evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv‡`k I Avš—R©vwZK m¤úK© BDwbU-9

Bangladesh and International Relations

f‚wgKv :
1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k GKwU ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e AvZ¡cÖKvk K‡i| GKwU bZzb ivóª n‡jI
RbmsL¨v I Ae¯’vbMZ Kvi‡Y we‡k¦ evsjv‡`‡ki h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q| ci¯úi wbf©ikxj wek¦-
e¨e¯’vq evsjv‡`k †hgb Ab¨ †`k‡K wewfbœfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i, †Zgwb Ab¨ †`‡ki KvQ †_‡K
cÖPzi mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qI _v‡K| AvaywbK Kv‡j ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ †`qv- †bqvi wfwˇZB M‡o I‡V
Avš—:ivóªxq m¤úK©| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ Gw`K w`‡q ZvB mdj| evsjv‡`k mevi mv‡_
eÜz‡Z¡ wek¦vm K‡i, Kv‡iv mv‡_ weev‡` Rov‡Z Pvq bv| G Rb¨B evsjv‡`k †RvU-wbi‡c¶
Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv
evsjv‡`‡ki AwfcÖvq| G j‡¶¨B `w¶Y Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jv‡K wb‡q evsjv‡`k ÔmvK©Õ MV‡b
D‡`¨vMx n‡qwQj Ges G e¨vcv‡i mvdj¨I AR©b K‡i‡Q| ïay cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i mv‡_ mym¤úK©
¯’vcbB bq, evsjv‡`k gymwjg we‡k¦i mv‡_ eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© cÖwZôvqI g‡bv‡hvMx| ag© I
HwZn¨MZ eÜb‡K †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k I. AvB. wm.Õi m`m¨ n‡q G ms¯’vq ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| AbybœZ I ¶z`ª ivóª n‡jI wek¦-ivRbxwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki f‚wgKv Zvrch©c~Y©|
we‡kl K‡i wek¦-kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶vq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb AZ¨šÍ ¯úó| G Kvi‡Y wek¦-mfvq
evsjv‡`k gh©v`vi Avm‡b AwawôZ n‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

Ôevsjv‡`k I AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK© kxl©K BDwb‡Ui welq‡K Avgiv cvuPwU fv‡M wef³ K‡i
Av‡jvPbv Kie :

cvV - 1 evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨|

cvV - 2 evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ cÖYq‡bi Dcv`vb|

cvV - 3 †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vjb|

cvV - 4 mvK©|

cvV - 5 I. AvB. wm.|

BDwbU-7 c„ôv-173
 GmGmGBPGj

cvV - 1 evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨

Aims and Objectives of Bangladesh Foreign Policy

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb 

ciivóª bxwZi msÁv wbiæcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi g~j ˆewkó¨¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ciivóª bxwZi msÁv

eZ©gvb hy‡M cÖ‡Z¨K †`k‡KB Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki mv‡_ †Kvb bv †Kvb m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z nq|
eZ©gvb hy‡M Ab¨ †`‡ki mv‡_ m¤úK© bv †i‡L †Kvb ivóªB wU‡K _vK‡Z I DbœwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g wek¦-e¨e¯’vq wbR iv‡óªi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivLv I AMÖMwZ AR©b
Kiv m¤¢e| AvšÍR©vwZK mgv‡Ri m`m¨ wn‡m‡e ivóªmg~‡ni m¤úK© ciivóª bxwZi gva¨‡g wba©vwiZ
I wbqwš¿Z nq| cÖwZwU ivóªB wb‡Ri RvZxq bxwZ, j¶¨ Ges ¯^v_© ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ m‡Pó _v‡K|
ciivóªbxwZ g~jZ: GKwU iv‡óªi RvZxq bxwZ, j¶¨ Ges ¯^v_© ev¯—evq‡bi GKwU we‡kl c×wZ ev
gva¨g| A_©vr GK iv‡óªi mv‡_ Ab¨ iv‡óªi m¤úK© †Kvb bxwZi wfwˇZ ¯’vwcZ n‡e Ges
ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v wKfv‡e Kvh©Ki n‡e †mB `„wóf½xB ciivóªbxwZ wn‡m‡e
cÖwZdwjZ nq| mywbw`©ófv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ej‡Z nq, wbw`©ó AvšÍ:ivóªxq Kvh©µg Abymi‡Yi Rb¨
M„nxZ ivóªxq wm×všÍB nj ciivóª bxwZ| ciivóª bxwZ‡K msKxY© I e¨vcK A‡_© e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
msKxY© A‡_© ciivóª bxwZ n‡jv, Ab¨ †Kvb iv‡óªi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wbR iv‡óªi
A_©‰bwZK, mvgwiK, gZv`k©MZ I mvs¯‹…wZK j¶¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi bxwZgvjv| Avi e¨vcK A‡_©
ciivóª bxwZ ej‡Z wek¦-e¨e¯’v I Zvi cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© †Kvb iv‡óªi D‡Ïk¨, cwiKíbv Ges
wµqvKjvc‡K eySvq|
evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi ˆewkó¨
evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨| †m †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡biI m`m¨| myZivs †m ¯^fveZB
mw¤§wjZ RvwZms‡Ni mb` (Charter) I †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi g~jbxwZmg~n †g‡b P‡j|
evsjv‡`‡ki G QvovI evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi cÖavb g~jbxwZwU evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ciivóªbxwZi cÖavb ingvb AwZ PgrKvifv‡e e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Qb †h, ÔÔAvgv‡`i †`kwU ¶z`ª ZvB KviI
ˆewk󨸇jv nj-
mevi cÖwZ eÜzZ¡, cÖwZ we‡Øl bq, Avgiv PvB mK‡ji m‡½ eÜzZ¡|ÕÕ Zvui GB Dw³i g‡a¨B Avgv‡`i ciivóª bxwZi
Ab¨ iv‡óªi ˆewkó¨ wbwnZ| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi cÖavb w`K¸‡jv nj :
¯^vaxbZv I 1.mK‡ji cÖwZ eÜzZ¡, KviI cÖwZ we‡Øl bq : †h‡nZz evsjv‡`k Zvi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖwZ
m¤§vb cÖ`k©b, ˆe‡`wkK mvnv‡h¨i Dci wbf©ikxj, †m‡nZz evsjv‡`k e„nr kw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwUi
A‡b¨i Af¨šÍixY c¶vej¤^b K‡i Ab¨wUi weivMfvRb n‡Z Pvq bv| Gi †P‡qI eo K_v nj †h, GK i³¶qx
e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡¶c msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g AvÍcÖKv‡ki ci evsjv‡`k Pvq bv †h, †m †Kvb e„nr kw³i LyuwU wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
bv Kiv Ges wek¦ n‡e|
kvwšÍi c‡¶
Ae¯’vb MÖnY| 2. Ab¨ iv‡óªi mve©‡fŠgZ¡, ivóªxq ¯^vaxbZv I †fŠ‡MvwjK ALÛZvi cÖwZ h_vh_ m¤§vb
cÖ`k©b Kiv: G g~jbxwZwU RvwZmsN mb‡`i 2(4) avivi mv‡_ m¤ú~Y© mvgÄm¨c~Y©|
3.Ab¨ iv‡óªi Af¨šÍixY e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡¶c bv Kiv : G g~jbxwZwUI RvwZmsN mb‡`i 2(7)
avivi Dci cÖwZwôZ| cÖK…Zc‡¶ 2 I 3 b¤^i gyjbxwZ `ywU ivóªxq AvPi‡Yi †¶‡Î cvi¯úwiK
mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ M‡o IVv Av`‡k©i eywbqv‡`i Dci cÖwZwôZ|

