Awareness Technology Stax Fax 1900series

Vhv.J 87
2700Thrgh
Mbkuba jh shrvgdgn
Zbfab jh dnkthkgjn
Gktrnjuddgôk ..........................................
.......................................... 2 Pghzbs jh rhpuhstn ........................... :0
Jgshòn ................................................. .. 6 FandcJgbirbm .................................... :2
Prgkdgpgns jh eukdgnkbmghktn ... 5 PDFAbynuts ..................
.................................
............... :6
Entômhtrn ............................................. 5 MbgkPDF — ernmrhv_ .......................... :6
Pbktbaab, thdabjn h gmprhsnrb ................... 5 MbgkPDF — ernmrhv A tn rhvW .............. :4
Dnktrna jh thmphrbturb ................................ 5 MbgkPDF — tlrnuilrhvC ...................... ::
Dnktrna jha sgsthmb ....................................... 9 GmprhsnrbPDF (400-600H)
(400-600H) ........................ :8
Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs .................................... 7 GmprhsnrbPDF (400-600) .......................... :5
Euhkth jh bagmhktbdgôk ......................................... 7 GkdufbtgnkFandcPDF ........................... :9
Entômhtrn ............................................. 7 Hsquhmbs .......................................... :<
Dnktrna jh thmphrbturb ... 22 PDF prgkdgpba (jh rhv _) 2 jh : ................ :<
PDF prgkdgpba ............................................ 22 PDF prgkdgpba (jh rhv _) 6 jh : ................ :7
Gmprhsnrb gkthrkb ... 22 PDF prgkdgpba (jh rhv _) 4 jh : ................ 80
Pbktbaab ................................................ 22 PDF prgkdgpba (jh rhv _) : jh : ................ 82
Zhdabjn ...........
.......................
.......................
.......................
..............
.. 22 PDF prgkdgpba (rhv A b rhv W) 2 jh : ... 86
ThrgbaPnrt ............................................
............................................ 22 PDF prgkdgpba (rhv A b rhv W) 6 jh : ........... 84
Mhksbohs jh hrrnr ..................................... 24 PDF prgkdgpba (rhv A b rhv W) 4 jh : ........... 8:
Prndhjgmghktns jh shrvgdgn .............................. 2: Entômhtrn PDF (jhsjh rhvA) ................ 88
Bphrturb jha gkstrumhktn ..................... 2: GmprhsnrbPDF (400-600H)
(400-600H) ........................ 85
Vhhmpabzn jh aâmpbrb ............................... 25 Gkthrebz jh gmprhsnrb PDF (400-600) ... 89
Vhhmpabzn jh egatrn ................................ 2< Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk PDF ..........
....................
.................
....... 8<
EgathrAbfha .......................................... 60
Btbsdns jh gmprhsnrb ......................................... 62
Vhpbrbdgnkhs jh gmprhsnrb ... 66
Tustgtudgôk jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk ... 66
Tustgtudgôk jh ab pabdb jh ab gmprhsnrb ... 6:
GmprhsnrbGkthrebzPDFVhmpabzn ... 68
MbgkPDFbkj / n
Vhhmpabzn jha entômhtrn ... 65
Dbagfrbdgôk ......................................... 40
¾Dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh n lbrjwbrh> ........ 40
Dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh ............................. 46
VhstnrhDbagfrbtgnkJbtb ................. 44
VhstnrhDbagfrbtgnkJbtb
VhshtDbagfrbtgnkJbtb
VhshtDbagfrbtgnk Jbtb ...............
....................
..... 4:
Tnetwbrh Dbagfrbtgnk — Zhmphrbturh. 48
Tnetwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Bfsnrfbkdgb ... 45
Dbagfrbdgôk jh lbrjwbrh ........................... 49
Lbrjwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Zhmphrbturb 49
Lbrjwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Bfsnrfbkdgb. 47
© 277:-2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy,
277:-2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy, Gkd. Th prnlífh ab jupagdbdgôk kn butnrgzbjb. Ab gkenrmbdgôk prnpnrdgnkbjb hk hsth mbkuba hstâ rhstrgkigjb pbrb su usn pnr
phrsnkbs butnrgzbjbs y 2 sh jhfh utgagzbr pbrb ha ÿkgdn prnpôsgtn jh prnpnrdgnkbr uk shrvgdgn jh mbkthkgmghktn y rhpbrbdgôk jh gkstrumhktns jh rutgkb. 7 uk 0
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Vhv.J 2
Gktrnjuddgôk
Hsth mbkuba jhsdrgfh ans prndhjgmghktns jh shrvgdgn y snaudgôk jh prnfahmbs pbrb ans gkstrumhktns jh ab
shrgh 2700. Hsth mbkuba sh rhjbdtô phksbkjn hk ha tçdkgdn jh shrvgdgn y kn dnktghkh gkenrmbdgôk pbrb ha
bkâagsgs químgdn daíkgdn u ntrbs bpagdbdgnkhs.
Ha gkstrumhktn jh ab shrgh 2700 hs uk sgsthmb jh entômhtrn fgdrnmâtgdn dnktrnabjn pnr mgdrnprndhsbjnr jh usn ihkhrba.
Gktlhstbkjbrjdnkegiurbtgnk, tlhgkstrumhkt gshqugpphjwgtlsgxnptgdba egathrsbkj49 ° D gkdufbdgôk,
bddhptsstbkjbrj26mmrnukjtufhs, bkjgkdaujhsbkgkdufbtgnkfandcwgtl26rnukjtufh
stbtgnks.Fntltlhgkdufbtgnkfandcbkjtlhrhbjwhaabrhthmphrbturhdnktrnaahjtn49 ° D.Bkgkthrkba
tlhrmbaprgkthrprnvgjhsbprgkthjrhdnrjnebaasbmpahsbkjthstpbrbmhthrs.Baadbagfrbtgnkjbtb, pbrâmhtrns jh pruhfb, bkjntlhr
gkenrmbtgnkgsstnrhjgkfbtthry rhspbajbjns (kn vnaâtga) VBM.Bkbspgrbtgki
eanwdhaawgtldnktrnamnjuahgsbvbgabfahbsbkbddhssnry.
BJUHVZHKDGB
Abs aíkhbs jh vnatboh phagirnsbs hstâk prhshkths hk ha pbkha pnsthrgnr

y jhfbon jha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk.
Xk dbfah jh bagmhktbdgôk bkths jh bfrgr ha gkstrumhktn.
2700ThrghsThrvgdhMbkuba
277:-2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy, Gkd. Ab jupagdbdgôk kn butnrgzbjb hstâ hstrgdtbmhkth prnlgfgjb. Ab gkenrmbdgôk prnpnrdgnkbjb hk hsth mbkuba hstâ rhstrgkigjb pbrb su usn pnr phrsnkbs butnrgzbjbs
y puhjh usbrsh dnk ha ÿkgdn prnpôsgtn jh prnpnrdgnkbr shrvgdgns jh mbkthkgmghktn y rhpbrbdgôk jh rutgkb jha gkstrumhktn.

6 Vhv.J
Jgshòn
Ab Egiurb 2 muhstrb ha hxthrgnr jha gkstrumhktn, ab Egiurb 6 muhstrb ha pbkha jh ab hstrudturb, ab Egiurb 4 muhstrb ab jgstrgfudgôk gkthrkb jha
dlbsgs y ab Egiurb : muhstrb ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn.
Ab dbrdbsb jha gkstrumhktn hstâ dnmpuhstb pnr uk dlbsgs (fbsh y pbkha trbshrn dnmfgkbjns) y ukb dufghrtb jh paâstgdn enrmbjb. Ab dufghrtb hstâ
bshiurbjb b ab fbsh pnr dgkdn tnrkgaans butnrrnsdbkths
butnrrnsdbkths # :.
B25-dlbrbdthrbaplbkumhrgdAHJjgspabygsmnukthjtntlhprgkthrfrbdcht gksgjhne tlhdnvhr.B

60-dnaumktlhrmbaprgkthrbkjtlhprgkthrPDFmnukttnbmhtbaprgkthrfrbdcht, wlgdlgkturkmnukts
tntlhgksgjhnetlhdnvhr.ZlhjgspabybkjtlhprgkthrbsshmfayfntldnkkhdttntlhmbgkPDFvgb2:- dnkjudtnr
rgffnkdbfahthrmgkbthjwgtlJGP (juba gk-agkhpgk) pauis.Zlhchypbjgsbmhmfrbkh-
swgtdltyphshbahjfhkhbtlbirbplgdnvhrabybkjdnkkhdtstntlhmbgkPDFfytlh<-dnkjudtnr hxthksgnknetlhswgtdlabyhr,
rhehrrhjtnbstlh "chytbga" .Zlhshrgbapnrtdnkkhdtnr (JF-7) gsmnukthj
tntlhrhbrpbkhabkjdnkkhdtstntlhmbgkPDFwgtlb:-dnkjudtnrdbfahbkjTGP (sgkiahgk -agkhpgk) hkdbfhzbjn.
Ha mnktboh jha entômhtrn sh dnkhdtb ba PDF prgkdgpba b trbvçs jh uk dbfah jh dgktb jh 2: dnkjudtnrhs y uk hkdlueh JGP, bsí dnmn b uk dbfah jh
dgktb jh brdn grgs jh 20 dnkjudtnrhs y uk dbfhzba jh jnfah egab. Ha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk sh dnkhdtb ba PDF prgkdgpba b trbvçs jh uk dbfah jh :
dnkjudtnrhs y ba dbfhzba TGP. Ha vhktgabjnr jh hkergbmghktn jh 26 UDD hstâ mnktbjn hk ab fbsh jha dlbsgs y sh dnkhdtb ba PDF prgkdgpba b trbvçs
jh uk dbfah jh 6 dnkjudtnrhs y uk dbfhzba TGP.
Znjns ans dnmpnkhkths prgkdgpbahs

prgkdgpbahs jh DB hstâk mnktbjns hk ha dlbsgs. Zrhs dbfahs jh 2< BYI bagmhktbk 228 UDB dnk tghrrb ba fanquh jh
gkdufbdgôk hk ab PDF. Zhkib hk duhktb quh ha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk hk sí mgsmn hstâ ukgjn jgrhdtbmhkth b hsth dbfah jh tghrrb.
Ha HPVNM hstâ ufgdbjn mhonr quh sh bjouktb b ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn pbrb ebdgagtbr abs bdtubagzbdgnkhs jh snetwbrh. Ans prgmhrns
mnjhans quh kn gkdnrpnrbk ha môjuan HPVNM rhqughrhk ab hagmgkbdgôk jh ab tbpb pbrb ab bdtubagzbdgôk jha snetwbrh.
PVHDBXDGÔK
Ha PDF jh dbanr jha fanquh jhfbon jha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk hstâ dnkhdtbjn
ba sumgkgstrn prgkdgpba. Jhsdnkhdth ha dbfah jh bagmhktbdgôk bkths jh rhbagzbr ha shrvgdgn.
y puhjh usbrsh dnk ha ÿkgdn prnpôsgtn jh prnpnrdgnkbr shrvgdgns jh mbkthkgmghk
mbkthkgmghktn
tn y rhpbrbdgôk jh rutgkb jha gkstrumhktn.

Vhv.J 4
Tu gkstrumhktn pbrtgduabr jh ab shrgh 2700 puhjh jgehrgr jh ab dnkegiurbdgôk jhsdrgtb hk hsth mbkuba. Jhsdrgfgr dbjb mnjhan jh gkstrumhktn hk
jhtbaah shríb gmpnsgfah jhfgjn b abs agmgtbdgnkhs jha hspbdgn. Abs dbrbdthrístgdbs nmgtgjbs puhjhk giknrbrsh. Abs jgehrhkdgbs quh behdtbk ab
dbagfrbdgôk n ha prndhjgmghktn jh shrvgdgn
shrv gdgn sh bkntbk jnkjh dnrrhspnkjb.
2700shrghsvbrgbdgnkhs?
• Vuhjb jh egatrn jh : pnsgdgnkhs
• Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk nmgtgjn

• Entômhtrn pnzn jh ahdturb sgk dnktrna jh thmphrbturb
• Fanquhbr y bdhptbr entnmhtríb 24 mm, 28 mm u ntrns tufns n dufhtbs
• Gmprhsn tçrmgdn
• Gmprhsnrbmnktbjn hk ha jnmgkgnPDF
• Dbfah jh bagmhktbdgôk kn hxtrbífah gkstbabjn
• Thrgbapnrtnmgtthj
• HPVNMlbtdlnmgtthjbkjHPVNMmnktbjn b ans dnmpnkhkths jha abjn jh ab PDF prgkdgpba
• Dbagfrbdgôk puktns jh rhdnrth bddhsgfahs jhsjh ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn
• Dbagfrbdgôk kn rhbagzbjb hk snetwbrh (sgk "dbagfrbdgôk jha thdabjn")
• Ha jgspnsgtgvn HPVNM puhjh shr ukn jh?

695: < Cfyths
6926< 25 Cfyths
69685 46 Cfyths
69826 5: Cfyths
• Ha jgspnsgtgvn VBM puhjh shr ukn jh?

5225 6 Cfyths vnaâtga
:<Z06 6 Cfyths kn vnaâtga
JT26:4 < Cfyths kn vnaâtga
:<Z0< < Cfyths kn vnaâtga
Th puhjh usbr uk jgspnsgtgvn TVBM vnaâtga / hstâtgdn bjgdgnkba 565: (<C fyths vnaâtgahs) ouktn dnk uk jgspnsgtgvn
:<Z0<VBM hk baiukns gkstrumhktns.
• Vhvgsgnkhs jh PDF? dnmpnkhkths gkstbabjns, ufgdbdgnkhs y puhkths. Dnksuath ha jgshòn jh PDF bjhdubjn hk ab shddgôk
"Jgshòns jh PDF" jh hsth mbkuba.

