Microwave Engineering

Chapter 4: Scattering matrix

Pham Quang Thai – pqthai.hcmut@gmail.com

1
Linear electrical networks: practical presentation of a
circuit

Stimulus Response
-Current -Current
-Voltage -Voltage
-Power Conditions -Power
-Open circuit
-Shorted circuit
-Impedance matching
 Why S-matrix?
• [Z] and [Y]:
– Required open and short circuit condition to measure:
difficult to achieve at microwave, may make active circuits
unstable
– Relate to the total voltages and currents: difficult to find
transmission & reflection waves
• [S]:
– Defined in terms of transmission & reflection waves
– Measured with matched loads
– Can be measured using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)
Example
 N-port network scattering matrix S, defined by incident
and reflection voltage waves

Port 1 Port N
I1 VN
V1

IN

N-port network

I2

Ij Vj
V2 Port j
Port 2
Special cases
Matched networks Smm  0

Example  0 0.1 j 0.2

S   0.1 0 0.3 
 j 0.2 0.3 0 
Reciprocal networks (no active devices, ferrites or plasma) S  ST
Example  0.1 0.4  j 0.2 0.05 
 0.4 j 0.2 0 j 0.1 
S 
  j 0.2 0 0.1  j 0.3 0.12 
 
 0.05 j 0.1 0.12 0 

Lossless networks
Vector Network Analyzer
S parameter and time average power
Generalized S parameter
Generalized S parameter
 Review

• Problem 4.11, 4.12, 4.14, 4.15, 4.17, 4.18