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-174

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4. wek¦ kvwš— : evsjv‡`k †h kvwš— Kvgbv K‡i, Zv 1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m RvwZi RbK
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †`‡ki gvwU‡Z cv ivLvi mv‡_ mv‡_B e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb wZwb
ب_©nxbfv‡e †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, ÔAvwg evsjv‡`k‡K cÖv‡P¨i myBRvij¨vÛ wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z
PvB|Õ G e¨vcv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb ivóªweÁvbx h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb †h, Ôevsjv‡`k ïay kvwš—i
D‡Ï‡k¨B kvwš— Pvq bv, Gi AviI KviY nj Zvi RvZxq DbœwZ I wbivcËvi e¨vcv‡i
mycwiKwíZ we‡ePbv|Õ evsjv‡`k KZ…©K A‡š^wlZ kvwšÍi GB g~jbxwZi K‡qKwU Zvrch© wbæiƒc :
evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª
• cÖ_gZ: evsjv‡`k kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯’v‡b wek¦vm K‡i; bxwZi j¶¨ I
• wØZxqZ: evsjv‡`k †h †Kvb weev` kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q gxgvsmvi c¶cvwZ; Ges D‡Ïk¨ nj AvÍi¶v,
A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ,
• Z…ZxqZ: evsjv‡`k Pvq †h, †h †Kvb AvšÍR©vwZK cwiw¯’wZi cwieZ©b kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q n‡e| RvZxq kw³ i¶v I
GB cÖm‡½ G K_vI memgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, evsjv‡`k KLbI we‡k¦i †Kvb iv‡óªi kvwšÍ I cÖ‡qvR‡b e„w× Kiv,
wbR¯^ gZev‡` `„p
wbivcIvi cÖwZ ûgwK cÖ`k©b bv Kivi e¨vcv‡i e×cwiKi| _vKv I RvZxq
evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ gh©v`v e„w× Kiv|
Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, †h †Kvb †`k ewnwe©‡k¦i KvQ †_‡K Zvi D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zvi
ciivóª bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`kI GB cÖPwjZ ivóªxq wbq‡gi evB‡i bq| evsjv‡`‡ki
ciivóª bxwZi cÖavb j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨vewj‡K Avgiv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvwi :
1. AvZ¡i¶v,
2. A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ,
3. Ab¨ iv‡óªi Zyjbvq wb‡Ri RvZxq kw³‡K i¶v I cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a e„w× Kiv,
4. wbR¯^ gZev‡` `„p _vKv, I
5. RvZxq gh©v`v e„w× Kiv|
AvÍi¶v : Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki †ejvqI G K_v mwZ¨ †h, AvZ¡i¶v nj Avgv‡`i
me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯^v_©| †Kvb iv‡óªi AvÍi¶v ej‡Z mvaviYZt †evSvq Zvi mve©‡fŠgZ¡,
ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv I †fŠ‡MvwjK ALÛZv eRvq ivLv| RvZxq wbivcËv A¶zYœ ivLvi welqwU
Gi mv‡_ wbweofv‡e RwoZ| e¯‘Ztc‡¶ RvZxq wbivcËvi aviYvwU iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv, mve©‡fŠgZ¡
I †fŠ‡MvwjK ALÛZvi mw¤§wjZ cÖwZdjb gvÎ| cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡× GK
i³¶qx msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g AvZ¡cÖKv‡ki ciI evsjv‡`‡ki wbivcËvi cÖwZ eûevi wewfbœ w`K
†_‡K ûgwK G‡m‡Q| GgZve¯’vq evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wbivcËv eRvq ivLv ev¯ÍweKB me‡P‡q Avgv‡`i
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ciivóªbxwZ
cÖ‡YZv‡`i
A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ : hw` Avgiv Avgv‡`i wbivcËv weavb Ki‡Z m¶g nB, Z‡e Zvi c‡iB mve©¶wYK `vwqZ¡
Avm‡e Avgv‡`i A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi cÖkœwU| AvcvZ`„wó‡Z evsjv‡`k GKwU Mwie ivóª, wKš‘ Zey n‡e Avgv‡`i
Gi g‡a¨ †h m¤¢vebv jywK‡q Av‡Q, Zv hw` Avgv‡`i wm×všÍMÖnYKvixiv Dchy³fv‡e Kv‡R RvZxq kw³i
Dcv`vb¸‡jv
jvMv‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e Zv A`~i fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK mg„w× e‡q Avb‡Z m¶g msi¶Y Kiv Ges
n‡e| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i hv `iKvi Zv nj mnR k‡Z© ˆe‡`wkK mvnvh¨ MÖnY Ges Zv h_v_© mgq I my‡hvMgZ
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Kv‡R jvwM‡q Avgv‡`i Drcv`b evov‡bv Ges G fv‡e wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvovevi e¨e¯’v G¸‡jv‡K e„w×i
†Póv Kiv|
Kiv| GKB mv‡_ G w`‡Ki cÖwZI j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Avgv‡`i Drcvw`Z cY¨mvgMÖx we‡`‡k
Dchy³ evRvi cvq|
RvZxq kw³ msi¶Y I e„w× : evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi Av‡iKwU cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ nj Avgv‡`i
RvZxq kw³ msi¶Y I e„w×i w`‡K we‡kl `„wó ivLv| RvZxq kw³ ej‡Z GLv‡b †evSv‡bv n‡”Q
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki mvwe©K ¶gZv, hv Avgv‡`i ciivóª bxwZ cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb

