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Awareness Technology Stax Fax 4500 SM
Awareness Technology Stax Fax 4500 SM
SERVICE MANUAL
©2009 Awareness Technology Inc. Unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited. Information given
in this manual is restricted for use by authorized personnel and is to be used for the sole purpose of
providing routine instrument maintenance and repair service. No part of this manual may be copied
or redistributed without the express consent of Awareness Technology Inc. There is no transfer of
technology, copyright, trade name, patent, trade secret, or other proprietary right given or implied.
10/2009 Rev. B
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Warning Markings Inscriptions d’Avertissement ................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Safety Symbols Le Symboles de Sûreté ......................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Safety Terms Terminologie de Sûreté............................................................................ 2
1.2 Layout ................................................................................................................................... 3
2. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ............................................................... 6
2.1 Power Requirements ............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Voltage Supply...................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Photometer ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Display and Printer ............................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Temperature Control............................................................................................................. 7
2.6 System Control...................................................................................................................... 7
3. TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................................... 9
3.1 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 Photometer ............................................................................................................................ 9
3.3 Temperature Control........................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Main PCB............................................................................................................................ 10
3.5 Internal Printer .................................................................................................................... 11
3.6 Display and Touch screen................................................................................................... 11
3.7 USB Connections................................................................................................................ 11
3.8 Error Messages.................................................................................................................... 13
4. SERVICE PROCEDURES..................................................................... 14
4.1 Opening the Instrument....................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Lamp Replacement ............................................................................................................. 15
4.3 Filter Replacement .............................................................................................................. 17
4.4 Filter Label.......................................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Printer Jam .......................................................................................................................... 20
4.6 Printer Repairs .................................................................................................................... 20
4.7 Printer Interface PCB Replacement .................................................................................... 20
4.8 Main PCB and/or Photometer Replacement ....................................................................... 20
4.8.1 Photometer Replacement ............................................................................................. 20
4.8.2 Main PCB Replacement............................................................................................... 22
5. CALIBRATION .................................................................................... 23
6. REPLACEMENT PARTS ...................................................................... 24
6.1 Consumable Items and Accessories.................................................................................... 24
6.2 Non-consumable Items ....................................................................................................... 24
7. CONTACT INFORMATION .................................................................. 25
APPENDIX A – BLOCK DIAGRAM AND SCHEMATICS............................ 26
1. INTRODUCTION
This manual describes service and troubleshooting procedures for 4500 Series instruments. This
manual is written with the service technician in mind, and contains no information for clinical
chemistry analysis, or other applications. For details on instrument operation and specifications,
please refer to the operator’s manual specific to the instrument.
Through the LCD touch screen display, the instrument prompts the operator to read the tubes in
the appropriate sequence. It then performs the necessary calculations and prints out test results.
It accepts standard 12mm round tubes, and includes an incubation block with 12 round tube
stations. Both the incubation block and the read well are temperature controlled to 37 deg C.
An internal thermal printer provides a printed record of all samples and test parameters. All
calibration data, test parameters, and other information are stored in battery-backed (non
volatile) RAM. An aspirating flowcell with control module is available as an accessory.
FUSE: For continued protection against risk of fire, replace fuse only with one of the
specified type and current ratings. Disconnect equipment from supply before replacing
fuse.
AVERTISSEMENT! indique qu’un risque de dommages qui n’est pas immédiat alors
Le “de marque: vous lisent cette marque
WARNING”
CAUTION indicates a hazard to property, including the product
L’ATTENTION “Le Ces rapports identifient les conditions ou les pratiques qui
de marque: pourraient avoir comme conséquence les dommages a ce
CAUTION” produit ou a toute autre propriété.
BIOHAZARD BIOHAZARDS are biological agents that can cause disease in
humans. Lab workers handling potentially infectious
materials must use universal precautions to reduce the risk of
exposure to these agents.