: Vhv.J
Vnaan jh pbpha
dufrgr
Gôk jh gkdufbdgôk
fanquhbr
Ahh fghk
Gmprhsnrb
Mnkgtnr
Zhdabjn
Egiurb 2. GkstrumhktnHxthrgnr
PVHDBXDGÔK
BPBIBJN
HK
PNJHV
Puhrtn shrgba bagmhktbdgôk jh DB Pnjhr

hktrbjb dbmfgbr
Egiurb 6.Pbkha trbshrn
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 8
Uhktgabjnr
Pnjhr
trbksenrmbjnr
Dubjrn jh audhs n eusgfahs
MbgkPDF
Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk
O<
Mntnr jh ruhjb jh egatrn (puktns jh pruhfb)
HPVNM
(jhfbon jha PDF prgkdgpba)
Aâmpbrb
Entômhtrn
Egiurb 4.Jgspnsgdgôk jha dlbsgs
Gkthrruptnr jh shahddgôk jh vnatboh

Ebknutaht
Dufrgr Dufrgr
tnrkgaan tnrkgaan
Dbagfrbtgnktrgm- Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk

pntlbtdl hmpuaiuhrbs
Dufrgr Dufrgr
tnrkgaan tnrkgaan
Entômhtrns tnrkgaans
HPVNMlbtdl
Dufrgr
Erhkth jha gkstrumhktn tnrkgaan
Egiurb :. Dlbsgs gkehrgnr

5 Vhv.J
Prgkdgpgns jh Nphrbdgôk
Entômhtrn
Ab auz jh ab aâmpbrb jh lbaôihkn btukisthkn pbsb lnrgznktbamhkth, bukquh ha tufn n ha eauon jh dhajbs y ab
muhstrb quh dnktghkh. Ab dbob shaabjb hk ha abjn npuhstn jh baaí tbmfgçk dnktghkh ukb ruhjb jh egatrn igrbtnrgb
y uk entnjgnjn. Dubkjn dbjb egatrn pbsb pnr jhabkth jha entnjhthdtnr, uk gkthrruptnr ôptgdn gkerbrrnon ihkhrb uk
gmpuasn (EDKZ) hk ha X24.D2: dbrib ha vnatboh mâxgmn prnjudgjn pnr ha entnjhthdtnr y ans bmpagegdbjn
bmpagegdbjnrhs
rhs X25
y X2:F. Ha vnatboh muhstrhbjn sh bambdhkb hk X28B y auhin sh bagmhktb ba dnmpbrbjnr X28F quh dnmpbrb
ha vnatboh muhstrhbjn pbrb nfthkhr ab sbagjb jh uk dgrdugtn jh jhdbgmghktn jha dnkjhksbjnr hxpnkhkdgba
dnkstrugjn barhjhjnr jh R4 y D25.
Pbktbaab, thdabjn h gmprhsnrb

B25dlbrbdthrbaplbkumhrgdAHJjgspabygsmnukthjtntlhprgkthrfrbdcht
B25dlbrbdthrbaplbkumhrgdAHJjgspabygsmnukthjtntlh prgkthrfrbdcht gksgjhtlhdnvhr.Zlh
jgspabydnkkhdtstntlh_<0jbtbbkjbjjrhssf
jgspabydnkkhdtstntlh_<0jbtbbkjbjjrhssfushsnktlhmbgkPDFvgbb2:
ushsnktlhmbgkPDFvgbb2:-pgkJGPdbfah,
-pgkJGPdbfah, quh basnsuppaghs +
8UJDpnwhr.B:x:mhmfrbkhswgtdlchypbj
8UJDpnwhr.B:x:mhmfrbkh swgtdlchypbj gsshbahjfhlgkj ha pbkha ernktba nvhraby.Zlhtbgane tlhchypbjswgtdlabyhr
gsehjtlrnuiltlhdnvhrbkjgkstbaahjtndnkkhdtnrC2
gsehjtlrnuiltlhdnvhrbkjgkstbaahjtndnkkhdtnrC2 nktlhmbgkPDF,
wlgdltlhkdnkkhdtstn<688PPGX8.Zlhprgkthrbsshmfaywlgdl
wlgdltlhkdnkkhdtstn< 688PPGX8.Zlhprgkthrbsshmfaywlgdldnksgstsneb60-
dnksgstsneb60- dnaumktlhrmbaprgkthr, prgkthrPDF,
bkjmhtbasuppnrt gsmnukthjtntlhdnvhrbkjgsdnkkhdthjtn
gsmnukthjtntlhdnvhrbkjgsdnkkhdthjtn tlhmbgkPDFvgbb2:-pgkJGPdbfah, wlgdlprnvgjhs +
8UJDpnwhrbkjtlhdnktrna agkhsernm<688 PPG (PrnirbmmbfahPhrgplhrbaGkthreb
(P rnirbmmbfahPhrgplhrbaGkthrebdh)
dh)
X8.Nkhbraymnjhastlhprgkthrbsshmfaygsmnukthjtntlh
X8.Nkhbraymnjhastlhprgkthrbs shmfaygsmnukthjtntlh mbgkPDFwgtlstbkjnees.
Dnktrna jh thmphrbturb
Zlhgkdufbtgnkfandcbkjrhbjwhaabrhmbgktbgkhjbt49½D.Zlhrmgstnrs ( 20c @ 68 ½D) mnukthjgk
tlhgkdufbtgnkfandcbkjgktlhrhbjwhaamhbsurhtlhthmphrbturh.Zlhshtlhrmgstnrsbrhmuatgpahxhj
btb0.8shdnkjrbthgktntlhehhjfbdcpbtlnensdgaabtnrX2:B.Zlhwbvhenrmbtpgk2gsbsbwtnntl
nebpprnxgmbthay2.6Uppb
nebpprnxgmb thay2.6Uppbmpagtujhdhk
mpagtujhdhkthrhjbt
thrhjbt + 6.8U.Tdlmgtttrgiih
6.8U.TdlmgtttrgiihrsX22dnkv
rsX22dnkvhrttlgstnbsqu
hrttlgstnbsqubrh
brh wbvhenrdurrh
wbvhenrdurrhkt
kt
rhvhrsbabkjtnjrgvhtlhDAC6gkputneX:.Zlhmgdrnprndhssnrlhbtstlhsysthm tnmbgktbgktlherhquhkdyne
tlgssgikbabt6.0<cLz,
tlgssgikbabt6.0<cLz, tlh49½Dsh
tlh49½Dshtpngkt.
tpngkt.
Abs rhsgsthkdgbs jh pnthkdgb ufgdbjbs hk ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk hstâk dnkmutbjbs b 228 UDB b
trbvçs jh uk nptntrgbd quh hstâ gmpuasbjn pnr X7D. Xk AHJ rnon ufgdbjn hk ha fanquh jh dbanr PD sh gaumgkb
dubkjn ha dbanr jha fanquh hstâ hkdhkjgjn y ha AHJ rnon ufgdbjn hk ha PD prgkdgpba sh gaumgkb dubkjn tnjn ha dbanr
hstâ hkdhkjgjn.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 9
Dnktrna jh sgsthmb
Zlhgkstrumhkt gsfbshjnktlh<fgt6MLz_<0mgdrnprndhssn
gsfbshjnktlh<fgt6MLz_<0mgdrnprndhssnrr (X2) .Zlhsnetwbrhgsphrmbk
.Zlhsnetwbrhgsphrmbkhktay
hktay stnrhjgkbkHPVNM (X6) .Gkmnst
gkstrumhktsbfbtthry-fbdchjknkvnab
gkstrumhktsbfbtthry-fbdchjknkvnabtgahVBM
tgahVBM (mhmnrgb jh bddhsn bahbtnrgn) dlgp (X4) gsushjtnstnrhjbtb
gsushjtnstnrhjbtbsudlbsdbagfrbt
sudlbsdbagfrbtgnk
gnk
gkdnrpnrbtgkibrhba-rhano
gkdnrpnrbtgkibrhba-rhano thmpnrgzbjnr, dnkegiurbdgnkhs jh pruhfb, abs muhstrbs,
bkjbasnmbgktbgkstlhjbthbkjtgmh.T
bkjbasnmbgktbgkstlhjbthbkjtgmh.Tnmhgkstrumhktsus
nmhgkstrumhktsushtlh565:stbtgdVB
htlh565:stbtgdVBM
M (X66)
gkbjjgtgnktntlhknkvnabtgahVBMenrVB
gkbjjgtgnktntlhknkvnabtgahVBMenrVBMeukdtgnkstlbtkh
Meukdtgnkstlbtkhhjkntfhmbgktbgkhjb
hjkntfhmbgktbgkhjbtpnwhr-
tpnwhr- bpbibjn. Ab mbynríb jh abs H / T jgigtbahs sh
anirbk dnk <688 PPG X8. Ans gkthrvbans jh tghmpn y ans bkdlns jh puasn sh mgjhk utgagzbkjn ans dbkbahs dnktbjnrhs jha
thmpnrgzbjnr <68:X:.
BJUHVZHKDGB
Abs aíkhbs jh vnatboh phagirnsbs hstâk prhshkths hk ha pbkha pnsthrgnr
yXkjhfbon
dbfah jh jha fanquhbkths
bagmhktbdgôk jh gkdufbdgôk.
jh bfrgr ha gkstrumhktn.
PVHDBXDGÔK
Kn lbib kgkiÿk bousth jh lbrjwbrh, b phsbr jh quh lbyb ahíjn ha

shddgôk "Dbagfrbdgôk".

< Vhv.J
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Egiurb 8. Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 7
Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs
Ha jgbirbmb jh eauon jh ab Egiurb 8 jhsdrgfh ans pbsns aôigdns b shiugr sg ha gkstrumhktn kn eukdgnkb dnrrhdtbmhkth. Hs sôan ukb iuíb pbrb ab
rhsnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs y hstâ jhstgkbjn b byujbr b jhthrmgkbr ans prnfahmbs jh ab
a b rutgkb. Kn tghkh ab gkthkdgôk jh rhhmpabzbr b uk tçdkgdn
hxphrgmhktbjn, kg tbmpndn gkthktb rhsnavhr ans pnsgfahs prnfahmbs. Zhkib hk duhktb, pnr hohmpan, quh ha sgsthmb jh dnktrna jh thmphrbturb
kn hstâ dufghrtn.
Hk ab sgiughkth shddgôk, sh jhsdrgfhk tnjns ans

a ns sufdnkouktns n irupns jh dnmpnkhkths y ans pnsgfahs prnfahmbs y snaudgnkhs.
Euhkth jh bagmhktbdgôk
Ab euhkth jh bagmhktbdgôk dnkstb jh uk trbksenrmbjnr, jns puhkths jh jgnjns y trhs rhiuabjnrhs. Ab thksgôk jh aíkhb sumgkgstrbjb ba
trbksenrmbjnr sh dnkvghrth hk 45 UDB, dnk tnmb dhktrba, quh bagmhktb ha puhkth jh jgnjns FV6. Ab thdab
t hdab dhktrba sh utgagzb dnmn
rhehrhkdgb pbrb ans rhiuabjnrhs UV: y UV8, quh prnpnrdgnkbk + 28 U DD y 28 U DD pbrb uk dgrdugtn
dgr dugtn bkbaôigdn. Ntrb sbagjb jha
trbksenrmbjnr sumgkgstrb 22 U DB ba puhkth jh jgnjns FV2, quh b su vhz prnpnrdgnkb + 26 U DD (sgk prndhsbr, 22-24 U DD knmgkba)
ba sgsthmb, y UV4 rhiuab ha vnatboh fbon pbrb dnktrnabr ha
ha dgrdugtn jh + 8 U DD.
BJUHVZHKDGB
Ans vnatbohs jh aíkhb phagirnsns hstâk prhshkths hk ha pbkha pnsthrgnr y jhfbon jha fanquh
jh gkdufbdgôk. Jhsdnkhdth sghmprh ab bagmhktbdgôk jh DB
dbfah bkths jh bfrgr ha gkstrumhktn.
Xk "muhrtn" gkstrumhktm
gkstrumhktmbyfhdbushj
byfhdbushjfyfy oustbfanwkeu
oustbfanwkeush.Lnwhvhr,
sh.Lnwhvhr, gkjgdbthb bfanwkeushm
bfanwkeushmby by
prnfahmnktlhmbgkPDFn
prnfahmnk tlhmbgkPDFnrtrbksenrmhr.Ba
rtrbksenrmhr.Basn,
sn, tlhvnatbihsh
tlhvnatbihshahdtswgtdlshttgki
ahdtswgtdlshttgkimustmbtdltlh
mustmbtdltlhagkh
agkh
vnatbih.Getlhrhgskngkputvn
vnatbih.Getlhrh gskngkputvnatbihprhsh
atbihprhshktbtO5,
ktbtO5, dlhdctlheush
dlhdctlheush.Znrhpabdhtlh
.Znrhpabdhtlheush,
eush, jgsdnkkhd
jgsdnkkhdttlh
ttlh
pnwhrdbfahbkjnphktlhgkstrumhkt.Andbthtlhjnufahdagpeushlnajhrmnukthjnktlhgksgjhne
tlhrhbrpbkha.Andbthtlh
tlhrhbrpbk ha.Andbthtlhfanwkeushbk
fanwkeushbkjrhmnvhgtwgtlb
jrhmnvhgtwgtlbeushpuaahr,
eushpuaahr, nrdbrheuaaypry gtnutwgtlb smbaasdrhwjr
smbaasdrhwjrgvhr.
gvhr. Gkstbah jns (6)
(6) 0.5B4BI
0.5B4BI
Eusgfah jh bddgôk ahktb Vhhmpabzbr snan dnk uk eusgfah jha tgpn hsphdgegdbjn y abs dabsgegdbdgnkhs bdtubahs.
Tg lby vnatboh prhshkth hk O5, vhrgegquh ha vnatboh jh hktrbjb hk UV4, UV: y UV8. Tg kn lby vnatboh, ha puhkth jh jgnjns FV2 n
FV6 puhjh lbfhr ebaabjn.
Entômhtrn
Ha hksbmfaboh jha entômhtrn sh puhjh hxbmgkbr dnmn vbrgns sgsthmbs jh dnmpnkhkths?
• Ahhr mn
mnktboh y dbanr jh dhajb PDF
• Tnpnrths jh aâmpbrb
• Entômhtrn PDF
• Egatrn ruhjb y mntnr.
Ha hksbmfaboh sgrvh pbrb suohtbr ha tufn dhktrbjn hk ha fanquh jh dhajbs, hktrh ab pabdb egob y ukb pabdb dbribjb pnr rhsnrth. Xk
mgdrngkthrruptnr
mgdrngkthrruptnr mnktbjn hk ha PDF jha dbanr jh ab dhajb eukdgnkb dubkjn sh gkshrtb uk tufn.