BDwbU-7 c„ôv-175
GmGmGBPGj

ivL‡Z cv‡i| RvZxq kw³ nj A‡bK¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi †hvMdj| H¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`,
Lv`¨ I R¡vjvwb Drcv`b D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GUv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h, †m DwjøwLZ
m¤ú`ivwRi Dci Zvi cwic~Y© wbqš¿Y eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i| †mB mv‡_ Zvi mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`k I
Af¨šÍixY Rjmxgvi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z m¤ú`mn Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú‡`i Dci †h †Kvb iKg ˆe‡`wkK
`vwe‡K bm¨vr K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e Avgv‡`i ciivóª bxwZ cÖ‡YZv‡`i mve©¶wYK `vwqZ¡ n‡e
Avgv‡`i RvZxq kw³i Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K msi¶Y Ges mgq I my‡hvM ey‡S G¸‡jv‡K e„w× Kivi
e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv|
wbR¯^ gZev‡` `„p _vKv : eZ©gvb we‡k¦ cÖ‡Z¨K ivóªB †Kvb bv †Kvb gZev` AbymiY K‡i _v‡K
A_ev Kgc‡¶ cÖPwjZ †h †Kvb gZev‡`i cÖwZ Zvi mg_©b †NvlYv K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vcv‡i
ejv hvq †h, †m abZvwš¿K ev mgvRZvwš¿K G - `ywU ci¯úiwe‡ivax gZev‡`i †KvbwUB
cy‡ivcywifv‡e AbymiY K‡i bv| eis `yÕwU c×wZi fvj w`K¸‡jv wb‡q GKwU wgkª A_©bxwZ‡K
AbymiY K‡i _v‡K|
RvZxq gh©v`v e„w× : GKwU ¯^vaxb RvwZ wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki AvZ¡cÖKv‡ki ci Zv‡K eûwea
mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡q‡Q cÖavbZt G Kvi‡Y †h, Zvi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v wQj AwZ †kvPbxq|
bq gv‡mi hy‡× e¨vcK aŸsm ¶q¶wZ Ges Drcv`‡bi Kg©KvÛ ¯’wMZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y Avgiv
¯^vaxbZvi ci Mfxifv‡e A_©‰bwZK msK‡U wbcwZZ nB| wKš‘ GUv wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ Pj‡Z cv‡i
bv| myZivs evsjv‡`k hv‡Z Zvi gh©v`v eRvq †i‡L ewnwe©‡k¦ GKwU gh©v`vKi fveg~wZ© wb‡q †eu‡P
_vK‡Z cv‡i, †m e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv Avgv‡`i ciivóª bxwZi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨|

mviK_v: ciivóªbxwZ GKwU iv‡óªi RvZxq bxwZ, j¶¨ Ges ¯^v_© ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU we‡kl c×wZ
ev gva¨g| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóªbxwZ‡Z †h `„wóf½x ev j¶¨ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv g~jZ: RvwZmsN
I †RvUwbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi bxwZgvjvi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| mevi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡, mKj iv‡óªi
mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b I Kv‡iv Af¨šÍixY e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡¶c bv Kiv Ges wek¦ kvwšÍ I
wbivcËv i¶v evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóªbxwZi †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨| Gme †gŠwjK ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ
cÖwZwôZ ciivóªbxwZ‡Z †h me j¶¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv-AvÍi¶v, A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ,
RvZxq kw³ e„w× Kiv, wbR¯^ gZev‡` `„p _vKv Ges RvZxq gh©v`v e„w× Kiv|

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-176

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ :
mwVK DËiwU wjLyb|
1| evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ †Kvb& †`kmg~‡ni mnvqZv AwaK cÖZ¨vkv
K‡i?
K) abx I wk‡ívbœZ †`kmg~n Ges Bmjvgx wek¦;
L) j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiexq A‡ji †`kmg~n;
M) ivwkqv I c~e© BD‡ivcxq AÂj;
N) mve-mvnviv Avwd«Kv|

2| evsjv‡`k †Kvb& iv‡óªi mv‡_ evwYwR¨K AmgZv Kwg‡q Avb‡Z m‡Pó?

K) gvwK©b hy³ivóª;
L) fviZ;
M) Av‡R©w›Ubv;
N) gvqvbgvi|

3| Ab¨ iv‡óªi Af¨šÍixY e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡¶c bv Kivi bxwZwU mw¤§wjZ RvwZcyÄ mb‡`i KZ b¤^i
avivi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©?
K) 1 (2);
L) 2 (3);
M) 3 (4);
N) 2 (7)|

msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ :

1| ciivóª bxwZi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ wK fv‡e wba©vwiZ nq?
2| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóªbxwZi ˆewkó¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
3| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóªbxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1| ciivóª bxwZi wba©viK Dcv`vbmg~n eY©bv Kiæb|

DËi: 1. K, 2. L, 3. N|

mnvqK MÖš’
1| J. J. Frankel, The Making of Foreign Policy
2| J .H Politics Among Nations ,Morgenthau .

