evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

8
MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb
f‚wgKvt
MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb nj eZ©gvb we‡k¦i GKwU kw³kvjx mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª| Pxb RvwZms‡Ni e„nr cÂkw³i GKwU|
Gi AvqZb wekvj, RbmsL¨vI wecyj| gvI †mZzs-Gi g‡Z eû RvwZ wgwkªZ GK wecyj RbmsL¨vi †`k nj
G Pxb| we‡k¦i cÖvPxb mf¨Zv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Px‡bi mf¨Zv Ab¨Zg| gvbeRvwZi mf¨Zv ms¯‹…wZ I ivRbxwZi
BwZnv‡m Px‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| 96 j¶ eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡ii gZ Gi AvqZb| Px‡bi c~e© w`‡K
i‡q‡Q †Kvwiqv, cwðg I `w¶Y-cwð‡g Ry‡o Av‡Q AvdMvwb¯Ívb, cvwK¯Ívb, fviZel©, fzUvb I †bcvj| Gi
Dˇi Aew¯’Z g‡½vwjqv Ges DËi-c~e© DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ Ry‡o Av‡Q ivwkqv| `w¶‡Y gvqvbgvi, jvIm I
wf‡qZbvg| Px‡bi f‚-fvMxq mvM‡ii AvqZb wekvj| Px‡bi i‡q‡Q GKwU †MŠiegq BwZnvm| wecø‡ei
cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1949 mv‡ji 1jv A‡±vei Px‡bi Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU©i †bZ…‡Z¡ MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|
cÖwZôv jv‡fi ciciB Pxb msweavb iPbvq eªZx nq| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z 1954 mv‡j cÖ_g RvZxq MYKs‡MÖm
KZ©„K MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi msweavb M„nxZ nq| 1982 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i, cÂg RvZxq MY-Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÂg
Awa‡ek‡b Px‡bi PZz_© msweavb M„nxZ nq| G msweav‡b 1954 mv‡ji msweav‡bi †gŠwjK bxwZ¸‡jv MÖnY
Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1978 mv‡j Z…Zxq msweavb M„nxZ nevi ci mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK
†¶‡Î †h cwieZ©b m~wPZ n‡qwQj 1982 mv‡ji msweav‡b Zvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| Gev‡i Avgiv Px‡bi
ivóªxq msMV‡bi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q t

 cvV - 1: MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi msweav‡bi ¯^iƒc I ˆewkó¨|
 cvV - 2: RvZxq MYKs‡MÖ‡mi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx|
 cvV - 3: bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I KZ©e¨|
 cvV - 4: MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi wePvi wefvM|
 cvV - 5: MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©|

BDwbU-8 c„ôv-131
 GmGmGBPGj

cvV-1 MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi msweav‡bi ¯^iƒc I ˆewkó¨

cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 Px‡bi msweavb iPbvi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 1982 mv‡ji msweavb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

