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OD-right Eye OS-left Eye OU-both Eyes
OD-right Eye OS-left Eye OU-both Eyes
COLOR VISION TEST > if client's acuity is 20/50, it means that he reads the
letters at 20 feet that a person with normal visual acuity
The ability to differentiate colors has a dramatic can read at 50 feet.
on the activities of daily living.
ABBREVIATIONS:
NOTE: the photoreceptor cells responsible for
color vision are the cones and the greatest ea of OD-right eye
color sensitivity is in the macula, the area of
densest cone concentration. OS-left eye
The test is used for patients with macular The eyes are tested separately for visual acuity
problems like macular degeneration.
Ex: OD 20/20, OS 20/50
Each eye is tested separately. The patient is
INTERPRETATIONS:
asked to stare at the central fixation spot on the
grid and to report any distortion in the squares of
the grid. If patient can read 3 out of 5 letters on the 20/15
line, then the result is: 20/15-2
EYE ULTRA SONOGRAPHY
If patient cannot read the largest letter on the
Very useful especially when the view of the chart, move the chart to him or move him to the
retina of the eye is obstructed by opaque media chart.
such as cataract or hemorrhage.
3-dimensional images can be created and the If he reads only the largest letter (E) at 10 feet
entire ultrasound examination can be recorded distance, then the result is: 10/200
for later use.
"COUNT FINGER" METHOD
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
The examiner uses fingers to check client's
Light is used to evaluate retinal and macular visual acuity.
diseases as well as anterior segment conditions.
This is a non-invasive study and does not Is used when client cannot identify even the
involve physical contact. largest letter in the Snellen's Chart. Ex: The
result is CF/3' if he identifies the number of
FLOURESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY fingers at 3 feet.
The test evaluates:
Hand Motion Technique last resort if "CF"
clinically significant macular edema method is still difficult. Raise hand up, down or
left, right.
documents macular capillary non perfusion
NOTE:
identifies retinal and choroidal
neovascularization in age - related macular
A patient who can perceive only light is
degeneration.
described as having light perception (LP)
INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY
The vision of a person who cannot perceive light
is known as (NLP) (No Light Perception)
Used to evaluate abnormalities in choroidal
vasculature a condition often seen in macular
FIND THE JOB DESCRIPTION OF THE
degeneration.
FOLLOWING:
Ophthalmologist Astigmatism - distorted visual image
Optometrician
LOW VISION AND BLINDNESS
Optician
Low vision - visual impairment that requires
Oculist assistive devices and strategies to aid vision
Have patient tilt his head back and toward his - 20/200
affected eye so that excess medication can flow
away from the tear duct. BLINDNESS
Defined as BCVA of 20/400 to No light Perception
The drug should be applied to the conjunctival (NLP)
sac. Never instill eye drop directly to the
eyeball. BLINDNESS:
One eye deviate from the other when focused on BCVA does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye
an object. or whose visual field diameter is 20 degrees or
less
Common symptom: DPLOPIA
MANAGEMENT:
Exotropia - outward
Corrective eye glasses and other optic devices
Entropia/ esotropia - inward
Visuals aids
Hypertropia -upward
Simplify environment
Hypotropia - downward
Use of guide
Amblyopia - reduced visual acuity
MANAGEMENT:
(dogs) and other techniques (stick)
Corrective eye glasses
Surgery (as needed)
Eye exercises
NYSTAGMUS
Causes:
REFRACTIVE ERRORS