5.11. NUMERICAL INTEGRATION [GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE] AND APPLICATION TO PLANE STRESS PROBLEMS ‘The Gauss quadrature is one of the numerical integration methods to calculate the definite integrals. In finite clement analysis, Gauss quadrature method is mostly preferred. In this method, the numerical integration is achieved by the following expression, [roa = Sw, fey 6.72) 1 Get where, w, is weight function J(x,) is values of the function at pre-determined sampling points, Function f(x,) is calculated at several sampling points ie. 7 = 1, 2, 3, ...... and each value of f(x,) is multiplied by weight function w,, Finally all the terms are added, it gives the value of integration. function w,, for different number of points (72) Table 5.1 gives Gauss points for integration from —1 to +1, 1 [ fdr Dw, fo) J my Table 53.1. | Number of Tocation.x, | Corresponding |_points, 1 a | _ weights, i x, = 0.000... | 2.000 | 2 im . 1.000 ayy = Hf 3 7108773 j | 3 i X33 i | | ! x, = 0.000 5 7 0.888888 | 1 — ee 4 4 xy Xq = 10.8611363116 03478548451 L eo aete | JaeXy = £0.3399810436 | 0.6521451549 | = = J! Evaluate the integral { (x4 ~3x +7) de. -! Example ! Given: Integral, T= fot-ae + Tdx <1 => f(x) = x$-3x+7 To find: ¥valuate the integral by using Gaussian quadrature 8 Solution: We know that, the given integrand is a polynomial of order 4. So, for exact integration, 2n-1=4 Qn 2.5 je nin w The calculated number of sampling points should be rounded up to the nearest integer value. So, n = 2.5 = 3, ie., in this problem, we should use three sampling points. For three point Gaussian quadrature, 3 nance x= \f- 0.774596669 m0 OF santo ay = Af 3 = -0.774596669 5 psssss wy = 5 = 0.555555 8 wy = 5 = 0.888888 ¥ = 3 = 0.555555 (Refer Table $.1] We know that, SQ) = xt#-3x4+7Sey) = x}-34,47 = (0.774596669)' — 3 (0.77459669) + 7 F(,) = 5.036209992 => wx fom) = 0.555555 x 5.036209992 [ w, fe) = 2.797891 v1) fle) = x4-35)+7 = O=300)47 fle) = 7 => wy f(t) = 0.888888 x 7 Ln foe 6.222216 | -Q) 2 163) = (G)'~3 (%) +7 = (-0.774596669)* ~ 3 (-0.774596669) +7 J(;) = 9.683790008 = 3 {03) = - 3) Adding equations (1), (2) and (3), Wy (51) + Wy fq) + 5 fos) = 2.797891 + 6.222216 + 5.379877 = 14399984 1 Result: fo -3x+7)dx = 14399984 -1 1 : Verification: f (t-3x+7)dx = [ AD fe] COC} — FE-PE] +70-CI x 5 J L 5 Epy-0+7@ = 1444 Example 5.26 | Evaluate the integral 1= { fe x? +3 xy +4 y?) de dy rot using Gauss integration. Lt Given: Integral, 1 = f f (2x2 +3 xy +42) dx dy “1-1 Ax.y) = [2x2 +3xys4y?] To find: Evaluate the integral by using Gauss integration. © Solution: We know that, the given integral is a polynomial of order 2. So, for exact integration, 2n-1=2 We should use two sampling points. For two point Gaussian quadrature, x, = 0.57735, yy) = 0.57735 x = -057735, — y, = -0.57735 wa w, = 1 {Refer Table 5.1] For two points scheme, the above equation can be written as, a J SFlersrasdy = 92 fay, 9) 01 we Fls,99) + w, M0.) #02 flay 99) oll) -I-1We know that, Ax, y) = Wifey) = w fx») = wy wy fey ¥2) = Wy WSC ¥2) > ww Sly) WSO) = Ww} fey 3 £0.92) = 2x2 +3xy $452) we (2x7 +349, +497) = 1 [2 (0.57735) +3 (0.57735) (0.57735) + 4 (0.57735)] 23 2 2) wyw2 (Dap t3 yyy t4y2) = 1% 1 [2 (0.57735)? + 3 (0.57735) (~ 0.57735) + 4 (- 0.57735))} = 1B) = wow (2x3 +3x)y,+4y?) 1 1 [2 (-0.57735¥ +3 (~ 0.57735) (0.57735) + 4 (0.57735)) 1 we (4) W) 2x} +3.ap yy + 4y2) = 1 [2 (- 0.57735) + 3 (- 0.57735) (- 0.57735) + 4 (0.577357 =3 (3) Substitute the equation (2), (3), (4) and (5) in equation (1), f f@erseytayydedy = 3414143 -8