20 Vhv.J
Ab aâmpbrb hs jh tukisthkn-lbaôihkn, rbthjbt 5U20Y. Ha snpnrth jh ab aâmpbrb snstghkh ab aâmpbrb y ab ahkth hk bagkhbdgôk dnk ha rhstn
jha dnkouktn, hs jhdgr, ha egabmhktn hstâ dhktrbjn hk ab trbyhdtnrgb ôptgdb.
Ans tnrkgaans igrbtnrgns jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn hstâk bddgnkbjns pnr ha mntnr jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn b trbvçs jh ukb dnrrhb jh khnprhkn. Ab ruhjb
jha egatrn hk sí kn rhqughrh bousths.
Ab rntbdgôk jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn jha entômhtrn sh hkduhktrb fbon ha dnktrna jha mgdrnprndhsbjnr. Ha prndhsn jh
nrjhkbdgôk igrb ab ruhjb y an bpbib y an mbktghkh igrbkjn b ukb vhandgjbj prnmhjgn dnkstbkth.
Pnsgfahs Dbusbs?
Ha dgkturôk sh lb sbagjn jh ab ruhjb.
Ha mntnr kn rhspnkjh ba dgrdugtn jh dnkjuddgôk.
Ha dgrdugtn jh ab ukgjbj y abs dnkhxgnkhs ebatbk n hstâk jhehdtunsbs.
Abs dnkhxgnkhs jha dgrdugtn jh jhthddgôk jh ruhjbs ebatbk n hstâk jhehdtunsbs.
Prndhsn jh bkâagsgs?
Kntb? Hk ihkhrba, ab ruhjb snan igrb mghktrbs ha gkstrumhktn hstâ hk mnjn jh ahdturb y ab aâmpbrb. Vhtgrh ab tbpb jha gkstrumhktn n
ha prndhjgmghktn jh hxtrbddgôk jh ab tbpb.
Dnmpruhfh quh ha dbfah jha entômhtrn O7 (bzua) y ha dbfah jha brdn grgs O8 hstçk dnandbjns. Hkdghkjb ab ukgjbj. Mgjb
8-5 vnatgns hk ha dbfah bmbrgaan jha mntnr jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn.
e gatrn. Dnkhdth b tghrrb ha dbfah mbrrôk-ha mntnr jhfh igrbr ha
tç b ukb vhandgjbj râpgjb.
Dnkegrmh quh ha rhduhktn jha egatrn bpbrhdh hk ans puktns jh pruhfb O< # 6.
Hk mnjn jh ahdturb, vhrgegquh quh ha pgk # 2 jh X7, XAK6004, hstç batn (mntnr hkdhkjgjn) n hstç puasbkjn. Dnmpruhfh
Dnmpruhfh quh ha
pgk # 25 jh X7 hstç fbon n dnk puasns.
Ha entômhtrn PDF dnktghkh uk entnjgnjn, uk dgrdugtn jh prnthddgôk muy shksgfah (X25) y entntrbksgstnrhs R9 y R<. Jhfgjn b quh ha
entnjhthdtnr y ha dgrdugtn rhabdgnkbjn hstâ hk hstbjn sôagjn, kn jhfh rhquhrgr kgkiÿk shrvgdgn. Hvgth ab mbkgpuabdgôk gkkhdhsbrgb jha
entômhtrn PDF n ab hxtrbddgôk jh ab tbpb ôptgdb.
Ab aâmpbrb hstâ jhstgkbjb b hstbr agfrh jh mbkthkgmghktn jurbkth ab vgjb ÿtga jha gkstrumhktn, yb quh ab aâmpbrb sh bpbib
butnmâtgdbmhkth jhspuçs jh 40 mgkutns jh gkbdtgvgjbj jha gkstrumhktn. Ha usn fbon phsn jh ab aâmpbrb phrmbkhdh
jurbkth phrínjns mâs prnankibjns y puhjh quh rhqughrb rhhmpabzn. Ab aâmpbrb jhfh shr rhhmpabzbjb sg ab sbagjb hs fbob
n ab aâmpbrb ebaab pnr dnmpahtn. Pbrb vhrgegdbr quh ab sbagjb jh ab aâmpbrb shb fbob, gkshrth uk tufn jh fnrnsgagdbtn aahkn jh
biub dnrrghkth hk ha pnzn. Kn ush uk tufn jh vgjrgn jh dba y snjb, yb quh kn trbksmgth b 4:0 km. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb #
2<5. Ha gkstrumhktn gmprgmh ab ankigtuj jh nkjb, ab pnsgdgôk y ha vnatboh jhthdtbjn pbrb dbjb egatrn. Ans vnatbohs jhfhk hstbr
hktrh 6 y 20 vnatgns. Tg tnjns ans vnatbohs snk gkehrgnrhs b 6,0 vnatgns, hs prnfbfah quh ab aâmpbrb shb ab snsphdlnsb. Dnmn
dnmprnfbdgôk egkba, mgjb ha vnatboh hk ans thrmgkbahs jh ab aâmpbrb. Tg ha vnatboh jh ab aâmpbrb hs gkehrgnr b :,8 U DD, ha
dgrdugtn jha rhiuabjnr hk ab PDF prgkdgpba (R5 y UV2) puhjh shr ha prnfahmb.
Genkaynkhnr anwjhthdthj
anwjhthdthjvnatbihs
vnatbihs twnegathrsrhpnrt, jhirbjhj
jhirbjhjegathrsnrbmgsbj
egathrsnrbmgsbjousthjabmpm
ousthjabmpmbyby
fhtlhdbush.Zndlhdcenrmgsbjousthjabmp, rhehrtnEgiurhs9bkj<, bswhaabstlhprndhjurh ‑rhhmpabzn jh ab aâmpbrb”
.Zlhnptgdba gkthrehrhkdhegath
gkthrehrhkdhegathrsdnktbgkhj
rsdnktbgkhjgktlhwlhhabrh
gktlhwlhhabrhnemhtba-jhpn
nemhtba-jhpnsgtgnktyph
sgtgnktyph dnkstrudtgnk
dnkstrudtgnkbkjbrh
bkjbrh
gkthkjhjtnfhmbgkthkbkdherhhenr
gkthkjhjtnfhmbgkthkbk dherhhenr ab agehne ab gkstrumhkt.Tnm
gkstrumhkt.Tnmhnajhr
hnajhr
gkstrumhktsgkdnrpnrbthjh
gkstrumhktsgkdnrpnrbthjhmuasgnk-typh
muasgnk-typhegathrswlnshtrbk
egathrswlnshtrbksmgttbkdhdb
smgttbkdhdbkfhrhjudh
kfhrhjudhjjrbmbtgdb
jjrbmbtgdbaayge
aayge
sufohdthjtnlgillumgjgtyn
sufohdthjtnlgillumgjgtynvhrvhryanki
vhrvhryankiphrgnjs.Vheh
phrgnjs.Vhehrr tntlhshdtgnk ‑EgathrVhpabdhmh
‑EgathrVhpabdhmhkt”.
kt”.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 22
Dnktrna jh thmphrbturb
Ha sgsthmb jh dnktrna jh thmphrbturb hs muy hstbfah y knrmbamhkth kn rhqughrh bousth kg rhdbagfrbdgôk. Hk ha dbsn jh quh
ab dbagfrbdgôk jhfb shr vhrgegdbjb n rhstbfahdgjb, dnksuath ab shddgôk "Dbagfrbdgôk". Bshiÿrhsh jh ahhr ab shddgôk dnmpahtb
snfrh dbagfrbdgôk bkths jh gkthktbr dubaqughr bousth.
MbgkPDF
Hk dgrdukstbkdgbs knrmbahs, sh jhfhk rhbagzbr bousths bjgdgnkbahs hk ab PDF prgkdgpba. Abs ebaabs jha dgrdugtn snk muy gmprnfbfahs, phrn
sg ndurrhk, sh rhdnmghkjb quh abs pbrhobs shbk rhbagzbjbs pnr tçdkgdns butnrgzbjns jh eâfrgdb. Lby puktns jh fÿsquhjb hk O< quh
frgkjbk bddhsn b uk kÿmhrn jh shòbahs vgtbahs. Ha gkstrumhktn puhjh nfshrvbrsh hk eukdgnkbmghktn dnk uk knsdgansdnpgn. Abs enrmbs
jh nkjb típgdbs jh ans puktns jh pruhfb sh muhstrbk hk ab Egiurb 5.
Gmprhsnrb gkthrkb
Ab gmprhsnrb gkthrkb hs uk jgspnsgtgvn jh tgpn tçrmgdn jh 60 dnaumkbs quh gmprgmh dbrbdthrhs BTDGG utgagzbkjn ukb mbtrgz jh puktns jh 8x9. (Abs
gmprhsnrbs irâegdbs utgagzbk ukb mbtrgz jh 8x< puktns, dnk ha hxtrbfgtn utgagzbjn snan hk ha mnjn jh irâegdns). XkgkthrPDF, quh gkdnrpnrb uk
mgdrndnktrnabjnr,
mgdrndnktrnabjnr, ihstgnkb ha mntnr jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk y ans dnktrnabjnrhs jha dbfhzba. Lby rhbousths y ha shrvgdgn hs agmgtbjn pbrb ab
sustgtudgôk jh tnjn ha mhdbkgsmn jh ab gmprhsnrb. Puhjh prnjudgrsh uk btbsdn hk ab gmprhsnrb sg ha pbpha jh ab gmprhsnrb sh rnmph y sh btbsdb hk
ha mhdbkgsmn jh ab gmprhsnrb, an quh hvgtb quh ha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk sh muhvb agfrhmhkth. Dnksuath ab shddgôk "Btbsdns jh ab gmprhsnrb".
Mnkgtnr
Ab pbktbaab jhfh shr dabrbmhkth ahigfah sgk quh sh nmgtbk ans dbrbdthrhs kg ans shimhktns. Lby bousths bjgdgnkbahs y ha shrvgdgn
tghkh ukb ufgdbdgôk agmgtbjb.
Zhdabjn
Ha thdabjn sh lb dhrrbjn ab dbpb jh gkthrruptnr jh mhmfrbkb quh sôan sh puhjh utgagzbr dnk rhhmpabzn. Puhjh prnfbr ha thdabjn
prhsgnkbkjn BX\,
prhsgnkbkjn BX\, auhin
auhin prhsgnkbkjn tnjbs abs thdabs hxdhptn DABVN
hxdhptn DABVN y
y HKZVBV.
HKZVBV. Zhkib
Zhkib hk duhktb quh dbjb thdab lbdh quh ha
gkstrumhktn suhkh y muhstrh uk dbrâdthr. DABVN
dbrâdthr. DABVN y
y ab pbktbaab sh fnrrb.
HKZVBV tnhkjtlhthst.
HKZVBV tnhkjtlhthst.
Puhrtn shrgba
Ha puhrtn jh shrgh hstâ jgshòbjn pbrb su usn dnk ha bddhsnrgn jh eauon jh bspgrbdgôk n dnk ukb gmprhsnrb jh
shrgh hxthrkb. Ans mnjhans thmprbkns snan bjmgthk ukb gmprhsnrb jh shrgh. Ba utgagzbr uk dbfah hsphdgba, sh
puhjh dnkhdtbr ukb gmprhsnrb jh shrgh n ukb dnmputbjnrb dnk uk puhrtn jh shrgh. Lby jns pgkhs jgehrhkths
pbrb ha puhrtn shrgh?
Prgmhrns mnjhans Mnjhans bdtubahs

2 IKJ 2 IKJ
6 Z\ 6 ZVBKTMGTGÔK / MNTRXGZN
4 V\ / JZV 4 DBVNAGKB JHA KNVZH
:-7 DBVNAGKB JHA KNVZH : Z\ / JBZNT
8-< DBVNAGKB JHA KNVZH
7 + 26UJD

26 Vhv.J
Egiurb 5.Nsdgansdnpgn Enrmbs jh nkjb

mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 24
Hrrnr jh mhksbohs
Th muhstrbk mhksbohs jh hrrnr pbrb gkenrmbr ba usubrgn jh uk pnsgfah prnfahmb. Hstâk jhstgkbjns b byujbr ba nphrbjnr b andbagzbr ha
prnfahmb. Tg ans mhksbohs bpbrhdhk dnk erhduhkdgb, an mâs prnfbfah hs quh sh jhfb b uk prnfahmb jh lbrjwbrh.
Ans sgiughkths mhksbohs jh hrrnr gkjgdbk pnsgfahs prnfahmbs jh gkthrebz n dnmpnkhkth.
EBAAN AÂMPBVB Ab aâmpbrb kn bpbrhdh pbrb gaumgkbr tnjns ans jbtns.

Euhrnk jhthdtbjns pbrb tnjbs abs pnsgdgnkhs jh egatrn. Dnksuath ab shddgôk "Entômhtrn" hk
"Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs".
GMPVHTNVB PBPHAOBM Ha rhdnrrgjn jha pbpha jh gmprhsgôk gkthrkn hstâ nfstrugjn.

dbmgkn. Tg ab trbyhdtnrgb jha pbpha hstâ dabrb, dnmpruhfh ha dbfah JGP jh 2: pgkhs.
dnkhdtbr ab gmprhsnrb PDF b ab PDF prgkdgpba.
EGAZVN VXHJB Ha gkstrumhktn kn puhjh jhthdtbr puasns jh ab ruhjb

r uhjb jha egatrn. Uhrgegquh ab rntbdgôk jh ab
ruhjb jha egatrn, yb quh uk jhsbanon n ukb dnrrhb jh trbksmgsgôk rntb hvgtbrâ quh ab ruhjb
jha egatrn igrh. Uhrgegquh ab shòba hk O<-
6.Dnmpruhfh ha entômhtrn AHJ y ans entntrbksgstnrhs
entntrbksgstnrhs R9
y R< hk ha PDF jha entômhtrn. Dnksuath ab shddgôk "Entômhtrn"
hk "Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs".
Ans sgiughkths mhksbohs jh hrrnr gkjgdbk uk pnsgfah ebaan jha KUVBMX4.X4 sh puhjh dnmprnfbr mhjgbkth sustgtudgôk.
HVVNV JH MHMNVGB Ab sumb jh vhrgegdbdgôk ebaaô dubkjn sh rhtgrô ukb pruhfb bambdhkbjb.
euç fnrrbjn.
VHTZBFAHDGMGHKZN JHA UBANV JHA BIXBAbs bfsnrfbkdgbs jh biub bambdhkbjbs sh dnrrnmpghrnk n kn sh hkdnktrbrnk.
JNZHMPTHZZHTZ620! Ans vbanrhs jh dbagfrbdgôk jh thmphrbturb bambdhkbjns sh dnrrnmpghrnk n kn sh hkdnktrbrnk.

Dnksuath ab shddgôk "VhstnrhDbagfrbtgnkJbtb".
JNBFTTHZZHTZ626! Ans vbanrhs jh dbagfrbdgôk jh bfsnrfbkdgb bambdhkbjns sh dnrrnmpghrnk n kn

Hkdnktrbjn. Dnksuath ab shddgôk "VhstnrhDbagfrbtgnkJbtb
"VhstnrhDbagfrbtgnkJbtb".
".
Zhkib hk duhktb quh hstns mhksbohs puhjhk bpbrhdhr hk ha snetwbrh

bdtubagzbdgnkhs, jhfgjn b jgehrhkthsmhmnryspbdhandbtgnksenrstnrh
jbtns.

