IUBAT-International University of Business

Agriculture and Technology

Report On
32 Bits Processor

Course Name: Assembly Language

Course Code: CSC 197

Submitted To
Dr. Hasibur Rashid Chayon 
Department of CSE

Submitted By

Group 7

Name ID Program Section Serial

Rashed Kowsar 19103206 BCSE D 37
Salma Fariha Aktar 19103212 BCSE D 38
Mahomuda Akter 19103217 BCSE D 39
Sharmin Akter 19103218 BCSE D 40

Date of Submission: 08-08-2020

 Abstract
This report is about 32-bit processor. Our goal is to know about the 32
bit processors, its history, how does it work by using execution cycle,
uses of it, its advantages and disadvantages and also different types of 32
bit processors . As it has many advantages so that we are still using a 32
bit processor. Basically we can calculate the data very easily in the
operation system with 32 bit processor.

Introduction
In the computer architecture, we mainly use two types of processors, one
is 32-bit processor and another is 64-bit processor. 32 bit processor
means having 232 memory locations to store a data and CPU can access
to read and write very fast. In 80s, Intel first released the 32-bit
processor and it was named 80386. For developing hardware
technology, different types of processors had been introduced in the
market, 32 -bit processor is one of them. It is less expensive but more
progressive for hardware technology.
Contents

1. 32 Bit Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Types of Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3 32 bits processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3.2 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.3.3 Working process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3.4 Examples of 32 bits processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3.5 Uses of 32 bit processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3.6 Advantages of 32 bit processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3.7 Disadvantages of 32 bit processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 Chapter 1
32 Bit Processor
1.1 Processor
A processor or microprocessor is a small chip which resides in the
computers and other electronic devices. The basic job of processor is to
receive input, work on the instructions and provide the appropriate
output. Though this may seem like a simple task but modern processors
can handle trillions of calculations per second.
There are four primary functions of a processor:
Fetch> Decode> Execute > Write back

1.2 Types of Processor

There are many processors such as 8 bit processors, 16 bit processors
etc. The main two types of processors are given below:
i. 32 bits processor
ii. 64 bits processor

1.3 32 bits processor

1.3.1 Definition
A 32 bits processor can access 2 32 memory addresses from a CPU
register which is equal to 4 GB of RAM or physical memory.
It can store 232 different values.

1
 Fig: 32 bit processor

1.3.2 History
In 80s, by using HCMOS (High-density Complementary Metal–Oxide–
Semiconductor) fabrication, Intel first released the 32-bits processor,
named the Intel 80386. It was possible to represent signed numbers in
the range -2×109 to +2×109 with its 32-bit word size. It is quite a large
range for performing the arithmetic calculations.
It can represent much larger numbers if the floating point notation is
used. For having the large range, this processor became very popular as
the CPU in computers for number crunching operations.
At this time, Motorola also came out with 68020 with their 32-bit
processor. Intel launched 80486, which was basically an 80386
processor and 80387 numeric co-processor on a single chip. Motorola
released 68030.
In 90s, Intel released 80586 .The name of this processor was Pentium
Processor. It was extremely faster in performing arithmetic calculations
and executing instructions than the previous processors.
In 2000, the Pentium 4 was released by Intel. It had 42 Million
transistors worked with a clock frequency of 1.5 GHz and was rated for
1500 MIPS (Million instructions per second)..

2
1.3.3 Working Process
As the processors are one of the most important parts of the computer
for completing the tasks, so the 32 bit processor also does the same
.It repeats the Processing Cycle which is done by this way:
Fetch>Decode>Execute> Write back.
It does a million of cycles in per second. As it has 4GB memory, so it
can allocate a lot of addresses.
The processor represent as the controller of all actions or services which
are provided by the system. It can be thought of that the executing the
following cycle forever:
1. Fetch an instruction from the memory which is instructed by the user
2. Decode the instruction (i.e., recognize the instruction)
3. Execute the instruction (i.e., perform the action which is specified by
the instruction).
The process often refers to as the fetch-decode-execute cycle, or simply
the execution cycle also.
Fetching refers an instruction involves placing the address on the
address bus and also activating the memory read signal on the control
bus to read from the specific memory location.
Decoding refers identifying the instruction that has been already fetched
from the memory. For facilitating the decoding process, machine
language instructions follow a particular instruction encoding scheme.
To execute an instruction, the processor contains hardware which
consists of control circuitry and an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).

3
The ALU is mainly perform the arithmetic operations (such as add,
divide) and logical operations (and, or) on data.

1.3.4 Examples of 32 bits processors

There are a lot of 32 bit processors from different brands. Some of them
with 32 Bus widths are given below with their brands, launched year:
Brand Processor Year
80386 1985
80376, 80486, 80486 1989
overdrive,80860
Intel Pentium 1993
Pentium II 1995
Celeron 1998
Pentium III 1999
Pentium 4 2000
68020 1984
68030 1987
Motorola 68040 1991
68060, PowerPC 603 1994
29000 1988
AMD 29050 1990
K5 1996
K6 1997
K6-2, K7 1999
Cyrix 5x86 1995
MIPS R3000 1998
Technologies
Philips 68070 1988
Rise Technology MP6 1998

Cyrix III (C3) 2000

VIA C7-M 2005
C7-D 2006
Western Electric WE 32100 1985

4
1.3.5 Uses of 32 bit processor
The 32-bit processor was the primary processor which was used in all
computers until the early 1990s. Intel Pentium processors and early
AMD processors were 32-bits. It means the operating system and
software work with the data units that are 32 bits wide. 32-bit operating
systems are Windows 95, 98, and XP.

1.3.6 Advantages of 32 bit processor

- The most important advantage I must mention that it is compatible
with all the older devices which are developed in early 2000 and late
1990.
- It supports 4GB which is larger than the previous processors.
- It makes the computer to run faster.
- It takes less time to execute than the previous processors.
- It supports the operating systems.

1.3.7 Disadvantages of 32 bit processor

- The biggest drawback is that nowadays the vendors no longer develop
applications for 32-Bit operating systems as 64 is faster and cheaper than
32 bit processor.
- In present, most of the processors need a 64-Bit operating system.
- It is slower than 64 bits processors.
- Nowadays manufacturers usually do not offer 32-Bit driver versions
for their hardware due to a lack of market demand or their product as 64
bit processors are using now more.

5
 Conclusion
32 bit processor became very popular after inventing it. It
showed the way of the modern processors architectures. PCs
became faster than the previous. It does the multitasking. It had
shown the way of having large amount memory. It contains 4
GB RAM. It has fewer users due to 64 bit processors nowadays.

References
1. Book: Introduction to Assembly Language Programming: For Pentium and RISC Processors
Book by Sivarama P. Dandamudi
2. Slide

3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/history-of-microprocessor

4. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/32-bit-vs-64-bit-operating-systems/#:~:text=Simply
%20put%2C%20a%2064%2Dbit,handle%20more%20data%20at%20once.&text=Here's%20the%20key
%20difference%3A%2032,capable%20of%20utilizing%20much%20more.

5. https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001498.htm

6. http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/CPU.html?
fbclid=IwAR16e82v1BjkgiYD2k0Vyeng8MAuhsKiW4eWojjhWoY6pbTx7DiIzcn-Jhw