PEÑAFLOR, Abigail L.

DENT-1B
M8 Pre-Task

A. Explain in 5 sentences each of the following:

a. Nitrogen-containing compound – They are compounds that contain Nitrogen,

making the compound, like amines, both basic and nucleophilic. They are also play
important roles in our day-to-day life, especially for industrial companies that make
us of fertilizers. And most of them can be found within our bodies, due to our amino
acids, but some are products of industrial resources Nitrogen-containing compounds
are also known to possess explosive properties, due to its reaction when bond energy
associated with H-H triple bond is released. And aside from using nitrogen-
containing compounds in the creation of explosives, they are also used in the field of
medicine wherein Nitrogen is discovered to be a constituent of molecules of every
major drug class.

b. Amino Acid – In biology, amino acids are known to play an important role in our
body because make up proteins, which are the building blocks of the body. They are
also known as group that contains organic molecules that have a basic amino group,
acidic carboxyl group, and an organic R group. Also, every existing amino acid is
unique from one another, due to their own structures. Aside from that, the term
‘amino acid’ is short for α-amino (alpha-amino) carboxylic acid. Amino acids also
contain molecules that have a central Carbon atom where amino and carboxyl groups
are attached.

B. Differentiate in 5 sentences the Nitriles from Nitro Compounds:

a. Nitriles - They are considered as any class of organic compounds in which its
molecular structure has a cyano group attached to a Carbon atom. Nitriles appear to
be either colorless solids or liquids with distinctive odor. They are made by either
heating carboxylic acids with ammonia or by heating amides with phosphorus
pentoxide. Nitriles are used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers and used to
create plastics and textiles (to make amines). They are named by writing the parent
alkane first, and later on followed by '-nitrile', though it is not necessary to include
the location number because it is always assumed that the functional group will be
located end of the parent chain.

b. Nitro Compound - Unlike nitriles, nitro compounds only have nitro group as part of
its molecular structure. They can appear as either colorless or pale-yellow liquids.
They are made through the reaction, 'nitration', where nitric and an organic compound
are combined. Due to their reaction when bond energy from H-H triple bond is
released, they are normally used to manufacture explosives, solvents, and as chemical
intermediates. Nitro compounds are to be named by using 'nitro-' before the parent
hydrocarbon, hence 'nitroalkanes' for aliphatic nitro compounds and 'nitroarenes' for
aromatic nitro compounds.
 C. Enumerate the 10 essential amino acids and classify amino acids as either: Aliphatic,
Aromatic, Hydroxylic, Acidic, Basic, Amidic, or Sulfur-containing Amino Acids
a. 10 Essential Amino Acids:
i. Phenylalanine (Phe)
ii. Valine (Val)
iii. Threonine (Thr)
iv. Methionine (Met)
v. Arginine (Arg)
vi. Tryptophan (Trp)
vii. Histidine (His)
viii. Isoleucine (Ile)
ix. Leucine (Leu)
x. Lysine (Lys)
b. Classification:
i. Aliphatic Amino Acids:
1. Alanine (Ala)
2. Glycine (Gly)
3. Isoleucine (Ile)
4. Leucine (Leu)
5. Proline (Pro)
6. Valine (Val)
ii. Aromatic Amino Acids:
1. Tyrosine (Tyr)
2. Phenylalanine (Phe)
3. Tryptophan (Trp)
iii. Hydroxylic Amino Acids:
1. Serine (Ser)
2. Threonine (Thr)
iv. Acidic Amino Acids:
1. Aspartate (Asn)
2. Glutamic Acid (Glu)
v. Basic Amino Acids:
1. Arginine (Arg)
2. Lysine (Lys)
3. Histidine (His)
vi. Sulfur-containing Amino Acids:
1. Cysteine (Cys)
2. Methionine (Met)
vii. Amidic Amino Acids:
1. Asparagine (Asn)
2. Glutamine (Gln)
References:
Bamba, Drissa & Coulibaly, Mariame & Robert, Didier. (2016). Nitrogen-containing organic compounds:
Origins, toxicity and conditions of their photocatalytic mineralization over TiO2. Science of The Total
Environment. 580. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.130.
Mott, V. (n.d.). Introduction to chemistry. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/nitrogen-compounds/

Moore, Justin Shorb, Xavier Prat-Resina, Tim Wendorff, & Adam Hahn, E. V., John W. (2020,
November 6). Organic Nitrogen Compounds. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/49469

Reddy, M. K. (2020, October 20). Amino acid. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/amino-acid

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, September 3). Nitro compound. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/nitro-compound

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2018, May 2). Nitrile. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/nitrile

Nomenclature of Nitriles. (2020, September 13). Retrieved March 23, 2021, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/5364

Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2020, January 09). Amino Acids. Retrieved from

https://biologydictionary.net/amino-acids/