2: Vhv.J
Prndhjgmghktns jh shrvgdgn
Bfrgr ha gkstrumhktn
Th jhfh qugtbr ab tbpb pbrb phrmgtgr ha bddhsn ba gkthrgnr jha gkstrumhktn. Jhsdnkhdth ha dbfah jh bagmhktbdgôk
y ha dbfah shrgba (sg hstâ dnkhdtbjn) jha pbkha trbshrn. Gkvghrtb ha gkstrumhktn snfrh ukb suphregdgh subvh, kn
bfrbsgvb, bdnadlbjb, dnmn ukb tnbaab, pbrb hvgtbr quh sh rbyh. Dnksuath ab Egiurb :, Pbrth gkehrgnr jha dlbsgs.
Xfgquh y rhtgrh ans (8) tnrkgaans jh ab dufghrtb jh ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn.
Hk baiukns mnjhans, ha mhdbkgsmn jh ab gmprhsnrb kn hstâ mnktbjn hk ab fbkjb jh PD prgkdgpba. Ha rnaan jh pbpha jh ab gmprhsnrb jhfh rhtgrbrsh
pbrb phrmgtgr ab hxtrbddgôk jh ab tbpb. Prhsgnkh lbdgb bjhktrn hk ans abjns jh ab dufghrtb jha rnaan jh pbpha y ahvâkthan. Hxtrbgib ha rnaan jh pbpha y
rhtgrh ha pbpha jnkjh ans gkstbabjnrhs hktrbk hk ha mhdbkgsmn jh ab gmprhsnrb.
Bibrrh ab tbpb pnr ha abjn gzqughrjn. Ahvbkth subvhmhkth ab tbpb lbdgb brrgfb y lbdgb ab jhrhdlb, lbstb quh ha dbfah shb vgsgfah. Puhjh bpnybr ab
dufghrtb jh abjn mghktrbs jhsdnkhdtb ans dbfahs. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 9, Dnkhxgnkhs jh ab dufghrtb. Jhsdnkhdth ha dbfah jh pbktbaab hk ab pbrth
jhabkthrb gzqughrjb jha hksbmfaboh jh ab PD prgkdgpba. Dnanquh uk jhstnrkgaabjnr hktrh ha hkdlueh JGP jh 2: dabvgobs y su hkdlueh y igrh
subvhmhkth lbdgb brrgfb. Kn jnfah abs dabvgobs. Jhsdnkhdth ha dbfah jh ab gmprhsnrb jh ab mgsmb mbkhrb. Jhsdnkhdth ha dbfah jha thdabjn jha
dnkhdtnr.
Vhtgrh ab tbpb y dnaôquhab b uk abjn.
Pbrb gkstbabr ab tbpb, gkvghrtb ha prndhjgmghktn. Dnanquh ab tbpb hk su abjn b ab jhrhdlb jh ab fbsh jha dlbsgs. Dnkhdth ans dbfahs jh ab
gmprhsnrb, ab pbktbaab y ha thdabjn. Dnanquh dnk dugjbjn ab tbpb hk ab fbsh jha dlbsgs. Gkstbah ans tnrkgaans jh ab tbpb. Kn bprghth ans
tnrkgaans jh ab tbpb.
BJUHVZHKDGB
Ans vnatbohs jh aíkhb phagirnsns hstâk prhshkths hk ha pbkha pnsthrgnr y jhfbon jha fanquh
jh gkdufbdgôk. Jhsdnkhdth sghmprh ab bagmhktbdgôk jh DB
dbfah bkths jh bfrgr ha gkstrumhktn.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 28
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Egiurb 9.DufghrtbDnkhxgnkhs

jghdgsçgs Vhv.J
Aâmpbrb Vhhmpabzn
Ab aâmpbrb jhfh rhhmpabzbrsh sôan sg kn sh hkdghkjh n sg sh gkenrmb quh vbrgns vnatbohs jh egatrn snk fbons.
Mbthrgbahs y hqugpbmghktn?
• Aâmpbrb jh rhpuhstn
• Jhstnrkgaabjnr Plgaagps
• Jhstnrkgaabjnr jh puktb pabkb
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Tg utgagzb ha bddhsnrgn jh eauon, rhtgrh ab dhajb jh eauon y dnanquh ha gkstrumhktn hk ha mnjn jh tufn.
6. Dnanquh ha gkthrruptnr jh pnthkdgb hk BPBIBJN (N). Bfrb ha gkstrumhktn. Xfgquh ha entômhtrn y ab aâmpbrb hk ha abjn gzqughrjn
jha entômhtrn. Dnksuath ab Egiurb <, Vhhmpabzn jh aâmpbrb.
PVHDBXDGÔK
Ab aâmpbrb hstâ DBAGHKZH. Phrmgtb quh ab aâmpbrb sh hkeríh bkths jh mbkgpuabrab.
4. Beanoh phrn kn qugth ans tnrkgaans jh ans thrmgkbahs jh ab aâmpbrb. Kn beanoh kg qugth kgkiÿk ntrn tnrkgaan. Rugth ab
aâmpbrb ahvbktâkjnab lbdgb brrgfb euhrb jha dnkhdtnr.
:. Xtgagdh uk pbr jh bagdbths n pgkzbs pbrb mbkgpuabr ab aâmpbrb kuhvb. Kn ab mbkgpuah dnk ab pgha jhskujb. Gkshrth
abs puktbs jh ab aâmpbrb hk ha dnkhdtnr lbstb quh hstçk lbdgb bfbon. Ha egabmhktn jh ab aâmpbrb jhfh hstbr
dhktrbjn hk ab ahkth y ha duhrpn jh ab aâmpbrb jhfh hstbr pbrbahan ba snpnrth jh ab aâmpbrb. Mghktrbs snstghkh ab
bagkhbdgôk jh ab aâmpbrb, bprghth ans tnrkgaans jh ans thrmgkbahs jh ab aâmpbrb. Jhfhríb pnjhr dnkegrmbr
vgsubamhkth ab bagkhbdgôk jh ab aâmpbrb mgrbkjn b trbvçs jh ab aâmpbrb y ab ahkth pbrb vhr ab bfhrturb hk ab pabdb
jh rhsnrth jhtrâs jh abs ahkths. Ans trhs hahmhktns jhfhk hstbr bagkhbjns.
utgagzbkjn ha tnrkgaan gkjgdbjn pbrb sufgr n fbobr ab baturb jh ab pabdb.
8. Pnkib ha gkthrruptnr jh pnthkdgb hk NK. Ha hsdujn jh ab aâmpbrb y nfshrvh ab prnyhddgôk jha

rbyn hk ab bfhrturb. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 7, Bagkhbdgôk jha puktn. Ha puktn jhfh hstbr phquhòn y
dhktrbjn hk ab bfhrturb.
ousthkdgrdahtlhbphrturh. Tg ha puktn
puktn kn hstâ dhktrbjn, rhpgtb ha pbsn :.
5. Gkshrth uk tufn jh sgagdbtn jh fnrn rhaahkn dnk biub dnrrghkth jhktrn jh ab mgsmb. Kn ush uk tufn jh vgjrgn jh dba y dba, yb
quh kn trbksmgth b 4:0 km. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 2<5. Ha gkstrumhktn gmprgmh ha vnatboh jhthdtbjn pbrb dbjb pnsgdgôk jh
egatrn. Znjns ans vnatbohs jhfhk hstbr hktrh 6,00 vnatgns y 20,00 vnatgns. Tg tnjns ans vnatbohs snk fbons, rhpgtb ha pbsn 8 lbstb
quh ab aâmpbrb shb ôptgmb.
pnsgdgôk nfthkgjb.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 29
Ab aâmpbrb jhfh shr pbrbahab

Aâmpbrb
dnk pnrtbaâmpbrbs
snpnrth Aâmpbrb
Bphrturb jh ab ahkth
Pabdb jh rhsnrth
Zhrmgkba jh aâmpbrb Ha egabmhktn jh ab aâmpbrb jhfh hstbr dhktrbjn vhrtgdba

hmpuaiuhrbs y lnrgznktbamhkth hk ab ahkth.
Egiurb <. Vhhmpabzn jh aâmpbrb
Xsn
boustbr baturb
jh aâmpbrb.
Egiurb <b. Bagkhbdgôk jh aâmpbrb dnk snpnrth jh aâmpbrb mâs kuhvn
Ha auibr jhfh shr phquhòn

y dhktrbjn hk
bfhrturb.
Egiurb 7. Bagkhbdgôk jh puktns

2< Vhv.J
Egatrn Vhhmpabzn
• Ouhin jh egatrns jh rhpuhstn
• Jhstnrkgaabjnr Plgaagps
• Jhstnrkgaabjnr jh puktb pabkb
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Bfrb ha gkstrumhktn. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 4. Xfgquh ha entômhtrn. Jhshkdlueh bmfns dbfahs jha entômhtrn jh ab PDF prgkdgpba.
6. Xtgagdh uk aâpgz pbrb mbrdbr ha erhkth y ans abjns jha entômhtrn hk ha hoh pbrb quh ha entômhtrn puhjb
gkstbabrsh hk su pnsgdgôk nrgigkba.
4. Xfgquh ans (4) tnrkgaans # 5 quh snstghkhk ha hksbmfaboh jha entômhtrn hk ha dlbsgs. Jhsjh ha enkjn jha
gkstrumhktn, rhtgrh hstns tnrkgaans y brbkjhabs mghktrbs
brbkjhabs mghktrbs tnmb kntb jh abs ankigtujhs jh ans tnrkgaans y abs ufgdbdgnkhs jh abs quh sh
rhtgrbrnk.
:. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 20, Vhhmpabzn jha egatrn. Rugth ans dubtrn tnrkgaans jh 5 b 46 quh rhtghkhk ab tbpb jha entômhtrn. Dnanquh ab tbpb jha
entômhtrn b uk abjn.
8. Rugth ans jns tnrkgaans :-:0 quh bshiurbk ha entômhtrn PDF. Muhvb subvhmhkth ha PDF ba abjn sgk jhsdnkhdtbr kgkiÿk
dbfah.
5. Rugth ab dnrrhb jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn y ab pnahb. Beanoh ha hoh (tnrkgaan jh lnmfrn). Vhtgrh ha hoh y ab ruhjb jha egatrn. Zhkib hk
duhktb ha kÿmhrn jh brbkjhabs jh kbgank y ha nrjhk jh gkstbabdgôk.
BJUHVZHKDGB
Ans bkgaans jh rhthkdgôk (usbjns hk abs ruhjbs jh egatrn jh prnjuddgôk pnsthrgnrhs) sbajrâk
jh ab ruhjb jh egatrn dubkjn sh suhath ab thksgôk jha rhsnrth jurbkth
Prnthob ab bphrturb dnk ab mbkn y ush ibebs jh shiurgjbj.
9. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 22.Xfgquh ha egatrn quh jhshb qugtbr. Bdtubamhkth lby jns ukgjbjhs jh rhthkdgôk jha egatrn hk usn hk ha dbmpn3
phibmhktn jh sgagdnkb n bkgaan jh rhthkdgôk. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 20 y jhthrmgkh sg sh utgagzb ha bkgaan jh rhthkdgôk. Tg ha bkgaan jh
rhthkdgôk hstâ hk usn, sbquh dnk dugjbjn jns jh ans trhs bkgaans jh rhthkdgôk jha egatrn lbstb quh sh jhsbanoh y rhtgrh ha bkgaan y ha
egatrn. Tg lby phibmhktn jh sgagdnkb, rhtgrh ab sgagdnkb y hmpuoh ha egatrn lbdgb beuhrb jh ab ruhjb usbkjn ab aíkhb jh fnrrbjn jh uk
aâpgz u ntrn nfohtn fabkjn y ha phibmhktn jhfh snatbrsh. Rugth dubaqughr dnmpnkhkth rhstbkth jha egatrn jh hsb pnsgdgôk hk ab ruhjb.
<. Xfgquh ans egatrns jh jhksgjbj khutrb, ab pbktbaab jh puktns y ans egatrns jh trbksmgsgôk quh hstbfbk gkdaugjns dnk ha egatrn jh rhhmpabzn
y dnaôquhans prgmhrn hk ab dbvgjbj. Gkstbah ha egatrn jh gkthrehrhkdgb dnk ha abjn jha hsphon lbdgb bfbon. Dnanquh ha auibr, rhtçk ans egatrns
jh mnjn quh abs phstbòbs hstçk hk âkiuan bahobjn jha egatrn y prhsgnkh hk su auibr dnk ukb mbjhrb jh 9/25 jh jgâmhtrn n uk nfohtn
sgmgabr.
7. Gkstbah ab ruhjb jha egatrn quh kn thkib ab pbrth suphrgnr jh abs brbkjhabs jhfbon jha hoh. Uuhavb b mnktbr ha hoh y abs brbkjhabs dnmn
jhsmnktbjns. Bprghth egrmhmhkth ha hoh. Abs ruhjbs jha egatrn jhfhk igrbr agfrhmhkth.
20. Gkstbah ab dnrrhb jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn. Bshiÿrhsh jh quh ab dnrrhb hstç dhktrbjb hk ab ruhjb jha egatrn y kn hstç tnrdgjb. Gkstbah ha entômhtrn
22. PDF thkghkjn dugjbjn jh dhktrbr ab tbfab barhjhjnr jha hoh.
26. Uuhavb b dnandbr ab tbpb jha entômhtrn, thkghkjn dugjbjn jh dnandbr ha dbfah hk ab rbkurb jh ab tbpb. Kn bprghth ha dbfah jhfbon jh ab
tbpb. Bprghth ans tnrkgaans jh ab tbpb sôan lbstb quh hkdboh. ¡Kn bprghth ans tnrkgaans jh ab tbpb jha entômhtrn! Tg an lbdh, jnfabrâ ab tbpb
jha entômhtrn y drhbrâ ukb euib jh auz.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 27
24. Gkstbah ha sufdnkouktn jha entômhtrn hk ha dlbsgs rhhmpabzbkjn ans (4) tnrkgaans butnrrnsdbkths # 5 b trbvçs jh ab fbsh jha dlbsgs. hk sus
ufgdbdgnkhs nrgigkbahs. Entômhtrn jh bagkhbdgôk dnk mbrdbs jh andbagzbdgôk lhdlbs hk ha pbsn
6.Dnkhdth ans (6) dbfahs quh qugtô hk ha pbsn 2.
2:. Dnkhdth ha dbfah jh bagmhktbdgôk y dnkhdth ha gkstrumhktn b ab euhkth jh bagmhktbdgôk. Bousth ha gkthrruptnr jh pnthkdgb hk NK (2). Gkshrth uk
tufn jh sgagdbtn jh fnrn aahkn jh biub dnrrghkth hk ha gkthrgnr fghk. Kn ush uk tufn jh vgjrgn jh dba y dba, yb quh kn trbksmgth b 4:0 km.
Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 2<5. Ha gkstrumhktn gmprgmh ha vnatboh jhthdtbjn pbrb dbjb egatrn. Znjns ans vnatbohs jhfhk hstbr hktrh 6 y 20 vnatgns. Tg kn
hs bsí, dnmpruhfh ab bagkhbdgôk jh ab aâmpbrb. Tg ab bagkhbdgôk jh ab aâmpbrb hstâ dnrrhdtbmhkth boustbjb, hs pnsgfah quh shb khdhsbrgn dbmfgbr
ans egatrns jh jhksgjbj khutrb. Birhiuh khutrns pbrb jgsmgkugr ha vnatboh. Rugth ans khutrns pbrb bumhktbr ha vnatboh.
Vuhjb jh egatrn
Dgkturôk
Rugtbr tnrkgaans Vhtgrh ans tnrkgaans quh suohtbk

snsthkghkjn entômhtrn entômhtrn PDFbkjrhmnvh
dufrgr. dgkturôk.
Xkb n jns brbkjhabs jh

kbgank hksbmfabjbs.
Nkhkyank
abvbjnrb
Rugth ha phibmhktn n
rhthkhjnr y hmpuoh
Lnmfrn egatrn dnk nfohtn

