Topic 1 • OSH Introduction (1)

1. Definition, 2. Historica, 3. Scope

• OSH Basic Principle (2)

Topic 2 • OSH by Concept
• Basic cause and their evolution

Fundamental of Topic 3
• Peraturan & Undang-undang (2)
• UU Ketenagakerjaan
Occupational Safety • UU Migas, UU Lingkungan Hidup, PP / Permen /Perda

and Health (OHS) Topic 4

• OSH System Management (5)
• Risk Management
• OSH Management

• Lingkungan Hidup (2)

Topic 5 • Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Limbah
• Penilaian Kinerja Lingkungan (PROPER)

By: Hasyim M Nur Topic 6 • CSR-Corp. Social Responsibility (1)

Topic 7 • Focus Group Discussion-(7 Groups-1)

 Fundamental of
Occupational Safety
• OSH System
and Health (OHS) Management:
Topic 4 • OSH Management

By: Hasyim M Nur

History of Safety Management Systems (SMS)
 OUTLINE

Source: Li,Y., Guldenmund, F.W., 2018. Safety Management

Systems: a broad overview of the literature. Safety Science.
103. 94-123.
1931 Heinrich Mid 1950 Modern 1974-1976 Bird
• iceberg model risk management • Improve Ratio Injury
• accident sequence • Self-insurance covers Model
model (domino the financial • Loss Control
theory) consequences of an Management
• 300-29-1 ratio injury adverse event or
model losses form an
accident
1900 Safety 1912 DuPont 1917 Vernon 1950 System 1960
behavior • Full record of – Safety safety Commencemen
technique t of SMS
• accident incident Committee
• Basic safety • Improve • Risk & SMS term
recording in London engineering increased
system training reliability & • Merging risk
• Mechanical
• individual effectiveness concept with
safeguards
safety measure • Decrease failure safety defences
(PPE record) of components & • Improvement of
system technologies &
• Reinforce safety Management
hardware systems system
 1970-1990:ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
AS DRIVER FOR SMS DEVELOPMENT

• Bird - Loss • Haddon – • US Nuclear - • Kysor • Weaver: early

1974

1973

1973

1973-1976

1980
Control Energy MORT introduced sequence model
Management transfer (Management SMS concept are beyond
management
• Improved theory Oversight & • Adams: control. root of
Heinrich ratio • Cause-effect Risk Tree) accident different
injury model and • Risk prevention accident causes
consequence. management has same • Root of different
• Barrier is one as safety function as accident causes
of strategies assurance safety • Denton : The
of safety system management steps of the
system accident
countermeas • Preventive & prevention
ures. defensive model and a
physical flowchart of the
barrier to safety
stop transfer management
of energy process towards
a framework of
SMS
 1970-1990: SYSTEM SAFETY
SOCIO-TECHNICAL & LAW CONCEPT
System safety tools and techniques approach:
• International Atomic Energy Commission’s General Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants Construction
Permits (Seth, 1971)
• NASA’s R&D operating system (Connors and Maurer, 1975)
• Design phase of the Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS) (Rumsey, 1980)
• Socio Technical Systems : ‘The Shell Philosophy’ and ‘Coal Mining’ (Trist, 1981).
• Man-machine-environment-system’ (MMES) combined with cybernetics used in safety actions systems,
which include system analysis and preference synthesis (Kuhlmann, 1986).
System framework + techniques for the development of SMSs became more practical and applicable.

SMS Development Background in 1970 – 1990 :

• Increased demand for regulation Scheme for standardized hazard protection by
• Official reports following major disaster three level of enforcement (Kuhlman, 1986) :
(Seveso II for Bophal 1984, Chernobyl 1986, 1. Instrument safety law
Piper Alpha 1988) 2. Administrative regulation
• Introduction of international standars for 3. Technical standards
quality management systems as a basis for
SMS (ISO 1987)
Establishment: OSHA US (1970), HSE UK (1974), EH&S Australia (1975), World Safety Organisation (1975)
Companies SMS first version in end of 1980’s : SHELL, Exxon, DSM, etc
 1970-1990: SMS STANDARDS & AUDIT TOOLS
Audit tools with assessment methods were developed and used both nationally and internationally (Conrad,
1984; Eisner and Leger, 1988).
Internal audits aim to review and improve an SMS. External audits aim to assess legal, regulatory, or certificate
compliance (ISO, 2011).

