α = 0.405 Direct from calculator.

b 13cosh x + 5sinh x= 12 cosh( x + 0.405) For any value A, cosh A  1.

The minimum value of 13cosh x + 5sinh x is 12.

10 a 3cosh x + 5sinh
= x R sinh x cosh α + R cosh x sinh α
So R cosh α = 5
R sinh α = 3
Use the identity
R 2 cosh 2 α − R 2 sinh 2 α =
52 − 32 cosh 2 A − sinh 2 A =
1.
R 2 ( cosh 2 α − sinh 2 α ) =
16
R 2 = 16
R=4
R sinh α 3
=
R cosh α 5
3
tanh α =
5
α = 0.693 Direct from calculator.
3cosh x + 5sinh x = 4sinh( x + 0.693)

b 4sinh( x + 0.693) =
8
sinh( x + 0.693) =
2
x + 0.693 =arsinh2
= 1.44 (3 s.f .) Direct from calculator.
x = 0.75 (2 d.p.)

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10 c 3cosh x + 5sinh =
8
(e x + e − x ) (e x − e − x )
3 +5 8
=
2 2
3e x + 3e − x + 5e x − 5e − x = 16
8e x − 16 − 2e − x =
0
4e x − 8 − e − x =0 Multiply throughout by ex.

4e 2 x − 8e x − 1 =0
8 ± 64 + 16 Solve as a quadratic in ex.
ex =
8
80 5
ex = 1± =1±
8 2
5
5 ex = 1 − is negative, so
ex = 1 + 2
2
not possible for real x.
 5
=x ln  1 + 
 2 
= 0.75 (2 d.p.)

Challenge

y = (arsinh x ) 2

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