msweavb iPbvi cUfzwg

msweavb n‡”Q ivóª cwiPvjbvi †gŠwjK wewaweav‡bi mgwó| Px‡bi msweavbI G wbq‡gi e¨wZµg
bq| 1949 mv‡ji 1jv A‡±vei MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb cÖwZwôZ nq| Gi 5 eQi ci 1954 mv‡j Px‡b
1949 mv‡ji 1jv me©cÖ_g GKwU msweavb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| GwUB nj Px‡bi cÖ_g msweavb| GwU mgvRZvwš¿K msweavb
A‡±vei bv‡g AwfwnZ| G mweav‡bi c~‡e© Px‡b †Kvb msweavb iwPZ nq wb| 1911 mv‡j G cÖRvZ‡š¿i Rb¨
MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb GKwU msweavb cÖYxZ n‡qwQj| bvbv Kvi‡Y G msweavb Kvh©Ki nq wb| 1923 mv‡j Ges 1946
cÖwZwôZ nq| mv‡j msweavb ˆZwii D‡`¨vM †bqv nq| G D‡`¨vM ev¯ÍevwqZ nq wb| e¯‘Zt 1954 mv‡ji Av‡M
†`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨vcK cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i wfwˇZ GKwU ms¯’v MVb Kiv nq| G MVb cÖwµqv wQj
MYZvwš¿K| `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l GK civgk© mfv MwVZ nq| 1954 mv‡ji msweavb cÖewZ©Z nIqvi c~e©
ch©šÍ G civgk© mfv †`k cwiPvjbvi g~L¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| G civgk© mfvi †bZ…Z¡vax‡b
cieZx©Kv‡j Px‡bi msweavb cÖYxZ nq|
MYmiKv‡ii KvDwÝj msweavb iPbvi j‡¶¨ 1953 m‡bi Rvbyqvix gv‡m GKwU msweavb iPbv KwgwU
MVb K‡i| gvI †mZzs Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ G KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| cici †ek K‡qKwU Awa‡ekb e‡m|
1954 m‡bi 9B †m‡Þ¤^i 34Zg Awa‡ek‡b msweav‡bi PzovšÍ Lmov M„nxZ nq| Ae‡k‡l 1954
m‡bi 20‡k †m‡Þ¤^i RvZxq MYKs‡MÖm me©m¤§wZ µ‡g Lmov msweavbwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i| hviB
djkÖæwZ‡Z 1954 m‡bi msweav‡bi m„wó| 1992 mv‡j G msweavbwU cieZx©Kv‡j cÖYxZ msweav‡bi
g~j wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| Px‡b eZ©gv‡b 1982 mv‡ji msweavb we`¨gvb| Avmyb Avgiv 1982
mv‡ji msweavb m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ nB|
1982 mv‡ji msweav‡bi ˆewkó¨
1982 mv‡ji msweavb Px‡bi GKwU we‡kl `wjj| G msweavbwU we‡kølY Ki‡j KwZcq ˆewkó¨
¯úó n‡q D‡V| G¸‡jv ch©vqµ‡g wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
 cÖ¯vÍ ebv t cÖ¯vÍ ebv 1982 mv‡ji msweav‡bi cÖ_g ˆewkó¨| GwU Px‡bi cÖwZwU msweav‡b
AšÍfy©³ wQj| GwU msweav‡bi gyLe× ¯^iƒc| G cÖ¯vÍ ebvq msweavb cÖ‡YZvM‡Yi B”Qv, msweav‡bi
Drm, AvBbMZ I msweav‡bi cÖ¯vÍ ebv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi ivóªxq ee¨¯’v,
miKvix KvVv‡gv, Af¨šÍixY I ˆe‡`wkK g~jbxwZ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv hvq|
 wjwLZ t MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi 1982 m‡bi msweavbwU wQj wjwLZ msweavb| G msweav‡b GKwU
cÖ¯vÍ ebv I 138wU aviv wQj| G¸‡jv ¯úófv‡e wjwLZ wQj| GQvov ivóªxq mvaviY bxwZ, ivóªxq
e¨e¯’vi KvVv‡gv, MVb ¶gZv, Kvh©vejx Ges AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ BZ¨vw` wel‡q wjwLZfv‡e
D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| ivóª cwiPvjbvi AwaKvsk wewa-weavb wjwLZ|
 cwieZ©bxq t `y®úwieZ©bxqZv 1982 m‡bi msweav‡bi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K| Px‡bi G
msweavbwU cyivZb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi msweav‡bi b¨vq `y®úwieZ©bxq| mvaviY AvBb cv‡ki
b¨vq G msweavbwU ms‡kvab I cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| GwU evsjv‡`k I Av‡gwiKvi msweav‡bi
mv‡_ Zzjbxq| G msweav‡bi 64 bs avivq ms‡kvabx m¤ú‡K© ¯úó weavb ivLv Av‡Q|
 mvsweavwbK cÖavb¨t 1982 mv‡ji Px‡bi msweav‡b mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G
msweavbwU‡K iv‡óªi †gŠwjK AvBb wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-132
 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
 mgvRZvwš¿K ivóªt mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª eZ©gvb msweav‡bi GKwU †gŠwjK w`K| G msweav‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj K…lK-kªwgK †kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡i wfwˇZ cÖwZwôZ RbMYZvwš¿K GKbvqKZ‡š¿i Aax‡b
GKwU mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª| Px‡bi Øv`k RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi gva¨‡g Px‡bi ivóªxq e¨e¯’v‡K
RbMYZvwš¿K ivóª wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwZ Kiv nq| cÖK…Z c‡¶ ZZ¡MZfv‡e mgvRZvwš¿K GKbvqKZ¡
nj Ôme©nviv‡`i GKbvqKZ¡Õ|
 RbM‡Yi mve©‡fŠgZ¡t 1982 mv‡ji Px‡bi eZ©gvb msweavb‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j RbM‡Yi
mve©‡fŠgZ¡ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| g~jZt ivóªxq cÖkvmb RbM‡Yi Dci b¨v¯Í| RbM‡Yi gZvbymv‡i
wewfbœ mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I A_©‰bwZK welq¸‡jv cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|
 MYZvwš¿K †Kw›`ªKZvt MYZvwš¿K †Kw›`ªKZv eZ©gvb mswea‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg w`K| 82 mv‡ji
msweav‡b MYZvwš¿K †Kw›`ªKZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Px‡bi mgvRZwš¿K e¨e¯’v we‡klai‡bi MYZvwš¿K
e¨e¯’vi Dci cÖwZwôZ| MYZvwš¿K †Kw›`ªKZv AvgjvZ‡š¿i we‡ivax| MYZš¿ I †Kw›`ªKZv G
`yÕ†qi mgš^‡q nj MYZvwš¿K †Kw›`ªKZv| gvs‡mZzs-Gi fvlvq ÔRbM‡Yi ¯^vaxbZv I MYZ‡š¿i
gZ k„•Ljv I †Kw›`ªKZvi ¸iæZ¡‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|Õ
 mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vt mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v 1982 mv‡ji msweav‡bi
GKwU †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨| MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb GKwU mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª| G Kvi‡Y Px‡b mgvRZvwš¿K Px‡bi mgvRZwš¿K
A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ| G e¨vcv‡i msweav‡bi 6bs avivq weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| Drcv`b e¨e¯’v we‡klai‡bi
e¨e¯’vq gvwjKvbv‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| G `yÕwU nj-K. mg¯Í RbM‡Yi gvwjKvbv, L. MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi
kªgRxex gvby‡li †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv Px‡b mgvRZvwš¿K gvwjKvbv cÖwZwôZ| Dci cÖwZwôZ|
 m¤úwË e›U‡bi bxwZ t Px‡bi eZ©gvb A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq ivóªxq m¤úwË I e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi
¯^xK…wZ i‡q‡Q| Gi cvkvcvwk m¤úwË e›U‡bi bxwZ m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| G e¨vcv‡i
msweav‡bi 6bs avivi ejv nq| Z‡e 78Õ m‡bi msweav‡bI mgvRZvwš¿K e›UbbxwZ D‡jøL
wQj|
 ciivóª bxwZt ciivóª bxwZ Px‡bi eZ©gvb msweav‡bi GKwU †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨| msweav‡bi
cÖ¯vÍ ebvq D‡jøL Av‡Q †h, wecø‡evËi Pxb wewbg©v‡bi Rb¨ ˆe‡`wkK mvnvh¨ I m‡nv‡hvwMZv
`iKvi| A_©vr ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvq| G wewb‡qvM mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡K
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e e‡j Zv‡`i wek¦vm| G Kvi‡Y ˆe‡`wkK wkí cÖwZôvb, A_©‰bwZK ms¯’v I cyuwR
we‡b‡qv‡Mi AbygwZ †`qv nq| Zviv Aek¨ Px‡bi A_©‰bwZK wewa-weavb †g‡b Pj‡e|
 ivR‰bwZK Avkªq t eZ©gvb msweavb‡K we‡k¡lY Ki‡j ivR‰bwZK Avkªq-Gi avivi
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z j¶¨ Kiv hvq| GwU nj msweav‡bi GKwU Awfbe ˆewkó¨| eZ©gvb msweav‡b
we‡`kx bvMwiK‡`i ivR‰bwZK Avkªq`v‡bi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| msweav‡bi 32 bs avivq ejv
n‡q‡Q †h, The people’s Republic of China may grant asylum to foreigners who
request it for political reasons.
 †Kw›`ªq AvBbmfv t 1982 m‡bi msweav‡b †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvi weavb ivLv nq| MYcÖRvZš¿x
Px‡bi ivóªxq AvBbmfv nj RvZxq Ks‡MÖm| GwU wQj GK K¶ wewkó AvBbmfv| D³ msweav‡b
ejv nq †h RvZxq Ks‡MÖm nj Px‡bi m‡e©v”P cÖwZwbwa mfv Ges GwU n‡e GK K¶ wewkó|
wewfbœ RvwZmËvi cÖwZwbwa wb‡q Px‡bi G AvBb mfv MwVZ|
 ivóªcwZ I DcivóªcwZ t MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi 82-Gi msweav‡b ivóªcwZ I Dc-ivóªcwZ weavb
ivLv nq| G e¨vcv‡i msweav‡bi 79 bs avivq ¯úó D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| G avivq D‡jøL Kiv nq †h,
MYKs‡MÖm Px‡bi ivóªcwZ I Dc- ivóªcwZ‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡eb| 45 eQi eq®‹ e¨w³ ivóªcwZ I
Dc- ivóªcwZ cÖv_x© n‡Z cv‡ib| G‡`i Kvh©Kvj 5 eQi| Zviv GKvwaKµ‡g `yÕev‡ii †ekx Px‡bi ivóªxq
wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv| AvBb nj RvZxq
 bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ t Ab¨vb¨ msweav‡bi b¨vq Px‡bi eZ©gvb msweav‡b bvMwi‡Ki Ks‡MÖm
AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| msweav‡bi 33bs aviv †_‡K 56bs avivq bvMwi‡Ki
AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i ¯úó D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| †gŠwjK AwaKvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨, AvB‡bi mvg¨Zv,
BDwbU-8 c„ôv-
133
GmGmGBPGj
evK¯^vaxbZv, agx©q ¯^vaxbZv I K‡g©i AwaKvi we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL †hvM¨| cvkvcvwk KZ©‡e¨i
g‡a¨ AvBbgvb¨, †mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb, AvµgY cÖwZnZ, k„sLjv i¶v I Ki cÖ`vb Kiv
we‡klfv‡e cÖwYavb †hvM¨|
 †Kw›`ªq mvgwiK Kwgkb t eZ©gvb msweav‡b †K›`ªxq Kwgkb MV‡bi K_v D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| Px‡bi
mvgwiK evwnbxi m‡e©v”P cwiPvwjKv kw³ nj G Kwgkb| G Kwgkb mg¯Í evwnbx‡K wb‡`©k
K‡i| GKRb mfvcwZ K‡qKRb mnmfvcwZ I KwZcq m`m¨ wb‡q G Kwgkb MwVZ n‡e| G
Kwgk‡bi mg¯Í `vwqZ¡ mfvcwZi Dci b¨v¯Í| G Kwgk‡bi Kvh©Kvj RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
Kvh©Kv‡ji b¨vq 5 eQi| G Kwgkb MYKs‡MÖ‡mi Kv‡Q `vwqZ¡kxj|

mviK_v
Pxb eZ©gvb we‡k¦i GKwU kw³ai mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª| Pxb mw¤§wjZ RvwZms‡NiI e„nr kw³i
Ab¨Zg| 1949 m‡bi 1jv A‡±vei Pxb mgvRZvwš¿K ivóªiƒ‡c Avwef‚©Z nq| cÖwZôv jv‡fi 5
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Pxb GKwU msweavb cÖYqb K‡i| 1954 m‡bi 20‡k †m‡Þ¤^i RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
me©m¤§wZµ‡g GwU M„nxZ nq| GwUB Px‡bi BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g msweavb| 1954, 1975, 1978 I
1982 m‡b ci ci PviwU msweavb cÖYqb Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 82ÕGi msweavb we‡klfv‡e
cÖwbavb†hvM¨| G msweavbwU eZ©gvb Px‡bi g~j PvwjKv kw³|

