Database Systems

Khawar Iqbal Malik

Introduction to Data and Information
 Definition of Data

 Data can be referred to raw material from which

we can draw conclusion after analysis or the facts
from which we can infer new facts. Data has nothing
to do with decision making but the data lays down
foundation for decision making. Data is collected
and further analyzed to convert it into information
suitable for decision making. Data and information
are two separate things and are not to be confused
with each other.
Introduction to Data and Information
 Example of Data

 Telephone Directory

 Huge collection of Data

 Telephone Directory have internal structure

 Facts with Structure is Data !

Introduction to Data and Information
 Example of Data

 File on Computer with Student Record of Ten

Thousand Students - Fact

 Student id, student Name, CGPA – Structure is

there

 Again Facts with Structure is Data !

Introduction to Data and Information
 What is Information

 Processed data is Information

 Particular Piece of Data

 Typically Required Data

!
Introduction to Data and Information
 Example of Information

 Telephone Directory

 Processed Data: Finding out Address of Dentist

 Telephone number of Colleague

Introduction to Data and Information
 Example of Information

 File on Computer with Student Record of Ten

Thousand Students - Fact

 StudentName with GPA more than Three

 Limited Set of Students !

Introduction to Data and Information
 Comparison of Data and Information

 Both are often as if they are Synonym

 Truth: Nothing in Common

 Both have different Meaning

Introduction to Data and Information
 Comparison of Data and Information

 Information is dependent on Data

 Data leads to Information

 Information is usually subset of Data

Introduction to Data and Information
 Difference Between Data and
Information: Example -1

 File: Storing Flight Route from One City to

Another

 Structure: Origin, Destination, Date of Departure,

Time of Departure
Introduction to Data and Information
 Difference Between Data and
Information: Example -1

 Fact: Two Thousand Routes are Stored

 Qualifies to be Data

 Information: Flight from Lahore to Karachi on 15-

April
 Example : Difference Between Data
and Information
Introduction to Data and Information
 Life with and without Database
 Database is organized data in digital procedure

 Same function but different application

 It can handle different set of data with large

capacity
Introduction to Data and Information
 Life with and without Database
 Manually handling lot of files

 Chances of data loss is very high

 Have information but pulled wrong

 More cabinets then today

Introduction to Data and Information
 Benefits of Using Databases

 Less Redundancy

 Too much data to handle manually

 Easy access to data on demand

Introduction to Data and Information
 Benefits of Using Databases

 Example of Driving License and Passport

 Same Profile Data but repeated again

 Quantum of Repeat ion !!!

Introduction to Data and Information
 Why Database not Information Base
 Database is all about storage(design)

 Information is about retrieval !!!

 Database focus on optimizing storage

Introduction to Data and Information
 Difference between Database and
Database Management System
 Database is about design

 DBMS is tool to manipulate Data inside

Database !!!
Introduction to Data and Information
 Difference between Database and
Database Management System
 DBMS: Whole System for Managing digital
databases
 Storage, creation and Search (Information)
Introduction to Data and Information
 Example of Database and Database
Management System
 Database: Employees record column with ID,
name, Qualification, Dob
 DBMS: Oracle to create and load Employee
record
Introduction to Data and Information
 Example of Database and Database
Management System

 Database: Individual File on Hardisk

 DBMS: Operating System to read the file from

Hardisk
Introduction to Data and Information
 Component of Database Management
System
 Data

 User

 Hardware

 Software

 Procedures
 Component of Database Management
System