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    This document provides an introduction to quantum computers and quantum cryptography. It discusses how quantum computers use principles of quantum mechanics like superposition and entanglement. The document outlines the state of quantum computing research, including early prototypes using atoms, electrons and photons. It also examines the potential impact of quantum computers on cryptography, noting how quantum algorithms could break existing encryption standards like RSA but also enable new forms of quantum cryptography. Applications of quantum computing are mentioned for factors like cryptography, search and simulation.

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    Quantum Computers Presentation

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    This document provides an introduction to quantum computers and quantum cryptography. It discusses how quantum computers use principles of quantum mechanics like superposition and entanglement. The document outlines the state of quantum computing research, including early prototypes using atoms, electrons and photons. It also examines the potential impact of quantum computers on cryptography, noting how quantum algorithms could break existing encryption standards like RSA but also enable new forms of quantum cryptography. Applications of quantum computing are mentioned for factors like cryptography, search and simulation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    29 views11 pages

    Nima Bayan Quantum Computers Presentation

    Uploaded by

    ekalve
    This document provides an introduction to quantum computers and quantum cryptography. It discusses how quantum computers use principles of quantum mechanics like superposition and entanglement. The document outlines the state of quantum computing research, including early prototypes using atoms, electrons and photons. It also examines the potential impact of quantum computers on cryptography, noting how quantum algorithms could break existing encryption standards like RSA but also enable new forms of quantum cryptography. Applications of quantum computing are mentioned for factors like cryptography, search and simulation.

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    of 11

    An Introduction to

    Quantum Computers and


    Quantum Cryptography

    Computer Network Security


    Prepared by: Nima Bayan, P.Eng.
    Fall 2003
    Contents
    ! Introduction
    " Cryptographyand Relativity
    " Quantum Algorithms
    " Quantum Computers
    ! State of the art
    ! Applications
    ! Impact on cryptography
    ! Future of cryptography
    ! Suggested references

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 2
    Introduction: Cryptography and Relativity
    ! Cryptography helps when there are uncertain
    transmission conditions (Passive and active attacks on
    the network)
    " Receiver problem (eavesdropping)
    " Sender problem (masquerading)
    " Authenticity problem (Replay, Delay)
    " Traffic analysis

    ! Relativity Helps: A key part of Einstein’s special theory of


    relativity
    " It is impossible to send signals faster than speed of light
    " Use this to open two concurrent sessions for Alice and Bob

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 3
    Introduction:
    Quantum Algorithms vs. Classical Algorithms

    ! Classical Computers ! Quantum computers


    " Alan Turing (1936) " David Deutsch (1985)
    ! Classical computation ! Quant. computation
    " Based on bits (0 or 1) " Based on qubits (0,1
    ! Classical factoring and/or 0&1 !!!)
    " Hard problems (NP) ! Quant. factoring
    " Peter Shor (1994)
    ! Classical search
    " Bubble method (N/2) ! Quant. Search
    " Amazing speed (√N)
    " Lov Grover
    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 4
    Quantum Computers
    ! Make use of two
    basic rules of
    quantum physics
    " Superposition
    " Entanglement

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 5
    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 6
    State of the art

    ! Quantum computers are built on the basis


    of any quantic element
    " Atom based QC (IBM 7 qubit computer)
    " Electron based QC (U of Cambridge, UK)
    " Photon based QCs

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 7
    State of the art

    ! IBM 7 qubit computer


    ! Dr. Chuang
    ! Fluorocarbon based
    ! Sequence of radio
    pulses
    ! The atoms will
    change into
    superposition state

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 8
    State of the art
    ! Quantum Gyroscopes
    " Jonathan Dowling (NASA)
    ! Other applications
    ! Programming, ...
    " Edward Farhi (MIT)

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 9
    Impact on cryptography
    ! Disadvantages ! Advantages
    " All current hard problems " No intermediate
    (RSA, ...) are not going to calculations
    remain hard " New quantum based (more
    " Using Shor’s method bits more complex)
    algorithms
    " Parallel sessions for Alice
    and Bob
    " Faster search routines
    " Faster factorizing
    algorithms

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 10
    Suggested references
    ! General:
    " http://www.qubit.org/
    " http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~westside/quantum-intro.html
    " http://www.qubyte.com/
    " http://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer.htm
    " http://physicsweb.org/article/world/15/4/4/1
    ! Programming languages for quantum computers
    " http://tph.tuwien.ac.at/~oemer/qcl.html
    ! Quantum computers and cryptography
    " http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer
    " http://unisci.com/stories/20021/0215026.htm
    " http://www.qmechanics.supanet.com
    ! MIT’s Technology Review (March 2003)
    ! Spectrum (2002)

    Quantum Computers
    Presentation, NB 11

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