Vhtgrh ab ruhjb jh egatrbjn. dnktukjhkth.
tnrkgaan
Gkstbah egatrns jh jhksgjbj khutrb, pbktbaabs jh puktns,

egatrns jh gkthrehrhkdgb y rhthkhjnrhs.
Egiurb 20 Vhhmpabzn jha egatrn

60 Vhv.J
EgathrAbfha
Ab htgquhtb jha egatrn ufgdbjb hk ab tbpb jha entômhtrn jhsdrgfh ab dnkegiurbdgôk hsphdíegdb jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn pbrb su gkstrumhktn hk
pbrtgduabr. Ab pnsgdgôk jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn hs ab ufgdbdgôk eísgdb jha egatrn
e gatrn hk ab ruhjb. Ans kÿmhrns jh pnsgdgôk jh ab ruhjb jha egatrn sh
muhstrbk hk ab Egiurb 22. Nfshrvh ab pnsgdgôk jha nrgegdgn jh íkjgdh y jha nrgegdgn jh ab dbsb.
Dbjb pnsgdgôk jh egatrn puhjh thkhr vbrgns hahmhktns jh egatrn gkstbabjns. Ha kÿmhrn jh ruhjb jh egatrn jh dubtrn jíigtns gjhktgegdb ha anth jh ruhjb jh
egatrn, gkdaugjns ans dôjgins jh anth jh egatrn, abs pbktbaabs jh puktns, ans egatrns jh jhksgjbj khutrb y ab ehdlb jh hksbmfaboh pbrb hsh anth jh
ebfrgdbdgôk hk pbrtgduabr jh abs ruhjbs jh egatrn. Baiukns hstgans jh htgquhtbs jh egatrn bkthrgnrhs puhjhk gkdaugr hstb gkenrmbdgôk gkjgvgjuba. Tg
khdhsgtb gkenrmbdgôk hsphdíegdb pbrb uk kÿmhrn jh ruhjb jha egatrn, dnmukíquhsh dnk ha ebfrgdbkth.
:Pnsgdgôk 5Pnsgdgôk
Vntbdgôk Vntbdgôk
5 2
: 2
8 6
Lnibr
4 6
biuohrn
: Lnibr Íkjgdh 4
Íkjgdh
biuohrn biuohrn
biuohrn
Egiurb 22.EgathrYlhhaPnsgtgnks
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 62
PrgkthrObms
PVHDBXDGÔK
Kn bpagquh euhrzb ba dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk.
Kn rbsquh ab pabtgkb kg ernth dnk nfohtns egansns.
Tg ha gkstrumhktn muhstrb ‑¡Ab gmprhsnrb hstâ btbsdbjb!”, N sg ha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk kn rhirhsb b ab pnsgdgôk gkgdgba, vhrgegquh sg lby
nfstruddgnkhs hk ab rutb jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 26, Hagmgkbdgôk jh btbsdns jh ab gmprhsnrb. Vhtgrh dnk dugjbjn dubaqughr
pbpha n sudghjbj dnk uk pbr jh pgkzbs. Bpbiuh ha gkthrruptnr jh hkdhkjgjn, hsphrh 8 shiukjns, auhin hkdghkjb ha gkthrruptnr jh hkdhkjgjn. Ha
dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk jhfh mnvhrsh lbdgb ha ntrn abjn y auhin rhirhsbr b ab pnsgdgôk jh gkgdgn b ab gzqughrjb.
Xk mçtnjn bathrkbtgvn pbrb qugtbr uk trnzn jh pbpha pbrtgduabrmhkth rhfhajh hs mnvhr ha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk
mbkubamhkth. Pbrb haan, bfrb ha gkstrumhktn. Rugth abs jns tuhrdbs quh dnandbk ha snpnrth jh ab gmprhsnrb hk
ab dufghrtb. Uhb ha erhkth jha mhdbkgsmn jh ab gmprhsnrb.
Lnibr
pnsgdgôk
Dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk btbsdbjn

dnktrb ha pbpha
Hkirbkboh jhabkthrn jhrhdln

Dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk
dbfhzb jh gmprhsgôk
Hoh jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk
Egiurb 26. Hagmgkbdgôk jh btbsdns hk ab gmprhsnrb

66 Vhv.J
Vhpbrbdgôk jh gmprhsnrbs
Birbplgdsdbpbfahprgkthrlbsfhhkgktrnjudhjgkrhdhkt mbkhrb gkstrumhkts.Vhpabdhmhktprgkthrsbrh

irbplgdsdbpbfahbkjdbkfhmbjhdnmpbtgfahwgtlhbraghrknkirbplgdsdbpbfahprgkthrPDFs.Nkh b gjhktgeywlgdltyphneprgkthr gsushj
hs tnrhmnvhtlhrgffnkdbfahernmtlhchytbga tnmb nktlhprgkthr gkthrebdhPDF.Anncbt
tlhdnkkhdtnrnktlhrgffnkdbfah.Bkhbraghrknkirbplgds
dbpbfahprgkthrwgaalbvhhgiltdnkjudtnrs.Zlhirbplgdsdbpbfahprgkthrwgaalbvhkgkh.Bkntlhrwby tngjhktgeywlgdlprgkthr
gsushjgstnanncbt tlhfauhgksphdtgnkabfhanktlhprgkthr gkthrebdhPDF. Tg ha kÿmhrn jh ab htgquhtb hs M060::8 n suphrgnr, sh utgagzb

ukb gmprhsnrb dnmpbtgfah dnk irâegdns. Abs rhpbrbdgnkhs jh ans mhdbkgsmns jh ab gmprhsnrb puhjhk dnksgstgr hk ha rhhmpabzn
jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk n ha rhhmpabzn jha mhdbkgsmn jh ab gmprhsnrb.
Vhhmpabzn jh dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk

Th sumgkgstrbk dbfhzbahs jh gmprhsgôk jh rhpuhstn pbrb ab gmprhsnrb dnmpbtgfah dnk irâegdns (dbfah jh dgktb jh kuhvh dnkjudtnrhs). Jhthrmgkh
ha tbmbòn jh ab dabvgob jh dnkhxgôk hk ab gkthrebz jh gmprhsnrb PDF hk ab quh sh gkshrtb ha dbfah jh dgktb jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk rhhmpabzbjn
(ndln rbkurbs jh aíkhb). Tg lby ndln rbkurbs, mnjgegquh ans hkdbfhzbjns jh gmprhsgôk jh rhhmpabzn quh sh muhstrbk hk ab Egiurb 24.
Dnksuath ab Egiurb 2: y rhhmpabdh abs dbfhzbs jh gmprhsgôk b dnktgkubdgôk?
Egiurb 24.Mnjgegdbdgôk jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk jh rhhmpabzn pbrb
Gmprhsnrbs kn irâegdbs
2. Tbquh ha pbsbjnr (2) quh suohtb ha hkirbkboh (6) hk su auibr.
6. Vhtgrh ha pbsbjnr (4) jha abjn jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk dnk pgkzbs y pgquh ha pbsbjnr (:) jh ab pbrth suphrgnr jha dbfhzba jh
gmprhsgôk. Ha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk jhfh mnvhrsh agfrhmhkth b an abrin jha tnrkgaan jh bddgnkbmghktn (5).
4. Vhtgrh ha rhsnrth (8) jha hxtrhmn jha tnrkgaan jh bddgnkbmghktn (5) y rhtgrh ha tnrkgaan jh bddgnkbmghktn y ha dnkouktn jh hkirbkbohs jha
mhdbkgsmn jh gmprhsgôk hk abs jgrhddgnkhs quh sh muhstrbk.
:. Prhsgnkh ha hxtrhmn jh ab vbrgaab jhsagzbkth (9) euhrb jha nrgegdgn hk ha mhdbkgsmn jh gmprhsgôk hk ab jgrhddgôk quh sh muhstrb
jhsjh ha abjn gzqughrjn
g zqughrjn jha mhdbkgsmn. Kn hs khdhsbrgn rhtgrbr dnmpahtbmhkth ab vbrgaab jhsagzbkth jha mhdbkgsmn.
8. Jhsagdh ha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk jh ab vbrgaab jhsagzbkth y rhhmpaâdhan pnr ha kuhvn dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk. Uuhavb b mnktbr ha
mhdbkgsmn hk nrjhk gkvhrsn jh ans pbsns jh jhsmnktboh bkthrgnrhs.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 64
ABJN JHVHDLN
9 8
ABJN G_RXGHVJN
Egiurb 2:.Ugstbs jh gmprhsnrb pbrb ha rhhmpabzn jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk

6: Vhv.J
GmprhsnrbPabtgkbVhhmpabzn
2. Vhegrgçkjnsh b ab Egiurb 28, hagmgkh ha Pbkha jh jgrhddgôk jh pbpha.
6. Muhvb ha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk lbdgb ab pnsgdgôk mâs b ab jhrhdlb, dnmn sh muhstrb, igrbkjn ha bddgnkbmghktn jha tnrkgaan dnk su
hkirbkboh hk ha abjn npuhstn jha mhdbkgsmn.
4. Ahvbkth ha abjn gzqughrjn jh ab pabdb.
:. Gkstbah abs pabdbs kuhvbs hk ha hxtrhmn quh tghkh mâs tghmpn quh ha pbsbjnr hstâ nrghktbjn lbdgb
ha abjn jhrhdln jha mhdbkgsmn. Gkshrth ab puktb batb jh ab pabdb jhfbon jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk.
JrhssDnvhr
JHVHDLN
ABJN
Pabtgkb
(ârhb nsdurb)
Dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk
Jhstnrkgaabjnr
G_RXGHVJB
ABJN
Egiurb 28? Tustgtudgôk jh ab pabdb jh ab gmprhsnrb
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 68
GmprhsnrbGkthrebzPDFVhmpabzn
Ans PDF jh rhpuhstn sh sumgkgstrbk hk ukb dnkegiurbdgôk quh sh bjbptb b gmprhsnrbs dnmpbtgfahs dnk irâegdns y kn dnmpbtgfahs dnk
irâegdns. Tg ab gmprhsnrb b ab quh sh dnkhdtbrâ ab PDF tghkh uk dbfah jh dgktb jh ndln pnsgdgnkhs (yb shb jhsjh ha ebdtnr quh hstâ
mnjgegdbjn), dnrth ha puhkth O8 jh ab fbkjb jh PD h gkstbah ha dbfah jh dgktb jh ab gmprhsnrb hk ha dnkhdtnr jh dnab jh aabvh jh ndln
pnsgdgnkhs (dnksuath ab Egiurb 25). Jh an dnktrbrgn, gkstbah ha dbfah jh dgktb hk ha dnkhdtnr jh dnab jh aabvh jh pnsgdgôk dnktgkub y jhoh
gktbdtn.
Tndcht enrknk
irâegdns dbpbdhs
gmprhsnrb
Znmb enrirbpl
Gmprhsnrb
Ohrshy jh dnrth pbrb kn irâegdns
Gmprhsnrb dbpbz
Egiurb 25. Gkthrebz jh ab gmprhsnrb PDF.

65 Vhv.J
Vhhmpabzn jh fbkjb jh PD prgkdgpba / n entômhtrn
Bkths jh gkstbabr ukb fbkjb jh PD prgkdgpba n uk entômhtrn jh rhhmpabzn, jhthrmgkh sg sh rhquhrgrâ ukb pabdb jh bjbptbjnr jh
entômhtrn pbrb bshiurbr ab dnmpbtgfgagjbj hktrh ha entômhtrn y ab PDF prgkdgpba?
Ab eukdgôk jh thdab fusdb hk ab pabdb prgkdgpba hktrh ha dnkhdtnr O29 (Egiurb 29F). Ha MbgkPDF jh rhhmpabzn thkjrâ
O29.
Ans entômhtrns hstâk dnkhdtbjns

dnkhdtbjns dnk 6 n 4 dbfahs jhphkjghkjn jh ab dnkegiurbdgôk. Ab eukdgôk jh thdab pbrb fusdbr hk ha
entômhtrn hs sg kn ha pnrtbaâmpbrbs hstâ dbfahbjn
dbfahbjn dnk babmfrhs bmbrgaans (rhehrgjns dnmn uk ‑entômhtrn jh 4 dbfahs”). Ha
entômhtrn jh dnandbdgôk shrâ uk entômhtrn jh 4 dbfahs dnk ans babmfrhs bmbrgaans.
Dnksuath ab Zbfab G y abs Egiurbs 29B y 29F b dnktgkubdgôk pbrb jhthrmgkbr sg sh khdhsgtbrâ uk bjbptbjnr pbrb bshiurbr ab dnmpbtgfgagjbj.
ZbfahG.MbgkPDF
ZbfahG.MbgkPDF / PlntnmhthrD
PlntnmhthrDnmpbtgfgagty
nmpbtgfgagty
Entômhtrn Vhhmpabzn.
2. Bfrb hagkstrumhktnjhsdrgtn hk "Bphrturbjhagkstrumhktn" .Dnksuath ab Egiurb4.Xfgquh ha entômhtrn.Kntb ab

dnandbdgôk jh ans dbfahs quh vbk jha entômhtrn b ab PDF prgkdgpba y jhshkdlueh ans dbfahs jh ab PDF prgkdgpba.
6. Mbrquh ha phrímhtrn jha entômhtrn hk ha dlbsgs dnk uk aâpgz pbrb quh ha entômhtrn jh rhhmpabzn puhjb
dnandbrsh dnrrhdtbmhkth.
4. Xfgquh ans (4) tnrkgaans # 5 quh snstghkhk ha hksbmfaboh jha entômhtrn hk ha dlbsgs. Jhsjh ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn,
rhtgrh ans tnrkgaans, abs brbkjhabs y abs tuhrdbs jh vhandgjbj jha gkthrgnr jha gkstrumhktn mghktrbs tnmb kntb jh abs ankigtujhs
jh ans tnrkgaans y abs ufgdbdgnkhs jh jnkjh sh rhtgrbrnk.
:. Gkstbah ha sufdnkouktn jha entômhtrn jh dnandbdgôk hk ha dlbsgs rhhmpabzbkjn ans (4) tnrkgaans butnrrnsdbkths
butnrrnsdbkths k. ° 5 hk sus ufgdbdgnkhs
nrgigkbahs. Bshiÿrhsh jh quh abs brbkjhabs jhktbjbs gkthrkbs hstçk gkstbabjbs hktrh abs dbfhzbs jh ans tnrkgaans y ab fbsh jha dlbsgs.
Entômhtrn jh bagkhbdgôk dnk mbrdbs jh ufgdbdgôk lhdlbs hk ha pbsn 6. Dnkhdth ans dbfahs hxtrbíjns hk ha pbsn 2.
KNZB
Ab brbkjhab jh fanquhn jh jghkths gkthrkb jhfh mbkthkhr dnktbdtn haçdtrgdn (tghrrb) dnk ab fbsh jha
dlbsgs pbrb uk eukdgnkbmghktn dnk pndn rugjn.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 69
Egiurb 29 Entômhtrn jh dbfah B4 b PDF prgkdgpba sgk O29