An interactive 3.5” LCD touch screen color graphics display is mounted to the printer bracket
inside of the cover. A 20-column thermal printer and the printer PCB mount to a metal printer
bracket, which in turn mounts to the inside of the cover. The display and the printer assembly
both connect to the main PCB stack: LCD – 54 conductor FFC connector; Printer – 29 conductor
FFC connector; Touch Screen – 4 conductor FFC connector.
USB Type A and Type B connections on rear panel to be used for mouse and PCB download
respectively. The USB Type A can also be used to upgrade firmware with a USB thumb drive.
Instrument Exterior:
The photometer assembly connects to the main PCB via a 14-conductor ribbon cable and DIP
plug as well as a 10-conductor rainbow ribbon cable and double row header. The incubation
block connects to the main PCB via a 4-conductor cable and SIP header. The 12VDC cooling
fan is mounted to the chassis base and connects to the main PCB via a 2-conductor cable and
SIP header.
• RAM device is an internal 8mb static RAM memory; internal 512kb EEPROM
memory
A) Power supply
connection
B) USB Type A
connector
C) USB Type B
connector
A B C
A) Incubation
block A B Board to
board
B) Main PCB connection
(reference
Figure 7)
C) Filter Wheel C
Motor
D) Lamp
D E
E) Photometer
Chassis bottom:
Fan Outlet
For units used at 110-120 V inside the US: Use a UL listed cord set consisting of a minimum
18 AWG, Type SPT-1 two conductor cord, maximum 3 meters (10 feet) in length, rated 7 A,
125 V, with a polarized parallel blade type attachment plug.
For 220-240 V used inside the United States, use a UL listed cord as above, except rated
250 V.
For other locations, use the power cord certified for the country of use.
2.3 Photometer
The light from a tungsten-halogen lamp is passed horizontally though the tube or flowcell and
the sample it contains. The sealed box on the opposite side of the read well contains a
rotating filter wheel and photodiode. The filter wheel contains optical bandpass filters at
various wavelengths, and is speed controlled, via drivers U9A and U9B in parallel, to
approximately 4 rps under software control. As each filter passes in front of the photo
detector, an infrared optical switch generates a pulse (FCNT) at U13. C14 charges to the
peak voltage produced by the photo detector and amplifiers U16 and U14B.
The sampled voltage is buffered by U15A and then fed to comparator U15B which compares
the sampled voltage to the output of an exponential capacitor decay circuit built around Q3
and C16. The positive voltage at the comparator output enables a counter in the eZ80.
The photo detector output is proportional to the intensity of the light, whereas the width of the
positive phase of the comparator output is proportional to the absorbance. An oscilloscope
can be used to view the important signals at connector J36 while the instrument is in
operation. See Figure 6, Oscilloscope Waveforms.
Power resistors located on the bottom of the incubation block are switched to 115VAC via an
optotriac which is driven by U9C. A green LED located on the main PCB illuminates when
cell heat is on. For the read well, driver U10 applies 12VDC (raw) across heater resistors
located on the cell heat PCB.
In the following section, each subassembly or component group and possible problems and
solutions are outlined.
3.2 Photometer
The photometer assembly can be examined as several component systems:
• Photometer PCB
The read well assembly serves to hold the tube centered on the cell block, between a fixed
plate and a spring loaded plate. A micro switch mounted to the cell heat PCB operates when
a tube is inserted.
The lamp is tungsten-halogen, rated at 6V 10W. The lamp bracket holds the lamp and lens in
alignment with the rest of the assembly, that is, the filament is centered on the optical path.
The filter wheel turns on a shoulder screw shaft and is driven by the filter wheel motor via a
neoprene belt. The filter wheel itself requires no adjustments.
The rotation of the photometer filter wheel is under micro-processor control. The processor
turns the wheel on and off and maintains it rotating at a constant average speed. If the
processor fails to detect motion of the wheel within 7 seconds of the command to start, the
“Filter Wheel Err” message occurs.
Possible causes:
The belt has come off the wheel.
The motor does not respond to drive circuit.
The drive circuit and or connections are missing or defective.