BDwbU-7 c„ôv-177
 GmGmGBPGj

cvV-2 evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ cÖYq‡bi Dcv`vb

Elements of Bangladesh Foreign Policy

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb 

ciivóª bxwZi mvaviY Dcv`vb wK wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

ciiivóª bxwZi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi Dcv`vbmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ciivóª bxwZi mvaviY Dcv`vb

ciivóª bxwZ GKKfv‡e bxwZ cÖ‡YZv‡`i B”Qv I we‡ePbvi Dci wbf©ikxj bq| ciivóª bxwZ
cÖ‡YZvMY‡K wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| †h me Dcv`v‡bi Dci
wfwË K‡i ciivóª bxwZ cÖYxZ nq, †m me Dcv`vb‡K ciivóª bxwZi wba©viK wn‡m‡eI AwfwnZ
Kiv hvq| ciivóª bxwZi mvaviY Dcv`vbmg~n nj-
• †fŠ‡MvwjK-†KŠkjMZ Ae¯’vb;
• RbmsL¨v;
• A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¯Íi;
• gZv`k©MZ cwi‡ek;
• mvgwiK mvg_©¨;
• cÖwZ‡ekx ivóªmg~‡ni AvPiY I AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ek|

ciivóª bxwZi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡

ciivóª bxwZi wba©viK Dcv`vb A‡bK| Gi g‡a¨ ‡Kvb †Kvb Dcv`vb `„k¨gvb (visible) Ges
mgq I cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb †KvbwU A`„k¨gvb (invisible)| †hgb, †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb, RbmsL¨v, A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ,
cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_
mv‡_ ciivóª mvgwiK mvg_©¨ BZ¨vw` Dcv`vb¸‡jv my¯úófv‡e `„k¨gvb| wKš‘ gZv`k©MZ cwi‡ek,
bxwZi Av‡cw¶K cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i AvPiY I AvšÍRv©vwZK cwi‡ekG Dcv`vb¸‡jv `„k¨gvb bq| `„k¨gvbB †nvK
¸iæZ¡ K‡gI †e‡o Avi A`„k¨gvbB †nvK cÖwZwU Dcv`vbB ciivóª bxwZ wba©vi‡Yi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Z‡e Gme
†h‡Z cv‡i| Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbwU g~L¨ Ges †KvbwU †MŠY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| G Qvov, mg‡qi
cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ciivóª bxwZi †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i, Avevi †Kvb
†Kvb Dcv`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ †e‡oI †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, `~i cvjøvi †¶cbv¯¿ Ges DcMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g
Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡bi ci f‚-†KŠkjMZ Dcv`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ K‡g †M‡Q, †e‡o †M‡Q
mvgwiK mvg‡_©¨i ¸iæZ¡| cyuwRev` I mgvRZ‡š¿i Ø›Ø wbimb Z_v ¯œvqyhy‡×i Aemv‡bi ci
gZv`‡k©i ¸iæZ¡ K‡g †M‡Q Ges A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¸iæZ¡ †e‡o †M‡Q | ciivóª bxwZi
Dcv`vb¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡cw¶K A‡_© †e‡o ev K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †Kvb Dcv`vbB KLbI
¸iæZ¡nxb n‡q hvq bv| GKvi‡Y ciivóª bxwZ wba©vi‡Y me Dcv`vb‡KB we‡ePbv Kivi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv _v‡K|
evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi wewfbœ Dcv`vb
ciivóª bxwZi D‡jøwLZ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Av‡jv‡K GLb Avgiv mywbw`©ófv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª
bxwZi wba©viK Dcv`vb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|
†fŠ‡MvwjK-†KŠkjMZ Ae¯’vb : †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k `w¶Y Gwkqvi
AšÍfz©³| evsjv‡`‡ki c~e©, cwðg I Dˇi fviZ Ges `w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvMi| `w¶Y-c~‡e©
gvqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ msKxY© mxgvšÍ i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wZb w`K fviZ KZ…©K cwi‡ewóZ e‡j Ges