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi () w`b
1| MYcÖRvZš¿x Pxb cÖwZwôZ nq-
K. 1954 m‡bi 1jv gvP©; L. 1949 m‡bi 1jv A‡±vei
M. 1949 m‡bi 20‡k A‡±vei; N. 1954 m‡bi 20‡k wW‡m¤^i|
2| Px‡b cÖ_g msweavb cÖYxZ nq -
K. 1954 m‡b; L. 1950 m‡b;
M. 1957 m‡b; N. 1978 m‡b|
3| Pxb GKwU -
K. cyuwRev`x ivóª; L. MYZvwš¿K ivóª;
M. mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª; N. me KwU|
4| Px‡bi eZ©gvb msweavbwU cÖYxZ nq-
K. 1972 m‡b; L. 1985 m‡b;
M. 1975 m‡b; N. 1982 m‡b|
DËigvjv t 1| L, 2| K, 3| M, 4| N|
msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ t
1| Px‡bi msweavb cÖYq‡bi cUf~wg e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi 1982 m‡bi msweav‡bi ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-134

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cvV-2

cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 RvZxq Ks‡MÖm m„wói cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi MVbcÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

RvZxq MYms‡MÖm nj MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi m‡e©v”P ms¯’v| mvsweavwbK Dcv‡q G ms¯’vwUi D™¢e| ivóªxq
KvVv‡gvi GKwU we‡kl A½ nj GB RvZxq Ks‡MÖm| GwU nj MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi AvBb mfv ev
cvj©v‡g›U| 1949 m‡bi MYPxb cÖwZôvi ci cÖ_g msweav‡b MYKs‡MÖm m„wói K_v ejv nq|
mvsweavwbK weeZ©‡bi avivq eZ©gvb msweav‡b Ks‡MÖm GKwU wewkó ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| 1982
m‡bi msweav‡bi 57bs Aby‡”Q‡` ejv nq †h, ÔÔThe national Peoples Congress of the PRC is
the highest source of the state powerÓ G Ks‡MÖm RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i wb‡q MwVZ|
MYmve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i bxwZi †cÖw¶‡Z MYKs‡MÖ‡mi m„wó| G bxwZ Abymv‡i mKj ¶gZv RbM‡Yi nv‡Z
MYmve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i
b¨¯Í| Px‡bi MYmve©‡fŠg ev¯Í‡e Kh©Ki nq g~jZ RvZxq MYKs‡MÖm Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vbxq bxwZi †cÖw¶‡Z
MYKs‡MÖm¸‡jvi gva¨‡g| iv‡óªi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i G Ks‡MÖ‡mi Pig KZ©„Z¡ we`¨gvb| cÖ_g msweavb †_‡K MYKs‡MÖ‡mi m„wó|
ïiæ K‡i cÖwZwU msweav‡b G MYKs‡MÖ‡mi Dcw¯’wZ j¶¨ Kiv| hvq cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z eZ©gv‡b
msweavwbKfv‡e Gi gh©v`v ¯^xK…Z|
RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi MVb I Kvh©Kvj
MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi m‡e©v”P ms¯’v nj G Ks‡MÖm| Pxb nj GKwU GK‡Kw›`ªK ivóª| ZvB RvZxq
MYKs‡MÖm nj GKwU GK K¶ wewkó AvBbmfv| †WcywUMY‡K wb‡q G Ks‡MÖm MwVZ| Zuviv
c‡iv¶fv‡e wbe©vwPZ nb| wewfbœ cÖ‡`k, ¯^-kvwmZ AÂj, †cŠimfv¸‡jvi Ks‡MÖm Ges MYgyw³
†dŠ‡Ri cÖwZbxwa‡`i wb‡q G ms¯’v MwVZ| †WcywUMY MYZvwš¿K wewa †gvZv‡eK wbR wbR Ks‡MÖ‡m
Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ci †Mvcb e¨v‡jv‡U wbe©vwPZ nb| †WcywUM‡Yi msL¨v I Zv‡`i wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K©
msweav‡b †Kvb ¯úó wewa-weavb †bB| G‡`i msL¨v msweav‡bi 59 bs aviv g‡Z AvB‡bi Øviv
wba©vwiZ| 18 eQi eq¯‹ e¨w³ RvZxq MYKs‡MÖ‡mi †WcywU ev cÖwZwbwa c‡` cÖv_x© n‡Z cv‡ib| G
c‡` cÖv_x© nevi Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kvb we‡kl †hvM¨Zvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi MYKs‡MÖ‡mi
Kg©Kvj 5 eQi| Z‡e Gi Kvh©Kvj e„w× Kiv hvq| Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwUi `yB Z„Zxqvsk m`‡m¨i
wm×všÍ Abymv‡i wbe©vPb ¯’wMZ ivLv hvq| Kvh©KvjI e„w× Kiv hvq| Z‡e G Ae¯’v Aemv‡bi ci 1
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Gi wbe©vPb Avnevb Ki‡Z nq| mvaviYZt eQ‡i GKevi Ks‡MÖ‡mi Awa‡Kkb Avnevb
Kiv hvq| ¯’vqx KwgwU G Awa‡ekb Avnevb K‡i|
RvZxq MYKs‡MÖ‡mi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx
RvZxq Ks‡MÖm MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi m‡e©v”P AvBb cÖYqb Kvix ms¯’v| AvBb cÖYqbmn hveZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
KvR RvZxq Ks‡MÖm K‡i _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i mgvRZvwš¿K iv‡óªi AvBbmfv wn‡m‡e RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
f‚wgKv Acwimxg| RvZxq Ks‡MÖm wb‡¤œv³ Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| AvBb cÖYqbmn
hveZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
1. AvBb I msweavb msµvšÍ KvR t AvBb I msweavb msµvšÍ KvR MYKs‡MÖ‡mi me‡P‡q KvR RvZxq
¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| †`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ hveZxq †gŠwjK AvBb cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dci Ks‡MÖm K‡i
b¨¯Í| G e¨vcv‡i msweav‡b 64 bs avivq weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| †dŠR`vix, †`Iqvbx I ivóªxq _v‡K|
msµvšÍ AvBb RvZxq Ks‡MÖm ms‡kvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`‡ki msweavb ejer ivLv I Z`viKx
Kivi `vwqZ¡ RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dci b¨v¯Í| ms‡kva‡bi e¨vcv‡i G ms¯’vi f‚wgKv Acwimxg|

