Sport Physiology

Sport Physiology

Φ The human body is amazing

machine
Φ The human being is a genius
system
Φ The human is a perfectly
coordinated thing
A few examples:
 The skeletal system provides the basic
framework through which muscle act
 The cardiovascular system delivers nutrients to
the body’s various cells & removes waste
products
 The cardiovascular & respiratory systems
together provide O2 to the body’s various cells &
removes CO2
A few examples:
 The integumentary system (skin) helps maintain
body temperature by allowing the exchange of
heat between the body & its surroundings
 The urinary system helps maintain fluid &
electrolyte balance & assists in the long-term
regulation of blood pressure
 The nervous & endocrine systems coordinate &
direct all this activity to meet the body’s needs
 Adjustments occur event at the cellular &
molecular levels → the biceps muscle to
contract to lift a 20 kg weight
 Nerve cells → electrical impulses to the
arm → chemical messengers →
contraction
 Physiology → study of
body function
How the organ systems,
tissues, cells, & the
molecules within cells
work & how the
functions are integrated
to regulate the internal
environment
 Sport physiology have
evolved from the
fundamental disciplines
of anatomy &
physiology
Anatomy → the basic
structure of various
body parts & their
interrelationships
 Exercise physiology →
how the body’s
structures & functions
are altered when we are
exposed to acute & or
chronic bout of
exercises, a challenge
to homeostasis
 Physiology Exercise

• How to increase aerobic capasity

• How to accelerate recovery
• How to increase agility
• How to increase speed
• How to increase muscle power and etc
 Health and Motor-Skill Components

Health related Motor-skill

• Cardio-respiratory •Muscular power
endurance •Agility
• Muscular strength •Coordination
• Local muscular •Balance
endurance •Reaction time
• Anaerobic power and
speed
• Flexibility
• Body composition
 Fitness Components and Energy Systems
• Anaerobic energy
Sports which rely on rapid and
explosive movements obtain
their anaerobically.
1. Anaerobic power and speed
2. Local muscular endurance
3. Muscular strength
4. Muscular power
5. Agility
6. Balance
7. Reaction time
• Aerobic energy
• Prolonged and sub maximal
activities longer than 60
seconds rely on aerobic
energy production
• Uses stored carbohydrates
and fat
• The maximum amount of
oxygen that the body can use
during aerobic activities is
called VO2max
Aerobic sports require cardio
respiratory endurance
 Sport physiology →
applies the concepts
of exercise
physiology to
training the athlete &
enhancing the
athlete’s sport
performance.
An example:
 To examine the relation between exercise
& sport physiology: a considerable
research in exercise physiology “how our
bodies derive energy from the food we eat
to support muscle actions to initiate &
sustain movement”
The body has limited carbohydrate energy
stores, sport physiology uses this information
about energy to find ways to:

 Increase the body’s carbohydrate storage

capacity
 Decrease the rate at which the body use
carbohydrate during physical performance
 Improve the athlete’s diet both before & during
competition to minimize the risk of depleting
carbohydrate stores (sport nutrition)
 Recommendations from the American College of Sport Medicine, the
American Dietetic Association, and nutritionists from Canada regarding
guidelines for adequate fluid intake before, during, and after exercise.

* Athletes must drink to balance lost body fluids

* 2 hours before training athletes should consume 400-600 ml of fluids for
hydration process
* During training, athletes should consume 150-350 ml of fluid every 15-20
minutes starting at the start of training
* Athletes must consume adequate fluids to make up for the sweat lost
during training. The fluid content should be approximately 450-675
ml per pound (0.5 kg) of body weight lost during exercise
* Sports drinks that contain KH concentrations of 4% -8% and Na+ 0,5-0,7
g/L, are recommended to be given during intensive training for
more than 1 hour
* Drinks or foods high in Na+ during the recovery period can help with the
rehydration process