JEMUEL C.

GENILLA Industrial Plant Engineering

BSME – 5

GENERAL PIPING SYSTEMS

AND LAYOUT

(Summary)

Piping Layout must be carried out with Process requirements, economy, orderliness,
stress and supporting requirements in mind. Following points shall be adhered to for
optimum pipe routing.

Orderliness

Piping shall be arranged in an orderly manner and routed as directly as practical,

preferably in established banks or pipeways.

Thermal Expansion and Stresses

Arrangement shall provide for natural loops and offsets to compensate for thermal
expansion and contraction of lines. Reactions or moments causing excessive
stresses in piping or equipment shall be avoided by proper design.

Dynamic Loading

Where dynamic loading, limited pressure drop, or other severe service conditions
apply, particular care shall be used in routing the piping. Dynamic loading may be
expected when pulsating flow such as at reciprocating compressors and high
velocity flow, flashing fluid, fluctuating temperature or pressure, or mechanical
vibration (including wind) conditions exist. Piping subject to possible dynamic loading
shall be carefully designed and checked to ensure that its size, configuration,
mechanical strength, supports and restraints will prevent excessive stresses,
vibration or noise.

Pressure Drop Restrictions

Limited pressure drop conditions may be expected in large vapour lines, heater
transfer lines, reboiler circuits, pump suctions and gravity flow lines. Such piping
shall be routed as directly as practicaL.

Costly Materials

Other severe services include erosive, corrosive and high or low temperature or
pressure conditions. Many such services require alloy or other special materials.
Piping in these services shall be routed to minimize the effects of service severity
and make most practical use of required special materials.
Pipe Racks

Pipeways shall be sized for present needs plus 15%. As far as practical, piping shall
run at different elevations in north-south and east-west banks, and shall change
elevation when changing direction. Combined changes of direction and elevation in
pipeways ordinarily shall be made with 90° elbows. Where necessary, a 90° and a
45° elbow can be used. Inside buildings, piping may run in vertical banks and flat
turns may be used.

Sample Connections Piping

Sample stations shall be provided with 3/4″ main valve on the feed and return.
Where liquid samples are taken in a bottle, the sample outlet shall be located above
a drain funnel to permit free running of the liquid before sampling. Liquid sample
connections shall be taken off the side of the pipe.