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-178

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖavb cÖavb b`-b`x¸‡jv fvi‡Zi wfZi w`‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖevwnZ nevi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki
ciivóª bxwZ‡Z fviZ‡K me‡P‡q †ekx ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z nq| fvi‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úK© Dbœqb Ges
kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q we‡iva gxgvsmvi bxwZ AbymiY Kiv Acwinvh© n‡q D‡V| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚j
`w¶Y I `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi ms‡hvM wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq| G Kvi‡Y ‡KŠkjMZ we‡ePbvq
evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| evsjv‡`k GB my‡hvM‡K KvR jvwM‡q A_©‰bwZK myweav
AR©‡bi AbyK‚j ciivóª bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i‡Q, hvi djkÖywZB nj Ôwegm‡UKÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki
`w¶Yv‡ji f‚-fvM mwbœwnZ e‡½vcmvMi fviZ gnvmvM‡ii mv‡_ hy³ e‡j evsjv‡`k fviZ
gnvmvMi‡K mvgwiK cÖwZØw›ØZvgy³ ivL‡Z m‡Pó| †KŠkjMZ we‡ePbvq evsjv‡`‡ki wbivcËv
†h‡nZz fviZ gnvmvM‡ii kvwšÍc~Y© cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ hy³, †m Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ †m
j‡¶¨B cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
RbmsL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v Pxb I fvi‡Zi g‡Zv AwaKI bq, Avevi f‚Uvb I gvjØx‡ci
g‡Zv KgI bq| evsjv‡`k RbmsL¨vMZ we‡ePbvq we‡k¦i ga¨g ch©v‡qi GKwU †`k| G †`‡ki
ev‡iv †KvwU RbmsL¨v cÖavbZ:B mgRvZxq| G mgRvZxq RbmsL¨v evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq kw³ e„w× evsjv‡`‡ki
K‡i‡Q Ges we‡k¦ ¸iæZ¡ evwo‡q‡Q| d‡j ¶z`ª ivóªmg~‡ni g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki wbivcËv fxwZ I RbmsL¨vi GKwU
weivU Ask
Aw¯—Z¡ msKU Zxeª n‡q D‡Vwb| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ Kv‡iv cÖwZ bZRvby bq, wbivcËv
Rbkw³ wn‡m‡e
e¨e¯’vI Kv‡iv Dci wbf©ikxj bq| G Qvov, evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi GKwU weivU Ask Rbkw³ AvšÍR©vwZK kªg
wn‡m‡e AvšÍR©vwZK kªgevRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| Gi d‡j c„w_exi A‡bK DbœZ †`kI kªgkw³i evRv‡i cÖ‡ek
Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Dci wbf©ikxj| G Kvi‡Y DbœZ †`‡ki mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki `iKlvKwli Kivq A‰bK DbœZ
¶gZvI A‡bK †e‡o‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ wba©vi‡Y RbmsL¨vi ¸iæZ¡ ZvB G‡Zv †ekx| †`kI kªgkw³i
Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki
A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¯Íi : A_©‰bwZK w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k AbybœZ| GKw`‡K G‡`‡k wk‡íi Dci wbf©ikxj|
weKvk N‡Uwb, Ab¨w`‡K K…wl‡Z mbvZb cÖhyw³i Dci wbf©iZv we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j wkí I
K…wl Dfq †¶‡Î Drcv`b msKU we`¨gvb| GgbwK f‚-Af¨šÍ‡i †h me cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i gRy`
Av‡Q Zv D‡Ëvj‡bi ¶gZvI evsjv‡`‡ki †bB| g~jZ: cyuwR MV‡bi wbæ nvi I AvaywbK cÖhyw³i
AfveRwbZ Kvi‡YB Dbœqb cÖ‡Póv‡K MwZkxj Kiv hv‡”Q bv| ZvB evsjv‡`k‡K cyuwR I cÖhyw³i
Rb¨ DbœZ †`kmg~‡ni Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| G Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k Zvi ciivóª bxwZ‡K
Ggbfv‡e wba©viY K‡i hv‡Z DbœZ we‡k¦i mv‡_ my-m¤úK© cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g FY, mvnvh¨ Ges
cÖhyw³MZ mnvqZv cvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¯Íi hw` DbœZ n‡Zv Zvn‡j
evsjv‡`k wbðqB A_©‰bwZK mvnvh¨ Av`v‡qi ciivóª bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡Zv bv|
gZv`k©MZ cwi‡ek : gZv`k©MZ cwi‡ek A‡bK mg‡qB ciivóª bxwZi †¶‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨
wba©viK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cuPvËi-c~e© ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vc‡U mgvRZš¿x gZv`‡k©i cÖfv‡e
evsjv‡`k wQj fviZ I †mvwf‡qZ †Nlv| cieZ©xKv‡j D`vi I Bmjvgx gZv`k© Abymi‡Yi d‡j
†`‡ki m¤úK© †e‡o‡Q gymwjg ivóªmg~n I cwðgv we‡k¦i mv‡_| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j mgvRZvwš¿K
gZv`‡k©i Pig wech©q Ges D`vi MYZvwš¿K gZv`‡k©i e¨vcK cÖmv‡ii d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª
bxwZ‡Z cvðvZ¨gyLx †SvuK cÖej n‡q D‡V‡Q|
mvgwiK mvg_©¨ : evsjv‡`‡ki †P‡q cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fvi‡Zi mvgwiK ¶gZv eû ¸Y †ekx|
†mR‡b¨ evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ me mg‡qB wbivcËv fxwZ weivR K‡i| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki
ciivóª bxwZ‡Z fvi‡Zi mv‡_ msNvZ Gwo‡q Pjvi Ges wØcvw¶K Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g we‡iva
gxgvsmvi B”Qv cÖwZdwjZ nq| wKš‘ Rj, ¯’j I AvKv‡k wb‡Ri AvZ¡i¶vi Rb¨B DbœZZi
mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y Ges AvaywbK A¯¿ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡Póv evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
w`K| G Kvi‡YB hy³ivóª, Pxb cÖf…wZ †`‡ki mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k ciivóª bxwZ‡Z
we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q _v‡K|

BDwbU-7 c„ôv-179
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cÖwZ‡ekx ivóªmg~‡ni AvPiY I AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ek : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ‡ekx wn‡m‡e

we‡klfv‡e fvi‡Zi Ges mvaviYfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ `w¶Y Gkxq †`k I gvqvbgv‡ii AvPi‡Yi Dci
evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi cÖK…wZ wbf©i K‡i| mxgvšÍ mswkøó ˆeixZv, RbmsL¨v ¯’vbvšÍi,
mgy`ªmxgv wPwýZKiY, evwYR¨ e¨eavb BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i AvPi‡Yi Dci wØcvw¶K
I AvÂwjK ch©v‡qi m¤úK© wbav©wiZ nq| cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i AvPiY mshZ I eÜzZ¡c~Y© n‡j
evsjv‡`kI mn‡hvwMZv m¤cÖmvi‡Y AvMÖnx n‡q D‡V| Zv bv n‡j RvwZmsN I wek¦-m¤cÖ`v‡qi
mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g RvZxq ¯^v_© i¶v Kivi bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| GQvov, AvšÍR©vwZK
cwi‡ek, we‡kl K‡i cvigvYweK D‡ËRbv evsjv‡`k‡K wePwjZ K‡i| ZvB wek¦ kvwšÍi j‡¶¨
cvigvbweK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvgy³ wek¦-cwi‡ek M‡o †Zvjvi B”Qv evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ‡Z
cÖwZdwjZ nq|
G‡Zv¶Y Avgiv †hme Dcv`vb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kijvg G¸‡jvB ciivóª bxwZi g~L¨ Dcv`vb|
g~jZ Gme Dcv`v‡bi wfwˇZB †Kvb †`‡ki ciivóª bxwZ wba©vwiZ nq|

mviK_v: ciivóªbxwZi A‡bK¸‡jv Dcv`vb _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`vb `„k¨gvb Ges
†Kvb †KvbwU A`„k¨gvb| `„k¨gvb wKsev A`„k¨gvb Dfq †¶‡ÎB †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`vb mgq I
cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y g~L¨ wKsev †MŠb wn‡m‡e we‡e n‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`ki ciivóª bxwZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Dcv`vb¸‡jv nj: †KŠkjMZ Ae¯’vb, RbmsL¨v, A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¯Íi, gZv`k©MZ cwi‡ek,
mvgwiK mvg_©¨, cÖwZ‡ekx ivóªmg~‡ni AvPiY I AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ek|