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135
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msweavb ms‡kvab cÖ¯vÍ e MYKs‡MÖ‡mi GK cÂvsk †WcywUMY DÌvcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘
ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ Ks‡MÖ‡mi `yB Z„Zxqvs‡ki †ekx cÖwZwbwai mg_©b Acwinvh©| G ms‡kvab
mvaviY AvBb cv‡ki Zzjbvq RwUj cÖK„wZi|
2. kvmb msµvšÍ KvR t kvmb msµvšÍ wel‡q Px‡bi Ks‡MÖm e¨vcK ¶gZvi AwaKvix| Px‡bi
cÖkvmb g~jZ Ks‡MÖm‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z| cÖkvmwbK cÖ‡qvR‡b RvZxq KwgwU, AvBb KwgwU,
wk¶v KwgwU, K„wl I Rb¯^v¯’¨ KwgwU I ˆe‡`wkK m¤úK© welqK KwgwU RvZxq Ks‡MmB MVb
K‡i _v‡K| cÖ‡`k I †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wgDwbwmc¨vwjwU MVb Kivi Aby‡gv`b RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
nv‡Z b¨¯Í| cÖkvmwbKfv‡e hy× I kvwšÍi cÖ‡kœ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i H ms¯’v ¸iæZ¡cY~ © f‚wgKv
iv‡L| we‡kl K‡i cÖkvmwbK AÂj MVb I cÖwZôvi wel‡q wm×v‡šÍ MÖnY Kiv MYKs‡MÖ‡mi
GKwU ¸iæ `vwqZ¡| cÖkvmwbK cÖ‡qvR‡b Ks‡MÖm Zvi ¯’vqx KwgwUi wm×v‡šÍ i`-e`‡ji ¶gZv
iv‡L| G ms¯’v ¯’vqx KwgwUi †Kvb wm×v‡šÍ A‡hŠw³K g‡b Ki‡j Zv evwZj e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡Z
cv‡i| G Qvov ivóªxq cwil‡`i wewfbœ `ßi I Kwgkb‡K cÖkœ wRÁvmv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. wb‡qvM I wbe©vPb msµvšÍ KvR t wbe©vPb msµvšÍ KvR MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKwU
†gŠwjK `vwqZ¡| RvZxq Kvs‡MÖm Px‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U I fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U wb‡qvM K‡i| Ks‡MÖm
KvDw݇ji wcÖwgqvi‡`i wb‡qvM Aby‡gv`b K‡i| ivóªcwZi civgk© µ‡g ivóªxq cwil‡`i
cÖavbgš¿x‡K wbhy³ K‡i| G Qvov ivóªxq cwil‡`i m`m¨, wewfbœ gš¿xMY, gvnvmwPe I cÖavb
wnmve i¶K c`¤§yL e¨w³‡`i Ks‡MÖm wbhy³ K‡i| †K›`ªxq wgwjUvix Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb
wb‡qv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dci b¨¯Í| †Pqvig¨v‡bi civgk© µ‡g Ks‡MÖm mvgwiK Kwgk‡bi
Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡i _v‡K| m‡e©v”P MYAv`vj‡Zi mfvcwZ, cªwKD‡iUi
†Rbv‡ij, ¯’vbxq KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm-†Pqvig¨vb RvZxq Ks‡MÖm KZ…©K wbhy³ nb|
4. A_© msµvšÍ KvR t ivóªxq A_©bxwZi e¨vcv‡i RvZxq ms‡MÖm ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
A_©‰bwZK bxwZ wba©vi‡Yi †¶‡Î G ms¯’vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv
cÖYqb, ev‡RU cÖYqb I wnmve cÎ P~ovšÍfv‡e cix¶v I Aby‡gv`‡bi `vwqZ¡ g~jZ Ks‡MÖ‡miB|
Ks‡MÖ‡mi Aby‡gv`b Qvov RvZxq cwiKíbv I ev‡RU cÖYqb Am¤¢e| mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
Dbœqb cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ wi‡cvU© cix¶v I Aby‡gv`b Kiv G ms¯’vi KvR|
5. ciivóª msµvšÍ KvR t ˆe‡`wkK wel‡qI RvZxq MY Ks‡MÖm ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq|
hy× I kvwšÍi cÖ‡kœ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi `vwqZ¡ g~jZ G Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dci b¨v¯Í| Ks‡MÖ‡mi G wm×všÍ
we‡kl ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| A_©vr ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ wba©vi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dci Ac©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6. Ab¨vb¨ ¶gZv t RvZxq MY Ks‡MÖm Dc‡iv³ Kvh©vejx QvovI Ab¨vb¨ KvRI m¤úv`b K‡i
_v‡K| RvZxq Ks‡MÖm wewfbœ cÖ‡`k, ¯^-kvwmZ AÂj Ges †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿Yvaxb
†cŠimfv I cÖkvmwbK AÂj ¯’vc‡bi welq Aby‡gv`b w`‡q _v‡K|
MY- Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwUi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx
MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi MY Ks‡MÖ‡mi m‡e©v”P ms¯’v nj ¯’vqx KwgwU| GwU Ks‡MÖ‡mi m‡e©v”P I ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
ms¯’v| AvBb, kvmb, wePvi, A_© I ciivóª wel‡q hveZxq ¸iæZ¡cY~ © wm×všÍ G KwgwU‡K wb‡Z nq|
1Rb mfvcwZ, K‡qKRb mn-mfvcwZ, 1 Rb mvaviY m¤úvv`K I KwZcq mvaviY m`m¨ wb‡q G
KwgwU MwVZ| G KwgwUi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx‡K wb‡¤œv³fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1. AvBb msµvšÍ ¶gZv t AvBb msµvšÍ wel‡q ¯’vqx KwgwU we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|
msweav‡bi 58 bs aviv Abymv‡i Ks‡MÖm G ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i| eQ‡i GKevi RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
Awa‡ekb e‡m| ¯’vqx KwgwU G Awa‡ekb Avnevb K‡i| G KwgwU msweavb I AvB‡bi e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dci Awc©Z AvBb Qvov KwgwU Ab¨vb¨ AvBb cÖYqb I ms‡kvab K‡i
_v‡K| Ks‡MÖ‡mi Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ _vKvKvjxb mg‡q Ks‡MÖm wba©vwiZ AvB‡bi ms‡kvab I
ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G Qvov ¯’vqx KwgwU msweavb ms‡kva‡bi cÖ¯vÍ e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-136

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2. kvmb msµvšÍ ¶gZv t kvmb msµvšÍ wel‡q Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwU ¸iæZ¡cY~ © f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i| ¯’vqx KwgwU RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi †WcywU‡`i wbe©vPb cwiPvjbv K‡i| mvaviYZ Ks‡MÖ‡mi
†gqv` †kl nevi `yB gvm Av‡MB bZzb m`m¨‡`i wbe©vPb †kl Ki‡Z nq| ¯’vqx KwgwU
cÖkvmwbKfv‡e ivóªxq cwil`, †K›`ªxq mvgwiK Kwgkb, m‡e©v”P MY-Av`vjZ I MY-cÖwKD‡iUi
wefv‡Mi KvR Z`viKx K‡i| G KwgwU ivóªxq cwil‡`i msweavb ev AvBb we‡ivax wm×všÍ I
Av‡`k evwZj Kivi ¶gZv iv‡L| G Qvov †cŠimfvi †Kvb †Kvb wm×všÍ evwZj Kivi ¶gZv
iv‡L| cÖavbgš¿xi g‡bvqb Abymv‡i wewfbœ `߇ii gš¿x, Kwgk‡bi mfvcwZ, AwWUi †Rbv‡ij
I ivóªxq cwil‡`i mvaviY m¤úvv`K wb‡qvM †¶‡Î wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i| we‡`‡k c~Y© ¶gZv
m¤úbœ ivóª`~Z‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwU wbhy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. welq msµvšÍ KvR t ¯’vqx KwgwU KwZcq welq msµvšÍ KvR K‡i _v‡K| MY-Av`vj‡`i
mfvcwZi Aby‡iva µ‡g Av`vj‡Zi mfvcwZ, mn-mfvcwZ, wePviK I wePviK KwgwUi
m`m¨‡`i wbhy³ I AcmvwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G Qvov ¯’vqx KwgwU cÖavb cÖwKD‡iUi I cÖwKD‡iUi
KwgwU m`m¨‡`i wb‡qvM I AcmviY Kivi ¶gvZ iv‡L| MY-Av`vjZ I cÖwKD‡iUi ms¯’vi
KvRKg© Z`viKxi `vwqZ¡ MY-Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwUi| Avevi ¯’vqx KwgwU we‡kl ¶gZv
cÖ`k©‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib|
4. mvgwiK ¶gZv t MY Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwU KwZcq mvgwiK ¶gZvI †fvM K‡i| Ks‡MÖ‡mi
Awa‡ekb PjvKv‡j ˆe‡`wkK AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi e¨e¯’v ¯’vqx KwgwU wb‡q _v‡K| mvgwiK
cÖ¯‘wZ †bqvi `vwqZ¡ ¯’vqx KwgwUi| cÖ‡`k, AÂj I †K›`ª kvwmZ bM‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvixi
wm×všÍ ¯’vqx KwgwU wb‡q _v‡K| GQvov AvswkKfv‡e mvgwiK evwnbx †gvZv‡qb Kivi ¶gZv
¯’vqx KwgwUi Dci b¨¯Í|
5. A_©‰bwZK ¶gZv t A_©‰bwZK wel‡q Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwU KwZcq KvR K‡i _v‡K| A_©‰bwZK I
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ ¯’vqx KwgwUi Dci b¨v¯Í| A_©‰bwZK wel‡q mvgvwRK cwiKíbv
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y ¯’vqx KwgwU RvZxq Ks‡MÖm‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ivóªxq ev‡R‡Ui AvswkK i`e`j cix¶v Kivi ¶gZv ¯’vqx KwgwUi Dci b¨v¯Í| ¯’vqx KwgwUi Dci
myZivs ¯’vqx KwgwUi A_©‰bwZK f‚wgKv‡K D‡c¶v Kiv hvq bv| b¨ÿË| A_©‰bwZK
wel‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
6. Ab¨vb¨ ¶gZv t Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwU KwZcq Ab¨vb¨ ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡K| ¯’vqx KwgwU wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y ¯’vqx
KwZcq Awc©Z ¶gZv †fvM K‡i hv Ks‡MÖm KZ„©K wba©vwiZ| MY Ks‡MÖ‡mi Awa‡ekb bv _vK‡j KwgwU RvZxq
¯’vqx KwgwU we‡kl KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ ¶gZv msµvšÍ welq msweav‡bi 67 bs Ks‡MÖm‡K mvnvh¨
avivq weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| K‡i _v‡K|

