Department of Physics

Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences

Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Program: M.Sc. Physics Semester: V

Subject Basic Electronics Date: …………….

Experiment 1: Introduction to Basic Electronics- Laboratory Equipment

OBJECTIVES:

This exercise examines the laboratory equipment- bread board, resistor, diode, and DMM. This
also covers the introductory theory of the semiconductor devices.

Name: ……………………………………………….

SAP ID: ……………………………………………….

Remarks (if any): ………………………………………………

Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

Theory Overview
Introduction:

The semiconductor diode is formed by doping P-type impurity in one side and N-type of impurity in
another side of the semiconductor crystal forming a p-n junction as shown in the following figure.

At the junction initially free charge carriers from both side recombine forming negatively charged ions
in P side of junction (an atom in P -side accept electron and becomes negatively charged ion) and
positively charged ion on n side(an atom in n-side accepts hole i.e. donates electron and becomes
positively charged ion)region. This region deplete of any type of free charge carrier is called as
depletion region. Further recombination of free carrier on both sides is prevented because of the
depletion voltage generated due to charge carriers kept at distance by depletion (acts as a sort of
insulation) layer as shown dotted in the above figure.

Bread Board
Write down the construction of the bread board and also insert the picture for understanding.

Digital Multimeter
Explain the working principle and use of digital multimeter using a diagram. You can copy the
picture from internet and paste here for understanding purpose.

Finding the value of resistance through color coding

Explain the color coding to find the value of resistance with at least 4 examples.

Conclusion
Write down a 5-7 lines of conclusion about what we learned in the experiment.