6< Vhv.J
Egiurb 29F.6-Entômhtrn jh dbfah b ab PDF prgkdgpba dnk O29
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 67
Vhhmpabzn jh MbgkPDFV.
2. Bfrb hagkstrumhktnjhsdrgtn hk "Bphrturbjhagkstrumhktn" .Dnksuath ab Egiurb 4.Andbagdh ab PDF prgkdgpba. Jhshkdlueh

ans dbfahs jh ab PDF prgkdgpba y jhsdnkhdth ans dbfahs jha trbksenrmbjnr.
6. Dnksuath ab Egiurb 2<. Rugth ans jns tnrkgaans quh suohtbk ab PDF prgkdgpba. Bpagquh ha Dnmpuhstn Zçrmgdn sumgkgstrbjn dnk ha
PDF jh rhhmpabzn hk ha ârhb hktrh ha jgsgpbjnr jh dbanr jh ab fbkjb jh PD y ha dlbsgs dnmn sh muhstrb hk ab Egiurb 2<.
Bshiurh ha PDF jh rhhmpabzn hk ab mgsmb enrmb quh ha PDF hagmgkbjn.
4. Uuhavb b dnkhdtbr ans dbfahs jha trbksenrmbjnr. Dnksuath ab shddgôk "Jgbirbmb jh fanquhs" jh hsth mbkuba pbrb dnkndhr abs
dnkhxgnkhs bjhdubjbs. Dnkhdth tnjns ans dbfahs rhstbkths.
#ZXHVDB
:
PDF PVGKDGPBA # : GKZHVKN

ABUBJNVB JH JGHKZHT
FBTH JHA DLBTGT KWANKTPBDHV
Bpagdbr dnmpuhstn tçrmgdn
# :-:0\4 / :
# 5 BVBKJHAB JH PHJGJNT GKZHVKNT
ZNVKGAAN
# 5-46\2 / : ZNVKGAAN
KNZB
Ab brbkjhab jh fanquhn jh jghkths gkthrkb jhfh mbkthkhr dnktbdtn haçdtrgdn (tghrrb) dnk ab fbsh jha
dlbsgs pbrb uk eukdgnkbmghktn dnk pndn rugjn.
Egiurb 2<. MbgkPDFGkstbaabtgnkUghw

40 Vhv.J
Dbagfrbdgôk
HbdlgkstrumhktgsdbagfrbthjjurgkimbkuebdturgkiusgkistbkjbrjstlbtbrhtrbdhbfahtntlhKbtgnkba Gkstgtutn
HbdlgkstrumhktgsdbagfrbthjjurgkimbkuebdturgkiusgkistbkjbrjstlbtbrhtrbdhbfahtntlhKbtgnkba
enrTtbkjbrjsbkjZhstgki (KGTZ), y sh pruhfb tnvhrgey su agkhbagjbj tn6B.Zlgsprhsht dbagfrbdgôk
gsvhrystbfah.Bfsnauthdbagfrbtgnkdbkfhvhrgeghjwgtl tlhushneKGTZ egatrns, n pnr dnmpbrgsnktnbrhehrhkdhgkstrumhkt quh
gscknwktnfhdbagfrbthjtnKGTZegathrs.Dbagfrbtgnkmby
fhdnkegrmhjusgkibdnmmhrdgbaaybvbgabfahdbagfrbtgnkdlhdcshtwlgdldbkfhnftbgkhjernmynur
jgstrgfutnr.Bphrgnjgdvhrgegdbtgnkne gkstrumhktbddurbdybkjagkhbrgty gsbjvgshj.Tgkdhmnst pruhfb jh abfnrbtnrgn
rhsuatsbrhfbshjupnkstbkjbrjsrbtlhr tlbkupnkbfsnauthbfsnrfbkdhs, tlhagkhbrgtyne ha gkstrumhktn, hk auibr
tlbktlhbddurbdy, hs ha gkjgdbjnr mâs drítgdn jha jhshmphòn jha gkstrumhktn.
Ab rhdbagfrbdgôk jh ans gkstrumhktns kn jhfh dnksgjhrbrsh lbstb quh shb pnsgfah

¡Th lbk jhsdbrtbjn ans ebdtnrhs jh gkthrehrhkdgb!
Ans hstâkjbrhs y hspbdgns hk fabkdn sh jhfhk vhrgegdbr dugjbjnsbmhkth pbrb ab hxbdtgtuj y ans
a ns rhsuatbjns jhfhk dnmpbrbrsh dnk uk
gkstrumhktn jh rhehrhkdgb. Xtgagdh uk entômhtrn jgspnkgfah dnmhrdgbamhkth pbrb vhrgegdbr ab prhdgsgôk y ab agkhbagjbj entnmçtrgdbs. muy
entnmçtrgdbs. muy
rhdnmhkjbjn. Tg hs khdhsbrgb ukb rhdbagfrbdgôk jh dbmpn, snan jhfh rhbagzbrsh dnk ans mbthrgbahs h gkstrumhktns jh rhehrhkdgb
bjhdubjns.
¾Dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh n lbrjwbrh>

Ab mbynríb jh ans gkstrumhktns ebfrgdbjns jhspuçs jh oukgn jh 2774, sgk dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh, hs jhdgr, hk
jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk bambdhkbjns hk VBM kn vnaâtga. Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk snk utgagzbjns pnr ha gkstrumhktn pbrb
dnmphksbr abs vbrgbdgnkhs hk ans dnmpnkhkths hahdtrôkgdns. Jurbkth ab dbagfrbdgôk jh eâfrgdb, dubaqughr bousth jh
lbrjwbrh khdhsbrgn sh rhbagzb usbkjn rhehrhkdgbs jh prhdgsgôk hstâkjbr y hsphdgbagzbjbs hk hqugpns hahdtrôkgdns.
Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk sh bambdhkbk hk ab mhmnrgb jha gkstrumhktn y tbmfgçk sh rhigstrbk hk ukb htgquhtb ufgdbjb
hk ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha dbmpn jh hvbaubdgôk, y sh dbaduabk abs kuhvbs rhehrhkdgbs jha gkstrumhktn.
sh gkirhsbk b trbvçs jha thdabjn. Hstn kn rhqughrh bousths jh lbrjwbrh.
Znjns ans gkstrumhktns ebfrgdbjns bkths jh oukgn jh 2774 utgagzbk dbagfrbdgôk jh lbrjwbrh. Hstn rhqughrh
lbdghkjn bousths b ans bousths pbrb ukb ibkbkdgb y dnmphksbdgôk jh bfsnrfbkdgb y dnmphksbdgôk jh thmphrbturb.
Pbrb jhthrmgkbr sg ha gkstrumhktn gkdnrpnrb eukdgnkhs jh dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh, shahddgnkh pruhfb

shahddgnkh pruhfb # 624. Tg
624. Tg sh gmprgmhk jbtns jh
dbagfrbdgôk, ha gkstrumhktn bjmgth ab dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh. Dnksuath ab shddgôk "Dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh". Tg kn sh gmprgmhk jbtns jh
dbagfrbdgôk, dnksuath ab shddgôk "Dbagfrbdgôk jh lbrjwbrh".
Hk dubaqughr dbsn, sg sh lbk dbmfgbjn ans hstrgfns n ans dnmpnkhkths D25, V26, V25, V22, V24, VK<, V6:, X25, n sh lbk
sustgtugjn ans entnjgnjns, ha gkstrumhktn rhquhrgrâ ukb dbagfrbdgôk jha lbrjwbrh.
mbkthkgmghktn

Vhv.J 42
PVHDBXDGÔK
Kn sh jhfh dnksgjhrbr ab rhdbagfrbdgôk jha gkstrumhktn lbstb

Th lbk jhsdbrtbjn tnjns ans pnsgfahs ebdtnrhs jh gkthrehrhkdgb, GKDAXWHKJN
GKDAXWHKJN
HVVNV RXÍMGDN, HVVNV JHA NPHVBJNV, EBAAB JH AB AÂMPBVB W EGAZVNT
JHIVBJBJNT.
Hstâkjbrhs y hspbdgns hk fabkdn jhfhk hstbr hstrhdlbmhkth dnktrnabjns pbrb ab hxbdtgtuj

y ans rhsuatbjns jhfhk dnmpbrbrsh dnk uk gkstrumhktn jh rhehrhkdgb.
Xtgagdh uk entômhtrn jgspnkgfah dnmhrdgbamhkth pbrb vhrgegdbr
Th rhdnmghkjb hkdbrhdgjbmhkth ab prhdgsgôk y ab agkhbagjbj entnmçtrgdbs.
Ab dbagfrbdgôk jha snetwbrh sghmprh jhfh gkthktbrsh bkths jh vnavhr b shahddgnkbr ab

dbagfrbdgôk jha lbrjwbrh.
Hk dbsn jh quh ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk jha snetwbrh sh pghrjbk n sh dnrrnmpbk, ha ebdtnr jh
bfsnrfbkdgb sh hstbfahdh hk 2.000 y ab dnmphksbdgôk jh thmphrbturb.
bousths pbrb ha fanquh y ab dhajb hk 0,0.

46 Vhv.J
Dbagfrbdgôk jh snetwbrh
Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk sh bambdhkbk hk ab mhmnrgb vnaâtga dnk ukb sumb jh vhrgegdbdgôk quh sh rhdbaduab y
sh dnmpbrb dbjb vhz quh sh hkdghkjh ha gkstrumhktn, sh shahddgnkb uk mnjn jh snetwbrh, n sh rhigstrb ukb
pruhfb iubrjbjb.
LBDHV BFT THZ ZHTZ 626! LBIB AB PVXHFB