The wheel detection circuit connections are missing or faulty.
Note: In general the wheel only rotates while the instrument is in a reading mode and the
lamp is on.
The photometer PCB contains a photodiode, a very sensitive opamp circuit (U16) and
phototransistors Q7 and Q8. Because the photodetector and related circuitry is solid-state, it
should require no service. Avoid unnecessary handling of the photometer PCB or removal of
the optical cover.
The lamp is intended to be maintenance free for the life of the instrument, since the lamp is
turned off automatically after 30 minutes of instrument inactivity. Under heavy usage the
lamp remains on for longer periods and so may require replacement. Also, a physical shock
to the instrument could cause filament breakage. The lamp must be replaced if output
becomes low or the lamp fails completely. To check for low or no lamp output, contact your
dealer or technical support for access to filter voltages.
The instrument displays the wavelength, position and detected voltage of each filter. The
voltages should be between 2 and 10 volts. If all of the voltages are below 2.0 volts, the lamp
is the likely suspect. As a final check, measure the voltage at the lamp terminals. If the lamp
voltage is much lower than 4.5 VDC, the regulator circuitry on the main PCB (Q1 and U9)
may be the problem. Otherwise, replace the lamp. Refer to the section “Lamp Replacement”.
If only one or two filters report low detected voltages, degraded filters or a misadjusted lamp
may be the cause. To check for misadjusted lamp, refer to Lamp Replacement section. The
optical interference filters contained in the wheel are of metal-deposition type construction
and are intended to be maintenance free for the life of the instrument. Some older
instruments incorporated emulsion-type filters whose transmittance can be reduced
dramatically if subjected to high humidity over very long periods. Refer to the section “Filter
Replacement”.
Problem: Solution:
Grasp the cover at the left side. Gently lift the cover upward and to the right, until the cabling
is visible. You can rest the cover on its side while you disconnect the cables. Refer to Figure
7, Cover Connections.
To reinstall the cover, reverse the procedure. Position the cover on its side to the right of the
chassis base. Carefully fit the cover to the chassis base. Install the cover screws. Do not
over tighten the cover screws.
To main PCB
Reference
Figure 3,
Chassis layout
• Replacement lamp
Procedure:
1. If using the flowcell accessory, remove the flowcell and place the instrument in tube
mode.
2. Set the power switch to OFF (O). Open the instrument. Locate the photometer and the
lamp at the left side of the photometer. Refer to Figure 8, Lamp Replacement.
3. Loosen but do not remove the lamp terminal screws. Do not loosen or remove any other
screws. Remove the lamp by lifting it upward out of the connector.
4. Use a pair of pliers or tweezers to handle the new lamp. Do not handle with bare skin.
Insert the lamp leads into the connector until they bottom out. The lamp filament must be
centered on the lens and the lamp body must be parallel with the lamp bracket. While
holding the lamp in alignment, tighten the lamp terminal screws. You should be able to
visually confirm the lamp alignment by sighting through the lamp and lens to view the
aperture on the spring plate behind the lens. All three elements should be aligned. With
the newer lamp bracket (Figure 8a), you can adjust the height of the lamp using the
indicated screw to raise or lower the plate height.
5. Set the power switch to ON. Shield your eyes from the lamp beam and observe the
projection of the beam onto the aperture. Refer to Figure 9, Spot Alignment. The spot
should be small and centered on the aperture. The spot should be sufficiently large to just
encircle the aperture. If the spot is not centered, repeat step 4.
6. NOTE: Contact your dealer or technical support to access filter voltage readings. The
instrument displays the detected voltage for each filter position. All voltages should be
between 2.00 volts and 10.00 volts. If all of the voltages report low, repeat Step 5 until
the optimum lamp position is obtained.
1. NOTE: Contact your dealer or technical support for access to filter voltages (needed for
Step 14). Open the instrument. Refer to Figure 3. Locate the photometer. Unplug both
photometer cables from the main PCB. 2. Use a pencil to mark the front and side edges
of the photometer on the chassis so that the photometer can be installed in its original
position.
