Microwave Engineering

Chapter 3: Impedance matching

Pham Quang Thai – pqthai.hcmut@gmail.com

1
Why matching impedance (=0)  
P++  P+ 1  V2 ( x)  P+  P+V2 ( x)
P

Bình Dương, 5-2013

Impedance mismatch:
•Load cannot receive full transmitted power
•Increase power loss in transmission line
•Affect output power and frequency of generator
•Create standing wave, where anti-node voltage Vmax can cause Corona discharge
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 Goal of impedance matching using Smith chart: move the input impedance to
the point =0 or x=1 or y=1
Im()

Matched impedance

  0, r  1, x  0
Shorted circuit
Open circuit
  1, z  0
r  0, x  0   1, z  

Re()

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 Lumped elements matching networks

Lumped
element
R0 matching ZL
networks

X1 X1

R0 X2 ZL R0 X2 ZL

 Matching network Matching network

Can R be used in the matching network?

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Goal of  matching impedance network:
1
y  1  y  yt  jb2  Im( yt )  jb2  0  yt   zt  zL  jz1
zt

Example:
R0  50(), Z L  10  j 40() ,   109 (rad / s)
jx1

1 ZL
jb2  zL   0.2  j 0.8
jx2 R0

y  yt  jb2  1 zt  z L  jx1 zL
 z  1/ y  1 1
yt 
 Z  R0 .z  R0 zt

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 b  2  b2 ,  jx2  1/ jb2  x2  0.5
 L2  25(nH )

yt  1  j 2
C

zt  0.2  j 0.4

B
A

zL  0.2  j 0.8
x  0.4  x1  0
 L1  20(nH ) 6
 b  2  b2 ,  jx2  1/ jb2  x2  0.5
zt  0.2  j 0.4  C2  40( pF )
E

F
yt  1  j 2
A

zL  0.2  j 0.8
x  1.2  x1  0
 L1  60(nH ) 7
Goal of  matching impedance network:
1
z  1  z  zt  jx1  Im( zt )  jx1  0  zt   yt  yL  jb2
yt

Example:
R0  50(), Z L  10  j 40() ,   109 (rad / s)
jx1

jb2 ZL
zL   0.2  j 0.8
R0

z  zt  jx1  1 yt  yL  jb2 zL
 Z  R0 .z  R0 1 1
zt  yL   0.3  j1.18
yt zL
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b  0.72  b2 ,  jx2  1/ jb2  x2  1.39
B
 L2  70(nH )
yL  0.3  j1.18
C
yt  0.3  j 0.46

zt  1  j1.55

x  1.55  x1  0 A
zL  0.2  j 0.8
 L1  77.5(nH )
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b  1.64  b2 ,  jx2  1/ jb2  x2  0.61
 L2  30.5(nH ) B
yL  0.3  j1.18

zt  1  j1.55

x  1.55  x1  0
 C1  13( pF )
C
yt  0.3  j 0.46

A zL  0.2  j 0.8

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Single stub matching networks

Shorted circuit
l
RS

R0 ZL

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Goal of single stub impedance network:
 l
Im( yd )  Im( ys )  0   ys
yt  1  yt  yd  ys    d
Re( yd )  1 
 yL  yd
50
Example: R0  50 (), Z L  ( )
2  j (2  3)
Stub : RS  100 ()

Shorted circuit
l
RS

1 R0
R0 ZL yL    2  j3.73
zL Z L

d
Yt  Yd  YS YS Yd 12
Constant circle g=1

0.215

A
yL  2  j3.73

C
d  (0.302  0.215).

yd  1  j 2.6 B

0.302
Constant circle S
1
Need : BS  2.6  0.052 [ S ]
R0 13
 l  0.469  

BS  0.052
 bS  BS .RS  0.052 100  5.2
B yS  j5.2

y
A
l
RS

Shorted
Constant circle S circuit

yS  j 5.2 ( refer to : RS )
YS  j 0.052 [ S ]
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 Double-stub matching networks
l2 l1
RS 2 RS 1

R0 ZL

d12 d

l2 l1
R0 R0

R0 ZL

d
  3
d12  , , 15
8 4 8
 Goal of double-stub matching impedance network:
Im( yd 2 )  Im( ys 2 )  0
 l 2
  ys 2  l1
Im( yd 2 )  Im( ys 2 )  0    ys1
yt 2  1  yt 2  yd 2  ys 2     y  y  y  
Re( yd 2 )  1  d 12 t1 d1 s1 d
Re( yd 2 )  1  yL  yd 1
 d 12

 yt1  yd 2
Example:
l2  ? l1  ?
R0 R0

R0  50 Z L  100  j100

3 d  0.4
d12 
8
100  j100
zL   2  j 2  yL  0.25  j 0.25
50 16
Constant circle S 3
d Constant circle g=1
8

Constant circle g=1 before turning

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 Constant circle S for Constant circle S for Constant circle g=1
d  0.4
d12  3 / 8

Find l2

yt1
yL yd 2

yd 1
Constant circle g=1 before turning
Find l1
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 Review

• Problems 3.12-3.17 (Samuel Liao)