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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotated Bibliography

Corinne H. Flora

Old Dominion University: NURS 412

Dr. Donna Rose

December 19, 2020

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography

Emerson, J. B., Danilack, V. A., Kulkarni, A., Kesselring, C., Brousseau, E. C., & Matteson, K.

A. (2020). Outpatient opioid use After Cesarean delivery. Rhode Island Medical

Journal, 103(6), 68-74. Retrieved November 1, 2020, from

http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.odu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=a10dce6f-

b9ec-41ad-8233-4c8dfe536147%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNjb3BlPXNpdGU

%3d#AN=144914876&db=a9h

This was a prospective observational cohort study of women who delivered via cesarean

section. The authors evaluated how much opioid medication these patients consumed after

discharge and assessed which factors were positively correlated to outpatient opioid

consumption. It was hypothesized that within this cohort, greater opioid use in the final 24 hours

of hospitalization would be associated with higher opioid consumption after hospital discharge.

This study found that fewer than half of the opiates prescribed at the time of discharge had been

consumed by the time of the two-week follow up phone call. Opiate consumption varied widely

from patient to patient and was positively correlated with inpatient opiate use in the 24 hours

prior to discharge as well as a history of any psychiatric comorbidity. The number of opioids

prescribed at discharge was not related to inpatient use, 72% of patients received identical

quantities of opioids.

I would recommend this article to my peers. It is a solid primary source and highlights

how the over prescription of opioids in this population contributes to the National opioid crisis.

It is also a reminder to treat each patient as an individual, a one size fits all approach is an easy

habit to fall into but never equates to the best care for the patient. There is a possible bias within

this study, the data collection and analysis were completed by those physicians doing the
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prescribing within the facility. This may lead to an unconscious urge to skew the data in a more

favorable way. This can practically be applied by bedside nurses who are caring for these

patients at the time of discharge; suggesting to the prescribing provider to decrease opioid

prescriptions if the patient hasn’t required any of these medications within the last 24 hours. In

conclusion I learned about another aspect of the opioid crisis, the importance of advocating for

your patient which sometimes that means suggesting fewer opioids and I was reminded how

important it is to continually self-evaluate whether or not I have fallen into a habit that is not

patient specific.

“I pledge to support the Honor System of Old Dominion University. I will refrain from any form

of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. I am aware that as a

member of the academic community it is responsibility to turn in all suspected violators of the

Honor Code. I will report to a hearing if summoned.”

Name: Corinne H. Flora

Signature: Corinne H. Flora

Date: December 19, 2020