JH BOXTZH JH ZHMPHVBZXVB 620!
Tg baiukn jh hstns mhksbohs sh gmprgmh n sh muhstrb, gkjgdb quh ans vbanrhs jh dbagfrbdgôk sh lbk phrjgjn. Hstns mhksbohs sh
gmprgmgrâk dbjb vhz quh sh prnjuzdb ukb ebaab hk ab sumb jh vhrgegdbdgôk y lbstb quh sh rhbagdh ab dbagfrbdgôk. Ha gkstrumhktn
bkukdgb hstb dnkjgdgôk dnk vbrgns pgtgjns.
Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk jh bfsnrfbkdgb sh bambdhkbk dnmn uk ebdtnr jh hsdbab, quh hs ab rhabdgôk jh
bfsnrfbkdgb jh rhehrhkdgb dnkndgjb quh ha gkstrumhktn gkenrmb jh bfsnrfbkdgb.
Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk jh thmphrbturb sh bambdhkbk dnmn dnmphksbdgnkhs quh ha gkstrumhktn birhib b abs thmphrbturbs jhthdtbjbs.
jhthdtbjbs. Ha
vbanr gkirhsbjn hk ha thdabjn sh birhib b ab dnmphksbdgôk bambdhkbjb pbrb ha bousth jh rhj jha prnjudtn. Th mbktghkhk dnmphksbdgnkhs
dnmphksbdgnkhs
shpbrbjbs pbrb ha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk y tbmfgçk.
Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk puhjhk gmprgmgrsh hk dubaqughr mnmhktn shahddgnkbkjn ab pruhfb # 624. Hstn gmprgmh ha kÿmhrn jh shrgh jha
gkstrumhktn, ab ehdlb jh ab ÿatgmb dbagfrbdgôk, ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk bambdhkbjns? ha ebdtnr jh hsdbab jh bfsnrfbkdgb, ab dnmphksbdgôk jh
thmphrbturb jha fanquh jh rhj y ab dnmphksbdgôk jh thmphrbturb jh ab dhajb jh rhj.
Hk dbsn jh pçrjgjb jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk, abs dnmphksbdgnkhs jh thmphrbturb tbktn pbrb ha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk dnmn pbrb ha fghk sh
hstbfahdhk hk 0.0 y ha ebdtnr jh hsdbab jh bfsnrfbkdgb sh hstbfahdh hk 2.000. Hk hstb dnkjgdgôk,
dnkjgdgôk, ha hrrnr mâxgmn jh thmphrbturb hs ² 2,8½D y ha
hrrnr mâxgmn jh bfsnrdgôk hs ² 20%, sghmprh quh ans aímgths kn lbybk sgjn phrturfbjns. Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk sh puhjhk rhstburbr dnmn sh
jhsdrgfh b dnktgkubdgôk
dnktgkubdgôk..
Pbrb rhdbagfrbr ha gkstrumhktn, dnksuath abs shddgnkhs "Dbagfrbdgôk jha snetwbrh-Zhmphrbturb" y "Dbagfrbdgôk jha
snetwbrh-Bfsnrfbkdgb".
mbkthkgmghktn
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 44
VhstnrhDbagfrbtgnkJbtb
Hsth prndhjgmghktn rhstburb ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk jh ans bousths nrgigkbahs jh eâfrgdb rhigstrbjns hk ab htgquhtb jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk.
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 pbrb gmprgmgr ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Uhrgegquh quh ans jbtns shbk ans sgiughkths?
BFTEBDZNV 2.000
FANDCZHMP 0.0
DHAAZHMP 0.0
6. Tg ans jbtns gmprhsns hk ha pbsn 2 kn dngkdgjhk dnk ha hohmpan, jhtçkibsh. Dnmpahth ha prndhjgmghktn "Vhstbfahdhr jbtns jh
dbagfrbdgôk" y auhin rhpgtb hsth prndhjgmghktn. Jh an dnktrbrgn, ufgquh ab htgquhtb jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk hk ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha
gkstrumhktn. Dnpgh ans jbtns jh ab htgquhtb dnmn rhehrhkdgb hk ans sgiughkths pbsns.
4. Tg ab ehdlb y ab lnrb snk gkdnrrhdtbs, dnkegiurh ab ehdlb y ab lnrb dnmn sh jhsdrgfh hk ha Mbkuba jha prnpghtbrgn. Thahddgnkh ab
:. pruhfb k. ° 620.
FANRXH =
Gkirhsh ha vbanr jh ab aíkhb FandcZhmp hk ab htgquhtb jh dbagfrbdgôk. Ab pbktbaab
8. muhstrb?
DHAJB =
Gktrnjuzdb ans jbtns jh ab aíkhb DhaaZhmp jh ab htgquhtb jh dbagfrbdgôk.
5. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 626.
BFTEBDZNV =
Gkirhsh ha kÿmhrn jh ab aíkhb BfsEbdtnr jh ab htgquhtb jh dbagfrbdgôk.
9. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 pbrb gmprgmgr ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Ans jbtns gmprhsns jhfhk dngkdgjgr blnrb dnk ans vbanrhs quh sh
muhstrbk hk ab htgquhtb jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Tg kn hs bsí, dnmpahth ha prndhjgmghktn "Vhsht DbagfrbtgnkJbtb", auhin rhpgtb hsth
prndhjgmghktn.
4: Vhv.J
VhshtDbagfrbtgnkJbtb
Hsth prndhjgmghktn rhstbfahdh ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Ha ebdtnr jh hsdbab jh bfsnrfbkdgb sh hstbfahdh hk 2.000, y abs dnmphksbdgnkh
dnmphksbdgnkhss jh
thmphrbturb sh hstbfahdhk hk 0.0.
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 pbrb gmprgmgr ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Uhrgegquh quh ans jbtns gmprhsns shbk ans sgiughkths?
BFTEBDZNV 2.000
FANDCZHMP 0.0
DHAAZHMP 0.0
6. Tg ans jbtns gmprhsns hk ha pbsn 2 dngkdgjhk dnk ha hohmpan quh sh muhstrb, jhtçkibsh. Ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk yb sh lbk
rhstbfahdgjn. Tg ans jbtns gmprhsns hk ha pbsn 2 dngkdgjhk dnk ans jbtns mnstrbjns hk ab htgquhtb jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk hk ab pbrth
gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn y kn jhshb mnjgegdbr ab dbagfrbdgôk, jhtçkibsh.
jhtçkibsh. Jh an dnktrbrgn, bknth ukb kntb jh ans vbanrhs gmprhsns hk ha
pbsn 2.
4. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb k. ° 620.
FANRXH =
Gkirhsh ha khibtgvn jha vbanr gmprhsn pbrb FANDC ZHMP. Hstn rhstbfahdhrâ ab dnmphksbdgôk jh thmphrbturb jha fanquh b
0.0.
:. Ab pbktbaab muhstrb?
DHAJB =
Gkirhsh ha khibtgvn jha vbanr quh sh gmprgmgô pbrb DHAAZHMP. Hstn rhstbfahdhrâ ab dnmphksbdgôk jh thmphrbturb jh ab dhajb b
0.0.
8. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 626.
BFTEBDZNV =
Gkirhsh ha gkvhrsn jha vbanr gmprhsn pbrb BFTEBDZNV hk ha pbsn 2, hs jhdgr, dbaduah
2
BFTEBDZNV
bkjhrtlhvbauh.
5. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 pbrb gmprgmgr ans jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Ans jbtns gmprhsns jhfhk dngkdgjgr blnrb dnk ha hohmpan jha pbsn
2. Tg kn hs bsí, rhpgtb hsth prndhjgmghktn.
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 48
Tnetwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Zhmphrbturb
Ha nfohtn jh hsth prndhjgmghktn hs hstbfahdhr uk bduhrjn hktrh ab thmphrbturb rhba y ab thmphrbturb mnstrbjb
mgjghkjn ab thmphrbturb rhba, hktrbkjn auhin ab jgehrhkdgb hktrh abs thmphrbturbs rhbahs y abs kntgegdbjbs.
Zhkib hk duhktb quh sh utgagzbk snkjbs jh thrmgstnrhs jh prhdgsgôk.
• (6) Zufn jh sgagdbtn jh dbrfnkn jh 26 mm (u ntrb dufhtb bjhdubjb pbrb ha gkstrumhktn)
• (6) Tnkjb thrmgstnr jh rhehrhkdgb
WTG Gkd. # ::20<rhqugvbahkth.
40C @ 68 ° D, ² 0.6 ° gkthrdbmfgbfgagjbj
• Jgigtbanlmímhtrn
Jgigtbanlmímhtrn (JMM), 0.8% n mhonr prhdgsgôk.
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Dnmpahth ha prndhjgmghktn "VhshtDbagfrbtgnkJbtb".
6. Dnanquh uk tufn n dufhtb dnk 2 ma jh biub hk ha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk. Tumhrob ab snkjb jha thrmgstnr hk ha dhktrn
bprnxgmbjn jha tufn. Dnanquh uk brrhian sgmgabr hk ha pnzn jh ahdturb. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 2<< pbrb hxthkjhr ha tghmpn
jh ab aâmpbrb.
4. Phrmgtb 28 mgkutns pbrb ha hqugagfrgn.
:. Tg ha JMM quh sh hstâ utgagzbkjn kn hstâ hk hsdbab butnmâtgdb, hstbfahzdb quh 60C hstâ hk ha rbkin. Dhrn ha mhjgjnr y auhin ahb
hktrh 2977:ý y
ab rhsgsthkdgb jh ans thrmgstnrhs. Tg ab rhsgsthkdgb hstâ hktrh 2977:ý 2<:48 ý, kn
y 2<:48 ý, kn sh lbk rhbagzbjn bousths. Jh an dnktrbrgn,
dnktgkÿh dnk ha pbsn sgiughkth.
8. Dbaduah abs dnmphksbdgnkhs jh thmphrbturb utgagzbkjn ab sgiughkth eôrmuab?
Z = V - 2<620
D
Jôkjh?
Vgstlhmhjgô ab rhsgsthkdgb.
Dgshgiuba b 980 sg ab rhsgsthkdgb mhjgjb hs mbynr quh 2< 620. Dgshquba b 960 sg
ab rhsgsthkdgb mhjgjb hs mhknr quh 2<620.
5. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 620. Ab pbktbaab muhstrb?
FANRXH =
Hsdrgfb ha jhspabzbmghktn dbaduabjn bkthrgnrmhkth pbrb ha fanquh y prhsgnkh HKZHV.
9. Ab pbktbaab muhstrb?
DHAJB =
Hsdrgfb ha jhspabzbmghktn dbaduabjn pbrb ab dhajb y prhsgnkh HKZHV.
<. Vhpgtb ans pbsns jha 4 ba 5 lbstb quh ab rhsgsthkdgb hstç jhktrn jha rbkin hsphdgegdbjn y ab thmphrbturb mnstrbjb shb jh 49 ° D ²
0,4. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 dbjb vhz pbrb gmprgmgr ans bousths bdtubahs.
45 Vhv.J
Ab dnmphksbdgôk khtb jhspuçs
jhspuçs jh ab thmphrbturb jhfh shr jh ² 2,8 ° D n mhknr.
7. Dubkjn thkib ukn, shahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 pbrb gmprgmgr ans kuhvns jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk. Gktrnjuzdb
Gktrnjuzdb hstns vbanrhs hk ab htgquhtb
jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk hk ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn.
Tnetwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Bfsnrfbkdgb

• Zufn jh fnrnsgagdbtn jh 26 mm (u ntrb dufhtb bjhdubjb pbrb ha gkstrumhktn)
• Hsphdtrnentômhtrn jh rhehrhkdgbs
• Mbthrgba jh rhehrhkdgb quh badbkzb uk pgdn hk ukb jh abs ankigtujhs jh nkjb jha egatrn.
• Jgaudgôk hk shrgh prhdgsb 2? 6 jha mbthrgba jh rhehrhkdgb.
2. Dnmpahth ha prndhjgmghktn "VhshtDbagfrbtgnkJbtb".

"VhshtDbagfrbtgnkJbtb".
6. Dnanquh uk tufn jh fnrnsgagdbtn rhaahkn dnk biub dnrrghkth hk ntrn auibr. Kn ush uk tufn jh vgjrgn jh dba y snjb, yb
quh kn trbksmgth b 4:0 km.
4. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb k. ° 2<5 y dnkegrmh quh tnjbs abs thksgnkhs jh egatrn jhthdtbjbs sh hkduhktrbk hktrh 6,00 y
20,00 vnatgns.
:. Jhthrmgkh ab bfsnrfbkdgb tbktn jha mbthrgba jh rhehrhkdgb 2? 2 dnmn jh ab jgaudgôk 2? 6 hk uk hsphdtrnentômhtrn jh

rhehrhkdgb. Ab jgaudgôk 2? 6 jhfh hstbr hk ha rbkin jh bfsnrfbkdgb jh < b 2,6. Ha mbthrgba 2? 2 jhfh hstbr hk ha rbkin jh
2,5 b 6,: jh bfsnrfbkdgb.
8. Thahddgnkh ha mnjn jh bfsnrfbkdgb (Prhsgnkh BFT) .Thahddgnkhabsankigtujhs jh nkjb rhquhrgjbs .Thahddgnkh0pbrb kgkiÿk egatrn
jgehrhkdgba.Hsdrgfb
jgehrhkdgba.Hsdrgfb ha mgsmn mbthrgba jgauyhkth usbjn pbrb prhpbrbr abs dnkdhktrbdgnkhs.
5. Ahb ab jgaudgôk 2? 6. Jgvgjb ab bfsnrfbkdgb shiÿk ha hsphdtrnentômhtrn jh rhehrhkdgb pnr ha vbanr jh bfsnrfbkdgb
gkenrmbjn. Nfshrvh ha rhsuatbjn jh hsth dâaduan pbrb ha pbsn sgiughkth.
9. Tbaib jha mnjn jh bfsnrdgôk y shahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 626.
BFTEBDZNV =
Gkirhsh ha rhsuatbjn jha dâaduan rhbagzbjn hk ha pbsn bkthrgnr. Dubkjn sh gkirhsh hsth ebdtnr, ha gkstrumhktn sh
muatgpagdbrâ pnr ha ebdtnr bkthrgnr y mnstrbrâ ha ebdtnr khtn (ans kuhvns jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk).
<. Thahddgnkh kuhvbmhkth ha mnjn jh bfsnrfbkdgb. Hk fabkdn dnmn bkths hk ha jgauyhkth. Ab bfsnrfbkdgb jh jgaudgôk 2? 6 kn
jhfh dngkdgjgr dnk ab rhehrhkdgb b ukb bfsnrfbkdgb jh ² 0,008.
7. Ahhr ab dnkdhktrbdgôk 2? 2. Jhfhríb hstbr jh bduhrjn dnk ² 6% jh ab rhehrhkdgb. Tg hs khdhsbrgn, bousth dnk dugjbjn ha
pnthkdgômhtrn ZP4 pbrb anirbr hsth bduhrjn. Ahb ab shddgôk ‑Dbagfrbdgôk jha lbrjwbrh” bkths jh rhbagzbr dubaqughr bousth. Uuhavb b
fabkquhbr y dnkegrmh ans vbanrhs. Dnksuath abs Egiurbs 27 y 60 pbrb dnkndhr abs ufgdbdgnkhs jh ans pnthkdgômhtrns.
20. Dubkjn thkib ukn, shahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 624 pbrb gmprgmgr ans kuhvns jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk.
Ab htgquhtb jh jbtns jh dbagfrbdgôk sh hkduhktrb hk ab pbrth gkehrgnr jha gkstrumhktn.
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 49
Dbagfrbdgôk jh lbrjwbrh
PVHDBXDGÔK
Ahb y dnmprhkjb ab shddgôk "Dbagfrbdgôk" bkths jh rhbagzbr

DXBARXGHV bousth.
Lbrjwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Zhmphrbturb

Ha
nfohtnjhhsthprndhjgmghktnhsboustbransrhinthshkhrghdnkansdgrdugtnsjhbagmhktbdgôkjhthmphrbturbpbrbnfthkhrukbthmphrbt
hqugagfrbjbjh49 ° D.Dnksuath absEgiurbs27y60pbrbabufgdbdgôkjhanspnts jh bousth. Abs pnsgdgnkhs y
jhsgikbdgnkhs jh ans trgmpnts quh sh muhstrbk hk abs jns gaustrbdgnkhs snk abs mgsmbs pbrb tnjns ans
mnjhans. Ab ÿkgdb jgehrhkdgb hs ha abjn jha PDF prgkdgpba ba quh sh mnktbk ans trgmpnt.
Zhkib hk duhktb quh sh utgagzbk snkjbs jh thrmgstnrhs jh prhdgsgôk.
• (6) Zufn jh sgagdbtn jh dbrfnkn jh 26 mm (u ntrb dufhtb bjhdubjb pbrb ha gkstrumhktn)
• (6) Tnkjb thrmgstnr jh rhehrhkdgb
WTG Gkd. # ::20<rhqugvbahkth.
40C @ 68 ° D, ² 0.6 ° gkthrdbmfgbfgagjbj
• Jgigtbanlmímhtrn
Jgigtbanlmímhtrn (JMM), 0.8% n mhonr prhdgsgôk.
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Dnanquh uk tufn (n dufhtb) aahkn dnk 2 ma jh biub hk ha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk. Tusphkjb ab snkjb jha thrmgstnr jh
rhehrhkdgb hk ha dhktrn bprnxgmbjn jha tufn. Kn phrmgtb quh ab puktb jh ab snkjb tnquh ab pbrhj jha tufn. Dnanquh uk
brrhian sgmgabr hk ab dhajb.
6. Prhsgnkh ab thdab ABMP pbrb hkdhkjhr ab aâmpbrb. Jhoh 28 mgkutns pbrb ha hqugagfrgn.
4. Dnkegiurh ha JMM pbrb ahhr 60C. Ahb ab rhsgsthkdgb jh ans thrmgstnrhs. Tg ab rhsgsthkdgb hstâ hktrh 2977:ý
hktrh 2977:ý y
y 2<:48ý,
2<:48ý, kn
kn
sh lbk rhbagzbjn bousths. Jh an dnktrbrgn, dnktgkÿh dnk ha pbsn sgiughkth.
:. Dnksuath abs Egiurbs 27 y 60. Bousth ab (s) naab (s) jh rhdnrth dnk ukb mnkturb phquhòb. Iírhab hk shktgjn lnrbrgn
lnrbrgn pbrb fbobr ab
thmphrbturb3 hk shktgjn bktglnrbrgn pbrb bumhktbr ab thmphrbturb. ZP: boustb ab thmphrbturb jh ab dhajb3 ZP2 boustb ab thmphrbturb
jha fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk.
8. Vhpgtb ans pbsns jha 6 ba : lbstb quh abs rhsgsthkdgbs jh abs snkjbs hstçk jhktrn jh ans aímgths. Jhfh gkthktbr nfthkhr ab
rhsgsthkdgb mâs dhrdbkb b 2<620 y an mâs pnsgfah.
4< Vhv.J
Erhkth jh
gkstrumhktn
Hsdntgaab
ZP2
FandcZhmp
ZP6
BfsIbgk ZP:
DhaaZhmp
ZP4
BfsNeesht
Egiurb 27.ZrgmpntAndbtgnks-fnttnmvghw
ZP4 ZP:
BfsNeesht
DhaaZhmp
ZP6 ZP2
BfsIbgk FandcZhmp
Erhkth jha gkstrumhktn
Egiurb 60.ZrgmpntAndbtgnks-tnpvg
60.ZrgmpntAndbtgnks-tnpvghw
hw
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 47
Lbrjwbrh Dbagfrbdgôk — Bfsnrfbkdgb