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-180

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ :
mwVK DËiwU wjLyb|
1| ciivóª bxwZi A`„k¨gvb Dcv`vb †Kvb&wU ?
K) A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¯Íi;
L) RbmsL¨v;
M) gZv`k©MZ cwi‡ek;
N) mvgwiK mvg_©¨|

2| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-c~‡e© Aew¯’Z cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª †Kvb&wU?

K) †bcvj;
L) gvqvbgvi;
M) kªxj¼v;
N) cvwK¯—vb|

3| ¯œvqyhy× Aemv‡bi ci gZv`‡k©i ¸iæZ¡ K‡g wM‡q †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ †e‡o‡Q?
K) A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi ¯Íi;
L) RbmsL¨v;
M) †fŠMwjK I †KŠkjMZ Ae¯’vb;
N) mvgwiK mvg_©¨|

msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1| msKxY© A‡_© ciivóª bxwZ ej‡Z Avcwb wK ey‡Sb?
2| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi cÖavb ˆewk󨸇jv wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóª bxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

DËigvjv: 1. M, 2. L, 3. K|

mnvqK MÖš’
1| J. J. Frankel, The Making of Foreign Policy.
2| Emajuddin Ahmed (ed.), Foreign Policy of Bangladesh : A Small States Imperatives.

BDwbU-7 c„ôv-181
 GmGmGBPGj

cvV - 3 †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vjb

Non Alignment Movement

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb 

†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi msÁv I ˆewkó¨ wbiæcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¥ I weKvkaviv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi msÁv I ˆewkó¨

†RvUwbi‡¶Zv
nj Ggb GKwU Ô†RvU wbi‡c¶ZvÕ ej‡Z wK eySvq, Zv wb‡q A‡bK mgq weåvwšÍi m„wó nq| A‡b‡K †RvU
bxwZ hvi gva¨‡g wbi‡c¶Zv‡K Ôwbi‡c¶ZvÕ I Ôwbi‡c¶Zv bxwZev‡`iÕ (Neutralism) mgv_©K aviYviƒ‡c e¨vL¨v
†Kvb ivóª K‡ib| Aa¨vcK evU©‡bi g‡Z, †RvU wbi‡c¶Zv nj Ggb GK bxwZ hvi gva¨‡g †Kvb ivóª
mgvRZvwš¿K ev mgvRZvwš¿K ev abZvwš¿K †Kvb †Rv‡UB †hvM`vb K‡i bv| A_©vr ZrKvjxb †mvwf‡qZ ev gvwK©b
abZvwš¿K †Kvb †Kvb †Rv‡U †hvM`vb bv K‡i Dfq †Rv‡Ui m‡½ eÜzZ¡ eRvq †i‡L wbi‡c¶ Ges ¯^vaxbfv‡e
†Rv‡UB cÖ‡ek bv
K‡i ¯^vaxb I †Kvb AvšÍR©vwZK mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MÖnY KivB n‡”Q †RvU wbi‡c¶Zv| †RvU wbi‡c¶Zv
wbi‡c¶fv‡e ej‡Z K‡Vvi wbi‡c¶Zv eySvq bv eis MwZkxj wbi‡c¶Zv (Dynamic neutrality) eySvq|
wm×všÍ MÖnY AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZ‡Z D™¢zZ wewfbœ mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© †RvU wbi‡c¶ †`k¸‡jvi wbR¯^ gZvgZ
K‡i| _v‡K Ges †Kvb mvgwiK †Rv‡U †hvM bv w`‡q wb‡R‡`i D‡`¨v‡M Hme we‡iva gxgvsmv †Póv
K‡i|
†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi msÁv wbiƒcY Kivi ci Avgiv K‡qKwU mvaviY ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL
Ki‡ev| †hgb-
1. †Kvb mvgwiK †RvUfy³ †`k †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
2. mvgwiK †RvUfy³ bq Ggb †h †Kvb †`k †¯^”Qvq †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi m`m¨ n‡Z
cv‡i Ges †h †Kvb mgq †RvU Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. †RvU wbi‡c¶ †`k¸‡jv Avš—R©vwZK we‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î †Kvb c¶‡K mg_©b w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
4. mvgªvR¨ev`, Dcwb‡ekev`, eY©ev` BZ¨vw`i weiæ‡× msMÖvg Pvjv‡bv †RvU wbi‡c¶
Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg w`K|
5. †RvU wbi‡c¶ †`k¸‡jv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯’vb, wbivcËv I cvi¯úwiK gh©v`vq
wek¦vmx|
†RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¥ I weKvk aviv
GLb Avgiv †Kvb †cÖ¶vc‡U †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¥ n‡qwQj Ges wKfv‡e G Av‡›`vjb
‡RvU wbi‡c¶
Av‡›`vj‡bi hvÎv weKwkZ nj Zv Av‡jvPbv Kie| Avgiv Rvwb, mg‡qi GK KwVb †cÖ¶vc‡U Rb¥ n‡qwQj †RvU
ïiæ nq 1955 wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv Ges jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi
mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbgy³ bZzb †`k¸‡jv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ¯^vaxb wm×všÍ MÖnY Ges †hŠ_ AvZœi¶vi
B‡›`v‡bwkqvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡i Zxeªfv‡e| G †cÖw¶‡Z Z…Zxq we‡k¦i kw³nxb, kvwšÍwcÖq I DbœqbKvgx
ev›`ys-G AbywôZ †`k¸‡jv‡K GKwU †Rv‡U G‡b civkw³i cÖfve †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib
GK m‡¤§j‡bi wgm‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U bv‡mi, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi myKb©, hy‡Mvúvwfqvi gvk©vj wU‡Uv Ges fvi‡Zi †b‡niæ|
gva¨‡g|
1955 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m B‡›`v‡bwkqvi ev›`ys-G AbywôZ GK m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g †RvU wbi‡c¶
Av‡›`vj‡bi hvÎv ïiæ nq| wb‡R©vU Av†›`vj‡bi cÖ_g ˆeVK e‡m 1961 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i|
mv‡eK hy‡Mvk- vwfqvi ivRavbx †ej‡MÖ‡W AbywôZ G m‡¤§j‡b 25wU †`k AskMÖnY K‡i|