1978 ‘International Safety Rating System (ISRS)’ audit tool was developed Based on loss control theory.
1974 International Safety Academy (ISA) was established.

Audit tools provide methods to calculate potential risks, risk management and quantitative assessment
 POST 1990: MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TECHNIQUES AND MODELS

Background:
• Increasing number of new techniques, audit tools and standards.
• Expand the study of safety management modelling,
• More comprehensive systems rather than just reflecting accident sequences.
• Additional factors: psychological, sociological and organisational factors

Two basic models: the accident model and the organisational model.

• Reason - • Bowtie • Mohagheh • SMS Tools: • System • Resilience

1990

2006

2009

2002

2005

2010
Developin model - Hybrid • AcciMap dynamics control
g safety causal 2002 engineeri
causation • Combine methodolo ng for
d with • Storybuild
and gies er 2007 SMSs
control BBNs • Incorporat
(Bayesia • BowtieXP
model ing 2008
• Involving n Belief physical &
• Phonix
human Nets) social
2014
factors failure
and
feedback
loops
 REVIEWS SMS
OVER TIME

Development of safety
management and SMSs divided
to three levels:
 Theoretical Level:
Justification, origin and
purpose of SMSs by safety
theories, methods and
techniques
 Practical level: SMSs have
different functions, such as
collecting information,
maintaining (technical)
systems or analysing risks.
 Standard Level: using
standards, audit tools,
systemic approach to safety
management and the
models studying the factors
 PERKEMBANGAN SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DI INDONESIA

Sebelum terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah No.50 tahun 2012, panduan

yang digunakan oleh perusahaan dalam melaksanakan SMK3:
• Permenaker N0.5 tahun 1996;
• Undang-Undang N0.01 tahun 1970 (dan diamanatkan oleh
Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003);
• Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum menggunakan Permen N0.09
tahun 2008

Dengan terbitnya peraturan pemerintah ini, seyogianya semua

peraturan yang bersifat sektoral segera disesuaikan.
Source: http://www.a2k4-ina.net/informasi/163-sistim-manajemen-keselamatan-dan-kesehatan-kerja-smk3-
sesuai-pp-no-50-tahun-2012
PERKEMBANGAN SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DI INDONESIA

Source: http://www.a2k4-ina.net/informasi/163-sistim-manajemen-keselamatan-dan-
kesehatan-kerja-smk3-sesuai-pp-no-50-tahun-2012
OSH SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: OSH MANAGEMENT
 PERBEDAAN ANTARA ISO 45001 DAN SMK3 PP 50 TAHUN 2012
• ISO 45001 adalah Sistem Manajemen K3 yang berlaku secara internasional, sedangkan SMK3 PP No. 50
Tahun 2012 berlaku secara nasional dan merupakan perundangan yang dibuat Pemerintah Republik
Indonesia melalui Kemnaker RI.
• Seringkali perusahaan berada pada pilihan mana yang harus diterapkan terlebih dahulu antara SMK3
versi ISO 45001 atau SMK3 versi PP No. 50 Tahun 2012

ISO 45001:2018
PERSYARATAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN
K3
ISO 45001:2018 & PP 50 TAHUN
2012
 CROSS REFERENCE
ISO 45001:2018 & SMK3 PP No 50 Tahun 2012
 Coincident or Not ?
If,
ABC D EFGHI J K L M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z

Equals,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Then,
K+ N +O +W+ L +E+D+G+E
11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%

H+A+R +D+W+ O+ R +K
8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%

Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%

But,
A+T +T + I+T + U +D+E
1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%

Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choice
both ON and OFF the job
Thank You