Computer Networks

1. Attendance (5)

Experiment 2. Neatness (5)

3. Completion of Journal (5)

No. 2 4. Participation in Team Work (5)

Total (20)
Date of Dated Signature
Performance : Of Teacher

1.0 Context: -
1.1 Chapter – NETWORK topology.
1.2 Topic – Introduction to topologies

2.0 Prior concepts: -

Network concepts.

3.0 New concepts: -

3.1 Proposition & concept structure

Proposition 1: -
Topology: - The physical configuration of network, including the types of cable
used.
Refers to the physical layout of the workstations, servers, gateways, hubs &
cabling.

Point-to-point network: - It is a network, type of transmission technology, which

consists of many connections between individual pairs of machines.

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Computer Networks

Proposition 2: -

Topologies for point-to-point subnet are: -

A. Star Topology
Structure: - All workstations are connected in the form of a star by a point-to-
point link terminating at a common node, generally called a server.
The communication takes place through this central point & the complete ckt is
dedicated to the connection for the duration of call.

Network: -
Nodes

Central
comp or DT
server

DT
D T :- DUMB TERMINAL

Advantages: -

1. Due to centralised controls, faults are easily diagnosed & isolated.

2. Failure of a single node involves disconnecting only that node &
remaining fully function

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Computer Networks

Disadvantages: -

1. The failure of server or central hub causes the enter network to fail.
2. Expansion of network is a cumbersome process.

B. Ring Topology: -

Structure: - In this network topology all workstations are connected by point-to-

point unidirectional links in a closed loop. Data flows in one direction only.

Network: -

n
n
Node 2

n Node 1

Advantages: -

1) The communication time i.e. packet delivery time is fixed &

guaranteed.

Disadvantages: -
1) Failure of single node causes collapse of full network.
2) Fault diagnoses is difficult & require special fault detection &
diagnosis to be built on each node.

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Computer Networks

C. Bus Topology: -

Structure: - The computers are connected by a single cable called bus through
which messages are sent. All the nodes do transmission & reception of
messages.

Network: -

File
Server

Nodes

Advantages: -

1. Simpler easy to maintain

2. If one node fails, others are not affected.
3. Nodes can be easily added & removed.

Disadvantages: -

1. Fault diagnosis is difficult

2. The failure of cable (bus) collapse entire network.
3. Only one node can transmit at a time hence communication becomes
slightly slow.

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Computer Networks

D. Tree Topology: -

Structure: - This network is just like an inverted tree with the nodes as leaves
& links as branches. No closed loops are involved. The terminal at the root
has control of network.

Network: -
Root node

Nodes

Advantages: -

1. Failure of one or more nodes does not affect the entire network.
2. It is easier to isolate a defective node
3. It is easier to add new nodes or branches to network.

Disadvantages: -

1. Failure of root node causes entire network to collapse

2. Installation is costly & complex
3. Communication path can sometimes become quite long.

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Computer Networks

E. Mesh / Complete Topology: -

Structure: - This is a combination of star ring topology. The physical wiring is

arranged as a series of interconnected stars.

Network: -

Nodes

Advantages: -

1) Reliable
2) In case of heavy traffic, data can be routed around busy nodes

Disadvantages: -

1) A lot of connections hence total no of physical links will be

more & hence expensive.

4.0 Title: - Demonstration of topology used in computer networks.

5.0 Learning objectives: -

5.1 Intellectual skills:-

1.Identifying different network devices.
2.Classifying different topologies.
5.2 Motor skill:-
1. sketching network topology structures.
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Computer Networks

6.0 Design of experiment.

6.2 New information
An example lab setup
Lab A Lab B

Server room

Novell
Netware
Server

Hub

8.0 Question: -

2) Define network?
3) What is topology?
4) List various topologies & explain each merits & demerits.
5) Draw layout of star, ring, and bus topology.
6) Compare star and ring topology.
7) Compare star and bus topology.
8) Draw the structure of topology layout in your lab.

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