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-182

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡jvP¨m~Pxi g‡a¨ wQj: (1) AvšÍR©vwZK cwiw¯’wZi Dci gZwewbgq (2) AvšÍR©vwZK
kvwšÍ I wbivcËv †Rvi`vi (3) Dcwb‡ekev‡`i weiæ‡× msMÖvg (4) ivóªmg~‡ni Af¨šÍixY wel‡q
n¯Í‡¶c bv Kiv (5) eY©‰elg¨ I RvwZ‡f` D‡”Q` (6) m¤ú~Y© wbi¯¿xKiY I cvigvYweK cix¶v
wbwl×KiY, (7) RvwZms‡Ni cÖ¯Ívemg~n ev¯Íevqb, (8) Amg A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb mgm¨v mgvavb
Ges AvšÍR©vwZK A_©‰bwZK I KvwiMix mn‡hvwMZv e„w×| wØZxq kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq
wgm‡ii Kvq‡iv‡Z 1964 mv‡j| Z…Zxq wb‡R©vU m‡¤§jb 1970 mv‡j 8 †m‡Þ¤^i n‡Z 10
†m‡Þ¤^i Rvw¤^qvi ivRavbx jymvKvq AbywôZ nq| PZz_© m‡¤§jb Avj‡Rwiqvi ivRavbx
AvjwRqv‡m© mgvß nq 1973 mv‡j| cÂg †RvU wbi‡c¶ m‡¤§jb 1976 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ n‡Z
19 AvM÷ kªxjsKvi ivRavbx Kj‡¤^v‡Z †kl nq| 1979 mv‡j wKDevi nvfvbvq wb‡R©vU
†`kmg~‡ni 6ô ˆeVK AbywôZ nq| 7g †RvU wbi‡c¶ m‡¤§jb 1986 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ivRavbx
bqvw`jøx‡Z AbywôZ nq| 1987 mv‡ji 31 AvM÷ n‡Z 6 †m‡Þ¤^i ch©šÍ wR¤^vey‡qi ivRavbx
nviv‡i‡Z AbywôZ nq 8g wb‡R©vU kxl© m‡¤§jb| beg kxl© m‡¤§jb hy‡Mvk- wfqvi ivRavbx
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K) 1953;
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DËigvjv: 1. M, 2. K, 3. N|

mnvqK MÖš’
1| Burton, International Relations.
2| Shamsul Haq(ed.) Bangladesh in International Politics : The Dilemmas of the Weak
States.

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1| †Kvb& mv‡j mv‡K©i cÖ_g kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡qwQj?
K) 1984;
L) 1985;
M) 1986;
N) 1987|
2| KZZg kxl© m‡¤§j‡b ÔmvcUvÕ Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq?
K) cÂg;
L) lô;
M) Aóg;
N) mßg|
3| †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingvb †Kvb mv‡j `w¶Y Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jvi Kv‡Q AvÂwjK mn‡hvwMZvi
cÖ¯—ve †ck K‡ib?
K) 1979;
L) 1980;
M) 1981;
N) 1982|
4. †Kvb †Kvb mvK©fy³ †`‡ki mv‡_ fvi‡Zi wØcvw¶K weev` i‡q‡Q?
K) evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½;
L) cvwK¯Ív‡bi m‡½;
M) †bcvj I fzUvb gvjØx‡ci m‡½;
N) cÖwZ‡ekx me¸‡jv †`‡ki m‡½|
msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ
1| wK wK D‡Ï‡k¨ mvK© MVb Kiv n‡qwQj?
2| †Kvb& D‡Ï‡k¨ ÔmvcUvÕ Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq?
3| ÔmvdUvÕ wK? KLb †_‡K Kvh©Ki n‡e?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| mv‡K©i Rb¥ I Gi weKvkaviv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
2| mv‡K©i mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
DËigvjvt 1. L, 2. M, 3. L, 4. N|
mnvqK MÖš’
1| Muni and Anuradha, Regional Cooperation in South Asia.
2| AvwZDi ingvb, mvK© : ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ

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cvV - 5 I. AvB. wm.

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D‡Ïk¨
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I.AvB. wmÕ.i mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zvi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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I.AvB.wm. MV‡bi D‡Ïk¨

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mvs¯‹…wZK I AwMœms‡hv‡Mi NUbvq wek¦e¨vcx gymjgvbiv we†¶vf, N„Yv Ges wb›`vq †d‡U co‡j gymwjg
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Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨
GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ivRavbx ivev‡Z GKwU kxl© m‡¤§j‡b wgwjZ n‡q GKwU Kvh©Ki c`‡¶‡ci ØvicÖv‡šÍ DcbxZ nb
msMV‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Ges djkÖywZ‡Z 1970 mv‡j MwVZ nq I.AvB.wm (Organization of Islamic Conference)|
MwVZ nq Bmjvgx I. AvB.wm. cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K G ch©šÍ GKwU we‡kl m‡¤§jbmn †gvU 9wU kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ
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I.AvB.wm|
Kie|