Ha nfohtgvn jh hsth prndhjgmghktn hs boustbr ans gkstrumhktns jh mnjn quh ha kgvha jh bfsnrdgôk gkjgdbjn hstç
jh bduhrjn dnk ha jh uk gkstrumhktn jh rhehrhkdgb. Dghrtns mnjhans puhjhk rhquhrgr uk prndhjgmghktn jh
dbagfrbdgôk jgehrhkth n puhjhk shr dbagfrbjns pbrb hsphdgegdbdgnkhs jgstgktbs b abs quh sh muhstrbk bquí.
Dnksuath ha Mbkuba jha prnpghtbrgn n dnmukíquhsh dnk ha jgstrgfugjnr pbrb nfthkhr mâs gkenrmbdgôk.
• Zufn jh fnrnsgagdbtn jh 26 mm (u ntrb dufhtb bjhdubjb pbrb ha gkstrumhktn)
• Hsphdtrnentômhtrn jh rhehrhkdgbs
• Mbthrgba jh rhehrhkdgb duyn bfsnrfhjnr badbkzb ukb ankigtuj jh nkjb jh egatrn, pnr hohmpan, :08 km.
• Jgaudgnkhs shrgbahs prhdgsbs 2? 2 y 2? 6 jha mbthrgba jh rhehrhkdgb.
Prndhjgmghktn?
2. Dnanquh uk tufn jh fnrnsgagdbtn rhaahkn dnk biub dnrrghkth hk ntrn auibr. Kn ush uk tufn jh vgjrgn jh dba y snjb, yb
quh kn trbksmgth b 4:0 km.
6. Thahddgnkh ab pruhfb # 2<5 y dnkegrmh quh tnjns ans vnatbohs jh egatrn jhthdtbjns sh hkduhktrbk hktrh 6,0 y 20,0 vnatgns. Tg ans
vnatbohs hstâk euhrb jha rbkin, dnksuath ab shddgôk "Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs",
4. Jhthrmgkh ab bfsnrfbkdgb tbktn jha mbthrgba 2? 2 dnmn jh ab jgaudgôk 2? 6 jh enrmb mnkndrnmâtgdb

hk uk hsphdtrnentômhtrn jh rhehrhkdgb. Ab jgaudgôk 2? 6 jhfh hstbr hk ha rbkin jh .< b 2.6
bfsnrfbkdgb.
:. Prhsgnkh BFT pbrb dnandbr ha gkstrumhktn hk ha mnjn jh bfsnrdgôk. Thahddgnkh ab ankigtuj jh nkjb
prgmbrgb rhquhrgjb.
8. Ahb ab jgaudgôk 2? 6. Ab bfsnrfbkdgb gkenrmbjb jhfh hstbr jhktrn jh 2% ² 0,008 jh ab rhehrhkdgb. Tg kn hs bsí, bousth uk pndn ha
pnthkdgômhtrn ZP6? hk ha shktgjn jh abs biuobs jha rhano pbrb bumhktbr ha vbanr y hk shktgjn bktglnrbrgn pbrb rhjudgran. Vhpgtb hsth
pbsn shiÿk shb khdhsbrgn lbstb quh ab bfsnrfbkdgb gkenrmbjb hstç jhktrn jh ans aímgths.
5. Ahb ab dnkdhktrbdgôk 2? 2. Abs bfsnrfbkdgbs gkenrmbjbs

gkenrmbjbs jhfhk hstbr jh bduhrjn dnk ha 6% ² 0,008 jh ab rhehrhkdgb. Tg kn hs bsí,
bousth ha pnthkdgômhtrn ZP4 hk ukb phquhòb dbktgjbj? hk shktgjn lnrbrgn pbrb bumhktbr ha vbanr, hk shktgjn bktglnrbrgn pbrb rhjudgr
ha vbanr. Vhpgtb hstns pbsns khdhsbrgns lbstb quh ab bfsnrfbkdgb gkenrmbjb hstç jhktrn jh ans aímgths.
9. Vhpgth ans pbsns jha 6 ba 9 lbstb quh sh dumpabk ans trhs drgthrgns? thksgnkhs jh egatrn, bfsnrdgôk fbob (ibkbkdgb) y bfsnrdgôk batb
(dnmphksbdgôk).
:0 Vhv.J
Pghzbs jh rhpuhstn
Brtíduans dnksumgfahs y bddhsnrgns
Aâmpbrb ...........
.......................
........................
........................
..............
.. ...........
.......................
.......................
.......................
................
.... ...........
....................
......... 22600:
Eusgfahs (ouhin jh 6) .......................
.............................................
........................ .....................
...........................................
.............................
....... .......... 206006
Pbpha jh gmprhsnrb (8 rnaans) ..........
.....................
......................
......................
..............
... ..........
.....................
.....................
.....................
...................
........ .280002
Hstudlh jh trbkspnrth ...........
......................
.....................
.....................
.................
...... ...........
......................
.....................
.....................
..................
....... ........ 000470
Zufns jh sgagdbtn jh sgagdbtn 26x98 mm (680 / dbob, 2000 / dbob) ........................................
......................... ............... ...............
.......... ..... 289406
Iubrjbpnavn ..................
.....................................
...............................
............ ....................
.......................................
..............................
........... ............ 002770
Brtíduans kn dnksumgfahs *
Zhdabjn (pabkn) .............................................. .................................................. ............. 2<4204
Zhdabjn (bfnvhjbjn) .............................................. .................................................. ........ 2<4224
Dnkouktn jh thdabjn / suphrpnsgdgôk ............................................... ........................................... 2<448:
MbgkPDF ................................................. .................................................. .............. 778004
FbtthryVBMdlgp ................................................. .................................................. ..254052
Dnrrhb, ruhjb jh egatrn ............................................... ..................................................
.................................................. ....... 246087
Mntnr, ruhjb jh egatrn ............................................... .................................................. .... 208265
Entnmhthrbsgb ...........
......................
......................
......................
................
..... ..........
......................
.......................
.....................
.......... (hsphdgegdbr mnjhan) Vhbddgôk fanquhbjb ...
.................................
............................................
.................
...... ..........
.....................
......................
.............
.. (hsphdgegdbr mnjhan) Dnfhrturb ...........
.............
......................
.................................
......................
.................
...... ..........
.....................
......................
.................
...... (hsphdgegdbr mnjhan) Uhktgabjnr jh rhergihrbdgôk ........
.................................................. .................................................. ... 20:806
Dbfah gkthrkn jh 2: pgkhs (ankigtuj hsphdgegdbjb) ............................................ ............................... 20:xxx Mhdbkgsmn jh
gmprhsnrb ................. .................................................. .................................. 208502
PrgkthrPabthk ................................................. .................................................. .... 208582
Dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk (gkdauyh pabdb jh gmprhsgôk) .............................................. .......................... 208586
Gkthrebz jh gmprhsnrb PDF ................................................ ................................................. 778005
Mnkgtnr ................................................. .................................................. .................. 256827
Ouhin jh rhhmpabzn jh egatrn y khutrn ................................................ . (hsphdgegdbr ankigtuj jh nkjb) 222\\\
* Hsphdgegquh ha kÿmhrn jh shrgh jha gkstrumhktn dubkjn sh rhbagdhk phjgjns pbrb snaudgnkbr prnfahmbs jh dnmpbtgfgagjbj jh pghzbs jh rhpuhstn.
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J :2
Jgbirbmb jh fanquhs
:6 Vhv.J
PDFAbynuts
MbgkPDF — ernmrhv_
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J :4
MbgkPDF — ernmrhvA tnrhvW
:: Vhv.J
MbgkPDF — tlrnuilrhvC
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J :8
GmprhsnrbPDF (400-600H)
Kntb? dnrth ha puhkth O8 pbrb usbran dnk gmprhsnrbs sgk irâegdns.
:5 Vhv.J
GmprhsnrbPDF (400-600)
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J :9
GkdufbdgôkFanquhPDF
2.8Cý20Y 660ý R602H4nrMBD79B5
2.8Cý20Y 2Cý AHJ MDP4062
:< Vhv.J
Hsquhmbs
MbgkPDF (ernmrhv_) 2 jh :
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J :7
80 Vhv.J
© 277: 2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy,
2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy, Gkd. Ab jupagdbdgôk kn butnrgzbjb hstâ hstrgdtbmhkth prnlgfgjb. Ab gkenrmbdgôk prnpnrdgnkbjb hk hsth mbkuba hstâ rhstrgkigjb pbrb su usn pnr phrsnkbs butnrgzbjbs
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 82
MbgkPDF (ernmrhv_) : jh :
© 277: 2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy,
2779BwbrhkhssZhdlknaniy, Gkd. Ab jupagdbdgôk kn butnrgzbjb hstâ hstrgdtbmhkth prnlgfgjb. Ab gkenrmbdgôk prnpnrdgnkbjb hk hsth mbkuba hstâ rhstrgkigjb pbrb su usn pnr phrsnkbs butnrgzbjbs
86 Vhv.J
MbgkPDF (rhv A b rhvW) 2 jh :
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 84
8: Vhv.J
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 88
Entômhtrn PDF (jhsjh rhvA)
85 Vhv.J
GmprhsnrbPDF (400-600H)
mbkthkgmghktn
Vhv.J 89
Gkthrebz jh gmprhsnrb PDF (400-600)
8< Vhv.J
Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk PDF

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Abs aíkhbs jh vnatboh phagirnsbs hstâk prhshkths hk ha pbkha pnsthrgnr

B25-dlbrbdthrbaplbkumhrgdAHJjgspabygsmnukthjtntlhprgkthrfrbdcht gksgjhne tlhdnvhr.B

Znjns ans dnmpnkhkths prgkdgpbahs

• Vuhjb jh egatrn jh : pnsgdgnkhs

• Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk nmgtgjn

• Ha jgspnsgtgvn HPVNM puhjh shr ukn jh?

• Ha jgspnsgtgvn VBM puhjh shr ukn jh?

Puhrtn shrgba bagmhktbdgôk jh DB Pnjhr

Egiurb 6.Pbkha trbshrn

Dubjrn jh audhs n eusgfahs

Egiurb 4.Jgspnsgdgôk jha dlbsgs

Gkthrruptnr jh shahddgôk jh vnatboh

Dbagfrbtgnktrgm- Fanquh jh gkdufbdgôk

Pbktbaab, thdabjn h gmprhsnrb

Abs aíkhbs jh vnatboh phagirnsbs hstâk prhshkths hk ha pbkha pnsthrgnr

Kn lbib kgkiÿk bousth jh lbrjwbrh, b phsbr jh quh lbyb ahíjn ha

Egiurb 8. Tnaudgôk jh prnfahmbs

Hk ab sgiughkth shddgôk, sh jhsdrgfhk tnjns ans

Prgmhrns mnjhans Mnjhans bdtubahs

Egiurb 5.Nsdgansdnpgn Enrmbs jh nkjb

Ans sgiughkths mhksbohs jh hrrnr gkjgdbk pnsgfahs prnfahmbs jh gkthrebz n dnmpnkhkth.

EBAAN AÂMPBVB Ab aâmpbrb kn bpbrhdh pbrb gaumgkbr tnjns ans jbtns.

GMPVHTNVB PBPHAOBM Ha rhdnrrgjn jha pbpha jh gmprhsgôk gkthrkn hstâ nfstrugjn.

EGAZVN VXHJB Ha gkstrumhktn kn puhjh jhthdtbr puasns jh ab ruhjb

JNZHMPTHZZHTZ620! Ans vbanrhs jh dbagfrbdgôk jh thmphrbturb bambdhkbjns sh dnrrnmpghrnk n kn sh hkdnktrbrnk.

JNBFTTHZZHTZ626! Ans vbanrhs jh dbagfrbdgôk jh bfsnrfbkdgb bambdhkbjns sh dnrrnmpghrnk n kn

Zhkib hk duhktb quh hstns mhksbohs puhjhk bpbrhdhr hk ha snetwbrh

Vhtgrh ab tbpb y dnaôquhab b uk abjn.

Ab aâmpbrb hstâ DBAGHKZH. Phrmgtb quh ab aâmpbrb sh hkeríh bkths jh mbkgpuabrab.

utgagzbkjn ha tnrkgaan gkjgdbjn pbrb sufgr n fbobr ab baturb jh ab pabdb.

8. Pnkib ha gkthrruptnr jh pnthkdgb hk NK. Ha hsdujn jh ab aâmpbrb y nfshrvh ab prnyhddgôk jha

Ab aâmpbrb jhfh shr pbrbahab

Zhrmgkba jh aâmpbrb Ha egabmhktn jh ab aâmpbrb jhfh hstbr dhktrbjn vhrtgdba

Egiurb <. Vhhmpabzn jh aâmpbrb

Egiurb <b. Bagkhbdgôk jh aâmpbrb dnk snpnrth jh aâmpbrb mâs kuhvn

Ha auibr jhfh shr phquhòn

Egiurb 7. Bagkhbdgôk jh puktns

22. PDF thkghkjn dugjbjn jh dhktrbr ab tbfab barhjhjnr jha hoh.

Rugtbr tnrkgaans Vhtgrh ans tnrkgaans quh suohtbk

Xkb n jns brbkjhabs jh

Lnmfrn egatrn dnk nfohtn

Gkstbah egatrns jh jhksgjbj khutrb, pbktbaabs jh puktns,

Egiurb 20 Vhhmpabzn jha egatrn

Kn bpagquh euhrzb ba dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk.

Kn rbsquh ab pabtgkb kg ernth dnk nfohtns egansns.

Dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk btbsdbjn

Hkirbkboh jhabkthrn jhrhdln

Egiurb 26. Hagmgkbdgôk jh btbsdns hk ab gmprhsnrb

Birbplgdsdbpbfahprgkthrlbsfhhkgktrnjudhjgkrhdhkt mbkhrb gkstrumhkts.Vhpabdhmhktprgkthrsbrh

gsushjgstnanncbt tlhfauhgksphdtgnkabfhanktlhprgkthr gkthrebdhPDF. Tg ha kÿmhrn jh ab htgquhtb hs M060::8 n suphrgnr, sh utgagzb

Vhhmpabzn jh dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk

Dnksuath ab Egiurb 2: y rhhmpabdh abs dbfhzbs jh gmprhsgôk b dnktgkubdgôk?

Egiurb 24.Mnjgegdbdgôk jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk jh rhhmpabzn pbrb

2. Tbquh ha pbsbjnr (2) quh suohtb ha hkirbkboh (6) hk su auibr.

Egiurb 2:.Ugstbs jh gmprhsnrb pbrb ha rhhmpabzn jha dbfhzba jh gmprhsgôk

2. Vhegrgçkjnsh b ab Egiurb 28, hagmgkh ha Pbkha jh jgrhddgôk jh pbpha.

4. Ahvbkth ha abjn gzqughrjn jh ab pabdb.

Egiurb 28? Tustgtudgôk jh ab pabdb jh ab gmprhsnrb

Ohrshy jh dnrth pbrb kn irâegdns

Vhhmpabzn jh fbkjb jh PD prgkdgpba / n entômhtrn

Ans entômhtrns hstâk dnkhdtbjns

2. Bfrb hagkstrumhktnjhsdrgtn hk "Bphrturbjhagkstrumhktn" .Dnksuath ab Egiurb4.Xfgquh ha entômhtrn.Kntb ab

Egiurb 29 Entômhtrn jh dbfah B4 b PDF prgkdgpba sgk O29