3. Locate the (3) #6 screws holding the photometer assembly to the chassis. From the bottom
of the instrument, remove these screws and washers while noting the screw lengths and
locations from which they were removed.
4. Refer to Figure 10, Filter Replacement. Remove the four 6-32 screws retaining the
photometer cover. Set the photometer cover aside.
6. Remove the belt from the filter wheel and pulley. Loosen the shaft (shoulder screw). Remove
the shaft and filter wheel. Note the number of nylon washers and the order of installation.
Warning!
WARNING: Retaining rings will pop out from filter wheel when its
spring tension is released during removal. Shield the opening with
hand and wear safety glasses.
7. Refer to Figure 11. Locate the filter to be removed. There are currently two means of filter
retention in field use; silicone glue or a Retaining Ring. Refer to Figure 10 and determine if a
Retaining Ring is used. If a Retaining Ring is used, carefully pry two to three of the retaining
ring teeth away from the filter until the ring is dislodged and remove the ring and filter. If
silicone glue is present, remove the silicone and push the filter out of the wheel using the
eraser end of a pencil or other soft blunt object and the glue should release. Remove any
remaining filter components from that position in the wheel.
8. Locate the neutral density filters, dot screen, and transmittance filters that were included with
the replacement filter and drop them first into the cavity. Install the interference filter with the
mirror side down. Place the replacement retainer over the filter so that the tabs are angled
away from the filter and press in place with a 7/16 diameter wooden dowel or similar object.
9. Install the filter wheel taking care not to pinch washers under the shaft. Reassemble the shaft
and washers as disassembled. Tighten the shaft securely. The filter wheel should spin freely.
10. Install the filter wheel belt. Be sure that the belt is centered on the filter wheel and is not
twisted.
11. Install the photometer PCB taking care to center the board around the shaft.
12. Replace the photometer cover, taking care to position the cable in the slot of the cover. Do
not pinch the cable under the cover. Tighten cover screws only until snug. Do not over
tighten the photometer cover screws! Doing so will bend the photometer cover and create
light leakage.
13. Install the photometer subassembly to the chassis by replacing the (3) #6 self tap screws
through the chassis base in their original locations. Line up photometer with locating
marks made in step 2. Connect the (2) cables removed in step 1.
Each filter position can have several filter elements installed. The four-digit filter wheel
number identifies the filter wheel batch, including filter lot codes, dot screens, neutral density
filters, and assembly date for that particular manufacturing lot of filter wheels. Some earlier
filter label styles may include this individual information. If you require specific information for
a filter wheel number, contact the manufacturer.
CAUTION: Do not apply force to the print head! Do not scratch the
platen or pry with sharp objects!
2. Mark the perimeter of the photometer on the chassis with a pencil so the
replacement photometer can be properly positioned.
3. Unplug the cables and then lift the photometer from the slots on the base of the
chassis and unplug the cables.
A B C
A Gray ribbon
cable with red
stripe,
B Multi-color
ribbon cable
C Yellow wires
2. Refer to Figure 18. Remove the two screws securing the Main PCB. Secure the
replacement PCB in the same fashion as the removed PCB.
3. Reconnect transformer wires. See “Block Diagram” section of this manual for proper
wire connections. Plug in all remaining cables.
Remove
the two
screws
securing
the Main
PCB.
• Chemistry error
• Operator error
• Lamp failure
• Degraded filters
Standards and blanks should be closely checked for accuracy and results should be compared
with a reference instrument. Use of a commercially available photometer check set to verify
photometric accuracy and linearity is strongly recommended. If field recalibration is needed, it
should only be performed with the proper reference materials and instruments.
NOTE: Specify the instrument serial number when ordering so that replacement part
compatibility issues can be addressed.
Dealer:
If you continue to have problems after consulting your dealer, contact the factory.
Mailing Address:
Important: Provide the serial number of the instrument, and a description of the problem with as
much detail as possible, and send or e-mail us the information.