I. AvB.wm.Õi kxl© m‡¤§jb mg‚n

m‡¤§jb ZvwiL mvj ¯’vb †`k
1g 22-25 †k 1969 ivevZ gi‡°v
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Rvbyqvix
4_© 15 - 18 B 1984 K¨vmvevsKv gi‡°v
Rvbyqvix
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Rvbyqvix
6ô 9-10 B wW‡m¤^i 1991 WvKvi †m‡bMvj
7g 13-14 B wW‡m¤^i 1994 ivevZ gi‡°v
8g 9-11 B wW‡m¤^i 1997 †Znivb Bivb

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-190

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I.AvB.wm.Õi Kg©-cÖwµqv, j¶¨ I bxwZgvjv

gyjZ: PviwU cÖavb Kg©-cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’vi KvR cwiPvwjZ nq-
1) gymwjg ivóªcÖavb‡`i m‡¤§jb;
2) gymwjg ciivóª gwš¿‡`i m‡¤§jb;
3) Bmjvgx †m‡µUvix‡qU Ges Zvi cvk¦© msMVb;
4) AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvgx wePvivjq|

GKwU ch©‡e¶K I 55wU m`m¨ ivóª wb‡q Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’v †h me j¶¨mg~‡n KvR K‡i
_v‡K Zv nj :
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civgk© Kiv|
3. AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I b¨vq cÖwZôvi mg_©‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY|
4. eY©-we‡Øl I ˆelg¨ we‡jvc Kivi cÖ‡Póv Ges me ai‡bi Jcwb‡ewkKZv D‡”Q` Kiv|
5. cweÎ ¯’vbmg~‡ni wbivcËv weavbK‡í wewfbœ cÖ‡Póvi mg¤^q mvab I c¨v‡jóvBbx RbM‡Yi
msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ mg_©b Ges Zv‡`i AwaKvi cybiæ×vi I Zv‡`i gy³ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb
Kiv|
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†Rvi`vi Kiv|
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mg‡SvZv ˆZwi Kiv|

GB me j¶¨mg~n AR©‡bi Rb¨ m`m¨ ivóªmg~n KZ¸‡jv bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| M„nxZ bxwZmg~n nj-
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4. †h †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q Av‡jvPbv, ga¨¯’Zv, Av‡cvl idv A_ev mvwjwki
gva¨‡g gxgvsmv Kivi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv|
5. †Kvb m`m¨ iv‡óªi cÖwZ kw³ cÖ‡qvM †_‡K weiZ _vKv|
I.AvB.wm.Õi mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv
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BDwbU-7 c„ôv-191
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AvdMvb hy‡×i Aemvb n‡jI Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’v G e¨vcv‡i Kvh©Ki †Kvb f‚wgKv ivL‡Z
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eo e¨_©Zv|
I.AvB.wm.-‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb
1974 mv‡ji †deªæqvix n‡Z MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’vi wewfbœ
cwiKíbvwfwËK mvsMVwbK Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ RwoZ| evsjv‡`k g~j ms¯’vi m`m¨ QvovI ms¯’vi
Ab¨ me KÕwU msMVb I cÖwZôv‡biI m`m¨| evsjv‡`k wZb m`m¨wewkó Avj-Kz`m kxl© KwgwU,
c‡bi m`m¨wewkó Avj-Kz`m KwgwU, bq m`m¨wewkó BivK-Bivb hy‡× ga¨¯’ZvKvix kvwšÍ KwgwU,
†Zi m`m¨wewkó Z_¨ I ms¯‹…wZ welqK óvvwÛs KwgwU, †Zi m`m¨wewkó Bmjvgx A_© Znwe‡ji
¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨| 1983 mv‡ji 6-11B wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvq Bmjvgx
m‡¤§jb ms¯’vi PZz`©k ciivóªgš¿x‡`i m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| G m‡¤§j‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Bmjvgx
m‡¤§jb ms¯’vq evsjv‡`‡ki gh©v`v e„w× cvq Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb †Rvi`vi n‡q D‡V| d‡j
cieZ©x m‡¤§jb¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki e³e¨ AwaK ¸iæZ¡ cvq|

mviK_vt gymwjg we‡k¦i HK¨, msnwZ Ges Awfbœ ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi ZvwM` †_‡KB 1970 mv‡j
IAvBwm cÖwZwôZ nq| G ch©šÍ IAvBwmÕi 9wU kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡q‡Q| g~jZ: PviwU
Kg©cÖwµqvi ga¨w`‡q G ms¯’vi KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| h_v- 1. gymwjg †`kmg~‡ni ivóªcÖavb‡`i
m‡¤§jb, 2. gymwjg †`kmg~‡ni ciivóªgš¿x‡`i m‡¤§jb, 3. Bmjvgx †m‡µUvwi‡qU Ges Zvi
cvk¦© msMVY I 4. AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvgx wePvivjq|

wmwfK GWz‡Kkb-2 c„ôv-192

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ :
mwVK DËiwU wjLyb|
1| KqwU gymwjg †`‡ki ivóª cÖavbMY ivev‡Z wgwjZ n‡q I.AvB.wm. MVb K‡ib ?
K) 18;
L) 24;
M) 42;
N) 12|

2| KqwU cÖavb Kg©-cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g I.AvB.wm.Õi KvR cwiPvwjZ nq?

K) PviwU;
L) cvuPwU;
M) mvZwU;
N) bqwU|

3| †Kvb mv‡j IAvBwm MwVZ nq?

K) 1964;
L) 1967;
M) 1970;
N) 1973|

msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1| Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’vi g~j bxwZmg~n wK?
2| I.AvB.wm.Õi wewfbœ kxl© m‡¤§jb †Kvb& †Kvb& mv‡j Ges †Kvb& †Kvb& †`‡k AbywôZ n‡q‡Q?
3| I.AvB.wm.-†Z evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| I.AvB.wm.Õi mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

DËigvjv: 1. L, 2. K, 3.M|

mnvqK MÖš’:
1. M.Dmer Chapra, Islam and the Economic Challenge, Riyadh : International Islamic
Publishing Hoarse, 1992

BDwbU-7 c„ôv-193