Annexure III : GIS

Methodology for City

Analysis
Access to Healthcare Indicator Tutorial
Access to Hospitals & clinics is assessed by calculating the catchment of resident's facilities within
a 1500m walking distance. This can be measured as-the-crow-flies for quick assessments or can be
calculated along existing transportation routes of the city to reflect a more realistic and accurate picture.
Once a buffer from the hospitals & clinics points is established, one can differentiate or select the number
of residents falling within, (corresponding to), those buffers.

Figure 1: GIS flow diagram to calculate the population having access to facilities

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Steps in Q- GIS to create 1500m Walk sheds

To be able to run the analysis we will need a list of input layers

1. Hospitals & Clinics (Point data in Projected CRS)

2. Road Network (Line data in Projected CRS).

To perform the analysis the road network file must be checked for any
topological errors and rectified accordingly, Now the network is ready for
analysis. To create the walksheds we need to open the “Iso-Area as polygon
(from layer)” from the QNET3 toolbox and load the road network and the layer
with point information on hospitals and clinics and then do the variable
setting as mentioned in the following table. After configuring this setting,
Variable
click run. Setting Description

Size of Iso – Area 1500 This value that will define

(distance or time Value the distance in meters

Default direction Both directions as we are calculating the

service area for walkability,
we can set the direction
parameter to both directions,
if the travel time is calculated
rest all advance parameters
must be filled with respective
fields
Default Speed 5 As avg walking speed is 5
km/h

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 Figure 2: ISO area tool settings

The outcome gives a buffer of 1500m radius from all points, but in a few places,
there might be some buffers/polygons which would have covered more than
1500m distance. To rectify we need to run a similar analysis on the “service
area(from layer)” tool from the network analyst toolbox and load the road
network layer into the first blank and hospitals layer in the blank mentioned
as start points. The outcome gives the 1500 m road network from all hospital
points.

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Variable Setting Description

Path type to calculate Shortest To calculate the distance from the points of given
distance on the network in all directions

Travel cost 1500 This value that will define the distance in meters

Default direction Both directions As we are calculating the service area for walkability,
we can set the direction parameter to both directions, if
the travel time is calculated rest all advance parameters
must be filled with respective fields

Figure 3: Service area analysis settings

Now compare both the results and edit the polygons from the QNET tool as
per the network analyst tool.

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 Calculating population in the 1500m walkshed
Now that we have the 1500m walking accessibility from hospitals & clinics and the population distribution
grid at 250m resolution from the Global Human settlements (GHSL) database , we can estimate the
number of people residing within the 1500m accessing polygons .

To do this we need to choose the “Select by location” from the vector selection toolbox and set the
following settings

Variable Setting Description

Select features from Load population The polygons from this layer will be selected
density 2015 file

Where the features Intersect helps make the selections based on the intersection
(Geometric Predicate) with 1500m walkshed

By comparing to the 1500m walkshed

features from

Figure 4: Selection by location tool settings

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Select the run option. All the polygons intersecting the 1500m walkshed will be selected, deselect the
polygons with less than ¼ overlap with the walkshed by manually eyeballing the layers.Lastly, open the
statistics tab and select the population density layer and the layer in which population data is available
and check the “Selected features only’’ option.

Figure 5 : Statistical tool settings

The result is the population who have access to hospitals and clinics within a walking distance of 1500m.

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