mviK_vt
MY-Ks‡MÖm MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi m‡e©v”P AvBb cÖYqbKvix- ms¯’v| mvsweavwbKfv‡e G ms¯’vwUi
m„wó| 1954 m‡bi cÖ_g msweavb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cÖwZwU msweav‡b MY-Ks‡MÖ‡mi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q|
cieZ©x‡Z 1982 m‡bi msweav‡b RvZxq MY-Ks‡MÖm‡K GK-K¶ wewkó AvBb mfv wn‡m‡e AvL¨v
†`qv nq| Gi m`m¨MY cÖZ¨¶fv‡e wbe©vwPZ bb| G Ks‡MÖ‡mi Kvh©Kvj cuvP eQi| Ks‡MÖ‡mi
m`m¨MY †WcywU bv‡g AwfwnZ| G Ks‡MÖ‡mi Awa‡ekb mvaviYZ eQ‡i GKevi e‡m| ¯’vqx KwgwU
G Awa‡ek‡bi Avnevb K‡i _v‡K| ¯’vqx KwgwU nj Ks‡MÖ‡mi m‡e©v”P ms¯’v| G ms¯’vwUi gva¨‡g
RvZxq Ks‡MÖm Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|

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137
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ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-138

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eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi wUK () w`b
1. Ks‡MÖ‡mi m`m¨MY cwiwPZ
K. mvgwiK Kwgkb bv‡g;
L. †WcywU bv‡g;
M. mvaviY m`m¨ bv‡g;
N. meKwU|

2. Ks‡MÖ‡mi Kvh©Kvj-
K. 4 eQi;
L. 6 eQi;
M. 5 eQi;
N. 8 eQi|

3| cÂg RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwUi mn-mfvcwZ wQj-

K. 1 Rb;
L. 15 Rb;
M. 21 Rb;
N. 20 Rb|

DËi gvjvt 1| L, 2| M , 3| K

msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1. Ks‡MÖ‡mi MV‡bi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi MY-Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¶gZv I Kvh©ejx Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
2| MY-Ks‡MÖ‡mi ¯’vqx KwgwUi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiæb|

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bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ cvV-3

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 †gŠwjK AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 bvMwiK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 bvMwiK‡`i KZ©e¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii msÁv
ÔAwaKviÕ bvMwiK Rxe‡bi m‡½ I‡Zv‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| ÔAwaKviÕ bvMwiK Rxeb weKv‡ki Rb¨
Acwinvh© kZ©| ivóªweÁv‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z AwaKvi nj gvby‡li e¨w³‡Z¡i c~Y© weKvk mva‡bi Ab¨Zg
Dcv`vb| e¨w³ Rxe‡bi mg¨K cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb my‡hvM-myweav| A_©vr e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡ki Rb¨
AZ¨vek¨Kxq my‡hvM-myweavB nj AwaKvi| G cv‡V Avgiv MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi msweav‡b AwaKvi I
KZ©‡e¨i mwbœ‡ekb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie|
Px‡bi msweav‡b AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i ˆewk󨸇jv wbæiƒc t
Av‡Z¥vcjw× I e¨w³Z¡weKv‡ki Rb¨ AwaKvi Acwinvh©| G w`‡K `„wó †i‡L MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi
KZ©„c¶ 1982 m‡bi msweav‡b AwaKvi I KZ©e¨‡K msweav‡bi AšÍf³z© K‡i‡Qb| G AwaKvi I
KZ©e¨‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡¤œv³ ˆewk󨸇jv cvIqv hvq t
1. †kªYx PwiÎ t MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨ mgv‡Ri †kªYx PwiÎ dz‡U D‡V|
cÖMwZkxj mgvRZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi wfwˇZ Px‡bi bvMwiK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi M‡o D‡V‡Q|
Px‡bi ivóª‡bZv‡`i g‡Z mgv‡Ri †kªYx PwiÎ I ivóªxq †gŠwjK Av`‡k©i Dci bvMwiK AwaKvi
wbf©i K‡i|
2. e¨w³MZ m¤úwË t Px‡bi bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j e¨w³MZ m¤úvwËi
mg_©b j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Px‡b e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi AwaKvi‡K ¯^xK„wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_
ivR‰bwZK AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G AwaKvi MYZvwš¿K †`‡ki †P‡q
e¨wZµgagx©|
3. A_©‰bwZK AwaKvi t Px‡bi bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i Ab¨Zg w`K nj A_©‰bwZK
AwaKvi| Px‡bi ivóª‡bZv‡`i g‡Z A_©‰bwZK AwaKvi Qvov ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi A_©nxb| G
Kvi‡Y Px‡bi msweav‡b bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i †¶‡Î A_©‰bwZK AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv
A_©‰bwZK
n‡q‡Q| AwaKvi Qvov
4. me©RbxbZv t Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i g‡a¨ me©RbxbZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| H †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK
msweav‡b bvMwiK AwaKvi cÖ`v‡b †Kvb iKg ˆelg¨ Kiv nq wb| msweav‡b ¯^xK„Z AwaKvi¸‡jv AwaKvi A_©nxb|
mve©Rbxb| RvwZ, eY©, ag©, wbwe©‡k‡l mevB mve©Rbxbfv‡e AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5. Kvh©Kix e¨e¯’v t Px‡bi msweav‡b bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
we‡kl K‡i 1982 m‡bi msweav‡b G e¨vcv‡i †ekx ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
6. mgvRZvwš¿K Av`k© t Px‡bi bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i gv‡S mgvRZvwš¿K Av`k© ¯úó
n‡q D‡V| bvMwi‡Ki AwaKv‡i g‡a¨ gvK©mev` †jwbbev‡`i wPšÍvaviv dz‡U D‡V| Zviv wek¦vm
K‡i †h AwaKvi msiw¶Z nq mgvRZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g|

ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-140

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
7. †kªYx Ø›Ø Abycw¯’Z t Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨ †kªYx msMÖvg Abycw¯’Z| ey‡R©vqv
MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq †kªYx eZ©gvb _v‡K wKš‘ Px‡bi †¶‡Î Zv cÖ‡hvR¨ bq e‡j `vex Kiv nq|
Pxbv KZ©„c¶ g‡b K‡i †kªYx ¯^v_© AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K msKxY© cwim‡i Ave× K‡i|
8. RvwZmËvi ¯^xK„wZ t Px‡bi msweav‡b RvwZmËvi ¯^xK„Z †g‡j| eZ©gvb 1982 m‡bi msweav‡b
wewfbœ RvwZmËvi mgvb AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Pxb nj GKwU eûRvwZK ivóª| wewfbœ
RvwZi g‡a¨ wfbœ wfbœ ms¯‹…wZ I HwZn¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| wKš‘ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mvg¨Zv we`¨gvb
wQj|
9. we‡`kx‡`i AwaKvi t we‡`kx‡`i AwaKvi Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i GKwU we‡kl
ˆewkó¨| MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi eZ©gvb msweav‡b we‡`kx e¨w³ ev e¨w³‡`i AwaKvi †`qv n‡q‡Q|
we‡`kx‡`i AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ Px‡bi AvB‡bi Øviv msiw¶Z|
10. gvgjv t Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨ me©‡kl w`K nj gvgjv| G AwaKvi I KZ©‡e¨i
†¶‡Î miKv‡ii weiæ‡× gvgjvi K_v ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1989 m‡bi 4Vv GwcÖj Px‡bi MY-
Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKwU bZzb AvBb cvm Kiv nq| G AvB‡b mvaviY gvbyl miKv‡ii weiæ‡× gvgjv
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
bvMwiK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvimg~n
bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi Px‡bi msweav‡bi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K| Px‡bi bvMwiKMY msweavb Abymv‡i
wb‡¤œv³ AwaKvi¸‡jv †fvM K‡ib|
1. AvB‡bi AwaKvi t Px‡b AvB‡bi †Pv‡L bvMwiK‡`i mv‡g¨i AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z| G e¨vcv‡i
msweav‡bi 33 bs avivq weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q|
2. wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi t wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki GKwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi| Px‡bi
bvMwiKMY wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi †fvM K‡i| cvkvcvwk wbe©vwPZ nIqvi AwaKviI iv‡L|
AvBbvbymv‡i 18 eQ‡ii mKj bvMwiK G AwaKvi †fvM K‡i _v‡K| D‡jøL¨ †h wbe©vP‡b cÖv_x©
nIqvi Rb¨ Px‡bi bvMwiKM‡Yi we‡kl †Kvb mgqmxgv cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| Z‡e GK`jxq e¨e¯’v
we`¨gvb _vKvq Ges AZ¨vwaK †K›`ªxKZv ev¯Í‡e G AwaKvi‡K A_©nxb K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
3. gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi t Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki Ab¨Zg AwaKvi nj gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi|
GwUi gva¨‡g Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki e¨w³‡Z¡i weKv‡ki my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| mvsweavwbKfv‡e Px‡bi
bvMwiKM‡Yi evK I gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †¶‡Î bvMwiKMY
evK-¯^vaxbZv, msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv I mfv-mwgwZi ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i _v‡K e‡j `vex Kiv
nq| Aek¨ ev¯Í‡e RbMY G AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ e‡j cwðgx mgv‡jvPKiv `vex K‡i _v‡Kb|
4. a‡g©i AwaKvi t a‡g©i AwaKvi Pxbv bvMwiK‡`i GKwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi| Px‡bi bvMwiK‡`i
mvsweavwbK fv‡e a‡g©i AwaKvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| ivóª †Kvb e¨w³i Dci †Kvb ag© Pvwc‡q w`‡Z
cvi‡e bv| agx©q wek¦v‡m AwaKv‡ii Kvi‡Y bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb ˆelg¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|
cÖ‡qvRb gZ bvMwiKMY ¯^-¯^ ag© cvjb Ki‡e|
5. e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv t Px‡bi bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| AviI ejv
nq †h, MY-Av`vj‡Zi wm×všÍ Qvov †Kvb bvMwiK‡K †MÖÖßvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Z‡e bvMwiK AwaKvi
wbZvšÍB GK‡c‡k Ges ivóª wbqwš¿Z|
6. Awf‡hv‡Mi AwaKvi t Awf‡hvM Kivi AwaKvi Pxbv bvMwi‡Ki GKwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi|
mvsweavwbK fv‡e G AwaKvi ¯^xK„Z| bvMwiKMY ivóªxq ms¯’v ev Kg©Pvixi Kv‡Ri mgv‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Z_¨ wewbgq ev weK„Z K‡i LykxgZ Ac‡ii weiæ‡× wg_¨v gvgjv Kiv hvq
bv|

BDwbU-8 c„ôv-141
 GmGmGBPGj
7. Kv‡Ri AwaKvi t Kv‡Ri AwaKvi Pxbv bvMwiK †fvM K‡i _v‡Kb| Px‡bi msweav‡b
bvMwiK‡`i Kv‡Ri AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G e¨vcv‡i msweav‡bi 42 bs avivq weavb
ivLv n‡q‡Q| G AwaKvi Kvh©Kix Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’v ivLv Av‡Q|
cÖ‡Z¨K
bvMwi‡Ki KZ©e¨ 8. wekªv‡gi AwaKvi t wekªv‡gi AwaKvi Pxbv bvMwiK GKwU Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK AwaKvi| GwU
nj RvZxq bvMwiKM‡Yi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AwaKvi| Pxbv KZ„©c¶ g‡b K‡ib Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk wekªv‡gi
msnwZ i¶v cª‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| G AwaKvi ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
Kiv| 9. mvnvh¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi t Px‡bi bvMwiKMY mvnvh¨ jv‡fi AwaKvi †fvM K‡i _v‡K| Px‡bi
ivóªxq e¨e¯’vq, Amy¯’¨ I c½y e¨w³MY mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ jv‡fi Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
msweav‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, G e¨e¯’v mvgvwRK exgv, mvgvwRK mnvqZv, wPwKrmv I Rb¯^v¯’¨
e¨e¯’v‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡e| myZivs GwU bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU Acwinvh© AwaKvi|
10. wk¶vi AwaKvi t wk¶vi AwaKvi gvby‡li GKwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi| Px‡bi bvMwiKMY G
AwaKv‡ii evB‡i bq|
11. mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi t mvs¯‹…wZ e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡k mnvqK| Px‡bi msweav‡b mvs¯‹…wZK KvRK‡g©
AvZ¥ wb‡qv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| AviI ejv n‡q‡Q †h RbM‡Yi Dc‡hvMx wk¶v,
weÁvb, cÖhyw³, mvwnZ¨ I wkíKjv KvRK‡g© ivóª AbycÖvwYZ I mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Z‡e mgvRZvwš¿K
e¨e¯’v ejer _vKvq Aeva I gy³ ms¯‹…wZ PP©vq my‡hvM †bB|
12. bvixi ¯^vaxbZv t bvixi AwaKvi Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki GKwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi| MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡b
mvs¯‹…wZ e¨w³Z¡
bvixi AwaKvi ¯^xK„Z| Px‡bi KZ©„c¶ mv‡g¨ wek¦vmx| G †`‡ki ivóªxq e¨e¯’vq bvix cyiæ‡li
weKv‡k mnvqK|
mgvbvwaKvi‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
13. cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi t cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki GKwU D‡jøL †hvM¨
†gŠwjK AwaKvi| Px‡bi msweav‡b weevn I cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
bvix cyiæ‡l cQ›`gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e weevn Kivi AwaKvi iv‡L| GwU bvMwi‡Ki GKwU †gŠwjK
AwaKvi|
14. we‡`kx‡`i AwaKvi t Px‡bi msweav‡b we‡`kx‡`i AwaKvi ¯^xK„wZ †c‡q‡Q| Px‡bi bvMwiKMY
we‡`‡k Ae¯’vb Kv‡j b¨vh¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi my‡hvM †c‡Z cv‡i| cvkvcvwk
we‡`kx‡`iI AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Px‡bi AvB‡bi Øviv we‡`kx‡`i AwaKvi I ¯^v_©
msiw¶Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y we‡`kx Px‡b Avkªq MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi iv‡L|
bvMwi‡Ki KZ©e¨
KZ©e¨ Qvov AwaKvi A_©nxb| GKwU †K ev` w`‡q AciwU‡K wPšÍv Kiv hvq bv| ZvB Px‡bi
bvMwiKMY AwaKv‡ii cvkvcvwk KwZcq KZ©e¨ cvjb K‡ib, †h¸‡jv wbæiƒc t
1. KvR Kiv t KvR Kiv Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki cÖ_g KZ©e¨| weavb g‡Z Px‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiK Zvi
mg_© Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡e| msweav‡b ejv nq ivóªxq cÖ‡qvR‡b †hŠ_ A_©bxwZi BDwb‡U wbhy³
kªgRxexiv †`‡ki gvwjKvbvi g‡bvfve wb‡q kª‡gi KvR Ki‡e|
2. wk¶v MÖnY t wk¶v MÖnY Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki GKwU †gŠwjK KZ©e¨| msweav‡bi 64bs aviv g‡Z, KZ©e¨ Qvov
MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki wk¶vMÖnY GKwU †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡| AwaKvi A_©nxb|
3. cwievi cwiKíbv t cwievi cwiKíbv I Rb¥wbqš¿Y MÖnY cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki GKwU `vwqZ¡|
Px‡bi bvMwiKMY msweav‡bi 49bs avivg‡Zv ¯^vgx-¯¿x Df‡qiB cwievi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i
_v‡K| †mB mv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvß eq¯‹ †jvK‡`i KZ©e¨ nj wcZv-gvZvi fib †cvlY Kiv|
4. RvZxq HK¨ i¶v t RvZxq HK¨ i¶v Kiv Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki GKwU †gŠwjK KZ©e¨| bvMwiKMY
†Kvb g‡Z G KZ©e¨ cvj‡b weiZ _vK‡e bv| msweav‡bi 52bs aviv g‡Z wbR¯^ ¯^vaxbZv I
AwaKvi †fv‡Mi †¶‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki KZ©e¨ nj RvZxq msnwZ i¶v Kiv|

ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-142

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
5. msweavb gvb¨ Kiv t Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki KZ©‡e¨i Ab¨Zg GKwU nj msweavb gvb¨ Kiv| Px‡bi
bvMwiKMY msweavwbKfv‡e msweavb gvb¨ Ki‡Z eva¨| Zviv †Kvb g‡Z msweavb I AvBb
Agvb¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †mB mv‡_ Zviv mvgvwRK bxwZ‡eva‡K m¤§vb Ki‡e|
6. gvZ„f‚wgi ¯^v_© i¶v t MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki Ab¨Zg KZ©e¨ nj gvZ„f‚wgi ¯^v_© i¶v
Kiv| GwU GKwU †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡| bvMwi‡Ki cweÎ KZ©e¨ nj gvZ…f‚wgi wbivcËv, gh©v`v I ¯^v_©
i¶v Kiv| G KZ©e¨ †_‡K Zviv †Kvb iKg weiZ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
7. mvgvwRK KZ©e¨ t Px‡bi bvMwiKM‡Yi GKwU we‡kl KvR nj mvgvwRK KZ©e¨| gvZ„f‚wg‡K
i¶v Kiv Zv‡`i GKwU mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡| gvZ„f‚wgi weiæ‡× AvMÖvmb cÖwZnZ Kiv MY -cÖRvZš¿x
Px‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki cweÎ KZ©e¨| AvBbvbymv‡i Zviv wgwjwkqv‡Z †hvM`v‡bi m¤§v‡b f‚wlZ
nb|
8. Ki cÖ`vb t Ki cÖ`vb MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡| mvsweavb g‡Z Px‡bi
bvMwiKMY Ki cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

mviK_vt
AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ bvMwiK Rxe‡bi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖv‡Zvfv‡e RwoZ| AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ Qvov bvMwiK
Rxeb Am¤ú~Y©| Av‡Z¥vcjwä I e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖqvRbxq my‡hvM myweavB nj AwaKvi| cÖwZwU
†`‡ki AwaKvi msweavwbK fv‡e ¯^xK„Z I msiw¶Z| MY-cÖRvZš¿x PxbI Gi evwn‡i bq| MY-
cÖRZš¿x Pxb we‡k¦i GKwU e„nr mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª| MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi mvsweav‡bI †jwbbev‡`i
wPšÍvaviv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G wPšÍvavivi †cÖw¶‡Z bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii m‡½ †gŠwjK KZ©‡e¨iI
D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK cÖ‡kœ wUK () w`b|
1. AwaKvi e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡ki-
K. cwicš’x; L. mnvqK;
M. ms‡hvRb; N. †KvbwU bq|
2. AwaKv‡ii kZ© nj -
K. `yBwU; L. cuvP wU;
M. wZb wU; N. Pvi wU|
3. MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi bvMwi‡Ki wk¶vi AwaKv‡ii aviv nj-
K. 46 bs; L. 25 bs;
M. 30 bs; N. 56 bs|
DËi gvjvt 1| L, 2| K, 3| K
msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ
1| AwaKv‡ii msÁv w`b|
iPbvg~jK-cÖkœ
1| MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi bvMwiK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi I KZ©e¨¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

BDwbU-8 c„ôv-
143
GmGmGBPGj

MYcÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’v cvV-4

cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ t
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi cUf‚wg I ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Px‡bi wePvi wefvMxq msMVb wel‡q eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb;

Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨

MY-cÖRvZš¿x Pxb nj we‡k¦i GKwU kw³ai mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª| G †`‡k mgvRZvwš¿K wewa weavb
Abymib Kiv nq| wePvi e¨e¯’vqI Gi cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’v‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j
wb‡¤œv³ ˆewk󨸇jv cvIqv hvqt
 Av`vjZ t Av`vjZ MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi cÖ_g ˆewkó¨| Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vq
Av`vj‡Zi Aw¯ÍZ¡ we`¨gvb| G e¨e¯’vq PviwU Av`vjZ eZ©gvb| G¸‡jv nj-
 K. m‡e©v”P MY-Av`vjZ L. AvÂwjK MY-Av`vjZ M. mvgwiK Av`vjZ I N. we‡kl MY
Av`vjZ| G Av`vj‡Zi wfwˇZ Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’v cwiPvwjZ|
 ¯Íi web¨vm t ¯Íi web¨vm Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vqxq GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i‡Q| ÔÔm‡e©v”P
MY-Av`vjZÕÕ H e¨e¯’vi kx‡l© Aew¯’Z| me©wb‡¤œ nj mvgwiK Av`vjZ| D”PZi Av`vjZ
A‡c¶vK„Zfv‡e wb‡¤œi Av`vj‡Z KvRKg© Z`viKx K‡i|
 ¯^vaxbZv t Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vq ¯^vaxbZv we`¨gvb| G e¨e¯’vq mvsweavwbK fv‡e wePvi wefv‡Mi
¯^vaxbZv‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| msweavb cÖe³vMY g‡b K‡ib ¯^vaxbZv Qvov wePvi wefvM
¯^vaxbZv Qvov
Aw¯ÍZ¡nxb| Zv‡`i aviYv MY-Av`vjZ mn cÖwZwU Av`vjZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡e| Ab¨_vq
wePvi wefvM
wePvi wefvM Aw¯ÍZ¡nxb n‡q co‡e| Aw¯ÍZ¡nxb|
 wb‡qvM I AcmviY t MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi wePvi-e¨e¯’vi Ab¨Zg w`K nj wePviK wb‡qvM I
AcmiY| H e¨e¯’vq wePviKMY AvBbmfvi Øviv wbhy³ nb| Zvuiv cvuP eQ‡ii Rb¨ †gvU `yB
evi `k eQ‡ii †gqv‡` wbhy³ n‡Z cv‡ib| †Kvb wePviK `yB ev‡ii †ekx wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cv‡ib
bv| Zv‡`i Kvh©Kvj MY-Ks‡MÖ‡mi Av¯’vi Dci wbf©i kxj|
 `vwqZ¡kxjZv t Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vq `vwqZ¡kxjZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G e¨e¯’vq wePviKMY
we‡klfv‡e `vwqZ¡kxj| m‡e©v”P MY-Av`jZ RvZxq ms‡MÖm I Zvi ¯’vqx KwgwUi Kv‡Q `vqx|
Av`vjZ¸‡jvi wePviKMY Zv‡`i KvR-K‡g©i Rb¨ we‡kl K‡i Ks‡MÖ‡mi Kv‡Q `vwqZ¡kxj|
`vwqZ¡nxbZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i c`Pz¨Z Kiv hvq|
 cÖKvk¨Zvt Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi Ab¨Zg w`K nj cÖKvk¨Zv| G e¨e¯’vq †MvcbxqZvi cvkvcvwk
cÖKvk¨Zv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Px‡b mKj mvaviY gvgjvi ivq me©-mg‡¶ †`qv nq| Z‡e ivóªxq
†MvcbxqZv i¶v Kiv nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨w³ Aegvbbv wel‡qi †MvcbxqZv i¶v Kiv nq|
 `ßi t `vßwiK e¨e¯’v Px‡bi wePvi wefv‡Mi Av‡iKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K| Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi
¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½ nj cÖwKD‡iU-Gi `ßi| wewfbœ Av`vjZ msweavb †g‡b P‡j wKbv Zv Z`viKxi
`vwqZ¡ G `߇ii Dci b¨v¯Í|
 wePvi wefvMxq KwgwU t wePvi wefvMxq KwgwU MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vq we`¨gvb|
GwU wePvi e¨e¯’vi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| G KwgwU we‡kl RwUj gvgjv wePv‡ii †¶‡Î civgk©

ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-144

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
I mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| Px‡bi wePvi wefvMxq KwgwU MYZvwš¿K †Kw›`ªKZvi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i
P‡j| G KwgwU wewfbœ gvgjvi AvBbvbyM e¨vL¨v I g~j¨vqb m¤úv`b K‡i|
 AvZ¥c¶ mg_©b t Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vq AvZ¥c¶ mg_©‡bi my‡hvM eZ©gvb| cÖwZwU MYZvwš¿K
wePvi e¨e¯’vq G weavb i‡q‡Q| †`vlx mve¨¯Í e¨w³ wb‡R, wbKU AvZ¥xq I AvBbRxex‡`i
gva¨‡g AvZ¥c¶ mg_©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G †¶‡Î AvBbRxex‡`i f‚wgKv AMÖMY¨|
 fvlvi cÖvavb¨ t mgvRZvwš¿K Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vq wewfbœ fvlvi cÖvavb¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| gvgjv-
†gvKÏgv cwiPvjbvi mgq bvMwiKMY wbR wbR fvlv e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| gvgjv Kvixi †Kvb
GK c¶ ¯’vbxq I †jL¨ fvlvq AÁ n‡j wePvi wefvM †`v-fvlxi e¨e¯’v K‡i _v‡K| ev¯Íe
Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z wePv‡ii Awf‡hvM ivq weÁwß wbw`©ó A‡j cÖPwjZ GK ev GKvwaK fvlvq
†jLv nq|
Px‡bi wePvi wefvMxq msMVb
Px‡bi wePvi wefv‡Mi wfwË nj msMVb| Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’v msMVb wfwËK| H †`‡ki wePvi
wefvMxq KvVv‡gv wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii MY-Av`vjZ wb‡q MwVZ| m‡e©v”P MY-Av`vjZ wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii ¯’vbxq
MY-Av`jZ I mvgwiK Av`vjZ wb‡q MwVZ| G MY-Av`vjZ PviwU ¯Í‡i web¨¯Í| Px‡bi wePvi
wefv‡Mi ¯Íi web¨vm nj wb¤œiƒc t
 m‡e©v”P MY-Av`vjZ;
 †cŠimfvi D”PZi MY-Av`vjZ;
 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii MY-Av`vjZ;
 †cŠi †Rjvi g~j MY-Av`vjZ|

wØZxq, Z„Zxq I PZz_© †kªYxi Av`vjZ AvÂwjK MY-Av`vjZ bv‡g L¨vZ| m‡e©v”P MY-Av`vjZ Ges
¯’vbxq MY-Av`vjZ Qvov Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi Av‡iKwU †kªYxi Av`vjZ i‡q‡Q| G‡K we‡kl MY-
Av`vjZ ejv P‡j| Gi cÖK„ó D`vniY nj- †ij-cwienb MY-Av`vjZ, †bŠ-cwienb MY-Av`vjZ,
mvgwiK MY-Av`vjZ I ebv‡ji MY-Av`vjZ cÖf„wZ| MY-cÖwKD‡iU Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi m‡½
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1| MY-Px‡b me©cÖ_g AvBb e¨e¯’v‡K c~Y© MVb Kiv nqt-
K. 1978 m‡b; L. 1975 m‡b;
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2| Px‡bi wePvi wefvM‡K mywbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q

K. msweav‡bi gva¨‡g; L. cÖ_vi gva¨‡g;
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3| Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi mevi kx‡l© Aew¯’Z-

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msw¶ß DËi-g~jK cÖkœ

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1| Px‡bi wePvi e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

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 cvwU©i †K›`ªxq msMVb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
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Px‡bi KwgDwbó cvwU©i BwZnvm t

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nq|
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j¶¨¸‡jv wQj wb¤œiƒct
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G gZv`‡k©i Kvi‡YB Px‡b mgvRZ‡š¿i Avwe©fve nq| Øv`k Kvs‡MÖ‡m (1982) G Av`k©‡K ZvwË¡K
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
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nq| evwnbx|

cvwU©i †K›`ªxq msMVb

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Px‡bi mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †cª¶vc‡U KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i f‚wgKv
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ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-148

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3| AvšÍR©vwZK Kvh©vejx t Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b KwZcq Kvh©vejx cvjb K‡i|
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cy‡ivcywi c„_K Kivi bxwZ ¯^xK„Z| c„_KKxKi‡Yi bxwZi wfwˇZ KwgDwb÷ cvwU© ivóª
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BDwbU-8 c„ôv-149
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7| mvgwiK KvR t mvgwiK KvR Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i me©‡kl KvR| 78 m‡bi msweav‡b mk¯¿
evwnbxi Dci KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i KZ…Zc ¡ ~Y© I wbqš¿Y wQj| wKš‘ 82 m‡bi msweav‡b Zv evwZj
Kiv nq| ev¯Í‡e mk¯¿ evwnbxi Dci KwgDwbó cvwU©i f‚wgKv c~‡e©i gZ _v‡K| mvgwiK evwnbxi
MY-gyw³ †dŠ‡Ri cvwU© msMVb¸‡jv KwgDwbó cvwU© †K›`ªxq KwgwUi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ
nq| d‡j Px‡bi mvgwiK evwnbxi Dci KwgDwbó cvwU©i wbqš¿Y †`Lv hvq|

mviK_vt
KwgDwbó cvwU© MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi m‡e©v”P cvwU©| cywRev`x Ae¯’v DËi‡Yi j‡¶¨ G cvwU©i Rb¥|
kªwgK †kªYxi GKbvqKZ¡ cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ G cvwU©i Avwe©fve| †mvwf‡qZ mgvRZš¿ cÖwZôvi ci ciB
Zzs wmD I gvI †mZzs Gi †bZ„‡Z¡ KwgDwbó cvwU©i Rb¥| 1921 m‡ji 1jv RyjvB gvÎ 70 Rb m`m¨
wb‡q Gi c`PviYv| ax‡i ax‡i G msMVbwU Pxbv Rbmvavi‡Yi RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i| Af¨šÍixY
welq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i AvšÍR©vwZK wel‡q G cvwU©i ¸iæZ¡ I cÖfve Acwimxg|

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi wUK () w`b|
1. wcwKs- G gvK©mev`x PµwU M‡o D‡V-
K. 1917 m‡b ; L. 1925 m‡b
M. 1918 m‡b; N. 1940 m‡b|
2. Pxbv KwgDwbó cvwU©i m„wó nq-
K. 1921 m‡bi 1jv RyjvB; L 1921 m‡bi 5B RyjvB
M. 1920 m‡bi 1jv Ryb; N. 1921m‡bi 2iv gvP©|
4. KwgDwbó cvwU©i cÖv_wgK m`m¨ wQj-
K. 60 Rb; L. 100 Rb
M. 40 Rb; N. 70 Rb|
DËigvjvt 1| L, 2| M, 3| K, 4| N
msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœt
1| Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mvaviY bxwZ¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœt
1| MY-cÖRvZš¿x Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i f‚wgKv I ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|
mnvqK MÖš’vejx
1| Wales Nyn (New China).
2| Hughes Richard (The Chines communes)
3| The Government and politics of communist china.
4| wW. wR. Gm (mgvRZ‡š¿i c‡_ Px‡bi Rq)|

ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-150

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BDwbU-8 c„ôv-151
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ivóªweÁvb : ˆe‡`wkK ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v c„ôv-152